ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway User’s Guide Version 3.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Copyright Copyright © 2002 by ZyXEL Communications Corporation. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, translated into any language, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, photocopying, manual, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation. Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement This device complies with Part 15 of FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: • • This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operations. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Information for Canadian Users The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operation and safety requirements. The Industry Canada label does not guarantee that the equipment will operate to a user's satisfaction.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Declaration of Conformity We, the Manufacturer/Importer, ZyXEL Communications Corp. No. 6, Innovation Rd. II, Science-Based Industrial Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 300 R.O.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway ZyXEL Limited Warranty ZyXEL warrants to the original end user (purchaser) that this product is free from any defects in materials or workmanship for a period of up to two years from the date of purchase.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Customer Support Please have the following information ready when you contact customer support. • • • • • Product model and serial number. Information in Menu 24.2.1 – System Information. Warranty Information. Date that you received your device. Brief description of the problem and the steps you took to solve it. METHOD E-MAIL SUPPORT/SALES TELEPHONE/FAX WEB SITE/ FTP SITE REGULAR MAIL LOCATION support@zyxel.com.tw +886-3-578-3942 www.zyxel.com www.europe.
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table of Contents Copyright .....................................................................................................................................................ii Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement .................................................iii Information for Canadian Users ...............................................................................................................iv ZyXEL Limited Warranty ........
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.1 Turning On Your ZyWALL ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 Initial Screen....................................................................................................................... 3-1 Entering the Password ........................................................................................................ 3-1 Navigating the SMT Interface ....................
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.7 5.4 IP Alias................................................................................................................................5-5 TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu....................................................................................5-5 5.4.1 IP Alias Setup......................................................................................................................5-7 Chapter 6 Internet Access ............................
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.1.5 9.2 NAT Mapping Types.......................................................................................................... 9-4 Using NAT ................................................................................................................................. 9-6 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.3 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT .......................................................................... 9-6 Applying NAT............................................
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 10.5.4 10.5.5 10.6 10.6.1 10.7 10.7.1 10.7.2 UDP/ICMP Security .......................................................................................................10-10 Upper Layer Protocols ....................................................................................................10-11 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall ....................................................10-11 Security In General .........................................
ZYWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.2.1 13.2.2 13.2.3 13.3 13.3.1 13.3.2 Rule Checklist .................................................................................................................. 13-1 Security Ramifications ..................................................................................................... 13-2 Key Fields For Configuring Rules.................................................................................... 13-2 Connection Direction.........................
Getting Started Part I: Getting Started This part is structured as a step-by-step guide to help you connect, install and setup your ZyWALL to operate on your network and access the Internet.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your ZyWALL This chapter introduces the main features and applications of the ZyWALL. 1.1 The ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 10/50 is a dual Ethernet Internet security gateway integrated with a robust firewall and network management features designed for home offices and small businesses to access the Internet via cable/ADSL modem or Internet router.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway You can configure most features of the ZyWALL via SMT but we recommend you configure the firewall and Content Filters using the ZyWALL web configurator. Content Filtering The ZyWALL can block web features such as ActiveX controls, Java applets and cookies, as well as disable web proxies. The ZyWALL can also block specific URLs by using the keyword feature. Packet Filtering The Packet Filtering mechanism blocks unwanted traffic from entering/leaving your network.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Network Address Translation (NAT) NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) allows the translation of an Internet Protocol address used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. Port Forwarding Use this feature to forward incoming service requests to a server on your local network. You may enter a single port number or a range of port numbers to be forwarded, and the local IP address of the desired server.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 1.3 Applications 1.3.1 Secure Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem A cable modem or xDSL modem can connect to the ZyWALL 10/50 for broadband Internet access via Ethernet port on the modem. It provides not only high speed Internet access, but secured internal network protection and management as well.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 1.3.2 VPN Application ZyWALL VPN is an ideal cost-effective way to connect branch offices and business partners over the Internet without the need (and expense) for leased lines between sites.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 2 Hardware Installation This chapter explains the LEDs and ports as well as how to connect the hardware and perform the initial setup. 2.1 Front Panel LEDs and Back Panel Ports 2.1.1 Front Panel LEDs The LEDs on the front panel indicate the operational status of the ZyWALL. Figure 2-1 Front Panel The following table describes LED functions.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 2-1 LED Descriptions LED 100M LAN 10M WAN FUNCTION LAN WAN 100M WAN WAN (ZyWALL 50) 2.2 COLOR Orange Green Orange STATUS MEANING Flashing The 10M LAN is sending/receiving packets. Off The 100M LAN is not connected. On The ZyWALL is connected to a 100Mbps LAN. Flashing The 100M LAN is sending/receiving packets. Off The 10M WAN is not connected. On The ZyWALL is connected to a 10M WAN. Flashing The 10M WAN is sending/receiving packets.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 2-2 ZyWALL 10 Rear Panel and Connections Hardware Installation 2-3
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 2-3 ZyWALL 50 Rear Panel and Connections This section outlines how to connect your ZyWALL 10/50 to the LAN and the WAN. If you want to connect a cable modem you must connect the coaxial cable from your cable service to the threaded coaxial cable connector on the back of the cable modem. Connect an xDSL modem to the xDSL wall jack. See also the Appendices for important safety instructions when making connections to the ZyWALL. Step 1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway port) of your computer. You can use an extension RS-232 cable if the enclosed one is too short. After the initial setup, you can modify the configuration remotely through telnet connections. Step 2. Connecting the ZyWALL to the Broadband Modem Step 2a. Connecting the ZyWALL to the cable modem: Connect the 10/100 WAN port on the ZyWALL to the Ethernet port on the cable modem using the Ethernet cable that came with your cable modem.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 2.3 Additional Installation Requirements In addition to the contents of your package, there are other hardware and software requirements you need before you can install and use your ZyWALL. These requirements include: 1. A computer with an Ethernet NIC (Network Interface Card) installed. 2. A computer equipped with communications software configured to the following parameters: ♦ VT100 terminal emulation. ♦ 9600 Baud.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 3 Initial Setup This chapter explains how to perform initial ZyWALL setup and gives an overview of SMT menus. 3.1 Turning On Your ZyWALL At this point, you should have connected the console port, the LAN port, the WAN port and the power port to the appropriate devices or lines. Plug the power adapter into a wall outlet. The PWR LED should turn on. The SYS LED will turn on after the system tests are complete.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Enter Password : XXXX Figure 3-2 Password Screen 3.2 Navigating the SMT Interface The SMT (System Management Terminal) is the interface that you use to configure your ZyWALL. Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.2.1 Main Menu After you enter the password, the SMT displays the ZyWALL Main Menu, as shown next. Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. ZyWALL 10/50 Main Menu Getting Started 1. 2. 3. 4. Advanced Management General Setup WAN Setup LAN Setup Internet Access Setup Advanced Applications 11. Remote Node Setup 12. Static Routing Setup 15. NAT Setup 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 27.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 3-2 Main Menu Summary NO. MENU TITLE FUNCTION 23 System Password Change your password in this menu (recommended). 24 System Maintenance From displaying system status to uploading firmware, this menu provides comprehensive system maintenance. 26 Schedule Setup Use this menu to schedule outgoing calls. 27 VPN/ IPSec Setup Use this menu to configure VPN connections. 99 Exit Use this menu to exit (necessary for remote configuration).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 3-5 Advanced Management SMT Menus 3-6 Initial Setup
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 3-6 IPSec VPN Configuration SMT Menus 3.3 Changing the System Password The first thing you should do is change the default system password by following the steps shown next. Step 1. Enter 23 in the main menu to open Menu 23 - System Password as shown below. Menu 23 - System Password Old Password= ? New Password= ? Retype to confirm= ? Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 3-7 Menu 23 — System Password Step 2. Step 3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Re-type your new system password for confirmation and press [ENTER]. Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an (X) for each character you type. 3.4 Resetting the ZyWALL If you forget your password or cannot access the ZyWALL, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file. Uploading this configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the factorydefault configuration file.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3.4.2 Procedure To Use The Reset Button Make sure the SYS led is on (not blinking) before you begin this procedure. 1. 2. Press the RESET button for ten seconds, then release it. If the SYS LED begins to blink, the defaults have been restored and the ZyWALL restarts. Otherwise, go to step 2. Turn the ZyWALL off. 3. 4. While pressing the RESET button, turn the ZyWALL on. Continue to hold the RESET button.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 4 General and WAN Setup Menu 1 - General Setup contains administrative and system-related information. Clone a LAN computer MAC address in the Menu 2 - WAN Setup. 4.1 System Name System Name is for identification purposes. ZyXEL recommends you enter your computer’s “Computer name”. • In Windows 95/98 click Start -> Settings -> Control Panel and then double-click Network.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway IP address that changes each time you reconnect. Your friends or relatives will always be able to call you even if they don’t know your IP address. First of all, you need to have registered a dynamic DNS account with www.dyndns.org. This is for people with a dynamic IP from their ISP or DHCP server that would still like to have a DNS name. To use this service, you must register with the Dynamic DNS service provider.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Domain Name Enter the domain name (if you know it) here. If you leave this field blank, the ISP may assign a domain name via DHCP. You can go to menu 24.8 and type "sys domain name" to see the current domain name used by your router. zyxel.com.tw If you want to clear this field just press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER]. The domain name entered by you is given priority over the ISP assigned domain name.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press [ENTER] to make dynamic DNS active. DDNS Type Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select DynamicDNS if you have a dynamic IP address(es). Select StaticDNS if you have a static IP address(s). Yes DynamicDNS (default) Select CustomDNS to have dyns.org provide DNS service for a domain name that you already have from a source other than dyndns.org. At the time of writing, dyndns.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway If you have a private WAN IP address, then you cannot use Dynamic DNS. 4.4 WAN Setup This section describes how to configure the WAN using Menu 2 — WAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 2 to open menu 2. ZyXEL recommends you configure this menu even if your ISP does not require MAC address authentication.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD IP Address DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE This field is applicable only if you choose the IP Address attached on LAN method. Enter the IP address of the computer on the LAN whose MAC you are cloning. N/A When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 5 LAN Setup This chapter describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 – LAN Setup. 5.1 Introduction This section describes how to configure the LAN using Menu 3 — LAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 3 to open menu 3. Menu 3 - LAN Setup 1. 2. LAN Port Filter Setup TCP/IP and DHCP Setup Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 5-1 Menu 3 — LAN Setup 5.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.1 Factory LAN Defaults The LAN parameters of the ZyWALL are preset in the factory with the following values: 1. IP address of 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits). 2. DHCP server enabled with 32 client IP addresses starting from 192.168.1.33. These parameters should work for the majority of installations. If your ISP gives you an explicit DNS server address(es), skip ahead to section 5.4 to see how to enter the DNS server address(es). 5.3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet mask. If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when the connection is established.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 5.3.5 RIP Setup RIP (Routing Information Protocol, RFC1058 and RFC 1389) allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 5.3.7 IP Alias IP Alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks over the same Ethernet interface. The ZyWALL supports three logical LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface with the ZyWALL itself as the gateway for each LAN network. Figure 5-3 Physical Network Figure 5-4 Partitioned Logical Networks Use menu 3.2.1 to configure IP Alias on your ZyWALL. 5.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup DHCP= Server Configuration: Client IP Pool Starting Address= 192.168.1.33 Size of Client IP Pool= 32 Primary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 Secondary DNS Server= 0.0.0.0 DHCP Server Address= N/A TCP/IP Setup: IP Address= 192.168.1.1 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 5-3 DHCP Ethernet Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE DHCP Server If Relay is selected in the DHCP field above, then type in the IP address of Address the actual, remote DHCP server here. Follow the instructions in the following table to configure TCP/IP parameters for the LAN port.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 3.2.1 - IP Alias Setup IP Alias 1= No IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A RIP Direction= N/A Version= N/A Incoming protocol filters= Outgoing protocol filters= IP Alias 2= No IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A RIP Direction= N/A Version= N/A Incoming protocol filters= Outgoing protocol filters= N/A N/A N/A N/A Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 5-7 Menu 3.2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 6 Internet Access This chapter shows you how to configure your ZyWALL for Internet access. 6.1 Internet Access Setup You will see three different menu 4 screens depending on whether you chose Ethernet, PPTP or PPPoE Encapsulation. 6.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation You must choose the Ethernet option when the WAN port is used as a regular Ethernet. The PPPoE choice is for a dial-up connection using PPPoE.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 6-1 Internet Access Setup Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Press [SPACE BAR] and then press [ENTER] to choose Ethernet. The encapsulation method influences your choices for IP Address. Encapsulation Service Type Press [SPACE BAR] to select Standard, RR-Toshiba (RoadRunner Toshiba authentication method) or RR-Manager (RoadRunner Manager authentication method). Choose a RoadRunner flavor if your ISP is Time Warner's RoadRunner; otherwise choose Standard.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The ZyWALL 10/50 supports one PPTP server connection at any given time. 6.1.3 Configuring the PPTP Client To configure a PPTP client, you must configure the My Login and Password fields for a PPP connection and the PPTP parameters for a PPTP connection. After configuring My Login and Password for PPP connection, press [SPACE BAR] in the Encapsulation field in Menu 4 -Internet Access Setup to choose PPTP as your encapsulation option.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway For the service provider, PPPoE offers an access and authentication method that works with existing access control systems (e.g., Radius). For the user, PPPoE provides a login & authentication method that the existing Microsoft Dial-Up Networking software can activate, and therefore requires no new learning or procedures for Windows users.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway If you need a PPPoE service name to identify and reach the PPPoE server, please go to menu 11 and enter the PPPoE service name provided to you in the Service Name field. 6.2 Basic Setup Complete Well done! You have successfully connected, installed and set up your ZyWALL to operate on your network as well as access the Internet.
Advanced Applications Part II: Advanced Applications This part covers Remote Node Setup, IP Static Route Setup and Network Address Translation.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 7 Remote Node Setup This chapter shows you how to configure a remote node. A remote node is required for placing calls to a remote gateway. A remote node represents both the remote gateway and the network behind it across a WAN connection. Note that when you use menu 4 to set up Internet access, you are actually configuring a remote node. We will show you how to configure Menu 11.1 Remote Node Profile, Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options and Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Route= IP Encapsulation= Ethernet Service Type= Standard Service Name= N/A Outgoing: My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Server IP= N/A Edit IP= No Session Options: Edit Filter Sets= No Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 7-1 Menu 11.1 — Remote Node Profile for Ethernet Encapsulation Table 7-1 Fields in Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-1 Fields in Menu 11.1 FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Outgoing Enter the login name assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL calls this remote node. Some ISPs append this field to the Service Name field above (e.g., jim@poellc) to access the PPPoE server. jim My Password Enter the password assigned by your ISP when the ZyWALL calls this remote node. ***** Server IP This field is valid for RoadRunner service type only.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Route= IP Encapsulation= PPPoE Service Type= Standard Service Name= Outgoing= My Login= My Password= ******** Authen= CHAP/PAP Edit IP= No Telco Option: Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Period(hr)= 0 Schedules= Nailed-Up Connection= No Session Options: Edit Filter Sets= No Idle Timeout(sec)= 100 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 7-2 Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-2 Fields in Menu 11.1 (PPPoE Encapsulation Specific) FIELD DESCRIPTION Authen This field sets the authentication protocol used for outgoing calls. EXAMPLE CHAP/PAP Options for this field are: CHAP/PAP - Your ZyWALL will accept either CHAP or PAP when requested by this remote node. CHAP - accept CHAP only. PAP - accept PAP only. Telco Option Allocated Budget The field sets a ceiling for outgoing call time for this remote node.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 7.2 Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulation) Move the cursor to the Edit IP field in menu 11.1, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes. Press [ENTER] to open Menu 11.3 - Network Layer Options. Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-4 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Metric This field is valid only for PPTP/PPPoE encapsulation. The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 7-5 Menu 11.3 — Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic Rem IP Address= N/A Rem Subnet Mask= N/A My WAN Addr= 0.0.0.0 Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= 1 Private= No RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Multicast= None Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Press Space Bar to Toggle. The next table gives you instructions about configuring remote node network layer options.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 7-5 Remote Node Network Layer Options Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Metric The metric represents the “cost” of transmission for routing purposes. IP routing uses hop count as the measurement of cost, with a minimum of 1 for directly connected networks. Enter a number that approximates the cost for this link. The number need not be precise, but it must be between 1 and 15. In practice, 2 or 3 is usually a good number.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Use menu 11.5 to specify the filter set(s) to apply to the incoming and outgoing traffic between this remote node and the ZyWALL to prevent certain packets from triggering calls. You can specify up to 4 filter sets separated by commas, e.g., 1, 5, 9, 12, in each filter field. Note that spaces are accepted in this field. For more information on defining the filters, please refer to the Filters chapter.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 8 IP Static Route Setup This chapter shows you how to configure static routes with your ZyWALL. Static routes tell the ZyWALL routing information that it cannot learn automatically through other means. This can arise in cases where RIP is disabled on the LAN. Each remote node specifies only the network to which the gateway is directly connected, and the ZyWALL has no knowledge of the networks beyond.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 8.1 IP Static Route Setup You configure IP static routes in menu 12. 1 by selecting one of the IP static routes as shown next. Enter 12 Menu 12 - IP Static Route Setup 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ Enter selection number: from the main menu. Figure 8-2 Menu 12 — IP Static Route Setup Now, enter the index number of one of the static routes you want to configure. Menu 12.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The following table describes the IP Static Route Menu fields. Table 8-1 IP Static Route Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Route # This is the index number of the static route that you chose in menu 12. Route Name Enter a descriptive name for this route. This is for identification purposes only. Active This field allows you to activate/deactivate this static route. Destination IP Address This parameter specifies the IP network address of the final destination.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 9 Network Address Translation (NAT) This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the ZyWALL. 9.1 Introduction NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, e.g., the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 9.1.1 NAT Definitions Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the ZyWALL, e.g.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Global This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN. NAT never changes the IP address (either local or global) of an outside host. 9.1.2 What NAT Does In the simplest form, NAT changes the source IP address in a packet received from a subscriber (the inside local address) to another (the inside global address) before forwarding the packet to the WAN side.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-1 How NAT Works 9.1.4 NAT Application The following figure illustrates a possible NAT application, where three inside LANs (logical LANs using IP Alias) behind the ZyWALL can communicate with three distinct WAN networks. More examples follow at the end of this chapter.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-2 NAT Application With IP Alias 9.1.5 NAT Mapping Types NAT supports five types of IP/port mapping. They are: 1. One to One: In One-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps one local IP address to one global IP address. 2. Many to One: In Many-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps multiple local IP addresses to one global IP address. This is equivalent to SUA (i.e.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3. Many to Many Overload: In Many-to-Many Overload mode, the ZyWALL maps the multiple local IP addresses to shared global IP addresses. 4. Many One to One: In Many-One-to-One mode, the ZyWALL maps the each local IP addresses to unique global IP addresses. 5. Server: This type allows you to specify inside servers of different services behind the NAT to be accessible to the outside world.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.2 Using NAT You must create a firewall rule in addition to setting up SUA/NAT, to allow traffic from the WAN to be forwarded through the ZyWALL. 9.2.1 SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT SUA (Single User Account) is a ZyNOS implementation of a subset of NAT that supports two types of mapping, Many-to-One and Server. See section 9.3.1 for a detailed description of the NAT set for SUA.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The following figure shows how you apply NAT to the remote node in menu 11.1. Step 1. Enter 11 from the main menu. Move the cursor to the Edit IP field, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and then press [ENTER] to bring up Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options. Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.3 NAT Setup Use the Address Mapping Sets menus and submenus to create the mapping table used to assign global addresses to computers on the LAN. You can see two NAT Address Mapping sets in menu 15.1. You can only configure Set 1. Set 255 is used for SUA. When you select Full Feature in menu 4 or 11.3, the SMT will use Set 1, which supports all mapping types as outlined in Table 9-2. When you select SUA Only, the SMT will use the pre-configured Set 255 (read only).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway SUA Address Mapping Set Enter 255 to display the next screen (see also section 9.2.1). The fields in this menu cannot be changed. Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= SUA Idx --1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Local Start IP --------------0.0.0.0 Local End IP --------------255.255.255.255 Global Start IP --------------0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Global End IP --------------- Type -----M-1 Server Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-7 Menu 15.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-4 SUA Address Mapping Rules FIELD DESCRIPTION Global End IP This is the ending global IP address (IGA). Type These are the mapping types discussed above (see Table 9-2). Server allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this machine. See later for some examples.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= ? Idx --1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Local Start IP --------------- Local End IP --------------- Action= Edit Global Start IP --------------- Global End IP --------------- Type ------ Select Rule=N/A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-8 Menu 15.1.1 — First Set The Type, Local and Global Start/End IPs are configured in menu 15.1.1.1 (described later) and the values are displayed here.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-5 Fields in Menu 15.1.1 FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Action The default is None. Edit means you want to edit a selected rule (see following field). Insert Before means to insert a rule before the rule selected. The rules after the selected rule will then be moved down by one rule. Delete means to delete the selected rule and then all the rules after the selected one will be advanced one rule. None disables the Select Rule item.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 9-6 Menu 15.1.1.1 — Editing/Configuring an Individual Rule in a Set FIELD DESCRIPTION Type Press [SPACE BAR] to toggle through a total of five types. These are the mapping types discussed in Table 9-2. Server allows you to specify multiple servers of different types behind NAT to this computer. See section 9.5.3 for an example. Local IP Only local IP fields are N/A for server; Global IP fields MUST be set for Server.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway In addition to the servers for specified services, NAT supports a default server. A service request that does not have a server explicitly designated for it is forwarded to the default server. If the default is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. Many residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. Enter 2 to go to Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup. Step 3. Enter a port number in an unused Start Port No field. To forward only one port, enter it again in the End Port No field. To specify a range of ports, enter the last port to be forwarded in the End Port No field. Step 4. Enter the inside IP address of the server in the IP Address field. In the following figure, you have a computer acting as an FTP, Telnet and SMTP server (ports 21, 23 and 25) at 192.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 9-11 Multiple Servers Behind NAT Example 9-16 NAT
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.5 General NAT Examples 9.5.1 Internet Access Only In the following Internet access example, you only need one rule where all your ILAs (Inside Local addresses) map to one dynamic IGA (Inside Global Address) assigned by your ISP.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway From menu 4 shown above, simply choose the SUA Only option from the Network Address Translation field. This is the Many-to-One mapping discussed in section 9.5. The SUA Only read-only option from the Network Address Translation field in menus 4 and 11.3 is specifically pre-configured to handle this case. 9.5.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.2 - NAT Server Setup Rule Start Port No. End Port No. IP Address --------------------------------------------------1. Default Default 192.168.1.10 2. 0 0 0.0.0.0 3. 0 0 0.0.0.0 4. 0 0 0.0.0.0 5. 0 0 0.0.0.0 6. 0 0 0.0.0.0 7. 0 0 0.0.0.0 8. 0 0 0.0.0.0 9. 0 0 0.0.0.0 10. 0 0 0.0.0.0 11. 0 0 0.0.0.0 12. 1026 1026 RR Reserved Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-15 Menu 15.2 — Specifying an Inside Server 9.5.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The example situation looks somewhat like this: Figure 9-16 NAT Example 3 Step 1. In this case you need to configure Address Mapping Set 1 from Menu 15.1 - Address Mapping Sets. Therefore you must choose the Full Feature option from the Network Address Translation field (in menu 4 or menu 11.3) in Figure 9-17. Step 2. Then enter 15 from the main menu. Step 3. Enter 1 to configure the Address Mapping Sets. Step 4. Enter 1 to begin configuring this new set.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 6. Repeat the previous step for rules 2 to 4 as outlined above. Step 7. When finished, menu 15.1.1 should look like as shown in Figure 9-19. Menu 11.3 - Remote Node Network Layer Options IP Address Assignment= Dynamic IP Address= N/A IP Subnet Mask= N/A Gateway IP Addr= N/A Network Address Translation= Full Feature Metric= 1 Private= N/A RIP Direction= None Version= N/A Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL: Figure 9-17 Example 3: Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= Example3 Idx Local Start IP --- --------------1. 192.168.1.10 2 192.168.1.11 3. 0.0.0.0 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Local End IP --------------255.255.255.255 Action= Edit Global Start IP --------------10.132.50.1 10.132.50.2 10.132.50.3 10.132.50.3 Global End IP --------------- Type -----1-1 1-1 M-1 Server Select Rule= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-19 Example 3: Final Menu 15.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 9.5.4 Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs Some applications do not support NAT Mapping using TCP or UDP port address translation. In this case it is better to use Many-One-to-One mapping as port numbers do not change for Many-One-to-One (and One-to-One) NAT mapping types. The following figure illustrates this.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 15.1.1.1 Address Mapping Rule Type= Many-One-to-One Local IP: Start= 192.168.1.10 End = 192.168.1.12 Global IP: Start= 10.132.50.1 End = 10.132.50.3 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 9-22 Example 4: Menu 15.1.1.1 — Address Mapping Rule After you’ve configured your rule, you should be able to check the settings in menu 15.1.1 as shown next. Menu 15.1.1 - Address Mapping Rules Set Name= Example4 Idx --1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Firewall and Content Filters Part III: Firewall and Content Filters Part III introduces firewalls in general and the ZyWALL firewall. It also explains custom ports and logs and gives example firewall rules and an overview of content filtering.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 10 Firewalls This chapter gives some background information on firewalls and explains how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall. 10.1 What Is a Firewall? Originally, the term firewall referred to a construction technique designed to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another. The networking term “firewall” is a system or group of systems that enforces an accesscontrol policy between two networks.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway i. Information hiding prevents the names of internal systems from being made known via DNS to outside systems, since the application gateway is the only host whose name must be made known to outside systems. ii. Robust authentication and logging pre-authenticates application traffic before it reaches internal hosts and causes it to be logged more effectively than if it were logged with standard host logging.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 10-1 ZyWALL Firewall Application 10.4 Denial of Service Denials of Service (DoS) attacks are aimed at devices and networks with a connection to the Internet. Their goal is not to steal information, but to disable a device or network so users no longer have access to network resources. The ZyWALL is pre-configured to automatically detect and thwart all known DoS attacks. 10.4.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway for use over a single port, such as Web on port 80, other ports are also active. If the person configuring or managing the computer is not careful, a hacker could attack it over an unprotected port. Some of the most common IP ports are: Table 10-1 Common IP Ports 21 FTP 53 DNS 23 Telnet 80 HTTP 25 SMTP 110 POP3 10.4.2 Types of DoS Attacks There are four types of DoS attacks: 1. Those that exploit bugs in a TCP/IP implementation. 2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 10-2 Three-Way Handshake Under normal circumstances, the application that initiates a session sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the receiving server. The receiver sends back an ACK (acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK (acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established. 2-a SYN Attack floods a targeted system with a series of SYN packets.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 2-b In a LAND Attack, hackers flood SYN packets into the network with a spoofed source IP address of the targeted system. This makes it appear as if the host computer sent the packets to itself, making the system unavailable while the target system tries to respond to itself. 3. A brute-force attack, such as a "Smurf" attack, targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or subnet broadcasting, to quickly flood the target network with useless data.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 10-3 Legal NetBIOS Commands MESSAGE: REQUEST: POSITIVE: NEGATIVE: RETARGET: KEEPALIVE: All SMTP commands are illegal except for those displayed in the following tables. Table 10-4 Legal SMTP Commands AUTH DATA EHLO ETRN EXPN HELO HELP MAIL QUIT RCPT RSET SAML SEND SOML TURN VRFY NOOP Traceroute Traceroute is a utility used to determine the path a packet takes between two endpoints.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Denies all sessions originating from the WAN to the LAN. Figure 10-5 Stateful Inspection The previous figure shows the ZyWALL’s default firewall rules in action as well as demonstrates how stateful inspection works. User A can initiate a Telnet session from within the LAN and responses to this request are allowed. However other Telnet traffic initiated from the WAN is blocked. 10.5.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3. The packet is inspected by a firewall rule to determine and record information about the state of the packet's connection. This information is recorded in a new state table entry created for the new connection. If there is not a firewall rule for this packet and it is not an attack, then The default action for packets not matching following rules field (see Figure 13-3) determines the action for this packet. 4.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The ability to define firewall rules is a very powerful tool. Using custom rules, it is possible to disable all firewall protection or block all access to the Internet. Use extreme caution when creating or deleting firewall rules. Test changes after creating them to make sure they work correctly. Below is a brief technical description of how these connections are tracked.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway little tracking information. For instance, ICMP redirect packets are never allowed in, since they could be used to reroute traffic through attacking machines. 10.5.5 Upper Layer Protocols Some higher layer protocols (such as FTP and RealAudio) utilize multiple network connections simultaneously.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 10.6.1 Security In General You can never be too careful! Factors outside your firewall, filtering or NAT can cause security breaches. Below are some generalizations about what you can do to minimize them. 1. Encourage your company or organization to develop a comprehensive security plan. Good network administration takes into account what hackers can do and prepares against attacks. The best defense against hackers and crackers is information.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 10.7.1 Packet Filtering: The router filters packets as they pass through the router’s interface according to the filter rules you designed. Packet filtering is a powerful tool, yet can be complex to configure and maintain, especially if you need a chain of rules to filter a service. Packet filtering only checks the header portion of an IP packet. When To Use Filtering 1. To block/allow LAN packets by their MAC address. 2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 3. To selectively block/allow inbound or outbound traffic between inside host/networks and outside host/networks. Remember that filters can not distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP address. 4. The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules. 5. Use the firewall if you need routine e-mail reports about your system or need to be alerted when attacks occur. 6.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 11 Introducing the ZyWALL Firewall This chapter shows you how to get started with the ZyWALL firewall. 11.1 Remote Management and the Firewall When SMT menu 24.11 is configured to allow management from the WAN, it overrides the firewall. See the Remote Management chapter for details. 11.2 Access Methods The web configurator is, by far, the most comprehensive firewall configuration tool your ZyWALL has to offer.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21.2 - Firewall Setup The firewall protects against Denial of Service (DOS) attacks when it is active. The default Policy sets 1. allow all sessions originating from the LAN to the WAN and 2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 11-1 View Firewall Log FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES # This is the index number of the firewall log. 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127. Once they are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost. 23 Time This is the time the log was recorded in this format. You must configure menu 24.10 for real time; otherwise the clock will start at 2000/01/01 00:00:00 the last time the ZyWALL was reset. mm:dd:yy e.g.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 12 Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator This chapter shows you how to configure your firewall with the web configurator. 12.1 Web Configurator Login and Main Menu Screens Use the ZyWALL web configurator, to configure your firewall. To get started, follow the steps shown next. Step 1. Launch your web browser and enter 192.168.1.1 as the URL. Step 2. Enter "1234" (default) as the password and click Login. If a password appears automatically, just click Login.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 12.2 Enabling the Firewall Click Advanced, Firewall, Configuration and then the Config tab. Enable (or activate) the firewall by clicking the Firewall Enabled check box as seen in the following screen. Figure 12-1 Enabling the Firewall 12.3 E-mail The E-mail screen show next, allows you to specify your mail server, where e-mail alerts should be sent as well as when and how often they should be sent. 12.3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 13-4). When an event generates an alert, a message is immediately sent to an e-mail account specified by you. Enter the complete e-mail address to which alert messages will be sent in the E-mail Alerts To field and schedule times for sending alerts in the Log Timer fields in the E-mail screen (following screen). 12.3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12-1 E-mail FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Address Info Mail Server Enter the IP address of your mail server in dotted decimal notation. Your Internet Service Provider (ISP) should be able to provide this information. If this field is left blank, log and alert messages will not be sent via email. Mail Subject Enter a subject that you want to appear in the subject field of your e-mail here (see Figure 12-3).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 12.3.3 SMTP Error Messages If there are difficulties in sending e-mail the following error messages appear. Please see the Support Notes on the included disk for information on other types of error messages. E-mail error messages appear in SMT menu 24.3.1 as "SMTP action request failed. ret= ??". The “??"are described in the following table.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Subject: Firewall Alert From ZyWALL Date: Fri, 07 Apr 2000 10:05:42 From: user@zyxel.com To: user@zyxel.com The date format here is Day-Month-Year. 1|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.1 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward | 09:54:03 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> | 2|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.131 To:192.168.1.255 |default policy |forward | 09:54:17 |UDP src port:00520 dest port:00520 |<1,00> | 3|Apr 7 00 |From:192.168.1.6 To:10.10.10.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 2. The minimum capacity of server backlog in your LAN network. 3. The CPU power of servers in your LAN network. 4. Network bandwidth. 5. Type of traffic for certain servers. If your network is slower than average for any of these factors (especially if you have servers that are slow or handle many tasks and are often busy), then the default values should be reduced.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 2. If the Blocking Time timeout is greater than 0, then the ZyWALL blocks all new connection requests to the host giving the server time to handle the present connections. The ZyWALL continues to block all new connection requests until the Blocking Time expires. The ZyWALL also sends alerts whenever TCP Maximum Incomplete is exceeded. The global values specified for the threshold and timeout apply to all TCP connections.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12-3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES One Minute Low This is the rate of new half-open sessions that causes the firewall to stop deleting half-open sessions. The ZyWALL continues to delete half-open sessions as necessary, until the rate of new connection attempts drops below this number. 80 existing half-open sessions. One Minute High This is the rate of new half-open sessions that causes the firewall to start deleting half-open sessions.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 12-3 Attack Alert FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUES Incomplete host IP address that causes the firewall to start dropping half-open sessions to that same destination host IP address. Enter a number between 1 and 250. As a general rule, you should choose a smaller number for a smaller network, a slower system or limited bandwidth. sessions. Blocking Time When TCP Maximum Incomplete is reached you can choose if the next session should be allowed or blocked.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 13 Creating Custom Rules This chapter contains instructions for defining both Local Network and Internet rules. 13.1 Rules Overview Firewall rules are subdivided into “Local Network” and “Internet”. By default, the ZyWALL’s stateful packet inspection allows all communications to the Internet that originate from the local network, and blocks all traffic to the LAN that originates from the Internet.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 2. Is the intent of the rule to forward or block traffic? 3. What is the direction connection: from the LAN to the Internet, or from the Internet to the LAN? 4. What IP services will be affected? 5. What computers on the LAN are to be affected (if any)? 6. What computers on the Internet will be affected? The more specific, the better.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Source Address What is the connection’s source address; is it on the LAN or WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet? Destination Address What is the connection’s destination address; is it on the LAN or WAN? Is it a single IP, a range of IPs or a subnet? 13.3 Connection Direction This section talks about configuring firewall rules for connections going from LAN to WAN and WAN to LAN in your firewall. 13.3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.3.2 WAN to LAN Rules The default rule for WAN to LAN traffic blocks all incoming connections (WAN to LAN). If you wish to allow certain WAN users to have access to your LAN, you will need to create custom rules to allow it. See the following figure. Figure 13-2 WAN to LAN Traffic 13.4 Rule Summary The fields in the Rule Summary screens are the same for Local Network and Internet, so the discussion below refers to both.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 13-3 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen The following table describes the fields in this screen. Table 13-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS General Name The default action for packets not matching following rules Creating Custom Rules This is the name of the firewall rule set. Type a name to distinguish the LAN-to-WAN filter set from the WAN-toLAN filter set.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-1 Firewall Rules Summary — First Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION Default Policy Log OPTIONS Click this check box to log all matched rules in the ACL default set. The following fields summarize the rules you have created. Note that these fields are read only. Click the tab at the top of the box to order the rules according to that tab. No. Status Source IP Destination IP This is your firewall rule number.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.5 Predefined Services The Available Services list box in the Rule Config(uration) screen (see Figure 13-4) displays all predefined services that the ZyWALL already supports. Next to the name of the service, two fields appear in brackets. The first field indicates the IP protocol type (TCP, UDP, or ICMP). The second field indicates the IP port number that defines the service. (Note that there may be more than one IP protocol type.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION IPSEC_TUNNEL(ESP:0) This service is used by the IPSec ESP (Encapsulation Security Protocol) tunneling protocol. IRC(TCP/UDP:6667) This is another popular Internet chat program. MSN Messenger(TCP:1863) Microsoft Networks’ messenger service uses this protocol. MULTICAST(IGMP:0) Internet Group Multicast Protocol is used when sending packets to a specific group of hosts.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-2 Predefined Services SERVICE DESCRIPTION SNMP(TCP/UDP:161) Simple Network Management Program. SNMPTRAPS(TCP/UDP:162) Traps for use with the SNMP (RFC:1215). SQL-NET(TCP:1521) Structured Query Language is an interface to access data on many different types of database systems, including mainframes, midrange systems, UNIX systems and network servers. SSH(TCP/UDP:22) Secure Shell Remote Login Program. STRM WORKS(UDP:1558) Stream Works Protocol.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 13.5.1 Creating/Editing Firewall Rules To create a new rule, click a number (No.) then click Edit in the last screen shown to display the following screen. Figure 13-4 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule Table 13-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule FIELD Source Address 13-10 DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Click SrcAdd to add a new address, SrcEdit to edit an existing one or SrcDelete to delete one.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-3 Creating/Editing A Firewall Rule FIELD Destination Address DESCRIPTION Click DestAdd to add a new address, DestEdit to edit an existing one or DestDelete to delete one. Please see the following section on adding and editing destination addresses. OPTIONS DestAdd DestEdit DestDelete Please see Table 13-2 for more information on services available.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 13-5 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses 13-12 Creating Custom Rules
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-4 Adding/Editing Source and Destination Addresses FIELD Address Type DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Do you want your rule to apply to packets with a particular (single) IP address, a range of IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.10 to 192.169.1.50), a subnet or any IP address? Select an option from the drop down list box Single Address Range Address Subnet Address Any Address Start IP Address Enter the single IP address or the starting IP address in a range here.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 13-6 Timeout Screen 13-14 Creating Custom Rules
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 13-5 Timeout Menu FIELD DESCRIPTION DEFAULT VALUE TCP Timeout Values Connection Timeout This is the length of time the ZyWALL waits for a TCP session to reach the established state before dropping the session. 30 seconds FIN-Wait Timeout This is the length of time a TCP session remains open after the firewall detects a FIN-exchange (indicating the end of the TCP session).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 14 Custom Ports This chapter covers creating, viewing and editing custom ports. 14.1 Introduction Configure customized ports for services not predefined by the ZyWALL (see Figure 13-4). For a comprehensive list of port numbers and services, visit the IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) website. For further information on these services, please read section 13.5. To configure a custom port, click Custom Ports to bring up the following screen.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 14-1 Custom Ports FIELD DESCRIPTION Customized Services No. This is the number of your customized port. Status Indicates whether ports have already been configured or are still empty. Name This is the name of your customized port. Protocol Port This shows the IP protocol (TCP, UDP or Both) that defines your customized port. This is the port number or range that defines your customized port. Click a custom port number option box (No.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 14.2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port Click Edit in the previous screen to create a new custom port or edit an existing one. This action displays the following screen. Figure 14-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port The next table describes the fields in this screen.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 14-2 Creating/Editing A Custom Port FIELD DESCRIPTION Service Name Enter a unique name for your custom port. Service Type Choose the IP port (TCP, UDP or TCP/UDP) that defines your customized port from the drop down list box. OPTIONS TCP UDP TCP/UDP Port Configuration Type Port Number Click Single to specify one port only or Range to specify a span of ports that define your customized service.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 15 Logs This chapter contains information about using the log screen to view the results of the rules you have configured. 15.1 Log Screen When you configure a new rule you also have the option to log events that match, don’t match (or both) this rule (see Figure 13-4). Click on the Logs to bring up the next screen. Firewall logs may also be viewed in SMT Menu 21.3 (see section 11.3) or via syslog (SMT Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - UNIX Syslog).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 15-1 Log Screen FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES No. This is the index number of the firewall log. 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127. Once they are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be lost. Time This is the time the log was recorded in this format. You must configure menu 24.10 for realtime; otherwise the time shown in these examples is displayed. dd:mm:yy e.g., Jan 1 0 hh:mm:ss e.g.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 16 Example Firewall Rules This chapter gives examples for configuring various rules for WAN to LAN and LAN to WAN. 16.1 Examples Whenever you open a hole in the firewall to forward a service from the Internet to the local network, and NAT is also enabled, you may have to also configure a server behind NAT using SMT menu 15.2. Please see the NAT chapter. 16.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1. Activate the firewall. You may activate the firewall through the web configurator as shown next (click Configuration, the Config tab, then click the Firewall Enabled check box) or through SMT menu 21.2. You can only configure the firewall using the web configurator or CI commands (see Appendices).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. Go to the E-mail screen by clicking Advanced, Firewall, Configuration, then the E-mail tab. Configure the E-mail screen as follows. Enter 10.100.1.2, the IP address of the mail server here. Enter a subject for these e-mails here. This is where the alerts will be sent. This is when an alert will be sent.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Configure your firewall rule as shown in the following screen. The default firewall blocks all Internet traffic entering our local network, but you want to create a hole for web service from the Internet. Click Internet and go to the Rule Summary. Configure this screen as shown. This is an Internet to Local Network rule. Click Apply when you have finished editing screens.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Click DestAdd in the previous screen to configure the destination address as the IP of your server on the LAN. 10.100.1.2 is the IP of our server on the LAN (supporting FTP, HTTP, Telnet and mail services) to which we wish to forward traffic originating from the Internet. Click Apply to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 5. When you have finished configuring your rules, the Rule Summary screen should look like this. Click Apply in this screen to save your configuration back to the ZyWALL. Block packets that don’t match the rules specified below. The first rule is a default rule to allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL. The second rule is what we configured in the last two screens.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway i. A mail server with an IP of 192.168.10.2. ii. Two FTP servers. You want FTP server 1 (IP of 192.168.10.3) to be accessible from the Internet, but FTP server 2 (192.168.10.4) may only be accessed by internal users, i.e., from the local network. iii. HTTP proxy server at 192.168.10.5. You want: i. To send alerts when there is an attack. ii. To only allow access to the Internet from the HTTP proxy server and your mail server. iii.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Now you want to restrict access to the Internet except for the HTTP proxy server and your mail server. First you need to create a custom port for POP3. POP (Post Office Protocol) is an Internet mail server protocol that provides an incoming message storage system. It works in conjunction with the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), which provides the message transport services required to move mail from one system to another.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Network to see the Rule Summary screen. Now click an available No. (rule number) button, then click Edit to bring up the next screen. Step 5. Click SrcAdd under the Source Address box and enter the IP address of the mail server (192.168.10.2) in the same fashion as in Figure 16-4. You want to forward packets that match these rules. This is the IP address of your mail server. Click Apply when finished. You select these mail services.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 7. The Rule Summary screen should look like Figure 16-9. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. Rule 1 forwards SMTP and POP traffic from the mail server and Rule 2 forwards HTTP traffic from the proxy web server. This rule will not generate a log. Click Apply to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. Check this box to log all matched rules in the ACL Default Set.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway screen. Now click on the DestAdd button under the Destination Address box and enter the IP of FTP server One (192.168.10.3). Step 9. On completing the procedure the Rule Summary for this Internet firewall rule should look like the following screen. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. IP address of the FTP server to which traffic from the Internet will be forwarded.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 16.1.3 Example 3: DHCP Negotiation and Syslog Connection from the Internet The following are some Internet firewall rule examples that allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL and allow a syslog connection1 from the Internet. Follow the procedure shown next to first configure a custom port. Step 1. Click the Custom Ports link and then click Edit to display the following screen. Figure 16-11 Custom Port for Syslog 1 Syslog is now a predefined service.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Custom ports show up with an “*” before their names in the Services list box and the Rule Summary list box. Click Apply after you’ve created your custom port. Step 2. Follow the procedures outlined in the previous examples to configure all your rules. You should configure the rule configuration screen like the one below and apply it. This is the address range of the syslog servers. Click Apply when finished. This is your Syslog custom port.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. On completing the configuration procedure for these Internet firewall rules, the Rule Summary screen should look like the following. Don’t forget to click Apply when you have finished configuring your rule(s) to save your settings back to the ZyWALL. Rule 1: Allow DHCP negotiation between the ISP and the ZyWALL. Rule 2: Allow a syslog connection from the WAN. Click Apply to save your settings back to the ZyWALL.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 17 Content Filtering This chapter provides a brief overview of content filtering using the web embedded configurator. For more detailed information, consult the embedded HTML help. Internet content filtering allows schools and businesses to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to their needs. Content filtering is the ability to block certain web features or specific URLs and should not be confused with packet filtering via SMT menu 21.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 17.4 Customizing Customize the content filter list by adding or removing specific sites from the filter list. 17.5 Keywords The ZyWALL can also be configured to block certain Web sites by using URL keywords. 17.
Advanced Management Part IV: Advanced Management This part provides information on Filter Configuration, SNMP Configuration, System Information and Diagnosis, Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance, System Maintenance and Information and Remote Management.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 18 Filter Configuration This chapter shows you how to create and apply filters. 18.1 About Filtering Your ZyWALL uses filters to decide whether to allow passage of a data packet and/or to make a call. There are two types of filter applications: data filtering and call filtering. Filters are subdivided into device and protocol filters, which are discussed later. Data filtering screens the data to determine if the packet should be allowed to pass.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Call Filtering Outgoing Packet No match Data Match Drop packet No match Built-in default Call Filters User-defined Call Filters (if applicable) Match No match Active Data Send packet and reset Idle Timer Match Drop packet if line not up Initiate call if line not up Drop packet if line not up Or Or Send packet but do not reset Idle Timer Send packet but do not reset Idle Timer Figure 18-1 Outgoing Packet Filtering Process For incoming packets, your Z
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Start Packet into filter Fetch First Filter Set Filter Set Fetch Next Filter Set Fetch First Filter Rule Fetch Next Filter Rule Yes Yes Next Filter Set Available? No Next filter Rule Available? No Active? Yes No Check Next Rule Execute Filter Rule Forward Drop Drop Packet Accept Packet Figure 18-2 Filter Rule Process Filter Configuration 18-3
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway You can apply up to four filter sets to a particular port to block multiple types of packets. With each filter set having up to six rules, you can have a maximum of 24 rules active for a single port. 18.2 Configuring a Filter Set To configure a filter set, follow the procedure below. For more information on menus 21.2 and 21.3, please see the firewall chapters. Step 1. Select option 21. Filter Set Configuration from the main menu to open menu 21.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21.1 - Filter Set Configuration Filter Set # -----1 2 3 4 5 6 Comments ----------------_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Filter Set # -----7 8 9 10 11 12 Comments ----------------_______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Enter Filter Set Number to Configure= 0 Edit Comments= N/A Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 18-5 Menu 21.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.2.1 Filter Rules Summary Menu This screen shows the summary of the existing rules in the filter set. The following tables contain a brief description of the abbreviations used in the previous menus. Table 18-1 Abbreviations Used in the Filter Rules Summary Menu FIELD DESCRIPTION # The filter rule number: 1 to 6. A Active: “Y” means the rule is active. “N” means the rule is inactive. Type The type of filter rule: “GEN” for Generic, “IP” for TCP/IP.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-2 Rule Abbreviations Used ABBREVIATION DP DESCRIPTION Destination Port number GEN Off Offset Len Length Refer to the next section for information on configuring the filter rules. 18.2.2 Configuring a Filter Rule To configure a filter rule, type its number in Menu 21.1 - Filter Rules Summary and press [ENTER] to open menu 21.1.1 for the rule. To speed up filtering, all rules in a filter set must be of the same class, i.e.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 21.1.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Filter #: 1,1 Filter Type= TCP/IP Filter Rule Active= Yes IP Protocol= 0 IP Source Route= No Destination: IP Addr= IP Mask= Port #= Port # Comp= None Source: IP Addr= IP Mask= Port #= Port # Comp= None TCP Estab= N/A More= No Log= None Action Matched= Check Next Rule Action Not Matched= Check Next Rule Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle. Figure 18-7 Menu 21.1.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD Port # Comp DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Select the comparison to apply to the destination port in the packet against the value given in Destination: Port #. None Less Greater Equal Not Equal Source IP Address IP Mask Enter the source IP Address of the packet you wish to filter. This field is ignored if it is 0.0.0.0. 0.0.0.0 Enter the IP mask to apply to the Source: IP Addr. 0.0.0.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-3 TCP/IP Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Drop Action Not Matched Select the action for a packet not matching the rule. Check Next Rule Forward Drop Press [SPACE BAR] to select properties for fields that do not need to be typed in. When you have Menu 21.1.1.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule configured, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Packet into IP Filter Filter Active? No Yes Apply SrcAddrMask to Src Addr Check Src IP Addr Not Matched Matched Apply DestAddrMask to Dest Addr Check Dest IP Addr Not Matched Matched Check IP Protocol Not Matched Matched Check Src & Dest Port Not Matched Matched More? Yes No Action Matched Drop Drop Packet Action Not Matched Check Next Rule Check Next Rule Drop Forward Forward Check Next Rule Accept Packet Figure 18-8 Executing an IP Filter Filter C
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.2.4 Generic Filter Rule This section shows you how to configure a generic filter rule. The purpose of generic rules is to allow you to filter non-IP packets. For IP, it is generally easier to use the IP rules directly. For generic rules, the ZyWALL treats a packet as a byte stream as opposed to an IP or IPX packet. You specify the portion of the packet to check with the Offset (from 0) and the Length fields, both in bytes.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Filter # This is the filter set, filter rule co-ordinates, i.e., 2,3 refers to the second filter set and the third rule of that set. Filter Type Use [SPACE BAR] to select a rule type. Parameters displayed below each type will be different. TCP/IP filter rules are used to filter IP packets while generic filter rules allow filtering of non-IP packets.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 18-4 Generic Filter Rule Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION OPTIONS Once you have completed filling in Menu 21.4.1.1 - Generic Filter Rule, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm” to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel. This data will now be displayed on Menu 21.1.1 - Filter Rules Summary. 18.3 Example Filter Let’s look at an example to block outside users from telnetting into the ZyWALL.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Enter a descriptive name or comment in the Edit Comments field and press [ENTER]. Step 5. Press [ENTER] at the message [Press ENTER to confirm] to open Menu 21.1.3 - Filter Rules Summary. Step 6. Enter 1 to configure the first filter rule (the only filter rule of this set). Make the entries in this menu as shown in the following figure. Menu 21.1.3.1 - TCP/IP Filter Rule Press [SPACE BAR] to choose this filter rule type.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway When you press [ENTER] to confirm, you will see the following screen. Note that there is only one filter rule in this set. Menu 21.1.3 - Filter Rules Summary # 1 2 3 4 5 6 A Type Filter Rules M m n - ---- --------------------------------------------------------------- - - Y IP Pr=6, SA=0.0.0.0, DA=0.0.0.0, DP=23 N D F N N N N N Enter Filter Rule Number (1-6) to Configure: 1 This shows you that you have M = N means an action can be taken immediately.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.4 Filter Types and NAT There are two classes of filter rules, Generic Filter (Device) rules and Protocol Filter (TCP/IP) rules. Generic Filter rules act on the raw data from/to LAN and WAN. Protocol Filter rules act on the IP packets. Generic and TCP/IP filter rules are discussed in more detail in the next section.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 18.6 Applying a Filter and Factory Defaults This section shows you where to apply the filter(s) after you design it (them). Sets of factory default filter rules have been configured in menu 21 to prevent NetBIOS traffic from triggering calls, and block incoming telnet, FTP and HTTP connections. If you do not activate the firewall, it is advisable to apply these default filters as shown next. 18.6.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway numbers separated by commas. See the appendix on filter commands for information on the factory default NetBIOS filter. Menu 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 19 SNMP Configuration This chapter discusses SNMP for network management and monitoring. 19.1 About SNMP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of TCP/IP protocol suite. Your ZyWALL supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the ZyWALL through the network. The ZyWALL supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 19-1 SNMP Management Model An SNMP managed network consists of two main components: agents and a manager. An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the ZyWALL). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 19-1 General SNMP Commands COMMAND DESCRIPTION Get Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent. GetNext Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations. Set Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration SNMP: Get Community= public Set Community= public Trusted Host= 0.0.0.0 Trap: Community= public Destination= 0.0.0.0 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 19-2 Menu 22 — SNMP Configuration The following table describes the SNMP configuration parameters.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 19.4 SNMP Traps The ZyWALL will send traps to the SNMP manager when any one of the following events occurs: Table 19-3 SNMP Traps TRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION 0 coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (power on). 1 warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (software reboot).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 20 System Information & Diagnosis This chapter covers SMT menus 24.1 to 24.4. This chapter covers the diagnostic tools that help you to maintain your ZyWALL. These tools include updates on system status, port status, log and trace capabilities and upgrades for the system software. Select menu 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance, as shown below. Menu 24 - System Maintenance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. In this menu, enter 1 to open System Maintenance - Status. Step 3. There are three commands in Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status. Entering 1 drops the WAN connection, 9 resets the counters and [ESC] takes you back to the previous screen. Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status Status 10M/Half 10M/Half Port WAN LAN Port: WAN LAN RxPkts TxPkts 67 289 299 220 Ethernet Address 00:a0:c5:21:8c:a3 00:a0:c5:21:8c:a2 Tx B/s 74 74 Cols 0 0 IP Address x.y.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-1 System Maintenance — Status Menu Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Tx B/s Shows the transmission speed in Bytes per second on this port. Rx B/s Shows the reception speed in Bytes per second on this port. Up Time Total amount of time the line has been up. Ethernet Address The Ethernet address of the port listed on the left. IP Address The IP address of the port listed on the left. IP Mask The IP mask of the port listed on the left.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.2 - System Information and Console Port Speed 1. System Information 2. Console Port Speed Please enter selection: Figure 20-3 Menu 24.2 — System Information and Console Port Speed 20.2.1 System Information System Information gives you information about your system as shown below. More specifically, it gives you information on your routing protocol, Ethernet address, IP address, etc. Menu 24.2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-2 Fields in System Maintenance — Information FIELD DESCRIPTION IP Address This is the IP address of the ZyWALL in dotted decimal notation. IP Mask This shows the IP mask of the ZyWALL. DHCP This field shows the DHCP setting of the ZyWALL. When finished viewing, press [ESC] or [ENTER] to exit. 20.2.2 Console Port Speed You can change the speed of the console port through Menu 24.2.2 – Console Port Speed.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 1. Select option 24 from the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Step 2. From menu 24, select option 3 to open Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace. Step 3. Select the first option from Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace to display the error log in the system. After the ZyWALL finishes displaying, you will have the option to clear the error log. Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace 1. View Error Log 2.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 20.3.2 UNIX Syslog The ZyWALL uses the UNIX syslog facility to log the CDR (Call Detail Record) and system messages to a syslog server. Syslog and accounting can be configured in Menu 24.3.2 - System Maintenance - Syslog and Accounting, as shown next. Menu 24.3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 20-3 System Maintenance Menu Syslog Parameters PARAMETER DESCRIPTION Filter log No filters are logged when this field is set to No. Filters with the individual filter Log Filter field set to Yes (Menu 21.x.x).) are logged when this field is set to Yes. PPP log PPP events are logged when this field is set to Yes. When set to Yes, the ZyWALL sends the firewall log to a syslog server.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Data=4500003c100100001f010004c0a86614ca849a7b08004a5c020001006162636465666768696a6b6c6d6e6f7071727374 Jul 19 11:28:56 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=4500002c1b0140001f06b50ec0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b3e00000000600220008cd40000020405b 4 Jul 19 11:29:06 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: Packet Trigger: Protocol=1, Data=45000028240140001f06ac12c0a86614ca849a7b0427001700195b451d1430135004000077600000 3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Proto = LCP / ATCP / BACP / BCP / CBCP / CCP / CHAP/ PAP / IPCP / IPXCP Jul 19 11:42:44 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:LCP Closing Jul 19 11:42:49 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:IPCP Closing Jul 19 11:42:54 192.168.102.2 ZyXEL: ppp:CCP Closing 5. Firewall log Firewall Log Message Format sdcmdSyslogSend(SYSLOG_FIREWALL, SYSLOG_NOTICE, buf); buf = IP[Src=xx.xx.xx.xx : spo=xxxx Dst=xx.xx.xx.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway IP Frame: ENET0-RECV Size: Frame Type: IP Header: IP Version Header Length Type of Service Total Length Identification Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum Source IP Destination IP TCP Header: Source Port Destination Port Sequence Number Ack Number Header Length Flags Window Size Checksum Urgent Ptr Options 0000: 02 04 02 00 RAW DATA: 0000: 45 0010: 00 0020: 60 Press any key 00 00 02 to 44/ 44 Time: 17:02:44.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic TCP/IP 1. Ping Host 2. WAN DHCP Release 3. WAN DHCP Renewal 4. 4. Internet Setup Test System 11. Reboot System Enter Menu Selection Number: Host IP Address= N/A Figure 20-10 Menu 24.4 — System Maintenance — Diagnostic Follow the procedure below to get to Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance – Diagnostic. Step 1. From the main menu, select option 24 to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance. Step 2. From this menu, select option 4.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 20-11 WAN & LAN DHCP The following table describes the diagnostic tests available in menu 24.4 for your ZyWALL and associated connections. Table 20-4 System Maintenance Menu Diagnostic FIELD DESCRIPTION Ping Host Enter 1 to ping any machine (with an IP address) on your LAN or WAN. Enter its IP address in the Host IP Address field below. WAN DHCP Release Enter 2 to release your WAN DHCP settings. WAN DHCP Renewal Enter 3 to renew your WAN DHCP settings.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 21 Firmware and Configuration Maintenance This chapter tells you how to back up and restore your configuration file as well as upload new firmware and a new configuration file. 21.1 Filename Conventions The configuration file (often called the romfile or rom-0) contains the factory default settings in the menus such as password, DHCP Setup, TCP/IP Setup, etc. It arrives from ZyXEL with a “rom” filename extension.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway you have uploaded the correct firmware version. The AT command is the command you enter after you press “y” when prompted in the SMT menu to go into debug mode. Table 21-1 Filename Conventions FILE TYPE INTERNAL NAME EXTERNAL NAME DESCRIPTION Configuration File Rom-0 *.rom This is the configuration filename on the ZyWALL.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.5 - System Maintenance - Backup Configuration To transfer the configuration file to your workstation, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your router. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested. 3. Locate the 'rom-0' file. 4. Type 'get rom-0' to back up the current System configuration to your workstation.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 16384 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec. ftp> quit Figure 21-2 FTP Session Example 21.2.4 GUI-Based FTP Clients The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUI-Based FTP clients.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway • There is an SMT console session running. • The firewall is active. The default firewall policies block all traffic from the WAN, so to enable TFTP over the WAN, you must turn the firewall off (menu 21.2) or create a firewall rule to allow TFTP from the WAN. 21.2.6 Backup Configuration Using TFTP The ZyWALL supports the up/downloading of the firmware and the configuration file using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) over LAN.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway TFTP [-i] host get rom-0 config.rom where “i” specifies binary image transfer mode (use this mode when transferring binary files), “host” is the ZyWALL IP address, “get” transfers the file source on the ZyWALL (rom-0 name of the configuration file on the ZyWALL) to the file destination on the computer and renames it config.rom. 21.2.8 GUI-Based TFTP Clients The following table describes some of the fields that you may see in GUI-Based TFTP clients.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 2. The following screen indicates that the Xmodem download has started. You can enter ctrl-x to terminate operation any time. Starting XMODEM download... Figure 21-4 System Maintenance — Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3. Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer, then Receive File as shown in the following screen. Type a location for storing the configuration file or click Browse to look for one. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Receive.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FTP is the preferred methods for restoring your current computer configuration to your ZyWALL since it is faster. Please note that you must wait for the system to automatically restart after the file transfer is complete. WARNING! DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYWALL. WHEN THE RESTORE CONFIGURATION PROCESS IS COMPLETE, THE ZYWALL WILL AUTOMATICALLY RESTART. 21.3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 3. Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username. Step 4. Enter your password as requested (the default is “1234”). Step 5. Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary. Step 6. Find the “rom” file (on your computer) that you want to restore to your ZyWALL. Step 7. Use "put" to transfer files from the Prestige to the computer, for example, "put config.rom rom0" transfers the configuration file "config.rom" on your computer to the Prestige.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Starting XMODEM download (CRC mode) ... CCCCCCCCC Figure 21-10 System Maintenance — Starting Xmodem Download Screen Step 3. Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Transfer, then Receive File as shown in the following screen. Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Send. Figure 21-11 Restore Configuration Example Step 4. After a successful restoration you will see the following screen.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway WARNING! DO NOT INTERUPT THE FILE TRANSFER PROCESS AS THIS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR ZYWALL. 21.4.1 Firmware File Upload FTP is the preferred method for uploading the firmware and configuration. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client. When you telnet into the ZyWALL, you will see the following screens for uploading firmware and the configuration file using FTP. Menu 24.7.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File To upload the system configuration file, follow the procedure below: 1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation. 2. Type "open" and the IP address of your system. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested. 3.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 7. Enter “quit” to exit the FTP prompt. 21.4.4 FTP Session Example of Firmware File Upload 331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> put firmware.bin ras 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 1103936 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds 297.89Kbytes/sec.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Step 4. Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the ZyWALL. Set the transfer mode to binary before starting data transfer. Step 5. Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the ZyWALL and the computer. The file name for the firmware is “ras”. Note that the telnet connection must be active and the ZyWALL in CI mode before and during the TFTP transfer.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware To upload System firmware: 1. Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode. 2. Enter "atur" after "Enter Debug Mode" message. 3. Wait for "Starting XMODEM upload" message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal. 4. After successful firmware upload, enter "atgo" to restart the router. Warning: Proceeding with the upload will erase the current router firmware.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 21.4.10 Step 1. Uploading a Configuration File Via Console Port Select 2 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File. Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen. Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File To upload System configuration file: 1. Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode. 2. Enter "atlc" after "Enter Debug Mode" message.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it. Choose the Xmodem protocol. Then click Send. Figure 21-19 Example Xmodem Upload After the configuration upload process has completed, restart the ZyWALL by entering “atgo”.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 22 System Maintenance & Information This chapter leads you through SMT menus 24.8 to 24.11. 22.1 Command Interpreter Mode The Command Interpreter (CI) is a part of the main system firmware. The CI provides much of the same functionality as the SMT, while adding some low-level setup and diagnostic functions. Enter the CI from the SMT by selecting menu 24.8.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Copyright (c) 1994 - 2001 ZyXEL Communications Corp. ras> ? Valid commands are: sys exit device ether poe pptp config ip ipsec ppp hdap ras> Figure 22-2 Valid Commands 22.2 Call Control Support The ZyWALL provides two call control functions: budget management and call history. Please note that this menu is only applicable when Encapsulation is set to PPPoE or PPTP in menu 4 or menu 11.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 22.2.1 Budget Management Menu 24.9.1 shows the budget management statistics for outgoing calls. Enter 1 from Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control to bring up the following menu. Menu 24.9.1 - Budget Management Remote Node 1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 22.2.2 Call History This is the second option in Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control. It displays information about past incoming and outgoing calls. Enter 2 from Menu 24.9 - System Maintenance - Call Control to bring up the following menu. Menu 24.9.2 - Call History Phone Number Dir Rate #call Max Min Total 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway on your ZyWALL. Menu 24.10 allows you to update the time and date settings of your ZyWALL. The real time is then displayed in the ZyWALL error logs and firewall logs. Select menu 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 - System Maintenance, as shown next. Menu 24 - System Maintenance 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 22-3 Time and Date Setting Fields FIELD DESCRIPTION Use Time Server when Bootup Enter the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on the ZyWALL. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to check with your ISP/network administrator or use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the format. Daytime (RFC 867) format is day/month/year/time zone of the server.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway ii. When the ZyWALL starts up, if there is a time server configured in menu 24.10. iii. 24-hour intervals after starting.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 23 Remote Management This chapter covers remote management found in SMT menu 24.11. 23.1 Telnet The only way to configure the ZyWALL for remote management is through an SMT session using the console port. Once your ZyWALL is configured, you can use telnet to configure it remotely as shown next. Figure 23-1 Telnet Configuration on a TCP/IP Network 23.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 23.3 Web You can use the ZyWALL’s embedded web configurator for configuration and file management. See the Using the ZyWALL Web Configurator chapter for an introduction to the web configurator. 23.4 Remote Management Remote management control is for managing Telnet, Web and FTP services. You can customize the service port, access interface and the secured client IP address to enhance security and flexibility.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 24.11 - Remote Management Control TELNET Server: Port = 23 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0 FTP Server: Port = 21 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0 Web Server: Port = 80 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0 SNMP Server: Port = 161 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0 DNS Service: Port = 53 Access = LAN only Secured Client IP = 0.0.0.0 Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FIELD Secured Client IP DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE The default value for Secured Client IP is 0.0.0.0, which means you don’t care which host is trying to use a service (Telnet, FTP or Web). 0.0.0.0 If you enter an IP address in this field, the ZyWALL will check if the client IP address matches the value here when a (Telnet, FTP or Web) session is up. If it does not match, the ZyWALL will disconnect the session immediately.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Use the ZyWALL’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN. 23.6 System Timeout There is a system timeout of five minutes (three hundred seconds) for either the console port or telnet/web/FTP connections. Your ZyWALL will automatically log you out if you do nothing in this timeout period, except when it is continuously updating the status in menu 24.1 or when sys stdio has been changed on the command line.
Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec Part V: Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec Part V provides information about Call Scheduling and VPN/IPSec.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 24 Call Scheduling Call scheduling allows you to dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. 24.1 Introduction The call scheduling feature allows the ZyWALL to manage a remote node and dictate when a remote node should be called and for how long. This feature is similar to the scheduler in a video cassette recorder (you can specify a time period for the VCR to record). You can apply up to 4 schedule sets in Menu 11.1 Remote Node Profile.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway To delete a schedule set, enter the set number and press [SPACE BAR] or [DELETE] in the Edit Name field. To setup a schedule set select the schedule set you want to setup from menu 26 (1-12) and press [ENTER] to see Menu 26.1 - Schedule Set Setup as shown next. Menu 26.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 24-1 Schedule Set Setup Fields FIELD Once: Date Weekday: Day DESCRIPTION OPTION If you selected Once in the How Often field above, then enter the date the set should activate here in year-month-date format. If you selected Weekly in the How Often field above, then select the day(s) when the set should activate (and recur) by going to that day(s) and pressing [SPACE BAR] to select Yes, then press [ENTER].
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 11.1 - Remote Node Profile Rem Node Name= ChangeMe Active= Yes Route= IP Encapsulation= PPPoE Service Type= Standard Service Name= N/A Outgoing= My Login= N/A My Password= N/A Server IP= N/A Edit IP= No Telco Option: Allocated Budget(min)= 0 Period(hr)= 0 Schedules= 1,2,3,4 Nailed-Up Connection= No Session Options: Edit Filter Sets= No Idle Timeout(sec)= 100 Apply your schedule sets here.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 25 Introduction to IPSec This chapter introduces the basics of IPSec VPNs. 25.1 Introduction 25.1.1 VPN A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides secure communications between sites without the expense of leased site-to-site lines.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 25-1 Encryption and Decryption Data Confidentiality The IPSec sender can encrypt packets before transmitting them across a network. Data Integrity The IPSec receiver can validate packets sent by the IPSec sender to ensure that the data has not been altered during transmission. Data Origin Authentication The IPSec receiver can verify the source of IPSec packets. This service depends on the data integrity service. 25.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 25-2 VPN Application 25.2 IPSec Architecture The overall IPSec architecture is shown as follows.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 25-3 IPSec Architecture 25.2.1 IPSec Algorithms The ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Protocol (RFC 2406) and AH (Authentication Header) protocol (RFC 2402) describe the packet formats and the default standards for packet structure (including implementation algorithms). The Encryption algorithm describes the use of encryption techniques such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and Triple DES algorithms.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 25.3 Encapsulation The two modes of operation for IPSec VPNs are Transport mode and Tunnel mode. Figure 25-4 Transport and Tunnel Mode IPSec Encapsulation 25.3.1 Transport Mode Transport mode is used to protect upper layer protocols and only affects the data in the IP packet.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway A NAT device in between the IPSec endpoints will rewrite either the source or destination address with one of its own choosing. The VPN device at the receiving end will verify the integrity of the incoming packet by computing its own hash value, and complain that the hash value appended to the received packet doesn't match. The VPN device at the receiving end doesn't know about the NAT in the middle, so it assumes that the data has been maliciously altered.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 26 VPN/IPSec Setup This chapter introduces the VPN SMT menus. 26.1 VPN/IPSec Setup The VPN/IPSec main SMT menu has three main submenus. 1. Define VPN policies in menu 27.1 submenus, including security policies, endpoint IP addresses, peer IPSec router IP address and key management. 2. Menu 27.2 - SA Monitor allows you to manage (refresh or disconnect) your SA connections. 3. View the IPSec connection log in menu 27.4.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27 - VPN/IPSec Setup 1. IPSec Summary 2. SA Monitor 3. View IPSec Log Enter Menu Selection Number: Figure 26-2 Menu 27 — VPN/IPSec Setup 26.2 IPSec Algorithms The ESP and AH protocols are necessary to create a Security Association (SA), the foundation of an IPSec VPN. An SA is built from the authentication provided by the AH and ESP protocols. The primary function of key management is to establish and maintain the SA between systems.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-1 AH and ESP ESP AH Select DES for minimal security and 3DES for maximum. Select NULL to set up a tunnel without encryption. Select MD5 for minimal security and SHA-1 for maximum security. DES (default) Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a widely used method of data encryption using a private (secret) key. DES applies a 56-bit key to each 64-bit block of data. MD5 (default) MD5 (Message Digest 5) produces a 128-bit digest to authenticate packet data.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 26.3.1 My IP Address My IP Addr is the WAN IP address of the ZyWALL. If this field is configured as 0.0.0.0, then the ZyWALL will use the current ZyWALL WAN IP address (static or dynamic) to set up the VPN tunnel. The ZyWALL has to rebuild the VPN tunnel if the My IP Addr changes after setup. 26.3.2 Secure Gateway Address Secure Gateway Addr is the WAN IP address or domain name of the remote IPSec router (secure gateway).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 26-4 Telecommuter’s ZyWALL Configuration Figure 26-5 Headquarters ZyWALL Configuration The Secure Gateway IP Address may be configured as 0.0.0.0 only when using IKE key management and not Manual key management. A ZyWALL with Secure Gateway Address set to 0.0.0.0 can receive multiple VPN connection requests using the same VPN rule at the same time.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1 – IPSec Summary # Name 1 2 3 A Key Mgt -----Taiwan IKE zw50 IKE China IKE Y N N Local Addr Start - Local Addr End Remote Addr Start ----------------192.168.1.35 172.16.2.40 1.1.1.1 4.4.4.4 192.168.1.40 N/A - Remote Addr End --------------192.168.1.38 172.16.2.46 1.1.1.1 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.42 N/A Encap -----Tunnel Tunnel Tunnel IPSec Algorithm Secure GW Addr -----------------ESP DES MD5 193.81.13.2 AH SHA1 zw50test.zyxel. ESP DES MD5 0.0.0.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-3 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary FIELD Local Addr End DESCRIPTION When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup is configured to Single, this is the same (static) IP address as in the Local Addr Start field. EXAMPLE 192.168.1.38 When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup is configured to Range, this is the end (static) IP address, in a range of computers on the LAN behind your ZyWALL. When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-3 Menu 27.1 — IPSec Summary FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE field in SMT 27.1.1 to 0.0.0.0. Remote Addr End When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup is configured to Single, this is the same (static) IP address as in the Remote Addr Start field. 172.16.2.46 When the Addr Type field in Menu 27.1.1 IPSec Setup is configured to Range, this is the end (static) IP address, in a range of computers on the network behind the remote IPSec router.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 26.4 IPSec Setup Select Edit in the Select Command field, type the index number of a rule in the Select Rule field and press [ENTER] to edit the VPN using the menu shown next. Menu 27.1.1 – IPSec Setup Index= 1 Active= Yes Name= Taiwan My IP Addr= 0.0.0.0 Secure Gateway Addr= zw50test.zyxel.com.tw Protocol= 0 Local: Addr Type= SINGLE IP Addr Start= 1.1.1.1 End= Port Start= 0 End= Remote: Addr Type= SUBNET IP Addr Start= 4.4.4.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD My IP Addr DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Enter the WAN IP address of your ZyWALL. The ZyWALL uses its current WAN IP address (static or dynamic) in setting up the VPN tunnel if you leave this field as 0.0.0.0. 0.0.0.0 The VPN tunnel has to be rebuilt if this IP address changes. Secure Gateway Addr Type the WAN IP address or the domain name (up to 31 characters) of the IPSec router with which you’re making the VPN connection.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION Port Start 0 is the default and signifies any port. Type a port number from 0 to 65535. Some of the most common IP ports are: EXAMPLE 0 21, FTP; 53, DNS; 23, Telnet; 80, HTTP; 25, SMTP; 110, POP3 End Enter a port number in this field to define a port range. This port number must be greater than that specified in the previous field. This field is N/A when 0 is configured in the Port Start field.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-4 Menu 27.1.1 — IPSec Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Port Start 0 is the default and signifies any port. Type a port number from 0 to 65535. Some of the most common IP ports are: 0 21, FTP; 53, DNS; 23, Telnet; 80, HTTP; 25, SMTP; 110, POP3. End Enter a port number in this field to define a port range. This port number must be greater than that specified in the previous field. This field is N/A when 0 is configured in the Port Start field.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Figure 26-8 Two Phases to set up the IPSec SA In phase 1 you must: Choose a negotiation mode. Authenticate the connection by entering a pre-shared key. Choose an encryption algorithm. Choose an authentication algorithm. Choose a Diffie-Hellman public-key cryptography key group (DH1 or DH2). Set the IKE SA lifetime. This field allows you to determine how long IKE SA negotiation should proceed before it times out. A value of 0 means IKE SA negotiation never times out.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Aggressive Mode is quicker than Main Mode because it eliminates several steps when the communicating parties are negotiating authentication (phase 1). However the trade-off is that faster speed limits its negotiating power and it also does not provide identity protection. It is useful in remote access situations where the address of the initiator is not know by the responder and both parties want to use pre-shared key authentication. 26.5.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1.1.1 - IKE Setup Phase 1 Negotiation Mode= Main Pre-Shared Key= Encryption algorithm = DES Authentication algorithm = SHA1 SA Life Time (Seconds)= 28800 Key Group= DH1 Phase 2 Active Protocol = ESP Encryption algorithm = DES Authentication algorithm = SHA1 SA Life Time (Seconds)= 28800 Encapsulation = Tunnel Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS)= None Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 26-9 Menu 27.1.1.1 — IKE Setup Table 26-5 Menu 27.1.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-5 Menu 27.1.1.1 — IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE Encryption When DES is used for data communications, both sender and receiver must ALgorithm know the same secret key, which can be used to encrypt and decrypt the message or to generate and verify a message authentication code. ZyWALL DES encryption algorithm uses a 56-bit key. DES Triple DES (3DES), is a variation on DES that uses a 168-bit key. As a result, 3DES is more secure than DES.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-5 Menu 27.1.1.1 — IKE Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION Perfect Forward Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is disabled (None) by default in phase 2 Secrecy (PFS) IPSec SA setup. This allows faster IPSec setup, but is not so secure. Press [SPACE BAR] and choose from DH1 or DH2 to enable PFS. DH1 refers to Diffie-Hellman Group 1 a 768 bit random number. DH2 refers to DiffieHellman Group 2 a 1024 bit (1Kb) random number (more secure, yet slower).
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Menu 27.1.1.2 – Manual Setup Active Protocol= ESP Tunnel ESP Setup SPI= Encryption ALgorithm= DES Key1= Key2= N/A Key3= N/A Authentication ALgorithm= MD5 Key= N/A AH Setup SPI (Decimal)= N/A Authentication ALgorithm= N/A Key= Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Figure 26-10 Menu 27.1.1.2 — Manual Setup Table 26-7 Menu 27.1.1.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 26-7 Menu 27.1.1.2 — Manual Setup FIELD DESCRIPTION Authentication Press [SPACE BAR] to choose from MD5 or SHA1 and then press ALgorithm [ENTER]. Key Enter the authentication key to be used by IPSec if applicable. The key must be unique. Enter 16 characters for MD5 authentication and 20 characters for SHA-1 authentication. Any character may be used, including spaces, but trailing spaces are truncated.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 27 SA Monitor This chapter teaches you how to manage your SAs by using the SA Monitor in SMT menu 27.2. 1.1. Introduction A Security Association (SA) is the group of security settings related to a specific VPN tunnel. This menu (shown next) displays active VPN connections. When there is outbound traffic but no inbound traffic, the SA times out automatically after two minutes. A tunnel with no outbound or inbound traffic is "idle" and does not timeout. 27.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 27-1 Menu 27.2 — SA Monitor FIELD DESCRIPTION # This is the security association index number. Name This field displays the identification name for this VPN policy. This name is unique for each connection where the secure gateway IP address is a public static IP address. EXAMPLE Taiwan When the secure gateway IP address is 0.0.0.0 (as discussed in the last chapter), there may be different connections using this same VPN rule.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 27-1 Menu 27.2 — SA Monitor FIELD DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE configuration, or press [ESC] at any time to cancel.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 28 IPSec Log This chapter interprets common IPSec log messages. 28.1 VPN Initiator IPSec Log To view the IPSec and IKE connection log, type 3 in menu 27 and press [ENTER] to display the IPSec log as shown next. The following figure shows a typical log from the initiator of a VPN connection. Index: Date/Time: Log: -----------------------------------------------------------001 01 Jan 08:02:22 Send Main Mode request to <192.168.100.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 28.2 VPN Responder IPSec Log The following figure shows a typical log from the VPN connection peer. Index: Date/Time: Log: -----------------------------------------------------------001 01 Jan 08:08:07 Recv Main Mode request from <192.168.100.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE Send: DESCRIPTION Recv: IKE uses the ISAKMP protocol (refer to RFC2408 – ISAKMP) to transmit data. Each ISAKMP packet contains payloads of different types that show in the log - see Table 28-3. Phase 1 IKE SA process done Phase 1 negotiation is finished. Start Phase 2: Quick Mode Phase 2 negotiation is beginning using Quick Mode.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28-1 Sample IKE Key Exchange Logs LOG MESSAGE DESCRIPTION !! IKE Packet Retransmit The ZyWALL did not receive a response from the peer and so retransmits the last packet sent. !! Failed to send IKE Packet The ZyWALL cannot send IKE packets due to a network error. !! Too many errors! Deleting SA The ZyWALL deletes an SA when too many errors occur. The following table shows sample log messages during packet transmission.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 28-3 RFC-2408 ISAKMP Payload Types LOG DISPLAY IPSec Log PAYLOAD TYPE TRANS Transform KE Key Exchange ID Identification CER Certificate CER_REQ Certificate Request HASH Hash SIG Signature NONCE Nonce NOTFY Notification DEL Delete VID Vendor ID 28-5
Troubleshooting, Appendices, Glossary and Index Part VI: Troubleshooting, Appendices and Index This part provides Troubleshooting, followed by some Appendices and an Index.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Chapter 29 Troubleshooting This chapter covers potential problems and possible remedies. After each problem description, some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem. Please see our included disk for further information. 29.1 Problems Starting Up the ZyWALL Table 29-1 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of your ZyWALL PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION None of the LEDs are on when you turn on the ZyWALL.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 29.2 Problems with the LAN Interface Table 29-2 Troubleshooting the LAN Interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Can’t ping any workstation on the LAN. Check the 10M/100M LEDs on the front panel. One of these LEDs should be on. If they are both off, check the cables between your ZyWALL and hub or the station. Verify that the IP address and the subnet mask are consistent between the ZyWALL and the workstations. 29.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Table 29-3 Troubleshooting the WAN interface PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION Can’t connect to a remote node or ISP. Check menu 24.1 to verify the line status. If it indicates Down, then refer to the section on the line problems. 29.4 Problems with Internet Access Table 29-4 Troubleshooting Internet Access PROBLEM Cannot access the Internet. CORRECTIVE ACTION Connect your cable / xDSL modem with the ZyWALL using appropriate cable.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway 29.6 Problems with Remote Management Table 29-6 Troubleshooting Remote Management PROBLEM Cannot access the ZyWALL from the LAN or WAN. CORRECTIVE ACTION Refer to the Remote Management Limitations section for scenarios when remote management may not be possible. When NAT is enabled: Use the ZyWALL’s WAN IP address when configuring from the WAN. Use the ZyWALL’s LAN IP address when configuring from the LAN.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix A The Big Picture The following figure gives an overview of how filtering, the firewall, VPN and NAT are related.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix B PPPoE PPPoE in Action An ADSL modem bridges a PPP session over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet, RFC 2516) from your PC to an ATM PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) that connects to a xDSL Access Concentrator where the PPP session terminates (see the next figure). One PVC can support any number of PPP sessions from your LAN. PPPoE provides access control and billing functionality in a manner similar to dial-up services using PPP.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway How PPPoE Works The PPPoE driver makes the Ethernet appear as a serial link to the PC and the PC runs PPP over it, while the modem bridges the Ethernet frames to the Access Concentrator (AC). Between the AC and an ISP, the AC is acting as a L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) LAC (L2TP Access Concentrator) and tunnels the PPP frames to the ISP. The L2TP tunnel is capable of carrying multiple PPP sessions.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix C PPTP What is PPTP? PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a Microsoft proprietary protocol (RFC 2637 for PPTP is informational only) to tunnel PPP frames. How can we transport PPP frames from a PC to a broadband modem over Ethernet? A solution is to build PPTP into the ANT (ADSL Network Termination) where PPTP is used only over the short haul between the PC and the modem over Ethernet.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway PPTP is very similar to L2TP, since L2TP is based on both PPTP and L2F (Cisco’s Layer 2 Forwarding). Conceptually, there are three parties in PPTP, namely the PNS (PPTP Network Server), the PAC (PPTP Access Concentrator) and the PPTP user. The PNS is the box that hosts both the PPP and the PPTP stacks and forms one end of the PPTP tunnel. The PAC is the box that dials/answers the phone calls and relays the PPP frames to the PNS.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway PPP Data Connection The PPP frames are tunneled between the PNS and PAC over GRE (General Routing Encapsulation, RFC 1701, 1702). The individual calls within a tunnel are distinguished using the Call ID field in the GRE header.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix D Hardware Specifications Power Specification I/P AC 120V / 60Hz ; O/P DC 12V 1200 mA MTBF 100000 hrs Operation Temperature 0º C ~ 40º C Ethernet Specification for WAN 10Mbit Half Duplex Ethernet Specification for LAN 10/100 Mbit Half / Full Auto-negotiation Console Port RS – 232 Pin 1 = NON ; Pin 2 = DTE-RXD; Pin 3 = DTE-TXD; Pin 4 = DTE-DTR; Pin 5 = GND; Pin 6 = DTE-DSR; Pin 7 = DTE-RTS; Pin 8 = DTE-CTS; PIN 9 = NON.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix E Important Safety Instructions The following safety instructions apply to the ZyWALL. 1. 2. 3. Be sure to read and follow all warning notices and instructions. The maximum recommended ambient temperature for the ZyWALL is 40º Celsius (104º Fahrenheit).Care must be taken to allow sufficient air circulation or space between units when the ZyWALL is installed inside a closed rack assembly.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix F Boot Commands The BootModule AT commands execute from within the router’s bootup software, when debug mode is selected before the main system firmware (ZyNOS) is started. When you start up your ZyWALL, you are given a choice to go into debug mode by pressing a key at the prompt shown in the following screen.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway ======= Debug AT ATHE ATBAx ATENx,(y) ATSE ATTI(h,m,s) ATDA(y,m,d) ATDS ATDT ATDUx,y ATRBx ATRWx ATRLx ATGO(x) ATGR ATGT ATRTw,x,y(,z) ATSH ATDOx,y ATTD ATUR ATLC ATXSx ATSR Command Listing ======= just answer OK print help change baudrate. 1:38.4k, 2:19.2k, 3:9.6k 4:57.6k 5:115.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix G Command Interpreter The following describes how to use the command interpreter. Enter 24 in the main menu to bring up the system maintenance menu. Enter 8 to go to Menu 24.8 - Command Interpreter Mode. See the included disk or zyxel.com for more detailed information on these commands. Use of undocumented commands or misconfiguration can damage the unit and possibly render it unusable. Command Syntax The command keywords are in courier new font.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix H Firewall Commands The following describes the firewall commands. See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure. FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION Firewall Set-Up config edit firewall active This command turns the firewall on or off. config retrieve firewall This command returns the previously saved firewall settings. config save firewall This command saves the current firewall settings.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config display firewall ? This command shows all of the available firewall sub commands. config edit firewall e-mail mailserver This command sets the IP address to which the email messages are sent. config edit firewall e-mail returnaddr This command sets the source e-mail address of the firewall e-mails.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION Sets COMMAND DESCRIPTION config edit firewall attack block Set this command to yes to block new traffic after the tcp-max-incomplete threshold is exceeded. Set it to no to delete the oldest half-open session when traffic exceeds the tcp-max-incomplete threshold. config edit firewall attack blockminute <0-255> This command sets the number of minutes for new sessions to be blocked when the tcp-maxincomplete threshold is reached.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION Rules T COMMAND DESCRIPTION Config edit firewall set icmp-timeout This command sets the time period to allow an ICMP session to wait for the ICMP response. Config edit firewall set udp-idle-timeout This command sets how long a UDP connection is allowed to remain inactive before the ZyWALL considers the connection closed.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION Config edit firewall set rule log This command sets the ZyWALL to log traffic that matches the rule, doesn't match, both or neither. Config edit firewall set rule alert This command sets whether or not the ZyWALL sends an alert e-mail when a DOS attack or a violation of a particular rule occurs.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway FUNCTION COMMAND DESCRIPTION config edit firewall set rule TCP destport-range This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for TCP traffic with a destination port in this range. config edit firewall set rule UDP destport-single This command sets a rule to have the ZyWALL check for UDP traffic with this destination address.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Appendix I NetBIOS Filter Commands The following describes the NetBIOS packet filter commands. See the Command Interpreter appendix for information on the command structure. Introduction NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) are TCP or UDP broadcast packets that enable a computer to connect to and communicate with a LAN. For some dial-up services such as PPPoE or PPTP, NetBIOS packets cause unwanted calls.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway The filter types and their default settings are as follows. NAME DESCRIPTION DEFAULT LAN to WAN This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are blocked or forwarded from the LAN to the WAN. Forward LAN to DMZ This field displays whether NetBIOS packets are blocked or forwarded from the LAN to the DMZ. Forward IPSec Packets This field displays whether NetBIOS packets sent through a VPN connection are blocked or forwarded.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Command: sys filter netbios config 1 off This command forwards LAN to DMZ NetBIOS packets Command: sys filter netbios config 2 on This command blocks IPSec NetBIOS packets Command: sys filter netbios config 3 off This command stops NetBIOS commands from initiating calls.
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Index A Call Scheduling.............................................. 24-1 Action for Matched Packets ......................... 13-11 maximum number of schedule sets............ 24-1 Activate The Firewall..................................... 16-3 PPPoE ........................................................ 24-3 Alert Schedule................................................ 12-4 Precedence .................................................
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway DYNDNS Wildcard..........................................4-2 Custom Ports E Creating/Editing......................................... 14-3 Introduction ............................................... 14-1 E-mail Customer Support ..............................................vii Log Example ..............................................12-5 Customized Services...................................... 14-2 Mail Server ................................................
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Filters Executing a Filter Rule .............................. 18-2 Logic Flow of an IP Filter........................ 18-10 Firewall Access Methods ......................................... 11-1 Activating................................................... 11-1 Address Type ........................................... 13-13 Alerts.......................................................... 12-2 Connection Direction .................................
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Internet Access via Cable or xDSL Modem .... 1-4 Logs................................................................15-1 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority .. See IANA M Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) ... 10-6 MAC Address......................................... 4-5, 29-2 Internet Security Gateway ....................................i Mail Server .....................................................12-4 IP address....................................
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway O Rear Panel..........................................2-2, 2-3, 2-4 One Minute High ........................................... 12-9 Related Documentation................................ xxxiii One Minute Low ............................................ 12-9 Relay................................................................ 5-6 One-Minute High ........................................... 12-7 Remote Management Online Registration .............................
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Source and Destination Addresses........... 13-11 MIBs...........................................................19-3 Summary.................................................... 13-4 SNMP ( Simple Network Management Protocol) ......................................................................1-2 Timeout.................................................... 13-13 S SA Monitor .................................................... 27-1 Safety Instructions ............
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway TCP Security................................................ 10-10 UNIX Syslog ................................................. 20-7 TCP/IP ... 5-1, 5-2, 5-5, 5-7, 7-7, 7-10, 10-3, 10-4, 18-7, 18-8, 18-10, 18-13, 18-17, 23-1 Upload Firmware ......................................... 21-10 Upper Layer Protocols ...................... 10-10, 10-11 TCP/IP filter rule............................................ 18-7 Teardrop.............................................
ZyWALL 10/50 Internet Security Gateway Introduction ...............................................
