P-660HW-Tx v2 Series 802.11g Wireless ADSL2+ 4-port Gateway Support Notes Version3.40 Mar.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes FAQ .................................................................................................................6 ZyNOS FAQ.................................................................................................6 1. What is ZyNOS? ...................................................................................6 2. What’s Multilingual Embedded Web Configurator?...............................6 3.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 17. What do the ATM QoS Types (CBR, UBR, VBR-nRT, VBR-RT) mean? ................................................................................................................16 18. What is content filter? .......................................................................17 ADSL FAQ .................................................................................................18 1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems?....................................18 2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Wireless FAQ ............................................................................................29 General FAQ...........................................................................................29 1. What is a Wireless LAN?......................................................29 2. What are the advantages of Wireless LAN? .........................29 3. What is the disadvantage of Wireless LAN?.........................29 4. Where can you find 802.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 4. What is the difference between 40-bit and 64-bit WEP?. .....35 5. What is a WEP key?.............................................................35 6. Will 128-bit WEP communicate with 64-bit WEP? ................35 7. Can the SSID be encrypted? ................................................36 8. By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff the SSID? .................................................................................36 9.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files .............118 CI Command Reference .........................................................................121 5 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes FAQ ZyNOS FAQ 1. What is ZyNOS? ZyNOS is ZyXEL's proprietary Network Operating System. It is the platform on all Prestige routers that delivers network services and applications. It is designed in a modular fashion so it is easy for developers to add new features. New ZyNOS software upgrades can be easily downloaded from our FTP sites as they become available. 2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes a. Use the TELNET client program in your PC to login to your P-660HW-Tx v2. b. Enter CI command 'sys stdio 0' to disable Stdio idle timeout c. To upgrade firmware, use TFTP client program to put firmware in file 'ras' in the Prestige. After data transfer is finished, the P-660HW-Tx v2 will program the upgraded firmware into FLASH ROM and reboot itself. d. To backup your firmware, use the TFTP client program to get file 'ras' from the Prestige. 6.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 9. What is SUA? When should I use SUA? SUA (Single User Account) is a unique feature supported by Prestige router which allows multiple people to access Internet concurrently for the cost of a single user account.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 11. Is it possible to access a server running behind SUA from the outside Internet? If possible, how? Yes, it is possible because P-660HW-Tx v2 delivers the packet to the local server by looking up to a SUA server table. Therefore, to make a local server accessible to the outside users, the port number and the inside IP address of the server must be configured. (You can configure it in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> NAT -> Port Forwarding). 12.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • • Many One-to-One: In Many One-to-One mode, the P-660HW-Tx v2 maps each ILA to unique IGA. Server: In Server mode, the P-660HW-Tx v2 maps multiple inside servers to one global IP address. This allows us to specify multiple servers of different types behind the NAT for outside access. Note, if you want to map each server to one unique IGA please use the One-to-One mode. The following table summarizes the five types.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 16. How can I protect against IP spoofing attacks? The P-660HW-Tx v2's filter sets provide a means to protect against IP spoofing attacks. The basic scheme is as follows: For the input data filter: • Deny packets from the outside that claim to be from the inside • Allow everything that is not spoofing us Filter rule setup: • Filter type =TCP/IP Filter Rule • Active =Yes • Source IP Addr =a.b.c.d • Source IP Mask =w.x.y.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Product FAQ 1. How can I manage P-660HW-Tx v2? Multilingual Embedded Web GUI for Local and Remote management CLI (Command-line interface) Telnet support (Administrator Password Protected ) for remote configuration change and status monitoring FTP/ TFTP sever, firmware upgrade and configuration backup and restore are supported(Administrator Password Protected) 2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 5. What is the micro filter or splitter used for? Generally, the voice band uses the lower frequency ranging from 0 to 4KHz, while ADSL data transmission uses the higher frequency. The micro filter acts as a low-pass filter for your telephone set to ensure that ADSL transmissions do not interfere with your voice transmissions. For the details about how to connect the micro filter please refer to the user's manual. 6.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes locations on the Internet. To use the service, you must first apply an account from several free Web servers such as http://www.dyndns.org/. Without DDNS, we always tell the users to use the WAN IP of the P-660HW-Tx v2 to reach our internal server. It is inconvenient for the users if this IP is dynamic. With DDNS supported by the P-660HW-Tx v2, you apply a DNS name (e.g., www.zyxel.com.tw) for your server (e.g., Web server) from a DDNS server.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes managements. Because the remote gateway checks this source port during connections, the port thus is not allowed to be changed. 13. How do I setup my P-660HW-Tx v2 for routing IPSec packets over SUA? For outgoing IPSec tunnels, no extra setting is required. For forwarding the inbound IPSec ESP tunnel, A 'Default' server set is required.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes fluctuating natural bit rate. The P-660HW-Tx v2 is able to support variable traffic among different virtual connections. Certain traffic may be discarded if the virtual connection experiences congestion. Traffic shaping defines a set of actions taken by the P-660HW-Tx v2 to avoid congestion; traffic shaping takes measures to adapt to unpredictable fluctuations in traffic flows and other problems among virtual connections. 16.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 18. What is content filter? Internet Content filter allows you to create and enforce Internet access policies tailored to your needs. Content filter gives you the ability to block web sites that contain key words (that you specify) in the URL. You can set a schedule for when the P-660HW-Tx v2 performs content filtering. You can also specify trusted IP Addresses on LAN for which the P-660HW-Tx v2 will not perform content filtering.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes ADSL FAQ 1. How does ADSL compare to Cable modems? ADSL provides a dedicated service over a single telephone line; cable modems offer a dedicated service over a shared media. While cable modems have greater downstream bandwidth capabilities (up to 30 Mbps), that bandwidth is shared among all users on a line, and will therefore vary, perhaps dramatically, as more users in a neighborhood get online at the same time.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 6. Does the VC-based multiplexing perform better than the LLC-based multiplexing? Though the LLC-based multiplexing can carry multiple protocols over a single VC, it requires extra header information to identify the protocol being carried on the virtual circuit (VC). The VC-based multiplexing needs a separate VC for carrying each protocol but it does not need the extra headers. Therefore, the VC-based multiplexing is more efficient. 7.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes More and more Telco/ISPs are providing three kinds of services (VoIP, Video and Internet) over one existing ADSL connection. • • • • The different services (such as video, VoIP and Internet access) require different Qulity of Service. The high priority is Voice (VoIP) data. The Medium priority is Video (IPTV) data.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Firewall FAQ General 1. What is a network firewall? A firewall is a system or group of systems that enforces an access-control policy between two networks. It may also be defined as a mechanism used to protect a trusted network from an untrusted network. The firewall can be thought of two mechanisms: One to block the traffic, and the other to permit traffic. 2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Stateful Inspection Firewalls restrict access by screening data packets against defined access rules. They make access control decisions based on IP address and protocol. They also 'inspect' the session data to assure the integrity of the connection and to adapt to dynamic protocols.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes There are four types of DoS attacks: 1. Those that exploits bugs in a TCP/IP implementation such as Ping of Death and Teardrop. 2. Those that exploits weaknesses in the TCP/IP specification such as SYN Flood and LAND Attacks. 3. Brute-force attacks that flood a network with useless data such as Smurf attack. 4. IP Spoofing 7.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 11 What is Brute-force attack? A Brute-force attack, such as 'Smurf' attack, targets a feature in the IP specification known as directed or subnet broadcasting, to quickly flood the target network with useless data. A Smurf hacker flood a destination IP address of each packet is the broadcast address of the network, the router will broadcast the ICMP echo request packet to all hosts on the network.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 1. Change the default Administrator password since it is required when setting up the firewall. 2. Limit who can access to your P-660HW-Tx v2’s Web Configurator or CLI. You can enter the IP address of the secured LAN host in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Advanced -> Remote MGNT -> [Service] ->Secured Client IP to allow special access to your P-660HW-Tx v2: The default value in this field is 0.0.0.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (2)You have disabled WWW/Telnet service in Web Configurator, Advanced setup, Advanced -> Remote MGNT: (3) WWW/Telnet service is enabled but your host IP is not the secured host entered in Web Configurator, Advanced setup, Advanced -> Remote MGNT: (4)A filter set which blocks WWW/Telnet from WAN is applied to WAN node. You can check by command: wan node index [index #] wan node display 4.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Service= FTP TCP/21, TCP/20 Action=Forward (2) You have disabled FTP service in Web Configurator, Advanced setup, Advanced -> Remote MGNT. (3) FTP service is enabled but your host IP is not the secured host entered in Web Configurator, Advanced setup, Advanced -> Remote MGNT. (4) A filter set which blocks FTP from WAN is applied to WAN node. You can check by command: wan node index [index #] wan node display Log and Alert 1.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (1) Enable log function in Centralized logs setup via either one of the following methods, • Web configuration: Advanced Setup, Maintenance -> Logs -> Log Settings, check Access Control and Attacks options depending on your real situation. • CI command: sys logs category [access | attack] (2) Enable log function in firewall default policy or in firewall rules.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Wireless FAQ General FAQ 1. What is a Wireless LAN? Wireless LANs provide all the functionality of wired LANs, without the need for physical connections (wires). Data is modulated onto a radio frequency carrier and transmitted through the ether. Typical bit-rates are 11Mbps and 54Mbps, although in practice data throughput is half of this. Wireless LANs can be formed simply by equipping PC's with wireless NICs.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 4. Where can you find 802.11 wireless networks? Airports, hotels, and even coffee shops like Starbucks are deploying 802.11 networks so people can wirelessly browse the Internet with their laptops. As these types of networks increase, this will create additional security risk for the remote user if not properly protected. 5.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 10. What is 802.11g? 802.11g is an extension to 802.11b. 802.11g increases 802.11b's data rates to 54 Mbps and still utilise the 2.4 GHz ISM. Modulation is based upon OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) technology. An 802.11b radio card will interface directly with an 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. The range at 54 Mbps is less than for 802.11b operating at 11 Mbps. 11.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes attenuates radio waves. The amount of attenuation suffered in passing through concrete will be a function of its thickness and amount of metal re-enforcement used. 16. What are potential factors that may causes interference among WLAN products? Factors of interference: (1) Obstacles: walls, ceilings, furniture… etc. (2) Building Materials: metal door, aluminum studs. (3) Electrical devices: microwaves, monitors, electric motors.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 22. Does P-660HW-Tx v2 support auto rate adaption? Yes, it means that the AP on P-660HW-Tx v2 will automatically decelerate when devices move beyond the optimal range, or other interference is present. If the device moves back within the range of a higher-speed transmission, the connection will automatically speed up again. Rate shifting is a physical-layer mechanism transparent to the user and the upper layers of the protocol stack. Advanced FAQ 1.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes WLAN NICs often include an internal antenna which may provide sufficient reception. 7. Why the 2.4 Ghz Frequency range? This frequency range has been set aside by the FCC, and is generally labeled the ISM band. A few years ago Apple and several other large corporations requested that the FCC allow the development of wireless networks within this frequency range.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes String" passed through the WEP encryption algorithm. Access is denied by anyone who does not have an assigned key. WEP comes in 40/64-bit and 128-bit encryption key lengths. Note, WEP has shown to have fundamental flaws in its key generation processing. 3. What is WPA? Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i security specification draft. Key differences between WAP and WEP are user authentication and improved data encryption. WAP applies IEEE 802.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 7. Can the SSID be encrypted? No, WEP only encrypts the data packets not the 802.11 management packets.The SSID is in the beacon and probe management messages and SSID goes over the air in clear text. This makes obtaining the SSID easy by sniffing 802.11 wireless traffic. 8. By turning off the broadcast of SSID, can someone still sniff the SSID? Many APs by default have broadcasting the SSID turned on. Sniffers typically will find the SSID in the broadcast beacon packets.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Application Notes General Application Notes 1. Internet Access Using P-660HW-Tx v2 under Bridge mode • • Setup your workstation Setup your P-660HW-Tx v2 under bridge mode If the ISP limits some specific computers to access Internet, that means only the traffic to/from these computers will be forwarded and the other will be filtered. In this case, we use P-660HW-Tx v2 which works as an ADSL bridge modem to connect to the ISP.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Setup your P-660HW-Tx v2 under bridge mode The following procedure shows you how to configure your P-660HW-Tx v2 as bridge mode. We will use Web Configurator to guide you through the related menu. (1) Configure P-660HW-Tx v2 as bridge mode and configure Internet setup parameters in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> WAN -> 38 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Internet Connection. Key Settings: Option Description Encapsulation Select the correct Encapsulation type that your ISP supports. For example, RFC 1483. Multiplexing Select the correct Multiplexing type that your ISP supports. For example, LLC. VPI & VCI number Specify a VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and a VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) given to you by your ISP.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Set up your workstation (1) Ethernet connection Connect the LAN ports of all computers to the LAN Interface of P-660HW-Tx v2 using Ethernet cable. (2) TCP/IP configuration Since the P-660HW-Tx v2 is set to DHCP server as default, so you need only to configure the workstations as the DHCP clients in the networking settings. In this case, the IP address of the computer is assigned by the P-660HW-Tx v2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (1) Configure P-660HW-Tx v2 as routing mode and configure Internet setup parameters in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> WAN -> Internet Connection. Key Settings: Option Description Encapsulation Select the correct Encapsulation type that your ISP supports. For example, RFC 1483. Multiplexing Select the correct Multiplexing type that your ISP supports. For example, LLC.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • Setup the P-660HW-Tx v2 as a DHCP Relay We could set the P-660HW-Tx v2 as a DHCP Relay by the following command in CLI: Ip dhcp enif0 mode relay Ip dhcp enif0 relay server [Server IP Address] 4. SUA Notes Tested SUA/NAT Applications (e.g., Cu-SeeMe, ICQ, NetMeeting) Introduction Generally, SUA makes your LAN appear as a single machine to the outside world. LAN users are invisible to outside users.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes TELNET None 23/client IP (and active Telnet service from WAN) POP3 None 110/client IP SMTP None 25/client IP mIRC None for Chat. For DCC, please set Default/Client IP . Windows PPTP None 1723/client IP ICQ 99a None for Chat. For DCC, please set: ICQ -> preference -> connections -> firewall and set the firewall time out to 80 seconds in firewall setting.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 3.0 None for Chat, File Microsoft Messenger Service None for Chat, File transfer, Video and 4.6/ 4.7/ 5.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes For example, if the workstation operating Cu-SeeMe has an IP of 192.168.1.34, then the default SUA server must be set to 192.168.1.34. The peer Cu-SeeMe user can reach this workstation by using P-660HW-Tx v2's WAN IP address which can be obtained from Web Configurator, Status -> WAN Information. Configure an Internal Server behind SUA Introduction If you wish, you can make internal servers (e.g.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes forwarded to the default server. If the default server is not defined, the service request is simply discarded. Configuration To make a server visible to the outside world, specify the port number of the service and the inside address of the server in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> NAT -> Port Forwarding.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (3) If you want to change the port for Web Server, you could press button ‘Modify’ on corresponding rule, then modify and apply it.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes IPX) can be run correctly. Windows NT Domain Login level security is preserved even across the Internet. Window98 PPTP Client / Internet / NT RAS Server Protocol Stack PPTP appears as new modem type (Virtual Private Networking Adapter) that can be selected when setting up a connection in the Dial-Up Networking folder. The VPN Adapter type does not appear elsewhere in the system.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Example The following example shows how to dial to an ISP via the P-660HW-Tx v2 and then establish a tunnel to a private network. There will be three items that you need to set up for PPTP application, these are PPTP server (WinNT), PPTP client (Win9x) and the P-660HW-Tx v2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes When you have finished the above settings, you can ping to the remote Win9x client from WinNT. This ping command is used to demonstrate that remote the Win9x can be reached across the Internet. If the Internet connection between two LANs is achievable, you can place a VPN call from the remote Win9x client. For example: C:\ping 203.66.113.2 When a dial-up connection to ISP is established, a default gateway is assigned to the router traffic through that connection.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 5. Using Full Feature NAT When P-660HW-Tx v2 is in Routing mode, you can select NAT Option as Full Feature in Network -> Remote Node -> Edit: Key Settings: Field Options Description Full Feature When you select this option you can select Address Mapping Set Number 1~8 in the pull-down menu on the right. None NAT is disabled when you select this option. When you select this option, this remote node will use default SUA Address Mapping Set.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The P-660HW-Tx v2 has 8 remote nodes and so allows you to configure 8 NAT Address Mapping Sets, You must specify which NAT Address Mapping Set (1~8) to use in the remote node when you select Full Feature NAT. You can edit 10 rules for each Address Mapping Set. You can edit the rules for Address Mapping Sets #1 in Web Configurator. The other Address Mapping Sets #2~8 can only be configured in CLI (Command Line Interface).
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes IP. Global End This is the ending global IP address (IGA). IP N/A Type Many-to-One and Server This is the NAT mapping types. Here we’ll guide you to configure Address Mapping Sets from Web Configurator and CLI. (Since in Web Configurator we can only edit the rules for Address Mapping Sets #1.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The following table describes the fields in this screen. Field Description Type 1. One-to-One 2. Many-to-One 3. Many-to-Many You can select one of the five mapping types from the Overload pull-down menu 4. Many-to-Many No Overload 5. Server Start This is the starting local IP address (ILA) Option/Example 0.0.0.0 This is the ending local IP address (ILA). If the rule is Local for all local IPs, then put the Start IP as 0.0.0.0 and the IP End 255.255.255.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Setp 3: Set NAT address mapping rule for the Address Mapping Set you just configured (Set 2 in this example) by command ‘ip nat addrmap rule [rule#] [insert | edit] [type] [local start IP] [local end IP] [global start IP] [global end IP] [server set #]’. Suppose we set a Many-to-One rule for set 2 by command ‘ip nat addrmap rule 1 edit 1 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20 172.1.1.1 172.1.1.1’ Setp 4: Save the configuration by command ‘ip nat addrmap save’.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes server sets ip nat server save ip nat server clear [set#] ip nat server edit [rule#] active Save the NAT server set buffer into flash Clear the server set [set#], must use “save” command to let it save into flash Activate the rule [rule#], rule number is 1 to 24, the number 25-36 is for UPNP application ip nat server edit [rule#] svrport to port> ip nat server edit [rule#] remotehost Configure th
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Please note that a server can support more than one service, e.g., a server can provide both FTP and Mail service, while another provides only Web service. The following procedures show how to configure a server behind NAT. Step 1: Login Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> NAT -> Port Forwarding. Step 2: Select the service name from the pull-down menu, and fill in the server Address on ‘Server IP Address’, then click button ‘Add’ to save it.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes In our Internet Access example, we only need one rule where all our ILAs map to one IGA assigned by the ISP. You can just use the default SUA NAT, or you could select Full Feature NAT and select an Address Mapping Set with a Many-to-One Rule. See the following figure.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes below: (3) Using Multiple Global IP addresses for clients and servers (One-to-One, Many-to-One, Server Set mapping types are used) In this case we have 3 IGAs from the ISP. We have two very busy internal FTP servers and also an internal general server for the web and mail. In this case, we want to assign the 3 IGAs by the following way using 4 NAT rules. • • • • Rule 1 (One-to-One type) to map the FTP Server 1 with ILA1 (192.168.1.10) to IGA1 (200.0.0.1).
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 1: In this case, we need to map ILA to more than one IGA, therefore we must choose the Full Feature option from the NAT field in currently active remote node, and assign IGA3 to P-660HW-Tx v2’s WAN IP Address. Step 2: Go to Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> NAT -> Address Mapping to begin configuring Address Mapping Set #1. We can see there are 10 blank rule table that could be configured. See the following setup for the four rules in our case.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Rule 3 Setup: Select Many-to-One type to map the other clients to IGA3 (200.0.0.3). Rule 4 Setup: Select Server type to map our web server and mail server with ILA3 (192.168.1.20) to IGA3. Menu Network -> NAT -> Address Mapping should look as follows now: 61 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: Now we configure all other incoming traffic to go to our web server and mail server from Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> NAT -> Port Forwarding: (4) Support Non NAT Friendly Applications Some servers providing Internet applications such as some mIRC servers do not allow users to login using the same IP address.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes One rule configured for using Many-to-Many No Overload mapping type is shown below. We can also do this by configure threeOne-to-One mapping type rules. 6. Using the Dynamic DNS (DDNS) • What is DDNS? The DDNS service, an IP Registry provides a public central database where information such as email addresses, hostnames, IPs etc. can be stored and retrieved. This solves the problems if your DNS server uses an IP associated with dynamic IPs.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes When the ISP assigns the P-660HW-Tx v2 a new IP, the P-660HW-Tx v2 must inform the DDNS server the change of this IP so that the server can update its IP-to-DNS entry. Once the IP-to-DNS table in the DDNS server is updated, the DNS name for your web server (i.e., www.zyxel.com.tw) is still usable. The DDNS servers the P-660HW-Tx v2 supports currently is WWW.DYNDNS.ORG where you apply the DNS from and update the WAN IP to. • Setup the DDNS 1.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes For example, zyxel.com.tw. User Name Enter the user name that the DDNS server gives to you. Password Enter the password that the DDNS server gives to you. Enter the hostname for the wildcard function that the Enable Wildcard WWW.DYNDNS.ORG supports. Note that Wildcard option is available only when the provider is http://www.dyndns.org/. 7. Network Management Using SNMP • ZyXEL SNMP Implementation ZyXEL currently includes SNMP support in some P-660HW-Tx v2 routers.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes When receiving any SNMP get or set requirement with wrong community, this trap is sent to the manager. 6. whyReboot (defined in ZYXEL-MIB) : When the system is going to restart (warmstart), the trap will be sent with the reason of restart before rebooting. (1) For intentional reboot : In some cases (download new files, CI command "sys reboot", ...), reboot is done intentionally. And traps with the message "System reboot by user !" will be sent.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The SNMP related settings in P-660HW-Tx v2 are configured in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Advanced -> Remote MGNT -> SNMP The following steps describe a simple setup procedure for configuring all SNMP settings. Key Settings: Option Descriptions Enter the correct Get Community. This Get Community must match the Get 'Get-' and 'GetNext' community requested from the NMS. The default is Community 'public'. Enter the correct Set Community.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 'public'. Enter the IP address of the NMS that you wish to send the traps to. If Trap 0.0.0.0 is entered, the P-660HW-Tx v2 will not send trap any NMS Destination manager. Note: You may need to edit a firewall rule to permit SNMP Packets. 8. Using syslog You can configure it in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Maintenance -> Logs -> Log Settings -> Syslog logging. Key Settings: Active: Select it to active UNIX Syslog.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The P-660HW-Tx v2 supports three virtual LAN interfaces via its single physical Ethernet interface. The first network can be configured in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> LAN -> DHCP Setup. The second and third networks that we call 'IP Alias 1' and 'IP Alias 2' can be configured in Network -> LAN -> IP Alias. There are three internal virtual LAN interfaces for the P-660HW-Tx v2 to route the packets from/to the three networks correctly.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes You can edit filter rule to accept or deny LAN packets from/to the IP alias 1/2 go through the P-660HW-Tx v2 by command in CLI: lan index [index number] Usage: index number =1 main LAN 2 IP Alias#1 3 IP Alias#2 lan filter [set#] Usage: set#= the corresponding filter set number you’ve configured lan save • IP Alias Setup (1) Edit the first network in Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> LAN -> IP/DHCP Setup by configuring the P
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes traffic among multiple paths. For example, if a network has both the Internet and remote node connections, we can route the Web packets to the Internet using one policy and route the FTP packets to the remote LAN using another policy. See the figure below. Use IPPR to distribute traffic among multiple paths • Benefits Source-Based Routing - Network administrators can use policy-based routing to direct traffic from different users through different connections.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The actions that can be taken include routing the packet to a different gateway (and hence the outgoing interface) and the TOS and precedence fields in the IP header. IPPR follows the existing packet filtering facility of ZyNOS in style and in implementation. The policies are divided into sets, where related policies are grouped together. A use defines the policies before applying them to an interface or a remote node, in the same fashion as the filters.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (Set the protocol ID as 6(TCP) for the rule) ip policyrouting set criteria serviceType 0 (Set the criteria type of service as don’t care for this rule) ip policyrouting set criteria precedence 8 (Set the precedence as don’t care for this rule) ip policyrouting set criteria packetlength 0 (Set the packet length as 0 for the rule) ip policyrouting set criteria srcip 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.20 (Set the source IP address for the rule: Start=192.168.1.2, end=192.168.1.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 11. Using Call Scheduling • What is Call Scheduling? Call scheduling enables the mechanism for the P-660HW-Tx v2 to run the remote node connection according to the pre-defined schedule. This feature is just like the scheduler ina video recorder which records the program according to the specified time. Users can apply at most 4 schedule sets in Remote Node.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes wan callsch oncedate 2005 12 27 (Set the schedule used just once, it works on 2005-12-27) wan callsch starttime 12 00 (Set the schedule start time as 12:00) wan callsch duration 16 00 (Set schedule duration time as 16 hours) wan callsch action 2 (Set action as dial-on-demand) wan callsch save (Save the current call schedule set) Key Settings: Start Date Start date of this schedule rule. It can be unmatched with weekday setting.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • Time Service in P-660HW-Tx v2 There is no RTC (Real-Time Clock) chip so the P-660HW-Tx v2 should launch a mechanism to get current time and date from external server in boot time. Time service is implemented by the Daytime protocol(RFC-867), Time protocol(RFC-868), and NTP protocol(RFC-1305). You have to assign an IP address of a time server and then, the P-660HW-Tx v2 will get the date, time, and time-zone information from this server.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes needs to be forwarded. At start up, the P-660HW-Tx v2 queries all directly connected networks to gather group membership. After that, the P-660HW-Tx v2 updates the information by periodic queries. The P-660HW-Tx v2 implementation of IGMP is also compatible with version 1. The multicast setting can be turned on or off on Ethernet and remote nodes.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Fairness-Based is chosen, then the bandwidth is allocated by ratio. Which means if A class needs 300 kbps, B class needs 600 kbps, then the ratio of A and B's actual bandwidth is 1:2. So if we get 450 kbps in total, then A would get 150 kbps, B would get 300 kbps. We select Priority-Based in this example. Key Settings: Check the box to enable BWM on the interface.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: You can modify the rule by clicking the button ‘Edit’ on the rule: Key Settings: RuleName Give this rule a name, for example, 'WWW' BW Budget Configure the bandwidth you would like to allocate to this rule Priority Use All Managed Bandwidth Enter a number between 0 and 7 to set the priority of this class. The higher the number, the higher the priority. The default setting is 3.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Destination Enter the destination subnet mask. Subnet Mask Destination Enter the destination port number of the traffic. Port Source IP Address Source Subnet Mask Enter the IP address of source that meats this class. Note that for traffic from 'LAN to WAN', since BWM is before NAT, you should use the IP address before NAT processing. Enter the destination subnet mask. Source Port Enter the source port number of the traffic.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes services of the line will be. After that, system will save back the correct VPI, VCI and also services (encapsulation) type into profile of WAN interface. • Configure the VC auto-hunting preconfigured table.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (3) Delete items from the auto-haunting preconfigured table by useing command: wan atm vchunt remove • Using Zero configuration. You can enable/disable Zero Configuration in Network -> WAN -> Advanced Setup: (1) After configure the auto-haunting preconfigured table. You just need a PC connected to the device LAN Ethernet port with the DSL sync up. (2) Open your web browser to access a Web site.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (4) Basically the zero configuration only work on the VC that was preconigured in the auto-haunting preconfigured table. 15.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The packet filter function on P-660HW-Tx v2 is the same as before, just that you could only configure the filter set and apply them by command in CLI. It’s very complex for common users to do it. So here’s the recommendation: (1) Usually if you want to block special packets, you could edit a firewall rule in Web Configurator.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • Apply to LAN Interface: lan index [index#] Usage: index#=1 main LAN 2 IP Alias#1 3 IP Alias#2 lan filter Usage: You can apply at most four filter sets to LAN Interface. lan save (3) If you are very advanced user, you could edit filter set by the following command: sys filter set [set#] [rule#] Usage: Set up a filter set index to edit a set.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes mask] the rule sys filter set destport [port#] [compare type = none|equal|notequal|less|greater] sys filter set srcip [address] [subnet mask] Set the destination port and compare type (compare type could be 0(none)|1(equal)|2(not equal)|3(less)|4(greater) ) Set the source IP address and subnet mask sys filter set srcport [port#] [compare Set the source port and compare type (compare type = none|equal|not type could be 0(none)|1(equal)|2(not equal|less|greater] equ
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Wireless Application Notes 1. Configure a Wireless Client to Ad hoc mode Ad hoc Introduction What is Ad Hoc mode? Ad hoc mode is a wireless network consists of a number of stations without access points.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: Select Ad hoc from the operation mode pull down menu, fill you an SSID and select a channel you want to use than press OK to apply. Step 4: Since there is no DHCP server to give the host IP you must first designate a static IP for your station. From Windows Start select Control Panel >Network Connection>Wireless Network Connection. 88 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 5: From general tab select TCP/IP and click property Step 6: Fill in your network IP address and subnet mask and click OK to finish. Configuration for Wireless Station B To configure Ad hoc mode on your ZyAIR B-100/B-200/B-300 wireless NIC card please follow the following step. Step1: Double click on the utility icon in your windows task bar the utility will pop up on your windows screen. Step 2: Select configuration tab.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: Select Ad hoc from the operation mode pull down menu, fill you an SSID and select a channel you want to use than press OK to apply. Step 4: Since there is no DHCP server to give the host IP you must first designate a static IP for your station. From Windows Start select Control Panel >Network Connection>Wireless Network Connection. 90 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 5: From general tab select TCP/IP and click property Step 6: Fill in your network IP address and subnet mask and click OK to finish. Step 7: Station A now are able to connect to Station B. 2. Configuring Infrastructure mode Infrastructure Introduction For Infrastructure WLANs, multiple Access Points(APs) like the WLAN to the wired network and allow users to efficiently share network resources.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Configure Wireless Access Point to Infrastructure mode using Web configurator. To configure Infrastructure mode of your P-660HW-Tx v2 wireless AP please follow the steps below. Step 1: Login Web Configurator, Advanced Setup, Network -> Wireless LAN -> General. Configure the basic parameters for Wireless LAN. Step 2: You could click the button ‘Advanced Setup’ for more detailed configuration: 92 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Configuration Wireless Station to Infrastructure mode To configure Infrastructure mode on your ZyAIR G-200 Wireless Network Adapter please follow the following steps. Step 1: Double click on the utility icon in your windows task bar the utility will pop up on your windows screen. Step 2: Select configuration tab. 93 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: Select Infrastructure from the operation mode pull down menu, fill in an SSID or leave it as any if you wish to connect to any AP than press Apply Change to take effect. Step 4: Click on Site Survey tab, and press search all the available AP will be listed. Step 5: Double click on the AP you want to associated with. 94 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 6: After the client have associated with the selected AP. The linked AP's channel, current linkup rate, SSID, link quality, and signal strength will show on the Link Info page. You now successfully associate with the selected AP with Infrastructure Mode. 3. MAC Filter MAC Filter Overview Users can use MAC Filter as a method to restrict unauthorized stations from accessing the APs.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • ZyXEL MAC Filter Implementation ZyXEL's MAC Filter Implementation allows users to define a list to allow or block association from STAs. The filter set allows users to input 12 entries in the list. If Allow Association is selected, all other STAs which are not on the list will be denied. Otherwise, if Deny Association is selected, all other STAs which are not on the list will be allowed for association. Users can choose either way to configure their filter rule.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes MAC Address This field specifies those MAC Addresses that you want to add in the list. 4. Setup WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Introduction The 802.11 standard describes the communication that occurs in wireless LANs.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 2: Set up WEP Key in the Web Configurator. You need to set the one of the following parameters: o o o o o o 64-bit WEP key (secret key) with 5 characters 64-bit WEP key (secret key) with 10 hexadecimal digits 128-bit WEP key (secret key) with 13 characters 128-bit WEP key (secret key) with 26 hexadecimal digits 256-bit WEP key (secret key) with 29 characters 256-bit WEP key (secret key) with 58 hexadecimal digits There are two ways you can configure the WEP Key.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (2) You can also put in an arbitrary sequence of characters in the ‘Passphrase’ and then press button ‘Generate’ to let the P-660HW-Tx v2 generate WEP Key for you: • Setting up the Station Step 1: Double click on the utility icon in your windows task bar or right click the utility icon then select 'Show Config Utility'. 99 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The utility will pop up on your windows screen: Note: If the utility icon doesn't exist in your task bar, click Start -> Programs -> …… to start the utility. Step 2: Select the 'Configuration' tab. Select ‘Set Security’ to configure encryption type and parameters correspond with access point. 100 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Note: You should select Key 1 as default Transmit Key, since the P-660HW-Tx v2 is supposed to use Key 1 by default. Key settings The WEP Encryption type of station has to equal to the access point. Check 'ASCII' field for characters WEP key or uncheck 'ASCII' field for Hexadecimal digits WEP key. 101 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Hexadecimal digits don't need to preceded by '0x'. For example: 64-bits with characters WEP key : Key1= 2e3f4 64-bits with hexadecimal digits WEP key : Key1= 123456789A 5. Site Survey Introduction What is Site Survey? An RF site survey is a MAP to RF contour of RF coverage in a particular facility. With wireless system it is very difficult to predict the propagation of radio waves and detect the presence of interfering signals.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 2: Install an access point at the preliminary location. Step 3: Use a notebook with wireless client installed and run it's utility. An utility will provide information such as connection speed, current used channel, associated rate, link quality, signal strength and etc information as shown in utility below. Step 4: It's always a good idea to start with putting the access point at the corner of the room and walk away from the access point in a systematic manner.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 5: When you reach the farthest point of connection mark the spot. Now you move the access point to this new spot as have already determine the farthest point of the access point installation spot if wireless service is required from corner of the room. Step 6: Repeat step 1~5 and now you should be able to mark an RF coverage area as illustrated in above picutre.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Note: If there are more than one access point is needed be sure to make the adjacent access point service area over lap one another. So the wireless station is able to roam. For more information please refer to roaming at 6. Configure 802.1x and WPA • • • What is the WPA Functionality? Configuration for Access Point Configuration for your PC • What is WPA Functionality? Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i security specification draft.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Protocol uses 128-bits keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extend initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules and a re-keying mechanism.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 4: Click Apply to finish. • Configuration for your PC Step 1: Double click on your wireless utility icon in your windows task bar, the utility will pop up on your windows screen. Step 2: Select the configuration tab, type in the SSID (Service Set Identifier), select the operating Mode as Infrastructure, and select proper channel. 107 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: Click Set Security to configure the security parameters: Step 4: Click OK for finish, and begin to Site survey. Connect to the AP as you have configured. 108 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 5: Click Link Info tab, if the PC associated and authenticated with AP successfully, we will see the following information. 109 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Support Tool 1. LAN/WAN Packet Trace The Prestige packet trace records and analyzes packets running on LAN and WAN interfaces. It is designed for users with technical backgrounds who are interested in the details of the packet flow on LAN or WAN end of Prestige. It is also very helpful for diagnostics if you have compatibility problems with your ISP or if you want to know the details of a packet for configuring a filter rule.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes (2) Trace WAN packet • Disable the capture of the LAN packet by entering: sys trcp channel enet0 none • Enable to capture the WAN packet by entering: sys trcp channel mpoa00 bothway • • • Enable the trace log by entering: sys trcp sw on & sys trcl sw on Display the brief trace online by entering: sys trcd brief Display the detailed trace online by entering: sys trcd parse Example: 111 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • • Offline Trace Disable the capture of the WAN packet by entering: sys trcp channel mpoa00 none • Enable the capture of the LAN packet by entering: sys trcp channel enet0 bothway • • • • • Enable the trace log by entering: sys trcp sw on & sys trcl sw on Wait for packet passing through the Prestige over LAN Disable the trace log by entering: sys trcp sw off & sys trcl sw off Display the trace briefly by entering: sys trcp brief Display specific packets by using: sy
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes • Capture the detailed logs by Hyper Terminal Step 1: Initiate a hyper terminal connection from your PC(suppose you connected to the LAN port of P-660HW-Tx v2) Step 2: Click the ‘properties’ to configure parameters to telnet to the P-660HW-Tx v2. 113 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 3: So that after you invoke the relevant commands, you could save the logs you’ve captured. 114 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 2.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The 192.168.1.1 is the IP address of the Prestige. The local file is the source file of the ZyNOS firmware that is available in your hard disk. The remote file is the file name that will be saved in Prestige. Check the port number 69 and 512-Octet blocks for TFTP. Check 'Binary' mode for file transfering.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes The 192.168.1.1 is the IP address of the Prestige. The local file is the source file of your configuration file that is available in your hard disk. The remote file is the file name that will be saved in Prestige. Check the port number 69 and 512-Octet blocks for TFTP. Check 'Binary' mode for file transfering.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes [cppwu@faelinux cppwu]$ tftp -I 192.168.1.1 put [local-ras] ras <- upload firmware 3. Using FTP to Upload the Firmware and Configuration Files In addition to upload the firmware and configuration file via the console port and TFTP client, you can also upload the firmware and configuration files to the Prestige using FTP. To use this feature, your workstation must have a FTP client software. See the example shown below.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes 'Binary'. Step 2: Press 'OK' to ignore the 'Username' prompt. Step 3: To upload the firmware file, we transfer the local 'ras' file to overwrite the remote 'ras' file. To upload the configuration file, we transfer the local 'rom-0' to overwrite the remote 'rom-0' file. 119 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes Step 4: The Prestige reboots automatically after the uploading is finished. Please do not power off the router at this moment. 120 All contents copyright © 2006 ZyXEL Communications Corporation.
P-660HW-Tx v2 Series Support Notes CI Command Reference Command Syntax and General User Interface CI has the following command syntax: command subcommand [param] command subcommand [param] command ? | help command subcommand ? | help General user interface: Shows the following commands and all major (sub)commands 1. ? 2. exit Exit Subcommand To get the latest CI Command list The latest CI Command list is available in release note of every ZyXEL firmware release.
