User Guide

ManualsBrandsZilog ManualsOtherZ80-CPU

=L/2*:RUOGZLGH+HDGTXDUWHUV  (+DPLOWRQ$YHQXH  &DPSEHOO&$ 

7HOHSKRQH  )D[  ZZZ=L/2*FRP

User Manual

Z80 Family

CPU User Manual

80

Summary of content (306 pages)

PAGE 1
Z80 Family CPU User Manual User Manual 80 =L/2* :RUOGZLGH +HDGTXDUWHUV ( +DPLOWRQ $YHQXH &DPSEHOO &$ 7HOHSKRQH )D[ ZZZ =L/2* FRP
PAGE 2
= &38 8VHU¶V 0DQXDO This publication is subject to replacement by a later edition. To determine whether a later edition exists, or to request copies of publications, contact: ZiLOG Worldwide Headquarters 910 E. Hamilton Avenue Campbell, CA 95008 Telephone: 408.558.8500 Fax: 408.558.8300 www.ZiLOG.com Document Disclaimer ZiLOG is a registered trademark of ZiLOG Inc. in the United States and in other countries.
PAGE 3
= &38 8VHU¶V 0DQXDO LLL Table of Contents 2YHUYLHZ $UFKLWHFWXUH &38 5HJLVWHUV $ULWKPHWLF /RJLF 8QLW $/8 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 5HJLVWHU DQG &38 &RQWURO
PAGE 4
= &38 8VHU¶V 0DQXDO LY ,QWHUIDFLQJ '\QDPLF 0HPRULHV 6RIWZDUH ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ ([DPSOHV 2YHUYLHZ RI 6RIWZDUH )HDWXUHV ([DPSOHV RI 6SHFLILF = ,QVWUXFWLRQV ([DPSOHV RI 3URJUDPPLQJ 7DVNV = &38 ,QVWU
PAGE 5
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN X List of Instructions $'& $ V $'& +/ VV $'' $ +/ $'' $ ,; G $'' $ ,< G
PAGE 6
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN XK (, (; 63 +/ (; 63 ,; (; 63 ,< (; $) $)
PAGE 7
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN XKK /' %& $ /' '( $ /' +/ Q /' +/ U /' ,; G Q
PAGE 8
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN XKKK /' 63 ,< /'' /''5 /', /',5
PAGE 9
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN KZ 55$ 55& P 55&$ 55' 567 S
PAGE 10
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN Z /LVW RI ,QVWUXFWLRQV 80
PAGE 11
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ZK List of Figures )LJXUH = &38 %ORFN 'LDJUDP )LJXUH = &38 5HJLVWHU &RQILJXUDWLRQ )LJXUH = , 2 3LQ &RQILJXUDWLRQ )LJXUH %DVLF &38 7LPLQJ ([DPSOH )LJXUH ,QVWUXFWLRQ 2S &RGH )HWFK )LJXUH
PAGE 12
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ZKK /LVW RI )LJXUHV 80
PAGE 13
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ZKKK List of Tables 7DEOH ,QWHUUXSW (QDEOH 'LVDEOH )OLS )ORSV 7DEOH %XEEOH /LVWLQJ 7DEOH 0XOWLSO\ /LVWLQJ 7DEOH +H[ %LQDU\ 'HFLPDO &RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH 7DEOH %LW /RDG *URXS /'
PAGE 14
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ZKX /LVW RI 7DEOHV 80
PAGE 15
= &38 8VHU¶V 0DQXDO [Y 0DQXDO 2EMHFWLYHV This user manual describes the architecture and instruction set of the Z80 CPU. $ERXW 7KLV 0DQXDO ZiLOG recommends that the user read and understand everything in this manual before setting up and using the product. However, we recognize that users have different styles of learning: some will want to set up and use their new evaluation kit while they read about it; others will open these pages only to check on a particular specification.
PAGE 16
8VHU¶V 0DQXDO = &38 [YL = &38 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 'HVFULSWLRQ Presents the User’s Manual instruction types, addressing modes and instruction Op Codes. = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW Presents an overview of the User’s Manual assenbly language, status indicator flags and the Z80 instructions.
PAGE 17
= &38 8VHU¶V 0DQXDO [YLL 8VH RI WKH 7HUPV /6% DQG 06% In this document, the terms LSB and MSB, when appearing in upper case, mean least significant byte and most significant byte, respectively. The lowercase forms, msb and lsb, mean least significant bit and most significant bit, respectively. &RXULHU )RQW Commands, code lines and fragments, register (and other) mnemonics, values, equations, and various executable items are distinguished from general text by the use of the Courier font.
PAGE 18
8VHU¶V 0DQXDO = &38 [YLLL 5HJLVWHU $FFHVV $EEUHYLDWLRQV Register access is designated by the following abbreviations: Designation Description R Read Only R/W Read/Write W Write Only – Unspecified or indeterminate 7UDGHPDUNV Z80, Z180, Z380 and Z80382 are trademarks of ZiLOG, Inc.
PAGE 19
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 2YHUYLHZ $5&+,7(&785( The ZiLOG Z80 CPU family of components are fourth-generation enhanced microprocessors with exceptional computational power. They offer higher system throughput and more efficient memory utilization than comparable second- and third-generation microprocessors. The speed offerings from 6–20 MHz suit a wide range of applications which migrate software. The internal registers contain 208 bits of read/write memory that are accessible to the programmer.
PAGE 20
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'DWD %XV &RQWURO ,QVW ,QVWUXFWLRQ 'HFRGH 5HJLVWHU ,QWHUQDO 'DWD %XV $/8 DQG &38 &RQWURO &38 DQG &38 6\VWHP &RQWURO &RQWURO &38 5HJLVWHUV 6LJQDOV $GGUHVV &RQWURO %LW 9 *1' &/. )LJXUH $GGUHVV %XV = &38 %ORFN 'LDJUDP &38 5HJLVWHUV The Z80 CPU contains 208 bits of R/W memory that are available to the programmer. Figure 2 illustrates how this memory is configured to eighteen 8-bit registers and four 16-bit registers.
PAGE 21
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 0DLQ 5HJLVWHU 6HW $FFXPXODWRU $OWHUQDWH 5HJLVWHU 6HW )ODJV $FFXPXODWRU )ODJV $ ) $ ) % & % % ' ( ' ( + / + / ,QWHUUXSW 9HFWRU 3XUSRVH 5HJLVWHUV 0HPRU\ 5HIUHVK , 5 ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& )LJXUH *HQHUDO 6SHFLDO 3XUSRVH 5HJLVWHUV = &38 5HJLVWHU &RQILJXUDWLRQ 6SHFLDO 3XUSRVH 5HJLVWHUV 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& The program counter holds the 16-bit address of the current instruction being fetc
PAGE 22
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN stack allows simple implementation of multiple level interrupts, unlimited subroutine nesting and simplification of many types of data manipulation. 7ZR ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHUV ,; DQG ,< The two independent index registers hold a 16-bit base address that is used in indexed addressing modes. In this mode, an index register is used as a base to point to a region in memory from which data is to be stored or retrieved.
PAGE 23
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $FFXPXODWRU DQG )ODJ 5HJLVWHUV The CPU includes two independent 8-bit accumulators and associated 8bit flag registers. The accumulator holds the results of 8-bit arithmetic or logical operations while the FLAG register indicates specific conditions for 8-bit or 1 16-bit operations, such as indicating whether or not the result of an operation is equal to zero.
PAGE 24
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN • • • • • • • • • • • • Add Subtract Logical AND Logical OR Logical Exclusive OR Compare Left or Right Shifts or Rotates (Arithmetic and Logical) Increment Decrement Set Bit Reset Bit Test bit ,QVWUXFWLRQ 5HJLVWHU DQG &38 &RQWURO As each instruction is fetched from memory, it is placed in the INSTRUCTION register and decoded.
PAGE 25
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 27 M1 System Control 19 20 21 22 MREQ IORQ RD WR 28 RFSH 18 HALT 24 WAIT CPU Control 16 INT NMI Address Bus 25 23 BUSRQ BUSACK 6 11 29 CLK +5V GND )LJXUH A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 A13 A14 A15 26 RESET CPU Bus Control Z80 CPU 17 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 1 2 3 4 5 14 15 12 8 7 9 10 13 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Data Bus = , 2 3LQ &RQILJXUDWLRQ 3LQ )XQFWLRQV $ ±$ Address Bus (output, active High, tristate).
PAGE 26
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %86$&. Bus Acknowledge (output, active Low). Bus Acknowledge indicates to the requesting device that the CPU address bus, data bus, and control signals MREQ, IORQ RD, and WR have entered their high-impedance states. The external circuitry can now control these lines. %865(4 Bus Request (input, active Low). Bus Request has a higher priority than NMI and is always recognized at the end of the current machine cycle.
PAGE 27
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,254 Input/Output Request (output, active Low, tristate). IORQ indicates that the lower half of the address bus holds a valid I/O address for an I/O read or write operation. IORQ is also generated concurrently with M1 during an interrupt acknowledge cycle to indicate that an interrupt response vector can be placed on the data bus. 0 Machine Cycle One (output, active Low).
PAGE 28
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN the interrupt status to Mode 0. During reset time, the address and data bus go to a high-impedance state, and all control output signals go to the inactive state. Notice that RESET must be active for a minimum of three full clock cycles before the reset operation is complete. 5)6+ Refresh (output, active Low). RFSH, together with MREQ indicates that the lower seven bits of the system’s address bus can be used as a refresh address to the system’s dynamic memories.
PAGE 29
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7,0,1* 2YHUYLHZ 7KH = &38 H[HFXWHV LQVWUXFWLRQV E\ VWHSSLQJ WKURXJK D SUHFLVH VHW RI EDVLF RSHUDWLRQV 7KHVH LQFOXGH • • • Memory Read or Write I/O Device Read or Write Interrupt Acknowledge $OO LQVWUXFWLRQV DUH VHULHV RI EDVLF RSHUDWLRQV (DFK RI WKHVH RSHUDWLRQV FDQ WDNH IURP WKUHH WR VL[ FORFN SHULRGV WR FRPSOHWH RU WKH\ FDQ EH OHQJWKHQHG WR V\QFKURQL]H WKH &38 WR WKH VSHHG RI H[WHUQDO GHYLFHV 7KH FORFN SHULRGV DUH UHIHUUHG WR DV 7 WLPH F\FOHV DQG WKH RSHUDWLRQV D
PAGE 30
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7 &\FOH &/.
PAGE 31
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN VHJPHQWV IURP EHLQJ JDWHG RQWR WKH GDWD EXV 7KH 05(4 VLJQDO GXULQJ UHIUHVK WLPH VKRXOG EH XVHG WR SHUIRUP D UHIUHVK UHDG RI DOO PHPRU\ HOHPHQWV 7KH UHIUHVK VLJQDO FDQ QRW EH XVHG E\ LWVHOI EHFDXVH WKH UHIUHVK DGGUHVV LV RQO\ JXDUDQWHHG WR EH VWDEOH GXULQJ 05(4 WLPH M1 Cycle T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 CLK A15 — A0 PC Refresh Address MREQ RD WAIT M1 D7 — D0 IN RFSH )LJXUH ,QVWUXFWLRQ 2S &RGH )HWFK 0HPRU\ 5HDG 2U :ULWH )LJXUH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH WLPLQJ RI PHPRU\ UHDG RU ZU
PAGE 32
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN GDWD EXV LV VWDEOH VR WKDW LW FDQ EH XVHG GLUHFWO\ DV D 5 : SXOVH WR YLUWXDOO\ DQ\ W\SH RI VHPLFRQGXFWRU PHPRU\ )XUWKHUPRUH WKH :5 VLJQDO JRHV LQDFWLYH RQH KDOI 7 VWDWH EHIRUH WKH DGGUHVV DQG GDWD EXV FRQWHQWV DUH FKDQJHG VR WKDW WKH RYHUODS UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU DOPRVW DQ\ W\SH RI VHPLFRQGXFWRU PHPRU\ W\SH LV PHW Memory Write Cycle Memory Read Cycle T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 CLK A15 — A0 Memory Address Memory Address MREQ RD WR In D7 — D0 Data Out WAIT )LJXUH 0HPRU\ 5HDG R
PAGE 33
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'XULQJ D UHDG , 2 RSHUDWLRQ WKH 5' OLQH LV XVHG WR HQDEOH WKH DGGUHVVHG SRUW RQWR WKH GDWD EXV MXVW DV LQ WKH FDVH RI D PHPRU\ UHDG )RU , 2 ZULWH RSHUDWLRQV WKH :5 OLQH LV XVHG DV D FORFN WR WKH , 2 SRUW T1 T2 TW* T3 T1 CLK A15 — A0 Port Address IORQ RD Read Cycle D7 — D0 In WAIT WR Write Cycle D7 — D0 Out *Automatically inserted WAIT state )LJXUH ,QSXW RU 2XWSXW &\FOHV %XV 5HTXHVW $FNQRZOHGJH &\FOH )LJXUH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH WLPLQJ IRU D %XV 5HTXHVW $FN
PAGE 34
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN PDLQWDLQ FRQWURO RI WKH EXV IRU DV PDQ\ FORFN F\FOHV DV LV UHTXLUHG ,I YHU\ ORQJ '0$ F\FOHV DUH XVHG DQG G\QDPLF PHPRULHV DUH XVHG WKH H[WHUQDO FRQWUROOHU DOVR SHUIRUPV WKH UHIUHVK IXQFWLRQ 7KLV VLWXDWLRQ RQO\ RFFXUV LI YHU\ ODUJH EORFNV RI GDWD DUH WUDQVIHUUHG XQGHU '0$ FRQWURO 'XULQJ D EXV UHTXHVW F\FOH WKH &38 FDQQRW EH LQWHUUXSWHG E\ HLWKHU DQ 10, RU DQ ,17 VLJQDO Bus Available Status Any M Cycle Last T State TX TX TX T1 CLK BUSREQ Sample Sample BUSACK A15 —
PAGE 35
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN WLPH IRU WKH ULSSOH VLJQDOV WR VWDELOL]H DQG LGHQWLI\ ZKLFK , 2 GHYLFH PXVW LQVHUW WKH UHVSRQVH YHFWRU 5HIHU WR &KDSWHU IRU GHWDLOV RQ KRZ WKH LQWHUUXSW UHVSRQVH YHFWRU LV XWLOL]HG E\ WKH &38 M1 Last M Cycle of Instruction Last T State T1 T2 TW* TW* T3 CLK INT A15 — A0 PC Refresh M1 MREQ IORQ D7 — D0 In WAIT RD )LJXUH ,QWHUUXSW 5HTXHVW $FNQRZOHGJH &\FOH 1RQ 0DVNDEOH ,QWHUUXSW 5HVSRQVH Figure 10 illustrates the request/acknowledge cycle for the non-maskable
PAGE 36
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN Last M Cycle Last T State M1 T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 CLK NMI A15 — A0 PC Refresh M1 MREQ RD RFSH )LJXUH 1RQ 0DVNDEOH ,QWHUUXSW 5HTXHVW 2SHUDWLRQ +$/7 ([LW :KHQHYHU D VRIWZDUH +$/7 LQVWUXFWLRQ LV H[HFXWHG WKH &38 H[HFXWHV 123V XQWLO DQ LQWHUUXSW LV UHFHLYHG HLWKHU D QRQ PDVNDEOH RU D PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW ZKLOH WKH LQWHUUXSW IOLS IORS LV HQDEOHG 7KH WZR LQWHUUXSW OLQHV DUH VDPSOHG ZLWK WKH ULVLQJ FORFN HGJH GXULQJ HDFK 7 VWDWH DV GHSLFWHG LQ )LJXUH ,I D QRQ PDVNDEOH
PAGE 37
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN M1 M1 T4 T2 T1 T3 T4 T1 T2 CLK HALT RD or NMI HALT Instruction is repeated during this Memory Cycle )LJXUH +$/7 ([LW 3RZHU 'RZQ $FNQRZOHGJH &\FOH :KHQ WKH FORFN LQSXW WR WKH &026 = &38 LV VWRSSHG DW HLWKHU D +LJK RU /RZ OHYHO WKH &026 = &38 VWRSV LWV RSHUDWLRQ DQG PDLQWDLQV DOO UHJLVWHUV DQG FRQWURO VLJQDOV +RZHYHU ,&& VWDQGE\ VXSSO\ FXUUHQW LV JXDUDQWHHG RQO\ ZKHQ WKH V\VWHP FORFN LV VWRSSHG DW D /RZ OHYHO GXULQJ 7 RI WKH PDFKLQH F\FOH IROORZLQJ WKH
PAGE 38
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 3RZHU 'RZQ 5HOHDVH &\FOH 7KH V\VWHP FORFN PXVW EH VXSSOLHG WR WKH &026 = &38 WR UHOHDVH WKH SRZHU GRZQ VWDWH :KHQ WKH V\VWHP FORFN LV VXSSOLHG WR WKH &/.
PAGE 39
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN T1 T2 T3 T4 T1 T2 TWA TWA CLK INT M1 HALT )LJXUH 3RZHU 'RZQ 5HOHDVH &\FOH 1R 80 2YHUYLHZ
PAGE 40
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,17(55837 5(63216( 2YHUYLHZ $Q LQWHUUXSW DOORZV SHULSKHUDO GHYLFHV WR VXVSHQG &38 RSHUDWLRQ DQG IRUFH WKH &38 WR VWDUW D SHULSKHUDO VHUYLFH URXWLQH 7KLV VHUYLFH URXWLQH XVXDOO\ LQYROYHV WKH H[FKDQJH RI GDWD VWDWXV RU FRQWURO LQIRUPDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH &38 DQG WKH SHULSKHUDO :KHQ WKH VHUYLFH URXWLQH LV FRPSOHWHG WKH &38 UHWXUQV WR WKH RSHUDWLRQ IURP ZKLFK LW ZDV LQWHUUXSWHG ,QWHUUXSW (QDEOH 'LVDEOH 7KH = &38 KDV WZR LQWHUUXSW LQSXWV D VRIWZDUH PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW ,17 DQG
PAGE 41
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $ &38 UHVHW IRUFHV ERWK WKH ,)) DQG ,)) WR WKH UHVHW VWDWH ZKLFK GLVDEOHV LQWHUUXSWV ,QWHUUXSWV FDQ EH HQDEOHG DW DQ\ WLPH E\ DQ (, LQVWUXFWLRQ IURP WKH SURJUDPPHU :KHQ DQ (, LQVWUXFWLRQ LV H[HFXWHG DQ\ SHQGLQJ LQWHUUXSW UHTXHVW LV QRW DFFHSWHG XQWLO DIWHU WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ IROORZLQJ (, LV H[HFXWHG 7KLV VLQJOH LQVWUXFWLRQ GHOD\ LV QHFHVVDU\ ZKHQ WKH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV D UHWXUQ LQVWUXFWLRQ ,QWHUUXSWV DUH QRW DOORZHG XQWLO D UHWXUQ LV FRPSOHWHG 7KH (, LQVWUXFWLRQ VHWV
PAGE 42
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH ,QWHUUXSW (QDEOH 'LVDEOH )OLS )ORSV $FWLRQ ,)) ,)) &RPPHQWV CPU Reset 0 0 Maskable Interrupt, INT Disabled DI Instruction Execution 0 0 Maskable INT Disabled EI Instruction Execution 1 1 Maskable, INT Enabled LD A,I Instruction Execution * * IFF2 ñ Parity Flag LD A,R instruction Execution * * IFF2 ñ Parity Flag 0 * MaskableñInterrupt Accept NMI RETN Instruction Execution IFF2 * IFF2 ñindicates completion of nonmaskable interrupt service routi
PAGE 43
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN RWKHU LQVWUXFWLRQ VXFK DV D E\WH FDOO WR DQ\ ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ FRXOG EH H[HFXWHG 7KH QXPEHU RI FORFN F\FOHV QHFHVVDU\ WR H[HFXWH WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV WZR PRUH WKDQ WKH QRUPDO QXPEHU IRU WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KLV RFFXUV EHFDXVH WKH &38 DXWRPDWLFDOO\ DGGV WZR ZDLW VWDWHV WR DQ ,QWHUUXSW UHVSRQVH F\FOH WR DOORZ VXIILFLHQW WLPH WR LPSOHPHQW DQ H[WHUQDO GDLV\ FKDLQ IRU SULRULW\ FRQWURO )LJXUH DQG )LJXUH LOOXVWUDWH WKH GHWDLOHG WLPLQJ IRU DQ LQWHUUXSW UHVSRQVH $IWHU WKH DSSO
PAGE 44
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN EHFDXVH WKH SRLQWHU LV XVHG WR JHW WZR DGMDFHQW E\WHV WR IRUP D FRPSOHWH ELW VHUYLFH URXWLQH VWDUWLQJ DGGUHVV DQG WKH DGGUHVVHV PXVW DOZD\V VWDUW LQ HYHQ ORFDWLRQV Starting Address Pointed to by: Interrupt Service Routine Starting Address Table Low Order High Order I Register Contents Seven Bits From Peripheral 0 )LJXUH 0RGH ,QWHUUXSW 5HVSRQVH 0RGH 7KH ILUVW E\WH LQ WKH WDEOH LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI WKH DGGUHVV 7KH SURJUDPPHU PXVW FRPSOHW
PAGE 45
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN +DUGZDUH DQG 6RIWZDUH ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ ([DPSOHV +$5':$5( 0LQLPXP 6\VWHP 7KLV FKDSWHU LV DQ LQWURGXFWLRQ WR LPSOHPHQWLQJ V\VWHPV WKDW XVH WKH = &38 )LJXUH LOOXVWUDWHV D VLPSOH = V\VWHP $Q\ = V\VWHP PXVW LQFOXGH WKH IROORZLQJ HOHPHQWV • • • • • 80 5V Power Supply Oscillator Memory Devices I/O Circuits CPU +DUGZDUH DQG 6RIWZDUH ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ ([DPSOHV
PAGE 46
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 9 3RZHU 6XSSO\ 26& &/. *1' 9 $ ±$ $GGUHVV ,1 05(4 &( 5' . %LW 520 &( = 9 &38 'DWD 287 'DWD %XV &/.
PAGE 47
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $GGLQJ 5$0 0RVW FRPSXWHU V\VWHPV UHTXLUH VRPH H[WHUQDO 5HDG :ULWH PHPRU\ IRU GDWD VWRUDJH DQG VWDFN LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ )LJXUH LOOXVWUDWHV KRZ E\WHV RI VWDWLF PHPRU\ DUH DGGHG WR WKH SUHYLRXV H[DPSOH LQ )LJXUH 7KH PHPRU\ VSDFH LV DVVXPHG WR EH RUJDQL]HG DV IROORZV Address: 0000H 1 Kbyte ROM 256 Bytes RAM 03FFH 0400H 04FFFH ,Q WKLV GLDJUDP WKH DGGUHVV VSDFH LV GHVFULEHG LQ KH[DGHFLPDO QRWDWLRQ $GGUHVV ELW $ VHSDUDWHV WKH 520 VSDFH IURP WKH 5$0 VSDFH DOORZLQJ WKLV
PAGE 48
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 0HPRU\ 6SHHG &RQWURO 6ORZ PHPRULHV FDQ UHGXFH FRVWV IRU PDQ\ DSSOLFDWLRQV 7KH :$,7 OLQH RQ WKH &38 DOORZV WKH = WR RSHUDWH ZLWK DQ\ VSHHG PHPRU\ 0HPRU\ DFFHVV WLPH UHTXLUHPHQWV ZKLFK DUH FRYHUHG LQ &KDSWHU $ DUH PRVW VHYHUH GXULQJ WKH 0 F\FOH LQVWUXFWLRQ IHWFK $OO RWKHU PHPRU\ DFFHVV F\FOHV FRPSOHWH LQ DQ DGGLWLRQDO RQH KDOI FORFN F\FOH +HQFH LW LV VRPHWLPHV DSSURSULDWH WR DGG RQH ZDLW VWDWH WR WKH 0 F\FOH VR VORZHU PHPRULHV FDQ EH XVHG )LJXUH LV DQ H[DPSOH RI
PAGE 49
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN +5V 7400 WAIT T1 +5V T2 TW CLK S S MREQ Q D D CLK C Q MREQ Q WAIT 7474 7474 Q R +5V )LJXUH C R +5V $GGLQJ 2QH :DLW 6WDWH WR $Q\ 0HPRU\ &\FOH ,QWHUIDFLQJ '\QDPLF 0HPRULHV (DFK LQGLYLGXDO G\QDPLF 5$0 KDV LW¶V RZQ VSHFLILFDWLRQV WKDW UHTXLUH PLQRU PRGLILFDWLRQV WR WKH H[DPSOHV JLYHQ KHUH =L/2* $SSOLFDWLRQ 1RWHV DUH DYDLODEOH GHVFULELQJ KRZ WKH = &38 LV LQWHUIDFHG ZLWK PRVW SRSXODU G\QDPLF 5$0 )LJXUH LOOXVWUDWHV WKH ORJLF QHFHVVDU\ WR LQWHUIDFH .
PAGE 50
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN RFSH MREQ A12 CE A11–A0 4K x 8 RAM Array R/W Page 1 D7–D0 Data Bus (1000 to 1FFFF) CE WR 4K x 8 RAM Array R/W Page 0 (0000 to 0FFFF) )LJXUH 80 ,QWHUIDFLQJ '\QDPLF 5$0V +DUGZDUH DQG 6RIWZDUH ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ ([DPSOHV
PAGE 51
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 62)7:$5( ,03/(0(17$7,21 (;$03/(6 2YHUYLHZ RI 6RIWZDUH )HDWXUHV 7KH = LQVWUXFWLRQ VHW SURYLGHV WKH XVHU ZLWK D ODUJH QXPEHU RI RSHUDWLRQV WR FRQWURO WKH = &38 7KH PDLQ DOWHUQDWH DQG LQGH[ UHJLVWHUV FDQ KROG DULWKPHWLF DQG ORJLFDO RSHUDWLRQV IRUP PHPRU\ DGGUHVVHV RU DFW DV IDVW DFFHVV VWRUDJH IRU IUHTXHQWO\ XVHG GDWD ,QIRUPDWLRQ FDQ EH PRYHG GLUHFWO\ IURP UHJLVWHU WR UHJLVWHU IURP PHPRU\ WR PHPRU\ IURP PHPRU\ WR UHJLVWHUV RU IURP UHJLVWHUV WR PHPRU\ ,Q DGGL WLRQ UH
PAGE 52
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $IWHU WKH H[HFXWLRQ RI DQ LQVWUXFWLRQ WKDW VHWV D IODJ WKDW IODJ FDQ EH XVHG WR FRQWURO D FRQGLWLRQDO MXPS RU UHWXUQ LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KHVH LQVWUXFWLRQV SURYLGH ORJLFDO FRQWURO IROORZLQJ WKH PDQLSXODWLRQ RI VLQJOH ELW ELW E\WH RU ELW GDWD TXDQWLWLHV $ IXOO VHW RI ORJLFDO RSHUDWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ AND OR XOR H[FOXVLYH OR CPL NOR DQG NEG WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW DUH DYDLODEOH IRU %RROHDQ RSHUD WLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH DFFXPXODWRU DQG DOO RWKHU ELW UHJLVWHUV PHPRU\ ORFD WLRQV RU
PAGE 53
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ([DPSOH 7ZR $ VWULQJ LQ PHPRU\ OLPLWHG WR D PD[LPXP OHQJWK RI FKDUDFWHUV VWDUWLQJ DW ORFDWLRQ '$7$ LV WR EH PRYHG WR DQRWKHU PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VWDUWLQJ DW ORFDWLRQ %8))(5 XQWLO DQ $6&,, XVHG DV D VWULQJ GHOLPLWRU LV IRXQG 7KLV RSHUDWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG DV IROORZV LD LD LD LD LOOP:CP HL, DATA ;STARTING ADDRESS OF DATA STRING DE, BUFFER;STARTING ADDRESS OF TARGET BUFFER BC, 132 ;MAXIMUM STRING LENGTH A, ’$’ ;STRING DELIMITER CODE (HL) ;COMPARE MEMORY CONTENTS WITH ;DELIM
PAGE 54
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ;B IS NOT ZERO, OTHERWISE FALL ;THROUGH.
PAGE 55
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DAA ;ADJUST RESULT TO DECIMAL CODED VALUE LD INC INC DJNZ (HL), A ;STORE RESULT HL ;ADVANCE MEMORY POINTERS DE SUBDEC - $;DECREMENT B AND GO TO "SUBDEC" ;IF B ;NOT ZERO, OTHERWISE FALL ;THROUGH 6HYHQWHHQ E\WHV DUH UHTXLUHG IRU WKLV RSHUDWLRQ ([DPSOHV RI 3URJUDPPLQJ 7DVNV $V GHSLFWHG LQ 7DEOH WKLV H[DPSOH SURJUDP VRUWV DQ DUUD\ RI QXPEHUV WR DVFHQGLQJ RUGHU XVLQJ D VWDQGDUG H[FKDQJH VRUWLQJ DOJRULWKP 7KHVH QXPEHUV UDQJH IURP WR 7DEOH %XEEOH /LVWLQJ /RF 2EM
PAGE 56
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %XEEOH /LVWLQJ &RQWLQXHG /RF 2EM &RGH 6WPW 6RXUFH 6WDWHPHQW 15 ; c length of data array 16 ; d first element in comparison 17 ; e second element in comparison 18 ; h flag to indicate exchange 19 ; l unused 20 ; ix pointer into data array 21 ; iy unused 22 ; 0000 222600 23 sort: ld (data), hl ; save data address 0003 cb84 24 loop: res flag, h ; initialize exchange flag 0005 41 25 ld b, c ; initialize length counter 0006 05
PAGE 57
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %XEEOH /LVWLQJ &RQWLQXHG /RF 2EM &RGH 6WPW 6RXUFH 6WDWHPHQW 0026 43 flag: equ 0 ; designation of flag bit 0026 44 data: defs 2 ; storage for data address 45 end 7KH IROORZLQJ SURJUDP VHH 7DEOH PXOWLSOLHV WZR XQVLJQHG ELW LQWHJHUV OHDYLQJ WKH UHVXOW LQ WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU 7DEOH 0XOWLSO\ /LVWLQJ 2EM /RF &RGH 6WPW 6RXUFH 6WDWHPHQW 0000 1 mult:; unsigned sixteen bit integer multiply. 2 ; on entrance: multiplier in de.
PAGE 58
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH 0XOWLSO\ /LVWLQJ &RQWLQXHG 2EM /RF &RGH 6WPW 6RXUFH 6WDWHPHQW 16 ; 17 ; a low order bits of multiplier 0000 0610 18 ld b, 16; number of bits-initialize 0002 4a 19 ld c, d; move multiplier 0003 7b 20 ld a, e; 0004 eb 21 ex de, hl; move multiplicand 0005 210000 22 ld hl, 0; clear partial result 0008 cb39 23 mloop: srl c; shift multiplier right 000a if 24 25 rra least significant bit is ; in carry.
PAGE 59
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN = &38 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 'HVFULSWLRQ 2YHUYLHZ 7KH = &38 FDQ H[HFXWH GLIIHUHQW LQVWUXFWLRQ W\SHV LQFOXGLQJ DOO RI WKH $ &38 7KH LQVWUXFWLRQV IDOO LQWR WKHVH PDMRU JURXSV • • • • • • • • Load and Exchange Block Transfer and Search Arithmetic and Logical Rotate and Shift Bit Manipulation (Set, Reset, Test) Jump, Call, and Return Input/Output Basic CPU Control ,QVWUXFWLRQ 7\SHV 7KH ORDG LQVWUXFWLRQV PRYH GDWD LQWHUQDOO\ DPRQJ &38 UHJLVWHUV RU EHWZHHQ &38 UHJLVWHUV DQG H
PAGE 60
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $ XQLTXH VHW RI EORFN WUDQVIHU LQVWUXFWLRQV LV SURYLGHG LQ WKH = :LWK D VLQJOH LQVWUXFWLRQ D EORFN RI PHPRU\ RI DQ\ VL]H FDQ EH PRYHG WR DQ\ RWKHU ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ 7KLV VHW RI EORFN PRYHV LV H[WUHPHO\ YDOXDEOH ZKHQ SURFHVVLQJ ODUJH VWULQJV RI GDWD :LWK D VLQJOH LQVWUXFWLRQ D EORFN RI H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ RI DQ\ GHVLUHG OHQJWK FDQ EH VHDUFKHG IRU DQ\ ELW FKDUDFWHU :KHQ WKH FKDUDFWHU LV IRXQG RU WKH HQG RI WKH EORFN LV UHDFKHG WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ DXWRPDWLFDOO\ WHUPLQDWHV %
PAGE 61
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN WKH ELW 2S &RGH 7KLV LV SRVVLEOH EHFDXVH RQO\ HLJKW VHSDUDWH DGGUHVVHV ORFDWHG LQ SDJH ]HUR RI WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ PD\ EH VSHFLILHG 3URJUDP MXPSV PD\ DOVR EH DFKLHYHG E\ ORDGLQJ UHJLVWHU +/ ,; RU ,< GLUHFWO\ LQWR WKH 3& WKXV DOORZLQJ WKH MXPS DGGUHVV WR EH D FRPSOH[ IXQFWLRQ RI WKH URXWLQH EHLQJ H[HFXWHG 7KH LQSXW RXWSXW JURXS RI LQVWUXFWLRQV LQ WKH = DOORZ IRU D ZLGH UDQJH RI WUDQVIHUV EHWZHHQ H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV RU WKH JHQHUDO SXUSRVH &38 UHJLVWHUV DQG WKH
PAGE 62
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $GGUHVVLQJ 0RGHV 0RVW RI WKH = LQVWUXFWLRQV RSHUDWH RQ GDWD VWRUHG LQ LQWHUQDO &38 UHJLVWHUV H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ RU LQ WKH , 2 SRUWV $GGUHVVLQJ UHIHUV WR KRZ WKH DGGUHVV RI WKLV GDWD LV JHQHUDWHG LQ HDFK LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KLV VHFWLRQ LV D EULHI VXPPDU\ RI WKH W\SHV RI DGGUHVVLQJ XVHG LQ WKH = ZKLOH VXEVHTXHQW VHFWLRQV GHWDLO WKH W\SH RI DGGUHVVLQJ DYDLODEOH IRU HDFK LQVWUXFWLRQ JURXS ,PPHGLDWH ,Q WKLV PRGH RI DGGUHVVLQJ WKH E\WH IROORZLQJ WKH 2S &RGH LQ PHPRU\ FRQWDLQV WKH D
PAGE 63
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 0RGLILHG 3DJH =HUR $GGUHVVLQJ 7KH = KDV D VSHFLDO VLQJOH E\WH CALL LQVWUXFWLRQ WR DQ\ RI HLJKW ORFDWLRQV LQ SDJH ]HUR RI PHPRU\ 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ ZKLFK LV UHIHUUHG WR DV D UHVWDUW VHWV WKH 3& WR DQ HIIHFWLYH DGGUHVV LQ SDJH ]HUR 7KH YDOXH RI WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV WKDW LW DOORZV D VLQJOH E\WH WR VSHFLI\ D FRPSOHWH ELW DGGUHVV ZKHUH FRPPRQO\ FDOOHG VXEURXWLQHV DUH ORFDWHG WKXV VDYLQJ PHPRU\ VSDFH Op Code B7 One Byte B0 Effective Address is (B5 B4 B3 000)2 5HODWLYH $G
PAGE 64
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ([WHQGHG $GGUHVVLQJ ([WHQGHG $GGUHVVLQJ SURYLGHV IRU WZR E\WHV ELWV RI DGGUHVV WR EH LQFOXGHG LQ WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KLV GDWD FDQ EH DQ DGGUHVV WR ZKLFK D SURJUDP FDQ MXPS RU LW FDQ EH DQ DGGUHVV ZKHUH DQ RSHUDQG LV ORFDWHG One or Two Bytes Op Code Low Order Address to Low Order Operand High Order Address to Low Order Operand ([WHQGHG DGGUHVVLQJ LV UHTXLUHG IRU D SURJUDP WR MXPS IURP DQ\ ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ WR DQ\ RWKHU ORFDWLRQ RU ORDG DQG VWRUH GDWD LQ DQ\ PHPRU\ ORFDWL
PAGE 65
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7KH GLVSODFHPHQW LV D VLJQHG WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW QXPEHU ,QGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ JUHDWO\ VLPSOLILHV SURJUDPV XVLQJ WDEOHV RI GDWD EHFDXVH WKH LQGH[ UHJLVWHU FDQ SRLQW WR WKH VWDUW RI DQ\ WDEOH 7ZR LQGH[ UHJLVWHUV DUH SURYLGHG EHFDXVH YHU\ RIWHQ RSHUDWLRQV UHTXLUH WZR RU PRUH WDEOHV ,QGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ DOVR DOORZV IRU UHORFDWDEOH FRGH 7KH WZR LQGH[ UHJLVWHUV LQ WKH = DUH UHIHUUHG WR DV ,; DQG ,< 7R LQGLFDWH LQGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ WKH QRWDWLRQ XVH (IX+d) or (IY+d) +HUH G LV WKH GLVS
PAGE 66
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN H[FHSW WKDW D GLVSODFHPHQW LV DGGHG ZLWK LQGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ 5HJLVWHU LQGLUHFW DGGUHVVLQJ DOORZV IRU YHU\ SRZHUIXO EXW VLPSOH WR LPSOHPHQW PHPRU\ DFFHVVHV 7KH EORFN PRYH DQG VHDUFK FRPPDQGV LQ WKH = DUH H[WHQVLRQV RI WKLV W\SH RI DGGUHVVLQJ ZKHUH DXWRPDWLF UHJLVWHU LQFUHPHQWLQJ GHFUHPHQWLQJ DQG FRPSDULQJ KDV EHHQ DGGHG 7KH QRWDWLRQ IRU LQGLFDWLQJ UHJLVWHU LQGLUHFW DGGUHVVLQJ LV WR SXW SDUHQWKHVHV DURXQG WKH QDPH RI WKH UHJLVWHU WKDW LV WR EH XVHG DV WKH SRLQWHU )RU H[D
PAGE 67
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $OVR GHSLFWHG LV WKH DVVHPEO\ ODQJXDJH PQHPRQLF WKDW LV XVHG IRU HDFK LQVWUXFWLRQ $OO LQVWUXFWLRQ 2S &RGHV DUH OLVWHG LQ KH[DGHFLPDO QRWDWLRQ 6LQJOH E\WH 2S &RGHV UHTXLUH WZR KH[ FKDUDFWHUV ZKLOH GRXEOH E\WH 2S &RGHV UHTXLUH IRXU KH[ FKDUDFWHUV )RU FRQYHQLHQFH WKH FRQYHUVLRQ IURP KH[ WR ELQDU\ LV UHSHDWHG LQ 7DEOH 7DEOH +H[ %LQDU\ 'HFLPDO &RQYHUVLRQ 7DEOH +H[ %LQDU\ 'HFLPDO 0 = 0000 = 0 1 = 0001 = 1 2 = 0010 = 2 3 = 0011 = 3 4 = 0100 = 4 5 = 0101
PAGE 68
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /RDG DQG ([FKDQJH 7DEOH GHILQHV WKH 2S &RGH IRU DOO WKH ELW ORDG LQVWUXFWLRQV LPSOHPHQWHG LQ WKH = &38 $OVR GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV WDEOH LV WKH W\SH RI DGGUHVVLQJ XVHG IRU HDFK LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KH VRXUFH RI WKH GDWD LV IRXQG RQ WKH WRS KRUL]RQWDO URZ DQG WKH GHVWLQDWLRQ LV VSHFLILHG LQ WKH OHIW FROXPQ )RU H[DPSOH ORDG UHJLVWHU & IURP UHJLVWHU % XVHV WKH 2S &RGH 48H ,Q DOO WKH ILJXUHV WKH 2S &RGH LV VSHFLILHG LQ KH[DGHFLPDO QRWDWLRQ DQG WKH 48H 0100 1000 ELQDU\ FRGH LV IHW
PAGE 69
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW /RDG *URXS /' 6RXUFH Destination Register A ,PSOLHG 5HJLVWHU I 5 $ % & ' ( ) / ED 57 (' ) $ % & ' B C D E H L Reg Indirect (HL) 5HJ ,QGLUHFW +/ ( ) ) ) ) $ $ $ % % % & & & ' ' ' ( ( ( %& $ LQGH[HG '( $ ,; G O< G ([W $GGU
PAGE 70
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $OO ORDG LQVWUXFWLRQV XVLQJ LQGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ IRU HLWKHU WKH VRXUFH RU GHVWLQDWLRQ ORFDWLRQ DFWXDOO\ XVH WKUHH E\WHV RI PHPRU\ ZLWK WKH WKLUG E\WH EHLQJ WKH GLVSODFHPHQW G )RU H[DPSOH D ORDG UHJLVWHU ( ZLWK WKH RSHUDQG SRLQWHG WR E\ ,; ZLWK DQ RIIVHW RI LV ZULWWHQ LID E, (IX + 8) 7KH LQVWUXFWLRQ VHTXHQFH IRU WKLV LQ PHPRU\ LV Address A DD A+1 5E A+2 08 Op Code Displacement Operand 7KH WZR H[WHQGHG DGGUHVVLQJ LQVWUXFWLRQV DUH DOVR WKUHH E\WH LQVWUXFWLRQV )RU H[D
PAGE 71
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /RDGLQJ D PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ XVLQJ LQGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ IRU WKH GHVWLQDWLRQ DQG LPPHGLDWH DGGUHVVLQJ IRU WKH VRXUFH UHTXLUHV IRXU E\WHV )RU H[DPSOH LD (IX - 15), 21H DSSHDUV DV Address A DD A+1 36 A+2 F1 A+3 21 Op Code One or Two Bytes Displacement (-15 in Signed Two’s Complement Operand to Load 1RWLFH WKDW ZLWK DQ\ LQGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ WKH GLVSODFHPHQW DOZD\V IROORZV GLUHFWO\ DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH 7DEOH VSHFLILHV WKH ELW ORDG RSHUDWLRQV 7KH H[WHQGHG DGGUHVVLQJ IHDWXUH
PAGE 72
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (SP) F (SP+1) A • • Top of stack • • 7KH POP LQVWUXFWLRQ LV WKH H[DFW UHYHUVH RI D PUSH $OO PUSH DQG POP LQVWUXFWLRQV XWLOL]H D ELW RSHUDQG DQG WKH KLJK RUGHU E\WH LV DOZD\V SXVKHG ILUVW DQG SRSSHG ODVW PUSH BC is PUSH 8 then C PUSH DE is PUSH D then E PUSH HL is PUSH H then L POP HL is POP L then H 7KH LQVWUXFWLRQ XVLQJ H[WHQGHG LPPHGLDWH DGGUHVVLQJ IRU WKH VRXUFH UHTXLUHV WZR E\WHV RI GDWD IROORZLQJ WKH 2S &RGH )RU H[DPSOH LD DE, 0659H DSSHDUV DV Addres
PAGE 73
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW /RDG *URXS /' 386+ DQG 323 Source 5HJLVWHU ,PP ([W ([W $GGU 5HJ ,QGLU nn (nn) (SP) BC 01 n n ED 4B n n C1 DE 11 n n ED 5B n n D1 HL 21 n n 2A n n E1 31 n n ED 7B n n IX DD 21 n n DD 2A n n DD E1 IY FD 21 n n FD 2A n n FD E1 Register AF BC DE HL SP IX IY P1 AF F9 SP EXT ADDR. REG. PUSH Instructions IND.
PAGE 74
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH ([FKDQJHV (; DQG (;; ,PSOLHG $GGUHVVLQJ $) IMPLIED AF %& '( DQG +/ +/ ,; ,< DD E3 FD E3 08 BC DE D9 HL REG. IND.
PAGE 75
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %HFDXVH ELW UHJLVWHUV DUH XVHG WKH VL]H RI WKH EORFN FDQ EH XS WR .E\WHV .
PAGE 76
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %ORFN 7UDQVIHU *URXS 'HVWLQDWLRQ 6RXUFH Reg. Indir. (DE) Reg. Indir. (HL) (ED) A0 LDI - Load (DE) (HL) Inc HL and DE, Dec BC (ED) B0 LDIR, - Load (DE) (HL) Inc HL and DE, Dec BC, Repeat until BC = 0 (ED) A8 LDD - Load (DE) (HL) Inc HL and DE, Dec BC (ED) B8 LDDR - Load (DE) (HL) Dec HL and DE, Dec BC, Repeat until BC = 0 Note: Reg HL points to source Reg DE points to destination Reg BC is byte counter 7DEOH %ORFN 6HDUFK *URXS 6HDUFK /RFDWLRQ Reg.
PAGE 77
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $ULWKPHWLF DQG /RJLFDO 7DEOH OLVWV DOO WKH ELW DULWKPHWLF RSHUDWLRQV WKDW FDQ EH SHUIRUPHG ZLWK WKH DFFXPXODWRU DOVR OLVWHG DUH WKH LQFUHPHQW INC DQG GHFUHPHQW DEC LQVWUXFWLRQV ,Q DOO WKHVH LQVWUXFWLRQV H[FHSW INC DQG DEC WKH VSHFLILHG ELW RSHUDWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG EHWZHHQ WKH GDWD LQ WKH DFFXPXODWRU DQG WKH VRXUFH GDWD 7KH UHVXOW RI WKH RSHUDWLRQ LV SODFHG LQ WKH DFFXPXODWRU ZLWK WKH H[FHSWLRQ RI FRPSDUH CP WKDW OHDYHV WKH DFFXPXODWRU XQFKDQJHG $OO WKHVH RSHU
PAGE 78
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 2WKHU LQVWUXFWLRQV LQ WKLV JURXS DUH ORJLFDO DQG AND ORJLFDO RU OR H[FOXVLYH RU XOR DQG FRPSDUH CP )LYH JHQHUDO SXUSRVH DULWKPHWLF LQVWUXFWLRQV RSHUDWH RQ WKH DFFXPXODWRU RU FDUU\ IODJ 7KHVH ILYH DUH OLVWHG LQ 7DEOH 7KH GHFLPDO DGMXVW LQVWUXFWLRQ FDQ DGMXVW IRU VXEWUDFWLRQ DV ZHOO DV DGGLWLRQ PDNLQJ %&' DULWKPHWLF RSHUDWLRQV VLPSOH 1RWH WKDW WR DOORZ IRU WKLV RSHUDWLRQ WKH IODJ 1 LV XVHG 7KLV IODJ LV VHW LI WKH ODVW DULWKPHWLF RSHUDWLRQ ZDV D VXEWUDFW 7KH
PAGE 79
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW $ULWKPHWLF DQG /RJLF 6RXUFH 5HJLVWHU $GGUHVVLQJ 5HJ ,QGLU ,QGH[HG ,PPHG XOR AF A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE DD AE d FD AE d EE n OR B7 B0 B1 B2 B6 DD B6 d FD B6 d F6 n COMPARE CP BF B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE DD BE d FD BE d FE n INCREMENT INC 3C 04 0C 14 1C 24 2C 34 DD 34 d FD 34 d DECREMENT DEC 3D 05 0D 15 1D 25 2D 35 DD 35 d FD 35 d B3 B4 B5 7DEOH *HQHUDO 3XUSRVH $) 2SHUDWLRQ Decimal Adjust Acc, DAA 27 Complement Acc
PAGE 80
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW $ULWKPHWLF 6RXUFH BC HL 09 Destination ADD DE HL SP 19 29 39 IX IX DD DD 09 19 DD DD 39 29 IY FD 09 FD 19 FD 39 ADD with carry and set flags ADC HL ED 4A ED 5A ED 6A ED 7A SUB with carry and set flags SBC HL ED 42 ED 52 ED 62 ED 72 IY FD 29 Increment INC 03 13 23 33 DD FD 23 23 Decrement DEC DB 1B 2B 3B DD FD 2B 2B 5RWDWH DQG 6KLIW $ PDMRU IHDWXUH RI WKH = LV WR URWDWH RU VKLIW GDWD LQ WKH DFFXPXODWRU DQ\ JHQHUDO SXUSRVH UHJL
PAGE 81
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH 5RWDWHV DQG 6KLIWV 6RXUFH Type A of Rotate Shift B C D E F L (HL) (IX+d) (lY+d) A RCL CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB 07 00 01 02 03 04 06 0E DD CB d 06 FD CB d 06 RLCA D7 RRC CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB 0F 08 09 0A 06 0C 0D 0E DD CB d 0E FD CB d 0E RRCA 0F RL CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 DD CB d 16 FD CB d 16 RLA 17 RR CB CB CB CB CB CB CB CB 1F 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E DD CB d 1E FD CB d 1E RRA 1F DD CB d 26 FD CB d 26 DD CB d 2E FD
PAGE 82
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN FRQGLWLRQV RU GDWD SDFNHG LQWR PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV PDNLQJ PHPRU\ XWLOL]DWLRQ PRUH HIILFLHQW 7KH = FDQ VHW UHVHW RU WHVW DQ\ ELW LQ WKH DFFXPXODWRU DQ\ JHQHUDO SXUSRVH UHJLVWHU RU DQ\ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ ZLWK D VLQJOH LQVWUXFWLRQ 7DEOH OLVWV WKH LQVWUXFWLRQV WKDW DUH DYDLODEOH IRU WKLV SXUSRVH 5HJLVWHU DGGUHVVLQJ FDQ VSHFLI\ WKH DFFXPXODWRU RU DQ\ JHQHUDO SXUSRVH UHJLVWHU RQ ZKLFK WKH RSHUDWLRQ LV WR EH SHUIRUPHG 5HJLVWHU LQGLUHFW DQG LQGH[HG DGGUHVVLQJ DUH DYDLODEO
PAGE 83
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7KUHH W\SHV RI UHJLVWHU LQGLUHFW MXPSV DUH DOVR LQFOXGHG 7KHVH LQVWUXFWLRQV DUH LPSOHPHQWHG E\ ORDGLQJ WKH UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ RU RQH RI WKH LQGH[ UHJLVWHUV ; RU ,< GLUHFWO\ LQWR WKH 3& 7KLV IHDWXUH DOORZV IRU SURJUDP MXPSV WR EH D IXQFWLRQ RI SUHYLRXV FDOFXODWLRQV $ FDOO LV D VSHFLDO IRUP RI D MXPS ZKHUH WKH DGGUHVV RI WKH E\WH IROORZLQJ WKH FDOO LQVWUXFWLRQ LV SXVKHG RQWR WKH VWDFN EHIRUH WKH MXPS LV PDGH $ UHWXUQ LQVWUXFWLRQ LV WKH UHYHUVH RI D FDOO EHFDXVH WKH GDWD RQ W
PAGE 84
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW 0DQLSXODWLRQ *URXS 5HJLVWHU $GGUHVVLQJ A 8 C D E H L 5HJ ,QGLU ,QGH[HG (HL) (IX+d) (IY+d) DD FD Bit Test Bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 47 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 d d 46 46 DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 4F 48 49 4A 48 4C 4D 4E d d 4E 4E DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 57 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 d d 56 56 DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8
PAGE 85
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW 0DQLSXODWLRQ *URXS &RQWLQXHG 5HJLVWHU $GGUHVVLQJ Rest Bit RES ,QGH[HG DD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 5HJ ,QGLU FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 87 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 d d 86 86 DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 8F 88 89 8A 88 8C 8D 8E d d 8E 8E DD FD C8 C8 CS C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 97 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 d d 96 96 DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 CS C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 9F 98 99 9A
PAGE 86
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW 0DQLSXODWLRQ *URXS &RQWLQXHG 5HJLVWHU $GGUHVVLQJ Set Bit SET 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80 5HJ ,QGLU ,QGH[HG DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C7 C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 d d C6 C6 DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 CF C8 C9 CA C8 CC CD CE d d CE CE DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 D7 DO D1 D2 D3 D4 DS D6 d d D6 D6 DD FD C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 C8 DF D8 09 DA
PAGE 87
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH -XPS &DOO DQG 5HWXUQ *URXS &RQGLWLRQ UnCarry Cond. Non Carry Zero Non Zero Parity Parity Sign Even Odd Neg Sign Pos EA n n E2 n n FA n n F2 n n EC n n E4 n n FC n n F4 n n JUMP JP IMMED. EXT. nn C3 n n D8 n n D2 n n CA n n C2 n n JUMP JR RELATIVE PC+e 18 e-2 38 e-2 30 e-2 28 e-2 20 e-2 JUMP JP Register INDIR. (HL) EB (IX) DD E9 (IY) FD E9 nn CD n n DC n n D4 n n CC n n C4 n n CALL IMMED. EXT.
PAGE 88
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH OLVWV WKH HLJKW 2S &RGHV IRU WKH UHVWDUW LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV D VLQJOH E\WH FDOO WR DQ\ RI WKH HLJKW DGGUHVVHV OLVWHG 7KH VLPSOH PQHPRQLF IRU WKHVH HLJKW FDOOV LV DOVR OLVWHG 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV XVHIXO IRU IUHTXHQWO\ XVHG URXWLQHV EHFDXVH PHPRU\ FRQVXPSWLRQ LV PLQLPL]HG 7DEOH 5HVWDUW *URXS 2S &RGH CALL Address 0000H C7 RST 0 0008H CF RST 8 0010H D7 RST 16 0018H DF RST 24 0020H E7 RST 32 0028H EF RST 40 0030H F7 RST 48 0038H FF RST 56
PAGE 89
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,Q WKH LQVWUXFWLRQV IN A DQG OUT n A WKH , 2 GHYLFH DGGUHVV Q DSSHDUV LQ WKH ORZHU KDOI RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV $ $ ZKLOH WKH DFFXPXODWRU FRQWHQW LV WUDQVIHUUHG LQ WKH XSSHU KDOI RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV ,Q DOO UHJLVWHU LQGLUHFW LQSXW RXWSXW LQVWUXFWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ EORFN , 2 WUDQVIHUV WKH FRQWHQW RI UHJLVWHU & LV WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH ORZHU KDOI RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV GHYLFH DGGUHVV ZKLOH WKH FRQWHQW RI UHJLVWHU % LV WUDQVIHUUHG WR WKH XSSHU KDOI RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV &38 &RQWURO *U
PAGE 90
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH ,QSXW *URXS 5HJLVWHU ,PPHG ,QGLU Input Input IN Destination INI - input & inc HL, Dec B 80 Register A Address (n) (c) DB n ED 7B B ED 40 C ED 48 D ED 50 E ED 58 H ED 60 L ED 68 Register (HL) Indir ED A2 INIR - INP, Inc HL, Dec B, repeat IF B0 ED B2 IND - input & Inc Dec HL, Dec B ED AA INDR - input, Dec HL, Dec B, repeat IF B0 ED BA Block Input Commands = &38 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 'HVFULSWLRQ
PAGE 91
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7DEOH %LW $ULWKPHWLF DQG /RJLF 6RXUFH Register Register Indir. A B C D E H L (HL) 11OUT Immed (n) D3 n . Reg (c) ED ED ED ED ED ED ED Ind.
PAGE 92
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 80 = &38 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 'HVFULSWLRQ
PAGE 93
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW = $VVHPEO\ /DQJXDJH 7KH DVVHPEO\ ODQJXDJH DOORZV WKH XVHU WR ZULWH D SURJUDP ZLWKRXW FRQFHUQ IRU PHPRU\ DGGUHVVHV RU PDFKLQH LQVWUXFWLRQ IRUPDWV ,W XVHV V\PEROLF DGGUHVVHV WR LGHQWLI\ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV DQG PQHPRQLF FRGHV 2S &RGHV DQG RSHUDQGV WR UHSUHVHQW WKH LQVWUXFWLRQV /DEHOV V\PEROV DUH DVVLJQHG WR D SDUWLFXODU LQVWUXFWLRQ VWHS LQ D VRXUFH SURJUDP WR LGHQWLI\ WKDW VWHS DV DQ HQWU\ SRLQW IRU XVH LQ VXEVHTXHQW LQVWUXFWLRQV 2SHUDQGV IROORZLQJ HDFK
PAGE 94
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN = 6WDWXV ,QGLFDWRU )ODJV 7KH IODJ UHJLVWHUV ) DQG ) VXSSO\ LQIRUPDWLRQ WR WKH XVHU DERXW WKH VWDWXV RI WKH = DW DQ\ JLYHQ WLPH 7KH ELW SRVLWLRQV IRU HDFK IODJ LV OLVWHG EHORZ S Z X N X P/V N C 6\PERO )LHOG 1DPH C Carry Flag N Add/Subtract P/V Parity/Overflow Flag H Half Carry Flag Z Zero Flag S Sign Flag X Not Used (DFK RI WKH WZR IODJ UHJLVWHUV FRQWDLQV ELWV RI VWDWXV LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW DUH VHW RU FOHDUHG E\ &38 RSHUDWLRQV
PAGE 95
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN IRU H[WHQGHG SUHFLVLRQ DULWKPHWLF $OVR WKH DAA LQVWUXFWLRQ VHWV WKH &DUU\ )ODJ LI WKH FRQGLWLRQV IRU PDNLQJ WKH GHFLPDO DGMXVWPHQW DUH PHW )RU LQVWUXFWLRQV RLA RRA RLS DQG RRS WKH &DUU\ ELW LV XVHG DV D OLQN EHWZHHQ WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW E\WH /6% DQG PRVW VLJQLILFDQW E\WH 06% IRU DQ\ UHJLVWHU RU PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 'XULQJ LQVWUXFWLRQV RLCA RLC DQG SLA WKH &DUU\ FRQWDLQV WKH ODVW YDOXH VKLIWHG RXW RI %LW RI DQ\ UHJLVWHU RU PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 'XULQJ LQVWUXFWLRQV RRCA
PAGE 96
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN +127 RU LV OHVV WKDQ WKH PLQLPXP SRVVLEOH QXPEHU ±128 7KLV 2YHUIORZ FRQGLWLRQ LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ H[DPLQLQJ WKH VLJQ ELWV RI WKH RSHUDQGV )RU DGGLWLRQ RSHUDQGV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW VLJQV QHYHU FDXVH 2YHUIORZ :KHQ DGGLQJ RSHUDQGV ZLWK OLNH VLJQV DQG WKH UHVXOW KDV D GLIIHUHQW VLJQ WKH 2YHUIORZ )ODJ LV VHW IRU H[DPSOH +120 = 0111 1000 ADDEND +105 = 0110 1001 AUGEND +225 = 1110 0001 (-95) SUM 7KH WZR QXPEHUV DGGHG WRJHWKHU UHVXOWHG LQ D QXPEHU WKDW H[FHHGV +127 D
PAGE 97
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %\WH &RXQW 5HJLVWHU BC :KHQ GHFUHPHQWLQJ LI WKH E\WH FRXQWHU GHFUHPHQWV WR 0 WKH IODJ LV FOHDUHG WR 0 RWKHUZLVH WKH IODJ LV VHW WR1 'XULQJ LD A, I DQG LD A, R LQVWUXFWLRQV WKH 3 9 )ODJ LV VHW ZLWK WKH YDOXH RI WKH LQWHUUXSW HQDEOH IOLS IORS IFF2 IRU VWRUDJH RU WHVWLQJ :KHQ LQSXWWLQJ D E\WH IURP DQ , 2 GHYLFH ZLWK DQ IN r C LQVWUXFWLRQ WKH 3 9 )ODJ LV DGMXVWHG WR LQGLFDWH WKH GDWD SDULW\ +DOI &DUU\ )ODJ 7KH +DOI &DUU\ )ODJ + LV VHW 1 RU FOHDUHG 0 GHSHQGL
PAGE 98
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN :KHQ LQSXWWLQJ RU RXWSXWWLQJ D E\WH EHWZHHQ D PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DQG DQ , 2 GHYLFH INI IND OUTI DQG OUTD LI WKH UHVXOW RI GHFUHPHQWLQJ WKH B 5HJLVWHU LV 0 WKH = IODJ LV 1 RWKHUZLVH WKH = IODJ LV 0 $OVR IRU E\WH LQSXWV IURP , 2 GHYLFHV XVLQJ IN r C WKH = IODJ LV VHW WR LQGLFDWH D E\WH LQSXW 6LJQ )ODJ 7KH 6LJQ )ODJ 6 VWRUHV WKH VWDWH RI WKH PRVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ELW :KHQ WKH = SHUIRUPV DULWKPHWLF RSHUDWLRQV RQ VLJQHG QXPEHUV WKH ELQDU\
PAGE 99
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW /RDG *URXS /' U U 1RGTCVKQP U U 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU U U 0 1 r r &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI DQ\ UHJLVWHU U DUH ORDGHG WR DQ\ RWKHU UHJLVWHU U U U LGHQWLILHV DQ\ RI WKH UHJLVWHUV $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U & 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 100
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' U Q 1RGTCVKQP U Q 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU U Q 0 0 r 1 1 0 n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ELW LQWHJHU Q LV ORDGHG WR DQ\ UHJLVWHU U ZKHUH U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHU $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 101
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' U +/ 1RGTCVKQP U +/ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU U +/ 0 1 r 1 1 0 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ELW FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ +/ DUH ORDGHG WR UHJLVWHU U ZKHUH U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHU $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4,6) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 102
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' U ,; G 1RGTCVKQP U ,; G 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU U ,; G 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 r 1 0 1 1 1 0 DD d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH RSHUDQG ,; G WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; VXPPHG ZLWK D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G LV ORDGHG WR UHJLVWHU U ZKHUH U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHU $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 103
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' U ,< G 1RGTCVKQP U ,< ' 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU U O< G 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 0 FD d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH RSHUDQG O< G WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< VXPPHG ZLWK D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G LV ORDGHG WR UHJLVWHU U ZKHUH U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHU $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 104
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' +/ U 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG +/ U /' 1RGTCPFU +/ U 0 1 1 1 0 r &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU U DUH ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU 7KH V\PERO U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHU $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L U 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 105
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,; G U 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG ,; G U /' 1RGTCPFU ,; G U 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 DD r d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU U DUH ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; VXPPHG ZLWK G D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU 7KH V\PERO U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHU $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 4,
PAGE 106
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,< G U 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG O< G U /' 1RGTCPFU O< G U 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 FD r d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHVLVWHU U DUH ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH VXP RI WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< DQG G D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU 7KH V\PERO U LV VSHFLILHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH IROORZLQJ WDEOH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 107
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' +/ Q 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG +/ Q /' 1RGTCPFU +/ Q 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 36 n &GUETKRVKQP ,QWHJHU n LV ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU 0 &\FOHV 3 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 108
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,; G Q 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG ,; G Q /' 1RGTCPFU ,; G Q 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 36 d n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH n RSHUDQG LV ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH VXP RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DQG WKH WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW RSHUDQG G 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 4, 3.5.3) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 109
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,< G Q 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG O< G Q /' 1RGTCPFU O< G Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 36 d n &GUETKRVKQP ,QWHJHU Q LV ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU VXPPHG ZLWK WKH WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 110
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' $ %& 1RGTCVKQP $ %& 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU $ %& 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0A &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH %& UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH ORDGHG WR WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 111
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' $ '( 1RGTCVKQP $ '( 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU $ '( 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1A &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH UHJLVWHU SDLU '( DUH ORDGHG WR WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 112
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' $ QQ 1RGTCVKQP $ QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU $ QQ 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 3A n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH RSHUDQGV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH $FFXPXODWRU 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI D E\WH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 13 (4, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 113
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' %& $ 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG %& $ /' 1RGTCPFU %& $ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH UHJLVWHU SDLU %& 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 114
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' '( $ 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG '( $ /' 1RGTCPFU '( $ 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 12 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU 0 F\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 115
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' QQ $ 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG QQ $ /' 1RGTCPFU QQ $ 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 32 n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH ORDGHG WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH RSHUDQG nn 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI nn 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 13 (4, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 116
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' $ , 1RGTCVKQP $ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU $ , 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 57 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QWHUUXSW 9HFWRU 5HJLVWHU , DUH ORDGHG WR WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 9 (4, 5) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 117
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' $ 5 1RGTCVKQP $ 5 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU $ 5 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 5F &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI 0HPRU\ 5HIUHVK 5HJLVWHU 5 DUH ORDGHG WR WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 9 (4, 5) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 118
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' , $ 1RGTCVKQP , $ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU , $ 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 47 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH ORDGHG WR WKH ,QWHUUXSW &RQWURO 9HFWRU 5HJLVWHU , 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 9 (4, 5) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 119
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' 5 $ 1RGTCVKQP 5 $ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU 5 $ 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 4F &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH ORDGHG WR WKH 0HPRU\ 5HIUHVK UHJLVWHU 5 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 9 (4, 5) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 120
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW /RDG *URXS /' GG QQ 1RGTCVKQP GG QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU GG QQ 0 0 d d 0 0 0 1 n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH LQWHJHU nn LV ORDGHG WR WKH dd UHJLVWHU SDLU ZKHUH GG GHILQHV WKH %& '( +/ RU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLUV DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 3DLU BC DE HL SP GG 00 01 10 11 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4. 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 121
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,; QQ 1RGTCVKQP ,[ QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU ,; QQ 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21 n n &GUETKRVKQP ,QWHJHU nn LV ORDGHG WR WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 14 (4, 4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 122
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,< QQ 1RGTCVKQP ,< QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU ,< QQ 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21 n n &GUETKRVKQP ,QWHJHU nn LV ORDGHG WR WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 14 (4, 4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 123
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' +/ QQ 1RGTCVKQP + QQ / QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU +/ QQ 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2A n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ UHJLVWHU / DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH QH[W KLJKHVW PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH KLJK RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI +/ UHJLVWHU + 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI nn 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 16 (4, 3, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 124
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' GG QQ 1RGTCVKQP GGK QQ GGO QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU GG QQ 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 d d 1 0 1 1 ED n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI DGGUHVV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI UHJLVWHU SDLU GG DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH QH[W KLJKHVW PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH KLJK RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI GG 5HJLVWHU SDLU GG GHILQHV %& '( +/ RU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLUV DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 3DLU BC DE HL SP GG 00 01 10 11 7KH I
PAGE 125
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,; QQ 1RGTCVKQP ,;K QQ ,;, QQ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU ,; QQ 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2A n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH DGGUHVV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH QH[W KLJKHVW PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn DUH ORDGHG WR WKH KLJK RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI ,; 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI nn 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 20 (4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 126
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' ,< QQ 1RGTCVKQP ,
PAGE 127
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' QQ +/ 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG QQ + QQ / /' 1RGTCPFU QQ +/ 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 22 n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ UHJLVWHU / DUH ORDGHG WR PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH KLJK RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI +/ UHJLVWHU + DUH ORDGHG WR WKH QH[W KLJKHVW PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI nn 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 20 (4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 128
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' QQ GG 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG QQ GGK QQ GGO /' 1RGTCPFU QQ GG 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 d d 0 0 1 1 ED n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI UHJLVWHU SDLU GG LV ORDGHG WR PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn WKH XSSHU E\WH LV ORDGHG WR PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn 5HJLVWHU SDLU GG GHILQHV HLWKHU %& '( +/ RU 63 DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 3DLU BC DE HL SP GG 00 01 10 11 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI D WZR E\WH PHPR
PAGE 129
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' QQ ,; 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG QQ ,;K QQ ,;, /' 1RGTCPFU QQ ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 22 n n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ORZ RUGHU E\WH LQ ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; LV ORDGHG WR PHPRU\ DGGUHVV nn WKH XSSHU RUGHU E\WH LV ORDGHG WR WKH QH[W KLJKHVW DGGUHVV nn 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG DIWHU WKH 2S &RGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI nn 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 20 (4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 130
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' QQ ,< 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG QQ ,
PAGE 131
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' 63 +/ 1RGTCVKQP 63 +/ 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU 63 +/ 1 1 1 r 1 0 0 1 F9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ DUH ORDGHG WR WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 20 (4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 132
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' 63 ,; 1RGTCVKQP 63 ,; 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU 63 ; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 F9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH FRQWHQWV RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DUH ORDGHG WR WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 6) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 133
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /' 63 ,< 1RGTCVKQP 63 ,< 1R %QFG /' 1RGTCPFU 63 O< 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 F9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH FRQWHQWV RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< DUH ORDGHG WR WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 6) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 134
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 386+ TT 1RGTCVKQP 63 TT/ 63 TT+ 1R %QFG 386+ 1RGTCPFU TT 1 1 q q 0 1 0 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH UHJLVWHU SDLU TT DUH SXVKHG WR WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ /,)2 ODVW LQ ILUVW RXW 6WDFN 7KH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLU KROGV WKH ELW DGGUHVV RI WKH FXUUHQW WRS RI WKH 6WDFN 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ ILUVW GHFUHPHQWV 63 DQG ORDGV WKH KLJK RUGHU E\WH RI UHJLVWHU SDLU TT WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH 63 7KH 63 LV GHFUHPHQWHG DJDLQ DQG O
PAGE 135
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 386+ ,; 1RGTCVKQP 63 ,;/ 63 ,;+ 1R %QFG 386+ 1RGTCPFU ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 E5 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DUH SXVKHG WR WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ /,)2 ODVW LQ ILUVW RXW 6WDFN 7KH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLU KROGV WKH ELW DGGUHVV RI WKH FXUUHQW WRS RI WKH 6WDFN 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ ILUVW GHFUHPHQWV 63 DQG ORDGV WKH KLJK RUGHU E\WH RI ,; WR WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ 63 WKHQ GHFUHPHQWV 63
PAGE 136
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 386+ ,< 1RGTCVKQP 63 ,
PAGE 137
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 323 TT 1RGTCVKQP TT+ 63 TT/ 63 1R %QFG 323 1RGTCPFU TT 1 1 q q 0 0 0 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH WRS WZR E\WHV RI WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ /,)2 ODVW LQ ILUVW RXW 6WDFN DUH SRSSHG WR UHJLVWHU SDLU TT 7KH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLU KROGV WKH ELW DGGUHVV RI WKH FXUUHQW WRS RI WKH 6WDFN 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ ILUVW ORDGV WR WKH ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI TT WKH E\WH DW PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI 63 WKHQ 63 LV LQFULPLQDWHG DQG WKH FRQWHQW
PAGE 138
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 323 ,; 1RGTCVKQP ,;+ 63 ,;/ 63 1R %QFG 323 1RGTCPFU ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 E1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH WRS WZR E\WHV RI WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ /,)2 ODVW LQ ILUVW RXW 6WDFN DUH SRSSHG WR ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; 7KH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLU KROGV WKH ELW DGGUHVV RI WKH FXUUHQW WRS RI WKH 6WDFN 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ ILUVW ORDGV WR WKH ORZ RUGHU SRUWLRQ RI ,; WKH E\WH DW WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI 63 WKHQ
PAGE 139
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 323 ,< 1RGTCVKQP ,<+ 63 ; ,
PAGE 140
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ([FKDQJH %ORFN 7UDQVIHU DQG 6HDUFK *URXS (; '( +/ 1RGTCVKQP '( +/ 1R %QFG (; 1RGTCPFU '( +/ 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 EB &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV '( DQG +/ DUH H[FKDQJHG 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 141
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (; $) $) 1RGTCVKQP $) $) 1R %QFG (; 1RGTCPFU $) $) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 08 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH FRQWHQWV RI WKH UHJLVWHU SDLUV $) DQG $) DUH H[FKDQJHG 5HJLVWHU SDLU $) FRQVLVWV RI UHJLVWHUV $ DQG ) 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 142
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (;; 1RGTCVKQP %& %& '( '( +/ +/ 1R %QFG (;; 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 D9 &GUETKRVKQP (DFK E\WH YDOXH LQ UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( DQG +/ LV H[FKDQJHG ZLWK WKH E\WH YDOXH LQ %& '( DQG +/ UHVSHFWLYHO\ 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 143
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (; 63 +/ 1RGTCVKQP + 63 / 63 1R %QFG (; 1RGTCPFU 63 +/ 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 E3 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ORZ RUGHU E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ LV H[FKDQJHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU 63 6WDFN 3RLQWHU DQG WKH KLJK RUGHU E\WH RI +/ LV H[FKDQJHG ZLWK WKH QH[W KLJKHVW PHPRU\ DGGUHVV 63 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 19 (4, 3, 4, 3, 5) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 144
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (; 63 ,; 1RGTCVKQP ,;+ 63 ,;/ 63 1R %QFG (; 1RGTCPFU 63 ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 E3 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ORZ RUGHU E\WH LQ ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; LV H[FKDQJHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU 63 6WDFN 3RLQWHU DQG WKH KLJK RUGHU E\WH RI ,; LV H[FKDQJHG ZLWK WKH QH[W KLJKHVW PHPRU\ DGGUHVV 63 0 F\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 145
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (; 63 ,< 1RGTCVKQP ,<+ 63 ,
PAGE 146
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /', 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG '( +/ '( '( +/ +/ %& %& /', 1RGTCPFU 63 +/ 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 A0 &GUETKRVKQP $ E\WH RI GDWD LV WUDQVIHUUHG IURP WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU 7KHQ ERWK WKHVH UHJLVWHU SDLUV DUH LQFUHPHQWHG DQG WKH %& %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU LV GHFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 16 (4,
PAGE 147
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /',5 1RGTCVKQP '( +/ '( '( +/ +/ %& ) %& 1R %QFG /',5 1RGTCPFU % 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 B0 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV E\WH LQVWUXFWLRQ WUDQVIHUV D E\WH RI GDWD IURP WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU %RWK WKHVH UHJLVWHU SDLUV DUH LQFUHPHQWHG DQG WKH %& %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU LV GHFUHPHQWHG ,I GHFUHPHQWLQJ FDXVHV WKH %&
PAGE 148
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 11111H WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 2222H WKH %& UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 0003H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKHVH FRQWHQWV + FRQWDLQV 88H + FRQWDLQV 36H + FRQWDLQV A5H + FRQWDLQV 66H + FRQWDLQV 59H + FRQWDLQV C5H WKHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI LDIR WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV DUH +/ '( %& + + + 80 FRQWDLQV FRQWDLQV FRQWDLQV FRQWDLQV FRQWDLQV
PAGE 149
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /'' 1RGTCVKQP '( +/ '( '( +/ +/ %& %& 1R %QFG /'' 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 A8 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV E\WH LQVWUXFWLRQ WUDQVIHUV D E\WH RI GDWD IURP WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU 7KHQ ERWK RI WKHVH UHJLVWHU SDLUV LQFOXGLQJ WKH %& %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH GHFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 16
PAGE 150
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /''5 1RGTCVKQP '( +/ '( ' +/ +/ %& %& 1R %QFG /''5 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 B8 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV E\WH LQVWUXFWLRQ WUDQVIHUV D E\WH RI GDWD IURP WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU WR WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU 7KHQ ERWK RI WKHVH UHJLVWHUV DV ZHOO DV WKH %& %\WH &RXQWHU DUH GHFUHPHQWHG ,I GHFUHPHQWLQJ FDXVHV %& WR JR WR ]H
PAGE 151
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 1114H WKH '( UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 2225H WKH %& UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 0003H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKHVH FRQWHQWV 1114H FRQWDLQV A5H 1113H FRQWDLQV 36H 1112H FRQWDLQV 88H 2225H FRQWDLQV C5H 2224H FRQWDLQV 59H 2223H FRQWDLQV 66H 7KHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI LDDR WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV DUH +/ '( '& FRQWDLQV FRQWDLQV FRQWDLQV 1114H FRQWDLQV 1113H FRQWDLQV 1112H FRQWD
PAGE 152
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &3, 1RGTCVKQP $ +/ +/ +/ %& %& 1R %QFG &3, 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 A1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH +/ UHJLVWHU LV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,Q FDVH RI D WUXH FRPSDUH D FRQGLWLRQ ELW LV VHW 7KHQ +/ LV LQFUHPHQWHG DQG WKH %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU %& LV GHFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 16 (4, 4, 3, 5) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 153
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &3,5 1RGTCVKQP $ +/ +/ +/ %& %& 1R %QFG &3,5 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 B1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU LV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,Q FDVH RI D WUXH FRPSDUH D FRQGLWLRQ ELW LV VHW +/ LV LQFUHPHQWHG DQG WKH %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU %& LV GHFUHPHQWHG ,I GHFUHPHQWLQJ FDXVHV %& WR JR WR ]HUR RU LI $ +/ WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ LV WHUPLQDWHG
PAGE 154
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 1111H WKH $FFXPXODWRU FRQWDLQV F3H WKH %\WH &RXQWHU FRQWDLQV 0007H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKHVH FRQWHQWV 1111H FRQWDLQV 52H 1112H FRQWDLQV 00H 1113H FRQWDLQV F3H 7KHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI CPIR WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ LV 1114H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH %\WH &RXQWHU LV 0004H WKH 3 9 IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU VHWV DQG WKH = IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU VHWV 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 155
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &3' 1RGTCVKQP $ +/ +/ +/ %& %& 1R %QFG &3' 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 A9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU LV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,Q FDVH RI D WUXH FRPSDUH D FRQGLWLRQ ELW LV VHW 7KH +/ DQG %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU %& DUH GHFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 16 (4, 4, 3, 5) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 156
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &3'5 1RGTCVKQP $ +/ +/ +/ %& %& 1R %QFG &3'5 1RGTCPFU ² 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 B9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU LV FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,Q FDVH RI D WUXH FRPSDUH D FRQGLWLRQ ELW LV VHW 7KH +/ DQG %& %\WH &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLUV DUH GHFUHPHQWHG ,I GHFUHPHQWLQJ FDXVHV WKH %& WR JR WR ]HUR RU LI $ +/ WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ LV WHUPLQDWHG ,I %&
PAGE 157
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 1118H WKH $FFXPXODWRU FRQWDLQV F3H WKH %\WH &RXQWHU FRQWDLQV 0007H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKHVH FRQWHQWV 1118H FRQWDLQV 52H 1117H FRQWDLQV 00H 1116H FRQWDLQV F3H 7KHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI CPDR WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ DUH 1115H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH %\WH &RXQWHU DUH 0004H WKH 3 9 IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU VHWV DQG WKH = IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU VHWV 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 158
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW $ULWKPHWLF *URXS $'' $ U 1RGTCVKQP $ $ U 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU $ U 1 0 0 0 0 r &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU U DUH DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU 7KH V\PERO U LGHQWLILHV WKH UHJLVWHUV $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L U 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 159
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH 44H DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 11H DW H[HFXWLRQ RI ADD A,C WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH 55H 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 160
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'' $ Q 1RGTCVKQP $ $ Q 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU $ Q 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 C6 n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH LQWHJHU Q LV DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOWV DUH VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 161
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'' $ +/ 1RGTCVKQP $ $ +/ 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU $ +/ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 86 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH DW WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU LV DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 7 (4, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 162
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'' $ ,; G 1RGTCVKQP $ $ ,; G 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU $ ,; G 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 86 d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU ,; LV DGGHG WR D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW G WR SRLQW WR DQ DGGUHVV LQ PHPRU\ 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV DGGUHVV LV WKHQ DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 16 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 163
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'' $ ,< G 1RGTCVKQP $ $ ,' G 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU $ ,< G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 86 d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU ,< LV DGGHG WR D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW G WR SRLQW WR DQ DGGUHVV LQ PHPRU\ 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV DGGUHVV LV WKHQ DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 16 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 164
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'& $ V 1RGTCVKQP $ $ V &< 1R %QFG $'& 1RGTCPFU $ V 7KLV V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ADC A,r 1 0 0 0 1 ADC A,n 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 CE r* n ADC A, (HL) 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 8E ADC A, (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 DD 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 8E d ADC A, (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD
PAGE 165
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH V RSHUDQG DORQJ ZLWK WKH &DUU\ )ODJ & LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU LV DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ 0 &\FOH ADC A, r 1 ADC A, n 2 ADC A, (HL) 2 ADC A, (IX+d) 5 ADC A, (lY+d) 5 7 6WDWHV 4 7 (4, 3) 7 (4, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.00 1.75 1.75 4.75 4.
PAGE 166
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 68% V 1RGTCVKQP $ $ V 1R %QFG 68% 1RGTCPFU V 7KLV V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH SUB r 1 0 0 1 0 SUB n 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 D6 r* n SUB (HL) 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 96 SUB (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 96 d SUB (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
PAGE 167
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH V RSHUDQG LV VXEWUDFWHG IURP WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ SUB r SUB n SUB (HL) SUB (IX+d) SUB (lY+d) 0 &\FOH 1 2 2 5 5 7 6WDWHV 4 7 (4, 3) 7 (4, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.00 1.75 1.75 4.75 4.
PAGE 168
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6%& $ V 1RGTCVKQP $ $ V &< 1R %QFG 6%& 1RGTCPFU $ V 7KH V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH SBC A, r 1 0 0 1 1 SBC A, n 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 DE r* n SBC A, (HL) 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 9E SBC A, (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 9E d SBC A, (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1
PAGE 169
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH V RSHUDQG DORQJ ZLWK WKH &DUU\ IODJ & LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU LV VXEWUDFWHG IURP WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ 0 &\FOHV 7 6WDWHV SBC A, r 1 4 SBC A, n 2 7(4, 3) SBC A, (HL) 2 7 (4, 3) SBC A, (IX+d) 5 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) SBC A, (lY+d) 5 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.00 1.75 1,75 4.75 4.
PAGE 170
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $1' V 1RGTCVKQP $ $ ¾ V 1R %QFG $1' 1RGTCPFU V 7KH V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH AND r* 1 0 1 0 0 AND n 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 E6 r* n AND (HL) 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 A6 AND (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 A6 d AND (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
PAGE 171
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP $ ORJLFDO $1' RSHUDWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG EHWZHHQ WKH E\WH VSHFLILHG E\ WKH V RSHUDQG DQG WKH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ AND r AND n AND (HL) AND (IX+d) AND (IX+d) 0 &\FOHV 1 2 2 5 5 7 6WDWHV 4 7 (4, 3) 7 (4, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3. 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.00 1.75 1.75 4.75 4.
PAGE 172
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 25 V 1RGTCVKQP $ $ ¿ V 1R %QFG 25 1RGTCPFU V 7KH V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH OR r* 1 0 1 1 0 OR n 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 F6 r* n OR (HL) 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 B6 OR (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 B6 d OR (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 B6
PAGE 173
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP $ ORJLFDO 25 RSHUDWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG EHWZHHQ WKH E\WH VSHFLILHG E\ WKH V RSHUDQG DQG WKH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ OR r OR n OR (HL) OR (IX+d) OR (lY+d) 0 F\FOHV 1 2 2 5 5 7 6WDWHV 4 7 (4, 3) 7 (4, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.00 1.75 1.75 4.75 4.
PAGE 174
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ;25 V 1RGTCVKQP $ $ ª V 1R %QFG ;25 1RGTCPFU V 7KH V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH OR r* 1 0 1 1 0 OR n 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 F6 r* n OR (HL) 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 B6 OR (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 B6 d OR (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
PAGE 175
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 1l1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ORJLFDO H[FOXVLYH 25 RSHUDWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG EHWZHHQ WKH E\WH VSHFLILHG E\ WKH V RSHUDQG DQG WKH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ XOR r XOR n XOR (HL) XOR (IX+d) XOR (lY+d) 0 &\FOHV 1 2 2 5 5 7 6WDWHV 0+] ( 7 4 1.00 7 (4, 3) 1.75 7 (4, 3) 1.75 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 4.75 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 4.
PAGE 176
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &3 V 1RGTCVKQP $ V 1R %QFG &3 1RGTCPFU V 7KH V RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U Q +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV $'' LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH CP r* 1 0 1 1 1 CP n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 FE r* n CP (HL) 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 BE CP (IX+d) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 BE d CP (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 BE d
PAGE 177
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH V RSHUDQG DUH FRPSDUHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,I WKHUH LV D WUXH FRPSDUH WKH = IODJ LV VHW 7KH H[HFXWLRQ RI WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ GRHV QRW DIIHFW WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU ,QVWUXFWLRQ CP r CP n CP (HL) CP (IX+d) CP (lY+d) 0 &\FOHV 7 6WDWHV 1 4 2 7(4, 3) 2 7 (4, 3) 5 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 5 19 (4, 4, 3, 5, 3) 0+] ( 7 1.00 1.75 1.75 4.75 4.
PAGE 178
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& U 1RGTCVKQP U U 1R %QFG ,1& 1RGTCPFU U 0 0 r 1 0 0 &GUETKRVKQP 5HJLVWHU U LV LQFUHPHQWHG DQG UHJLVWHU U LGHQWLILHV DQ\ RI WKH UHJLVWHUV $ % & ' ( + RU / DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU A B C D E H L 111 000 001 010 011 100 101 U 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 179
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& +/ 1RGTCVKQP +/ +/ 1R %QFG ,1& 1RGTCPFU +/ 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 34 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU LV LQFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 3 7 6WDWHV 11 (4, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 180
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& ,; G 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG ,; G ,; G ,1& 1RGTCPFU ,; G 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 34 d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; UHJLVWHU SDLU ,; DUH DGGHG WR D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G WR SRLQW WR DQ DGGUHVV LQ PHPRU\ 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV DGGUHVV DUH WKHQ LQFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 181
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& ,< G 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG O< G O< G ,1& 1RGTCPFU O< G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 34 d &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< UHJLVWHU SDLU ,< DUH DGGHG WR D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G WR SRLQW WR DQ DGGUHVV LQ PHPRU\ 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKLV DGGUHVV DUH WKHQ LQFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 182
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN '(& P 1RGTCVKQP P P 1R %QFG '(& 1RGTCPFU P 7KH P RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV ,1& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH DEC r* 0 0 DEC (HL) 0 0 1 1 DEC (IX+d) 1 1 0 0 0 1 r 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 35 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 0 1 35 d DEC (IY+d) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 35 d U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & '
PAGE 183
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH VSHFLILHG E\ WKH P RSHUDQG LV GHFUHPHQWHG ,QVWUXFWLRQ DEC r DEC (HL) DEC (IX+d) DEC (lY+d) 0 &\FOHV 1 3 6 6 7 6WDWHV 0+] ( 7 4 1.00 11 (4, 4, 3) 2.75 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 5.75 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 5.
PAGE 184
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN *HQHUDO 3XUSRVH $ULWKPHWLF DQG &38 &RQWURO *URXSV '$$ 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG '$$ 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 27 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ FRQGLWLRQDOO\ DGMXVWV WKH $FFXPXODWRU IRU %&' DGGLWLRQ DQG VXEWUDFWLRQ RSHUDWLRQV )RU DGGLWLRQ ADD ADC INC RU VXEWUDFWLRQ SUB SBC DEC NEG WKH IROORZLQJ WDEOH LQGLFDWHV WKH RSHUDWLRQ SHUIRUPHG +H[ 9DOXH ,Q /RZHU +H[ 9DOXH ,Q & %HIRUH 8SSHU 'LJLW + %HIRUH 'LJLW ELW 2SHUDWLRQ '$$ ELW '$$ 1XPEHU $GGHG 7R & $IWHU %\WH '
PAGE 185
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 186
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &3/ 1RGTCVKQP $ $ 1R %QFG &3/ 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2F &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DUH LQYHUWHG RQH¶V FRPSOHPHQW 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 187
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 1(* 1RGTCVKQP $ $ 1R %QFG 1(* 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 44 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH QHJDWHG WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW 7KLV LV WKH VDPH DV VXEWUDFWLQJ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU IURP ]HUR 1RWH WKDW + LV OHIW XQFKDQJHG 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 188
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &&) 1RGTCVKQP &< &< 1R %QFG &&) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 3F &GUETKRVKQP 7KH &DUU\ IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU LV LQYHUWHG 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 189
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6&) 1RGTCVKQP &< 1R %QFG 6&) 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 37 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH &DUU\ IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU LV VHW 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 190
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 123 1RGTCVKQP ² 1R %QFG 123 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH &38 SHUIRUPV QR RSHUDWLRQ GXULQJ WKLV PDFKLQH F\FOH 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 191
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN +$/7 1RGTCVKQP ² 1R %QFG +$/7 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 76 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH +$/7 LQVWUXFWLRQ VXVSHQGV &38 RSHUDWLRQ XQWLO D VXEVHTXHQW LQWHUUXSW RU UHVHW LV UHFHLYHG :KLOH LQ WKH +$/7 VWDWH WKH SURFHVVRU H[HFXWHV 123V WR PDLQWDLQ PHPRU\ UHIUHVK ORJLF 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 192
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ', 1RGTCVKQP ,)) 1R %QFG ', 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 F3 &GUETKRVKQP ', GLVDEOHV WKH PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW E\ UHVHWWLQJ WKH LQWHUUXSW HQDEOH IOLS IORSV ,)) DQG ,)) 1RWH WKDW WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ GLVDEOHV WKH PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW GXULQJ LWV H[HFXWLRQ 0 F\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 193
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN (, 1RGTCVKQP ,)) 1R %QFG (, 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 FB &GUETKRVKQP 7KH HQDEOH LQWHUUXSW LQVWUXFWLRQ VHWV ERWK LQWHUUXSW HQDEOH IOLS IORSV ,)), DQG ,)) WR D ORJLF DOORZLQJ UHFRJQLWLRQ RI DQ\ PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW 1RWH WKDW GXULQJ WKH H[HFXWLRQ RI WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ DQG WKH IROORZLQJ LQVWUXFWLRQ PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSWV DUH GLVDEOHG 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 194
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,0 1RGTCVKQP ² 1R %QFG ,0 1RGTCPFU 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 56 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ,0 LQVWUXFWLRQ VHWV LQWHUUXSW PRGH ,Q WKLV PRGH WKH LQWHUUXSWLQJ GHYLFH FDQ LQVHUW DQ\ LQVWUXFWLRQ RQ WKH GDWD EXV IRU H[HFXWLRQ E\ WKH &38 7KH ILUVW E\WH RI D PXOWL E\WH LQVWUXFWLRQ LV UHDG GXULQJ WKH LQWHUUXSW DFNQRZOHGJH F\FOH 6XEVHTXHQW E\WHV DUH UHDG LQ E\ D QRUPDO PHPRU\ UHDG VHTXHQFH 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 195
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,0 1RGTCVKQP ² 1R %QFG ,0 1RGTCPFU 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 56 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ,0 LQVWUXFWLRQ VHWV LQWHUUXSW PRGH ,Q WKLV PRGH WKH SURFHVVRU UHVSRQGV WR DQ LQWHUUXSW E\ H[HFXWLQJ D UHVWDUW WR ORFDWLRQ + 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 196
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,0 1RGTCVKQP ² 1R %QFG ,0 1RGTCPFU 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 56 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH ,0 LQVWUXFWLRQ VHWV WKH YHFWRUHG LQWHUUXSW PRGH 7KLV PRGH DOORZV DQ LQGLUHFW FDOO WR DQ\ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ E\ DQ ELW YHFWRU VXSSOLHG IURP WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH 7KLV YHFWRU WKHQ EHFRPHV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW HLJKW ELWV RI WKH LQGLUHFW SRLQWHU ZKLOH WKH , UHJLVWHU LQ WKH &38 SURYLGHV WKH PRVW VLJQLILFDQW HLJKW ELWV 7KLV DGGUHVV SRLQWV WR DQ DGGUHVV
PAGE 197
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW $ULWKPHWLF *URXS $'' +/ VV 1RGTCVKQP +/ +/ VV 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU +/ VV 0 0 s s 1 0 0 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU VV DQ\ RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( +/ RU 63 DUH DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ +/ 2SHUDQG VV LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE HL SP VV 00 01 10 11 0 &\FOHV 3 7 6WDWHV 11 (4, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 198
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'& +/ VV 1RGTCVKQP +/ +/ VV &< 1R %QFG $'& 1RGTCPFU +/ VV 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 s s 1 0 1 0 ED &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU VV DQ\ RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( +/ RU 63 DUH DGGHG ZLWK WKH &DUU\ IODJ & IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ +/ 2SHUDQG VV LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE HL SP 0 &\FOHV 4 VV 00 01 10 11 7 6WDWHV 15 (4, 4
PAGE 199
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6%& +/ VV 1RGTCVKQP +/ +, VV &< 1R %QFG 6%& 1RGTCPFU +/ VV 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 s s 0 0 1 0 ED &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH UHJLVWHU SDLU VV DQ\ RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( +/ RU 63 DQG WKH &DUU\ )ODJ & IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU DUH VXEWUDFWHG IURP WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ +/ 2SHUDQG VV LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE HL SP 0 &\FOHV 4 VV 00 01 10 11 7 6WDWH
PAGE 200
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'' ,; SS 1RGTCVKQP ,; ,; SS 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU ,; SS 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 p p 1 0 0 1 DD &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU SS DQ\ RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( ,; RU 63 DUH DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DQG WKH UHVXOWV DUH VWRUHG LQ ,; 2SHUDQG SS LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE IX SP 0 &\FOHV 4 SS 00 01 10 11 7 6WDWHV 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 201
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN $'' ,< UU 1RGTCVKQP ,< ,< UU 1R %QFG $'' 1RGTCPFU ,< UU 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 r r 1 0 0 1 FD &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU UU DQ\ RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( ,< RU 63 DUH DGGHG WR WKH FRQWHQWV RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< DQG WKH UHVXOW LV VWRUHG LQ ,< 2SHUDQG UU LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE IY SP 00 01 10 11 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) UU 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 202
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& VV 1RGTCVKQP VV VV 1R %QFG ,1& 1RGTCPFU VV 0 0 s s 0 0 1 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU VV DQ\ RI UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( +/ RU 63 DUH LQFUHPHQWHG 2SHUDQG VV LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE HL SP 0 &\FOHV 1 VV 00 01 10 11 7 6WDWHV 6 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 203
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& ,; 1RGTCVKQP ,; ,; 1R %QFG ,1& 1RGTCPFU ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 23 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DUH LQFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 6) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 204
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1& ,< 1RGTCVKQP ,< ,< 1R %QFG ,1& 1RGTCPFU ,< 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 23 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< DUH LQFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 6) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 205
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN '(& VV 1RGTCVKQP VV VV 1R %QFG '(& 1RGTCPFU VV 0 0 s s 1 0 1 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU VV DQ\ RI WKH UHJLVWHU SDLUV %& '( +/ RU 63 DUH GHFUHPHQWHG 2SHUDQG ss LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU 3DLU BC DE HL SP 0 &\FOHV 1 VV 00 01 10 11 7 6WDWHV 6 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 206
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN '(& ,; 1RGTCVKQP ,; ,; 1R %QFG '(& 1RGTCPFU ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2B &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DUH GHFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 6) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 207
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN '(& ,< 1RGTCVKQP ,< ,< 1R %QFG '(& 1RGTCPFU ,< 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 2B &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< DUH GHFUHPHQWHG 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 6) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 208
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5RWDWH DQG 6KLIW *URXS 5/&$ 1RGTCVKQP 7 CY 0 A 1R %QFG 5/&$ 1RGTCPFU ² 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 07 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH VLJQ ELW ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 F\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 209
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/$ 1RGTCVKQP 7 0 CY A 1R %QFG 5/$ 1RGTCPFU ² 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 17 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ WKURXJK WKH &DUU\ IODJ 7KH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQW RI WKH &DUU\ IODJ LV FRSLHG WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 210
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 55&$ 1RGTCVKQP 7 0 CY A 1R %QFG 55&$ 1RGTCPFU ² 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0F 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DUH URWDWHG ULJKW ELW SRVLWLRQ %LW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 211
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 55$ 1RGTCVKQP 7 0 CY A 1R %QFG 55$ 1RGTCPFU ² 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1F &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DUH URWDWHG ULJKW ELW SRVLWLRQ WKURXJK WKH &DUU\ IODJ 7KH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQW RI WKH &DUU\ IODJ LV FRSLHG WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 212
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/& U 1RGTCVKQP 7 CY 0 r 1R %QFG 5/& 1RGTCPFU U 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 CB r &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU U DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW 2SHUDQG U LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 213
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU U DUH 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RLC r WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU U DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 214
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/& +/ 1RGTCVKQP 7 CY 0 (HL) 1R %QFG 5/& 1RGTCPFU +/ 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 06 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 215
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RLC(HL) WKH FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ + DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 216
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/& ,; G 1RGTCVKQP 7 CY 0 (IX+d) 1R %QFG 5/& 1RGTCPFU ,; G 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 0 1 1 0 06 d 0 0 0 0 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH VXP RI WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DQG D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4
PAGE 217
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RLC (IX+2H) WKH FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 1002H DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 218
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/& ,< G 1RGTCVKQP 7 CY 0 (IY+d) 1R %QFG 5/& 1RGTCPFU O< G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 0 1 1 0 06 d 0 0 0 0 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV VSHFLILHG E\ WKH VXP RI WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,< DQG D WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW LQWHJHU G DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4,
PAGE 219
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RLC (IY+2H) WKH FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 1002H DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 220
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/ P 1RGTCVKQP CY 7 0 m 1R %QFG 3/ 1RGTCPFU P 7KH P RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 3/& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH RL r* RL (HL) RL (IX+d) 1 CB 1 1 CB 1 1 0 16 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 r* d RL (IY+d) 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 16
PAGE 221
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ILHOG DERYH 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH P RSHUDQG DUH URWDWHG OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG WKH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQW RI WKH &DUU\ IODJ LV FRSLHG WR ELW ,QVWUXFWLRQ RL r RL(HL) 4 RL(IX+d) RL(IY+d) 0 &\FOHV 7 6WDWHV 2 8 (4, 4) 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3)
PAGE 222
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RL D WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU ' DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 223
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 55& P 1RGTCVKQP 7 0 CY m 1R %QFG 55& 1RGTCPFU P 7KH P RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 5/& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH RRC r* RRC (HL) RRC (IX+d) 1 CB 1 1 CB 1 1 0 OE 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 r* d RRC (IY+d) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
PAGE 224
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ILHOG DERYH 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH P RSHUDQG DUH URWDWHG ULJKW ELW SRVLWLRQ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG DOVR WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW ,QVWUXFWLRQ RRC r RRC (HL) RRC (IX+d) RRC (lY+d) 0 F\FOHV 2 4 6 6 7 6WDWHV 0+] ( 7 8 (4, 4) 2.00 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 3.
PAGE 225
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RRC A WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU $ DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 226
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 55 P 1RGTCVKQP 7 0 CY m 1R %QFG 55 1RGTCPFU P 7KH P RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 5/& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH RR r* RR (HL) RR (IX+d) 1 CB 1 1 CB 1 1 0 1E 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 r* d RR (IY+d) 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1E
PAGE 227
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ILHOG DERYH 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI RSHUDQG P DUH URWDWHG ULJKW ELW SRVLWLRQ WKURXJK WKH &DUU\ IODJ 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG WKH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQW RI WKH &DUU\ IODJ LV FRSLHG WR ELW %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW ,QVWUXFWLRQ RR r RR (HL) RR (IX+d) RR (lY+d) 0 &\FOHV 7 6WDWHV 2 8 (4, 4) 4 15 (4
PAGE 228
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RR (HL) WKH FRQWHQWV RI ORFDWLRQ + DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 229
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6/$ P 1RGTCVKQP 7 CY 0 0 m 1R %QFG 6/$ 1RGTCPFU P 7KH P RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 5/& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH SLA r* SLA (HL) SLA (IX+d) 1 CB 1 1 CB 1 1 0 26 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 r* d SLA (IY+d) 0 0 1 0 0
PAGE 230
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ILHOG DERYH 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP $Q DULWKPHWLF VKLIW OHIW ELW SRVLWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG RQ WKH FRQWHQWV RI RSHUDQG P 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW ,QVWUXFWLRQ SLAr SLA(HL) SLA(IX+d) SLA(IY+d) 0 &\FOHV 7 6WDWHV 2 8 (4, 4) 4 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 0
PAGE 231
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DW H[HFXWLRQ RI SLA L WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU / DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 C 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 232
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 65$ P 1RGTCVKQP 7 0 CY m 1R %QFG 65$ 1RGTCPFU P 7KH P RSHUDQG LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 3/& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH SRA r* SRA (HL) SRA (IX+d) 1 CB 1 1 CB 1 1 0 2E 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 r* d SRA (IY+d) 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
PAGE 233
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ILHOG DERYH 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP $Q DULWKPHWLF VKLIW ULJKW ELW SRVLWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG RQ WKH FRQWHQWV RI RSHUDQG P 7KH FRQWHQW RI ELW LV FRSLHG WR WKH &DUU\ IODJ DQG WKH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQW RI ELW LV XQFKDQJHG %LW LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW ,QVWUXFWLRQ SRA r SRA (HL) SRA (IX+d) SRA (lY+d) 0 &\FOHV 2 4 6 6 7 6WDWHV 0+] ( 7 8 (4, 4)
PAGE 234
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN DW H[HFXWLRQ RI SRA (IX+3H) WKH FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ + DQG WKH &DUU\ IODJ DUH 80 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 C 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 235
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 65/ P 1RGTCVKQP 0 7 0 CY m 1R %QFG 65/ 1RGTCPFU P 7KH RSHUDQG P LV DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 5/& LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 236
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN SRL r* SRL (HL) SRL (IX+d) 1 CB 1 1 CB 1 1 0 3E 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 r* d SRL (IY+d) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 3E 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 1 0 3E d 0 0 1 1 U LGHQWLILHV UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH ILHOG DERYH &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI RSHUDQG P DUH VKLIWHG ULJKW ELW SRVL
PAGE 237
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN SRL (lY+d) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 5.
PAGE 238
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5/' 1RGTCVKQP A 7 4 3 0 7 4 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 6F 1R %QFG 5/' 1RGTCPFU ² 0 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ORZ RUGHU IRXU ELWV ELWV DQG RI WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ +/ DUH FRSLHG WR WKH KLJK RUGHU IRXU ELWV DQG RI WKDW VDPH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ WKH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQWV RI WKRVH KLJK RUGHU IRXU ELWV DUH FRSLHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU IRXU ELWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DQG WKH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQWV RI WKH ORZ RUGH
PAGE 239
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH 5000H DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 5000H DUH 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 Accumulator (5000H) DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RLD WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 5000H DUH 80 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Accumulator (5000H) = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 240
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 55' 1RGTCVKQP A 7 4 3 0 7 4 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 67 1R %QFG 55' 1RGTCPFU ² 0 (HL) &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ORZ RUGHU IRXU ELWV ELWV DQG RI PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ +/ DUH FRSLHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU IRXU ELWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ 7KH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQWV RI WKH ORZ RUGHU IRXU ELWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DUH FRSLHG WR WKH KLJK RUGHU IRXU ELWV DQG RI ORFDWLRQ +/ DQG WKH SUHYLRXV FRQWHQWV RI WKH KLJK
PAGE 241
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH 5000H DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 5000H DUH 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Accumulator (5000H) DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RRD WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 5000H DUH 80 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Accumulator (5000H) = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 242
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW 6HW 5HVHW DQG 7HVW *URXS %,7 E U 1RGTCVKQP = UE 1R %QFG %,7 1RGTCPFU E U 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB r b &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ WHVWV ELW E LQ UHJLVWHU U DQG VHWV WKH = IODJ DFFRUGLQJO\ 2SHUDQGV E DQG U DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 &\FOHV 2 80 E 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 243
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %QPFKVKQP $KVU #HHGEVGF 6 LV XQNQRZQ = LV VHW LI VSHFLILHG ELW LV UHVHW RWKHUZLVH + LV VHW 3 9 LV XQNQRZQ 1 LV UHVHW & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I ELW LQ UHJLVWHU % FRQWDLQV DW H[HFXWLRQ RI BIT 2, B WKH = IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU FRQWDLQV DQG ELW LQ UHJLVWHU % UHPDLQV %LW LQ UHJLVWHU % LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 244
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %,7 E +/ 1RGTCVKQP = +/ E 1R %QFG %,7 1RGTCPFU E +/ 1 1 0 0 1 0 b 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 CB &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ WHVWV ELW E LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DQG VHWV WKH = IODJ DFFRUGLQJO\ 2SHUDQG E LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 E 0 &\FOHV 3 7 6WDWHV 12 (4, 4, 4) 4 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 245
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 4444H DQG ELW LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 444H FRQWDLQV DW H[HFXWLRQ RI BIT 4, (HL) WKH = IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU FRQWDLQV DQG ELW LQ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 4444H VWLOO FRQWDLQV %LW LQ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 4444H LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 246
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %,7 E ,; G 1RGTCVKQP = ,; G E 1R %QFG %,7 1RGTCPFU E ,; G 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 d 0 1 b &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ WHVWV ELW E LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU ,; FRPELQHG ZLWK WKH WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW G DQG VHWV WKH = IODJ DFFRUGLQJO\ 2SHUDQG E LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 80 %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110
PAGE 247
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %QPFKVKQP $KVU #HHGEVGF 6 LV XQNQRZQ = LV VHW LI VSHFLILHG %LW LV UHVHW RWKHUZLVH + LV VHW 3 9 LV XQNQRZQ 1 LV UHVHW & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI ,QGH[ 5HJLVWHU ,; DUH 2000H DQG ELW LQ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 2004H FRQWDLQV DW H[HFXWLRQ RI BIT 6, (IX+4H) WKH = IODJ LQ WKH ) UHJLVWHU FRQWDLQV DQG ELW LQ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 2004H VWLOO FRQWDLQV %LW LQ PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ 2004H LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 248
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %,7 E ,< G 1RGTCVKQP = ,< G E 1R %QFG %,7 1RGTCPFU E O< G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 d 0 1 b &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ WHVWV ELW E LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQW RI UHJLVWHU SDLU ,< FRPELQHG ZLWK WKH WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW G DQG VHWV WKH = IODJ DFFRUGLQJO\ 2SHUDQG E LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 249
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 E 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 20 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 250
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6(7 E U 1RGTCVKQP UE 1R %QFG 6(7 1RGTCPFU E U 1 1 1 1 0 0 b 1 0 1 1 CB r &GUETKRVKQP %LW E LQ UHJLVWHU U DQ\ RI UHJLVWHUV % & ' ( + / RU $ LV VHW 2SHUDQGV E DQG U DUH VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH %LW 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 &\FOHV 2 E 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 7 6WDWHV 0+] ( 7 8 (4, 4) 2.
PAGE 251
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6(7 E +/ 1RGTCVKQP +/ E 1R %QFG 6(7 1RGTCPFU E +/ 1 1 1 1 0 0 b 1 0 1 1 CB r &GUETKRVKQP %LW E LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU SDLU +/ LV VHW 2SHUDQG E LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 3.
PAGE 252
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6(7 E ,; G 1RGTCVKQP ,; G E 1R %QFG 6(7 1RGTCPFU E ,; G &GUETKRVKQP %LW E LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH VXP RI WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,; UHJLVWHU SDLU DQG WKH WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW LQWHJHU G LV VHW 2SHUDQG E LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 E 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 5.
PAGE 253
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6(7 E ,< G 1RGTCVKQP ,< G E 1R %QFG 6(7 1RGTCPFU E ,< G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 CB 1 1 0 d 1 1 b &GUETKRVKQP %LW E LQ WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ DGGUHVVHG E\ WKH VXP RI WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,< UHJLVWHU SDLU DQG WKH WZR¶V FRPSOHPHQW GLVSODFHPHQW G LV VHW 2SHUDQG E LV VSHFLILHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH %LW 7HVWHG 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 E 0 &\FOHV 6 7 6WDWHV 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3)
PAGE 254
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5(6 E P 1RGTCVKQP VE 1R %QFG 5(6 1RGTCPFU E P 2SHUDQG E LV DQ\ ELW WKURXJK RI WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH P RSHUDQG DQ\ RI U +/ ,; G RU O< G DV GHILQHG IRU WKH DQDORJRXV 6(7 LQVWUXFWLRQV 7KHVH SRVVLEOH 2S &RGH RSHUDQG FRPELQDWLRQV DUH DVVHPEOHG DV IROORZV LQ WKH REMHFW FRGH RES b, rn RES b, (HL) RES b, (IX+d) 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 CB CB r b 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 DD 1 0 1 1 CB 1
PAGE 255
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %LW 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 E 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 5HJLVWHU B C D E H L A U 000 001 010 011 100 101 111 &GUETKRVKQP %LW E LQ RSHUDQG P LV UHVHW ,QVWUXFWLRQ RES r RES (HL) RES (IX+d) RES (lY+d) 0 &\FOHV 7 6WDWHV 4 8 (4, 4) 4 15 (4, 4, 4, 3) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 6 23 (4, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.00 3.75 5.75 5.
PAGE 256
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -XPS *URXS -3 QQ 1RGTCVKQP 3& QQ 1R %QFG -3 1RGTCPFU QQ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 C3 n n Note: The first operand in this assembled object code is the low order byte of a two-byte address. &GUETKRVKQP 2SHUDQG nn LV ORDGHG WR UHJLVWHU SDLU 3& 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 7KH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 0 &\FOHV 3 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 257
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -3 FF QQ 1RGTCVKQP ,) FF WUXH 3& QQ 1R %QFG -3 1RGTCPFU FF QQ 1 1 00 0 1 0 n n 7KH ILUVW n RSHUDQG LQ WKLV DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH LV WKH ORZ RUGHU E\WH RI D E\WH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV &GUETKRVKQP ,I FRQGLWLRQ cc LV WUXH WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ ORDGV RSHUDQG nn WR UHJLVWHU SDLU 3& 3URJUDP &RXQWHU DQG WKH SURJUDP FRQWLQXHV ZLWK WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ EHJLQQLQJ DW DGGUHVV nn ,I FRQGLWLRQ cc LV IDOVH WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU LV LQFUHPHQWHG DV XVXDO DQG WKH SURJUDP FRQWLQXHV
PAGE 258
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 0 &\FOHV 3 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 259
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -5 H 1RGTCVKQP 3& 3& H 1R %QFG -5 1RGTCPFU H 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 18 e-2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ SURYLGHV IRU XQFRQGLWLRQDO EUDQFKLQJ WR RWKHU VHJPHQWV RI D SURJUDP 7KH YDOXH RI WKH GLVSODFHPHQW e LV DGGHG WR WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DQG WKH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 7KLV MXPS LV PHDVXUHG IURP WKH DGGUHVV RI WKH LQVWUXFWLRQ 2S &RGH DQG KDV D UDQJH RI WR E\WHV 7KH DVVHPEOHU DXW
PAGE 260
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -5 & H 1RGTCVKQP ,I & FRQWLQXH ,I & 3& 3& H 1R %QFG -5 1RGTCPFU & H 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 38 e-2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ SURYLGHV IRU FRQGLWLRQDO EUDQFKLQJ WR RWKHU VHJPHQWV RI D SURJUDP GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH UHVXOWV RI D WHVW RQ WKH &DUU\ )ODJ ,I WKH IODJ LV HTXDO WR D WKH YDOXH RI WKH GLVSODFHPHQW H LV DGGHG WR WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DQG WKH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 7KH MXPS
PAGE 261
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /RFDWLRQ 47C 47D 47E 47F 480 481 80 ,QVWUXFWLRQ PC after jump 38 FA (two’s complement - 6) = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 262
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -5 1& H 1RGTCVKQP ,I & FRQWLQXH ,I & 3& 3& H 1R %QFG -5 1RGTCPFU 1& H 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 30 e-2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ SURYLGHV IRU FRQGLWLRQDO EUDQFKLQJ WR RWKHU VHJPHQWV RI D SURJUDP GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH UHVXOWV RI D WHVW RQ WKH &DUU\ )ODJ ,I WKH IODJ LV HTXDO WR WKH YDOXH RI WKH GLVSODFHPHQW e LV DGGHG WR WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DQG WKH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 7KH MXP
PAGE 263
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /RFDWLRQ 480 481 80 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 30 PC after jump 00 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 264
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -5 = H 1RGTCVKQP ,I = FRQWLQXH ,I = 3& 3& H 1R %QFG -5 1RGTCPFU = H 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 28 e-2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ SURYLGHV IRU FRQGLWLRQDO EUDQFKLQJ WR RWKHU VHJPHQWV RI D SURJUDP GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH UHVXOWV RI D WHVW RQ WKH =HUR )ODJ ,I WKH IODJ LV HTXDO WR D WKH YDOXH RI WKH GLVSODFHPHQW H LV DGGHG WR WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DQG WKH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 7KH MXPS L
PAGE 265
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /RFDWLRQ 300 301 302 303 304 305 80 ,QVWUXFWLRQ 28 03 PC after jump = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 266
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -5 1= H 1RGTCVKQP ,I = FRQWLQXH ,I = 3& SF H 1R %QFG -5 1RGTCPFU 1= H 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 20 e-2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ SURYLGHV IRU FRQGLWLRQDO EUDQFKLQJ WR RWKHU VHJPHQWV RI D SURJUDP GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH UHVXOWV RI D WHVW RQ WKH =HUR )ODJ ,I WKH IODJ LV HTXDO WR D WKH YDOXH RI WKH GLVSODFHPHQW H LV DGGHG WR WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DQG WKH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 7KH MXP
PAGE 267
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN /RFDWLRQ 47C 47D 47E 47F 480 481 80 ,QVWUXFWLRQ PC after jump 20 FA (two’s complement - 6) = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 268
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -3 +/ 1RGTCVKQP SF K/ 1R %QFG -3 1RGTCPFU +/ 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 E9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU 3& LV ORDGHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU 7KH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 0 &\FOHV 1 7 6WDWHV 4 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 269
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -3 ,; 1RGTCVKQP SF ,; 1R %QFG -3 1RGTCPFU ,; 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 DD 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 E9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU 3& LV ORDGHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,; 5HJLVWHU 3DLU 7KH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 270
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN -3 ,< 1RGTCVKQP 3& ,< 1R %QFG -3 1RGTCPFU ,< 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 FD 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 E9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU UHJLVWHU SDLU 3& LV ORDGHG ZLWK WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH ,< 5HJLVWHU 3DLU 7KH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 0 &\FOHV 2 7 6WDWHV 8 (4, 4) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 271
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN '-1= H 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG '-1= 1RGTCPFU H 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10 e2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV VLPLODU WR WKH FRQGLWLRQDO MXPS LQVWUXFWLRQV H[FHSW WKDW D UHJLVWHU YDOXH LV XVHG WR GHWHUPLQH EUDQFKLQJ 7KH % UHJLVWHU LV GHFUHPHQWHG DQG LI D QRQ ]HUR YDOXH UHPDLQV WKH YDOXH RI WKH GLVSODFHPHQW D LV DGGHG WR WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& 7KH QH[W LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH ORFDWLRQ GHVLJQDWHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3& 7KH MXPS LV PHDVXUHG IURP
PAGE 272
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG $ W\SLFDO VRIWZDUH URXWLQH LV XVHG WR GHPRQVWUDWH WKH XVH RI WKH '-1= LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KLV URXWLQH PRYHV D OLQH IURP DQ LQSXW EXIIHU ,1%8) WR DQ RXWSXW EXIIHU 287%8) ,W PRYHV WKH E\WHV XQWLO LW ILQGV D &5 RU XQWLO LW KDV PRYHG E\WHV ZKLFKHYHU RFFXUV ILUVW LOOP: LD LD LD 8, 80 HL, Inbuf DE, Outbuf ;Set up counter ;Set up pointers LID A, (HL) LD CP JR INC INC DJNZ (DE), A ODH Z, DONE HL DE LOOP ;Get next byte from ;input buffer ;Store in output buffer
PAGE 273
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &DOO $QG 5HWXUQ *URXS &$// QQ 1RGTCVKQP 63 3&+ 63 3&/ 3& QQ 1R %QFG &$// 1RGTCPFU QQ 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 CD n n 7KH ILUVW RI WKH WZR Q RSHUDQGV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH DERYH LV WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW E\WH RI D E\WH PHPRU\ DGGUHVV &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FXUUHQW FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DUH SXVKHG RQWR WKH WRS RI WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ VWDFN 7KH RSHUDQGV nn DUH WKHQ ORDGHG WR WKH 3& WR SRLQW WR WKH DGGUHVV LQ PHPRU\ ZKHUH WKH ILUVW 2S
PAGE 274
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU DUH 1A47H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU DUH 3002H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKH FRQWHQWV 1A47H contains CDH contains 35H IA48H contains 21H 1A49H ,I DQ LQVWUXFWLRQ IHWFK VHTXHQFH EHJLQV WKH E\WH LQVWUXFWLRQ CD3521H LV IHWFKHG WR WKH &38 IRU H[HFXWLRQ 7KH PQHPRQLF HTXLYDOHQW RI WKLV LV CALL 2135H $W H[HFXWLRQ RI WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ WKH FRQWHQWV RI PHPRU\ DGGUHVV 3001H LV 1AH WKH FRQWHQWV RI DGGUHVV 3000H LV 4AH WKH F
PAGE 275
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN &$// FF QQ 1RGTCVKQP ,) FF WUXH VS 3&+ VS 3&/ SF QQ 1R %QFG &$// 1RGTCPFU FF QQ 1 1 cc 1 0 0 n n Note: The first of the two n operands in the assembled object code above is the least-significant byte of the 2-byte memory address.
PAGE 276
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN GHILQHG LQ WKH WDEOH EHORZ ZKLFK DOVR VSHFLILHV WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ FF ELW ILHOGV LQ WKH DVVHPEOHG REMHFW FRGH FF 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 &RQGLWLRQ NZ non zero Z zero NC non carry C carry PO parity odd PE parity even P sign positive M sign negative 5HOHYDQW )ODJ Z Z C Z P/V P/V S S ,I cc LV WUXH 0 &\FOHV 5 7 6WDWHV 17 (4, 3, 4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 4.25 7 6WDWHV 10 (4, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.
PAGE 277
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN FRQWHQWV RI WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU LV 3000H DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU LV 2135H SRLQWLQJ WR WKH DGGUHVV RI WKH ILUVW 2S &RGH RI WKH VXEURXWLQH QRZ WR EH H[HFXWHG 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 278
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5(7 1RGTCVKQP S&/ VS S&+ VS 1R %QFG 5(7 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 C9 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH E\WH DW WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLU LV PRYHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU HLJKW ELWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& 7KH 63 LV QRZ LQFUHPHQWHG DQG WKH E\WH DW WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV IHWFKHG IURP WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH 3& 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV QRUPDOO\ XVHG WR UHWXUQ WR W
PAGE 279
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5(7 FF 1RGTCVKQP ,I cc WUXH 3&/ VS S&+ VS 1R %QFG 5(7 1RGTCPFU FF 1 1 cc 0 0 0 &GUETKRVKQP ,I FRQGLWLRQ FF LV WUXH WKH E\WH DW WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 UHJLVWHU SDLU LV PRYHG WR WKH ORZ RUGHU HLJKW ELWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& 7KH 63 LV LQFUHPHQWHG DQG WKH E\WH DW WKH PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ VSHFLILHG E\ WKH QHZ FRQWHQWV RI WKH 63 DUH PRYHG WR WKH KLJK RUGHU HLJKW ELWV RI WKH 3& 7KH 63 LV LQFUHPHQWHG
PAGE 280
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN FF 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 &RQGLWLRQ NZ non zero Z zero NC non carry C carry PO parity odd PE parity even P sign positive M sign negative 5HOHYDQW )ODJ Z Z C C P/V P/V S S 7 6WDWHV 11 (5, 3, 3) 0+] ( 7 2.75 7 6WDWHV 5 0+] ( 7 1.
PAGE 281
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5(7, 1RGTCVKQP 5HWXUQ IURP ,QWHUUXSW 1R %QFG 5(7, 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 4D &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV XVHG DW WKH HQG RI D PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW VHUYLFH URXWLQH WR • Restore the contents of the Program Counter (PC) (analogous to the RET instruction) • Signal an I/O device that the interrupt routine is completed.
PAGE 282
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN B generates an interrupt and is acknowledged. The interrupt enable out, IEO, of B goes Low, blocking any lower priority devices from interrupting while B is being serviced. Then A generates an interrupt, suspending service of B. The IEO of A goes Low, indicating that a higher priority device is being serviced. The A routine is completed and a RETI is issued resetting the IEO of A, allowing the B routine to continue.
PAGE 283
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 5(71 1RGTCVKQP 5HWXUQ IURP QRQ PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW 1R %QFG 5(71 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 45 &GUETKRVKQP 7KLV LQVWUXFWLRQ LV XVHG DW WKH HQG RI D QRQ PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSWV VHUYLFH URXWLQH WR UHVWRUH WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& DQDORJRXV WR WKH 5(7 LQVWUXFWLRQ 7KH VWDWH RI ,)) LV FRSLHG EDFN WR ,)) VR WKDW PDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSWV DUH HQDEOHG LPPHGLDWHO\ IROORZLQJ WKH 5(71 LI WKH\ ZHUH HQDEOHG EHIRUH WKH QRQPDVNDEOH LQWHUUXSW 0 &\
PAGE 284
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 1000H 7KH SURJUDP IORZ FRQWLQXHV ZKHUH LW OHIW RII ZLWK DQ 2S &RGH IHWFK WR DGGUHVV 1A45H 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 285
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 567 S 1RGTCVKQP 63 3&+ 63 3&/ 3&+ 3&/ 3 1R %QFG 567 1RGTCPFU S 1 1 t 1 1 1 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FXUUHQW 3URJUDP &RXQWHU 3& FRQWHQWV DUH SXVKHG RQWR WKH H[WHUQDO PHPRU\ VWDFN DQG WKH SDJH ]HUR PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ JLYHQ E\ RSHUDQG S LV ORDGHG WR WKH 3& 3URJUDP H[HFXWLRQ WKHQ EHJLQV ZLWK WKH 2S &RGH LQ WKH DGGUHVV QRZ SRLQWHG WR E\ 3& 7KH SXVK LV SHUIRUPHG E\ ILUVW GHFUHPHQWLQJ WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 6WDFN 3RLQWHU 63 ORDGLQJ WKH KLJK RUGHU E\WH
PAGE 286
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH 3URJUDP &RXQWHU DUH % + DW H[HFXWLRQ RI RST 18H 2EMHFW FRGH 1101111 WKH 3& FRQWDLQV 0018H DV WKH DGGUHVV RI WKH QH[W 2S &RGH IHWFKHG 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 287
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,QSXW DQG 2XWSXW *URXS ,1 $ Q 1RGTCVKQP $ Q 1R %QFG ,1 1RGTCPFU $ Q 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 DB n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH RSHUDQG Q LV SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU DOVR DSSHDU RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ RQH E\WH IURP WKH VHOHFWHG SRUW LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV DQG ZULWWHQ WR WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $
PAGE 288
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1 U & 1RGTCVKQP U & 1R %QFG ,1 1RGTCPFU U & 1 1 0 1 1 0 r 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 EB &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 7KH FRQWHQWV RI 5HJLVWHU % DUH SODFHG RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ RQH E\WH IURP WKH VHOHFWHG SRUW LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV DQG ZULWWHQ WR UHJLVWHU U LQ WKH &38 5HJLVWHU
PAGE 289
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %QPFKVKQP $KVU #HHGEVGF 6 LV VHW LI LQSXW GDWD LV QHJDWLYH UHVHW RWKHUZLVH = LV VHW LI LQSXW GDWD LV ]HUR UHVHW RWKHUZLVH + LV UHVHW 3 9 LV VHW LI SDULW\ LV HYHQ UHVHW RWKHUZLVH 1 LV UHVHW & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 07H WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU % DUH 10H DQG E\WH 7BH LV DYDLODEOH DW WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH PDSSHG WR , 2 SRUW DGGUHVV 07H $IWHU H[HFXWLRQ RI IN D, (C) UHJLVWHU ' FRQWDLQV 7BH 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 290
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1, 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG +/ & % % +/ +/ ,1, 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 A2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 5HJLVWHU % PD\ EH XVHG DV D E\WH FRXQWHU DQG LWV FRQWHQWV DUH SODFHG RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ RQH E\WH IURP WKH VHOHFWHG SRUW LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV D
PAGE 291
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1,5 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG +/ & % % +/ +/ ,1,5 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 B2 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 5HJLVWHU % LV XVHG DV D E\WH FRXQWHU DQG LWV FRQWHQWV DUH SODFHG RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ RQH E\WH IURP WKH VHOHFWHG SRUW LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV DQG
PAGE 292
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 1 LV VHW & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 07H WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU % DUH 03H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH 1000H DQG WKH IROORZLQJ VHTXHQFH RI E\WHV DUH DYDLODEOH DW WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH PDSSHG WR , 2 SRUW RI DGGUHVV 07H 51H A9H 03H WKHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI INIR WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV + UHJLVWHU % FRQWDLQV ]HUR DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV FRQWDLQ WKH IROORZLQJ 1000H 1001H 1002H 80 FRQWDLQV 51H FRQWDLQV A9H F
PAGE 293
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1' 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG +/ & % % +/ +/ ,1' 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 AA &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 5HJLVWHU % PD\ EH XVHG DV D E\WH FRXQWHU DQG LWV FRQWHQWV DUH SODFHG RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ RQH E\WH IURP WKH VHOHFWHG SRUW LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV D
PAGE 294
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 0 &\FOHV 4 7 6WDWHV 16 (4, 5, 3, 4) 0+] ( 7 4.
PAGE 295
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN ,1'5 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG +/ & % +/ +/ ,1'5 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 BA &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 5HJLVWHU % LV XVHG DV D E\WH FRXQWHU DQG LWV FRQWHQWV DUH SODFHG RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ RQH E\WH IURP WKH VHOHFWHG SRUW LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV DQG ZU
PAGE 296
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 07H WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU % DUH 03H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH 1000H DQG WKH IROORZLQJ VHTXHQFH RI E\WHV DUH DYDLODEOH DW WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH PDSSHG WR , 2 SRUW DGGUHVV 07H 51H A9H 03H WKHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI INDR WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 0FFDH UHJLVWHU % FRQWDLQV ]HUR DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV FRQWDLQ WKH IROORZLQJ 0FFEH 0FFFH 1000H 80 FRQWDLQV 03H FRQWDLQV A9H FRQWDLQV 51H
PAGE 297
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 287 Q $ 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG Q $ 287 1RGTCPFU Q $ 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 D3 n &GUETKRVKQP 7KH RSHUDQG Q LV SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH $FFXPXODWRU UHJLVWHU $ DOVR DSSHDU RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ WKH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKH $FFXPXODWRU LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV DQG ZULWWHQ WR WKH VHOHFWHG SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH
PAGE 298
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 287 & U 1RGTCVKQP & U 1R %QFG 287 1RGTCPFU & U 1 1 0 1 1 0 r 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 ED &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW RQH RI SRVVLEOH SRUWV 7KH FRQWHQWV RI 5HJLVWHU % DUH SODFHG RQ WKH WRS KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV DW WKLV WLPH 7KHQ WKH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ UHJLVWHU U LV SODFHG RQ WKH GDWD EXV DQG ZULWWHQ WR WKH VHOHFWHG SHULSKHUDO GH
PAGE 299
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 01H DQG WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU ' DUH 5AH DW H[HFXWLRQ RI OUT (C),D E\WH 5AH LV ZULWWHQ WR WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH PDSSHG WR , 2 SRUW DGGUHVV 01H 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW
PAGE 300
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 287, 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG & +/ % % +/ +/ 287, 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 A3 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH SODFHG RQ WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW D ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ 7KH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKLV PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ LV WHPSRUDULO\ VWRUHG LQ WKH &38 7KHQ DIWHU WKH E\WH FRXQWHU % LV GHFUHPHQWHG WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW
PAGE 301
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 27,5 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG & +/ % % +/ +/ 27,5 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 B3 &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH SODFHG RQ WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW D ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ 7KH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKLV PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ LV WHPSR UDULO\ VWRUHG LQ WKH &38 7KHQ DIWHU WKH E\WH FRXQWHU % LV GHFUHPHQWHG WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH D
PAGE 302
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 6 LV XQNQRZQ = LV VHW + LV XQNQRZQ 3 9 LV XQNQRZQ 1 LV VHW & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 07H WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU % DUH 03H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH 1000H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKH IROORZLQJ FRQWHQWV 1000H 1001H 1002H FRQWDLQV 51H FRQWDLQV A9H FRQWDLQV 03H WKHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI OTIR WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQV 1003H UHJLVWHU % FRQWDLQV ]HUR DQG D JURXS RI E\WHV LV ZULWWHQ WR WKH SHULSKHUDO GHYLFH PDSSHG WR , 2
PAGE 303
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 287' 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG & +/ % % +/ +/ 287' 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 AB &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH SODFHG RQ WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW D ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ 7KH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKLV PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ LV WHPSRUDULO\ VWRUHG LQ WKH &38 7KHQ DIWHU WKH E\WH FRXQWHU % LV GHFUHPHQWHG WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH DW
PAGE 304
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 27'5 1RGTCVKQP 1R %QFG & +/ % % +/ +/ 27'5 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 ED 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 BB &GUETKRVKQP 7KH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH SODFHG RQ WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW D ORFDWLRQ LQ PHPRU\ 7KH E\WH FRQWDLQHG LQ WKLV PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQ LV WHPSR UDULO\ VWRUHG LQ WKH &38 7KHQ DIWHU WKH E\WH FRXQWHU % LV GHFUHPHQWHG WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH SODFHG RQ WKH ERWWRP KDOI $ WKURXJK $ RI WKH DGGUHVV EXV WR VHOHFW WKH , 2 GHYLFH D
PAGE 305
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN %QPFKVKQP $KVU #HHGEVGF 6 LV XQNQRZQ = LV VHW + LV XQNQRZQ 3 9 LV XQNQRZQ 1 LV VHW & LV QRW DIIHFWHG 'ZCORNG ,I WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU & DUH 07H WKH FRQWHQWV RI UHJLVWHU % DUH 03H WKH FRQWHQWV RI WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU DUH 1000H DQG PHPRU\ ORFDWLRQV KDYH WKH IROORZLQJ FRQWHQWV 0FFEH 0FFFH 1000H FRQWDLQV 51H FRQWDLQV A9H FRQWDLQV 03H WKHQ DW H[HFXWLRQ RI OTDR WKH +/ UHJLVWHU SDLU FRQWDLQ 0FFDH UHJLVWHU % FRQWDLQV ]HUR DQG D JURXS RI E\WHV LV ZULWWHQ WR WKH SHULSK
PAGE 306
< %27 7UGT U /CPWCN 80 = ,QVWUXFWLRQ 6HW