The COMPLETE GUIDE TO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING WITH YOUR PANTERA COMPUTER User’s Guide R
Copyright 1994 ZEOS International All rights reserved Words by John Hartnett Illustrations by Steve Scofield Cover Design by MaryLou Ziebarth ZEOS International, Ltd. shall not be held liable for technical or editorial omissions or errors made herein; nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This document contains proprietary information protected by copyright.
Customer Assurance Program Thirty (30) Day Satisfaction Guarantee on Certain Products. Any product (except for software, software disks, related documentation and consumables) purchased from ZEOS may be returned within thirty days from the date it was shipped by ZEOS for a full refund of the purchase price excluding original shipping charges.
ZEOS Computer Systems One Year Limited Warranty All new ZEOS computer systems come with a One Year Limited Warranty which provides that the products ZEOS manufactures or assembles, other than items such as software, disks and related documentation, will remain in good working condition, free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service, for a period of one year from the date of shipment from ZEOS. This warranty is limited to the original purchaser and is not transferable.
FCC Compliance Statement For U.S. and Canadian Users Danger! Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart B of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Contents 1. The Big Picture ....................................................................... 10 Desktop System At A Glance .................................................. Vertical System At A Glance .................................................... How to Open a Desktop Case................................................. How to Open a Vertical Case .................................................. Inside a Desktop System Unit .................................................
Contents Fixed Disk Menu ..................................................................... 34 Fixed Disk 0 Type ............................................................................... 35 Fixed Disk 1 - 3 Control ..................................................................... 35 SCSI BIOS Enable Menu ........................................................ 36 Memory Control ...................................................................... 38 External Cache ...........................
Contents 4. How to Add an Expansion Board .......................................... 46 5. How Disk Drives Work ........................................................... 48 How a Floppy Drive Works...................................................... 49 How an IDE Hard Drive Works ................................................ 50 How a CD-ROM Drive Works .................................................. 51 6. How to Add System RAM.......................................................
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture 1. The Big Picture Welcome to the ZEOS User’s Guide! The User’s Guide works with the Before Calling ZEOS Technical Support guide and the Getting Started manual to help keep your system running trouble free, year after year. The User’s Guide is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1, The Big Picture , gives an overview of a typical desktop and vertical system. It also shows the major components inside the system unit case.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Chapter 8, How to Install an Optional SCSI Controller Chip, shows how to add a SCSI chip and connect SCSI devices to the mainboard. Chapter 9, Special Notes on the Pantera 90, describes special features of the 90 MHz Pantera system. Mainboard Specifications lists technical details about your mainboard. The Handy Cheat Sheet gives a short summary of some of the most needed or most forgotten commands. The Glossary gives short definitions of common computer terms.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Desktop System At A Glance Brightness Contrast Power LED Hard Disk (HDD) LED Monitor Power Switch Reset Button System Unit Power Switch (the “ON” button) Keyboard Lock Drive bays with CDROM drive and 3.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture AC Power Cable Mouse Cable Connector (9-pin Serial COM1) Cooling Fan AC Power Cable Video Connector Parallel Printer Port Connector (LPT1) Keyboard Connector Secondary Serial Port (25-pin COM2) 13
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Vertical System At A Glance Hard Disk (HDD) LED Power LED Turbo LED (not used) Turbo Button (not used) System Unit Power Switch (the “ON” button) Keyboard Lock Reset Button Brightness Drive bays with CDROM drive and 3.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Cooling Fan Secondary Serial Port (25-pin COM2) AC Power Cable Keyboard Connector Mouse Cable Connector (9-pin Serial COM1) AC Power Cable Parallel Printer Port Connector (LPT1) Video Connector 15
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture How to Open a Desktop Case Caution: Whenever you open the case or work inside the computer there is danger of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can permanently damage your equipment. Always ground yourself by touching the system cabinet before touching any internal component. We strongly recommend using an antistatic wrist strap attached to cabinet ground. To open a desktop case: 1. Turn off the monitor and system unit power.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Mounting Screws Cover Chassis Plastic Bezel 17
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture How to Open a Vertical Case Caution: Whenever you open the case or work inside the computer there is danger of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can permanently damage your equipment. Always ground yourself by touching the system cabinet before touching any internal component. We strongly recommend using an antistatic wrist strap attached to cabinet ground. Opening a vertical case is almost identical to opening a desktop case. To open a vertical case: 1.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Mounting Screws Cover Plastic Bezel Chassis 19
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Inside a Desktop System Unit The figure below shows some of the most common components inside the system unit case. Expansion Boards Expansion Slots Power Supply Mainboard Hard Disk Drive CPU Floppy Drives, CD-ROM Drives, and Tape Backup Units The mainboard is the large circuit board at the bottom of the system unit case. It is the heart of your system. All of the other components inside the case work for the mainboard.
Chapter 1 - The Big Picture Inside a Vertical System Unit Floppy Drives, CD-ROM Drives, and Tape Backup Units Power Supply Hard Disk Drive Mainboard Expansion Slots Expansion Boards CPU Vertical systems have all the same components as desktop systems. The figure shows the mainboard and common components inside a vertical system unit case.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard 2. The Mainboard The mainboard is the large circuit board located at the bottom of the system unit case. It is the heart of your computer system. This board contains the central processing unit (CPU), secondary cache subsystem, expansion slots, ports and connectors for other computer components, and the system main memory or RAM.
Chapter 2- The Mainboard PCI Local Bus 32-Bit High Speed Expansion Slots The three PCI local bus, high speed expansion slots move information at up to 133 MB/s. This provides an extremely high performance, 32-bit interface to support high speed, local bus video adapter cards and other peripherals such as LAN adapters and hard disk drives. Secondary Cache Subsystem The secondary cache subsystem enhances the performance of the CPU.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard On-Board Peripherals Your mainboard has all of the standard peripheral interfaces and many extras built in. This eliminates the need for many peripheral expansion cards and greatly enhances system reliability.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard Parallel Port The 25-pin Centronics parallel port is often called the printer port because it is generally used only for printers. However, the parallel interface has achieved a high level of standardization. The parallel port is also EPP or Enhanced Parallel Port compatible. This means you can use the port to connect other peripheral devices designed to use a Centronics parallel interface.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard Mainboard Connectors Connectors are used to attach devices to the mainboard. Attached devices can be internal like hard disk indicator lights, or external like serial and parallel ports. The most commonly used connectors are shown in the Mainboard Diagram. A detailed description is provided in the table below. Table 1.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard Mainboard Diagram FLASH protect jumper 16-bit ISA expansion slots 32-bit PCI expansion slots PCI Power Supply socket Clear 3.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard Mainboard Jumpers Jumpers are small groups of pins that can be connected or disconnected with jumper caps. To connect a jumper, place the jumper cap over the pins you wish to connect and gently press down. The Pantera mainboard uses only two jumpers. The mainboard stores most configurations in battery backed CMOS memory. The Pantera mainboard uses the SETUP program to reconfigure options stored in battery backed memory.
Chapter 2 - The Mainboard Mainboard Jumpers Diagram 29
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP 3. Using SETUP The Extended BIOS Software System consists of several programs which work along with the system BIOS. Together, they provide additional system customization. You can access the Extended BIOS Main Menu by pressing F2 during system boot. Use the arrow keys to highlight and select the utility and then press Enter.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Main Menu Your system setup has been configured at the factory for maximum performance and reflects all options you may have ordered. Generally, you need to run SETUP only if you change your system’s hardware configuration, such as installing a different hard drive, or if the on-board battery fails.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Main Menu Options System Time Sets the real-time clock, using a 24-hour format. During the power-up sequence, the real time is read and saved in memory for use by the operating system. After boot up, the operating system updates the system time. System Date Sets the real-time date for month, day, and year. During the power-up sequence, this information is read and saved in memory for use by the operating system to determine the current date.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Main Menu Options System Memory Sets the system memory size. This is set to 640KB at the ZEOS factory. MS-DOS can manage conventional memory of 640KB without additional software. You should not need to change this value. Extended Memory Defines the size of extended memory in 64K increments. Extended memory is the total amount of memory not used as System Memory and for Shadow RAM (384K is allocated for Shadow RAM).
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Fixed Disk 0 Type Sets the hard drive 0 configuration. This option was set to Auto at the ZEOS factory prior to shipment. In most cases, this option is all you need. When Auto is selected, the system determines what kind of hard drive is installed and displays the drive parameters. Note: Only change this option setting if you change your hard drive. Multi-Sector Transfer Determines the number of sectors per block for multiple sector transfers. Options are Disabled, 2, 4, 8, and 16.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP SCSI BIOS Enable Menu The SCSI default configuration settings are appropriate for most system installations. Configuration changes are only necessary when using nonstandard (older) SCSI devices or nonstandard peripheral expansion cards. SCSI BIOS Enabled Enables or disables the integrated SCSI BIOS. Controller Address The on-board SCSI controller always uses IRQ11, non-DMA. If other attached devices are using IRQ11, change their settings to a different IRQ.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Enhanced Enable this option if you are using a hard drive larger than 1GByte. This option enables enhanced mode disk geometry translation. If the BIOS detects a drive capacity greater than 1GByte, it uses 255 head/ 63 sector translation. Otherwise it uses 64 head/ 32 sector translation. This option also allows for higher synchronous transfer rates of 6.67 MBytes/sec. or 10 MBytes/sec. Parity Enables parity checking by the on-board SCSI controller.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Memory Control The memory control sub-menu allows you to make detailed changes to your system memory configuration. External Cache This option permits you to enable or disable the external cache memory. Some applications are not compatible with caching. This option allows you to disable memory caching, if necessary. Cache Video BIOS area This option controls caching of the video BIOS. Enabling this option could improve video performance. The default is enabled.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Memory Shadow Shadowing is the technique of mirroring or copying portions of the computer’s slower, read-only memory into much faster system memory. Shadowing key portions of memory generally improves system performance. System Shadow System shadow is always enabled. Video Shadow Enables or disables copying of the video BIOS into RAM. Shadowing the video BIOS may improve your video response time. The default is enabled.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Boot Sequence Menu The boot sequence sub-menu allows you to speed up boot time by disabling certain standard computer boot procedures. Keyboard Auto-repeat Rate Defines the rate the keyboard repeats when a key is pressed and held. The number displayed represents the number of repetitions per second the keyboard will generate. The default is 30 times per second. Keyboard Auto-repeat Delay Defines time delay between the time a key is depressed and the time the key begins to repeat.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Floppy Check When enabled the system checks that each floppy drive configured in CMOS memory is operational. Disabling floppy check skips this step, speeding up boot time. Floppy Swap For systems that boot using DOS, allows you to swap the drive designation for floppy drives A: and B:. Enabled swaps the drives. Disabled uses the drives as they are installed. Note: Not implemented on all systems.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Advanced Menu Warning! Setting these items incorrectly could disable your system. Never needlessly change from the defaults. The Advanced Menu offers the following options: Large Disk DOS Compatibility Enables or Disables Logical Block Addressing, enabling you to use very large IDE hard drives. Note: Not implemented on all systems. Integrated Peripherals This menu allows you to set the addresses, interrupts and DMA channels for your serial, parallel, and audio ports.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Parallel Port Sets the parallel port designation. The default setting of Auto allows the system to automatically assign the first available parallel port designation to the on-board parallel port (usually LPT1). Otherwise allows you to specify the parallel port address. Mode Allows you to specify the parallel port as Uni-directional (default) or Bi-directional. Audio Port Sets the interrupt and DMA access for the audio port. The default is IRQ9, DMA 6.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Security The system security options allow you to password-protect system access. Whenever a password is entered, you must reenter the proper password to access the system. To protect yourself from forgetting your passwords, we strongly recommend writing them down and storing for safekeeping. Warning! If you forget the password, your system will not operate. You will have to completely clear the CMOS memory and re-enter your entire system configuration.
Chapter 3 - Using SETUP Password on Boot When enabled, the system asks you for a password on boot. The system will only boot if the correct supervisor or user password is entered. The default is disabled. Diskette Access Specifies which level of password is required to access the floppy drives. This option prevents unauthorized copying of information. The default is Supervisor. Fixed disk boot sector When enabled, write protects the boot sector on your hard drive to protect against viruses.
Chapter 4 - How to Add and Expansion Board 4. How to Add an Expansion Board The expansion slots on your mainboard are designed to accept a wide variety of cards or boards. Components such as scanners, tape backup units, video capture devices, and many others use expansion cards (also called expansion boards) to communicate with the CPU on the mainboard. Often adding these components is as easy as opening the case, slipping the new card into an empty expansion slot, and connecting the component to the card.
Chapter 4 - How to Add an Expansion Board Mounting screw Expansion slot 6. Slide the new board into place. Press firmly so the edge connector on the card slides all the way into the expansion slot. 7. Screw in the mounting screw. 8. Connect any internal cables to the expansion card. 9. Close the system unit case, and turn on the power. Many expansion boards require you to run diagnostic or installation software before the new board will work properly.
Chapter 5 - How Disk Drives Work 5. How Disk Drives Work There are three main types of disks for storing files - floppy, hard, and compact disks. Floppy disks are small, relatively slow, portable disks. Most people use floppy disks to transfer files or install new programs onto their hard drives. Floppy disks fit into the floppy disk drives mounted in your system unit. Although there are some combination drives, most floppy disk drives are designed to hold only one size of disk.
Chapter 5 - How Disk Drives Work How a Floppy Drive Works Floppy drives have two primary connectors, a ribbon cable called the data cable, and a power connection to the power supply. The ribbon cable connects the back of the floppy drive with the floppy controller port J5 on the mainboard. Data ribbon cables often have two connectors. If you have more than one floppy drive on your system, they often share the same ribbon cable. The data cable also has a red stripe.
Chapter 5 - How Disk Drives Work How an IDE Hard Drive Works IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) hard drives are the most common hard drives and are the most likely to be installed on your system. IDE devices have most of the electronics or “smarts” built into the drive, rather than installed on a separate controller card or on the motherboard. IDE hard drives have two main connections – a ribbon cable called the data cable and a power connection to the power supply.
Chapter 5 - How Disk Drives Work How a CD-ROM Drive Works CD-ROM drives are capable of reading information from compact discs, or CD’s. The “ROM” in CD-ROM stands for Read Only Memory. Compact discs are read-only, meaning, you can read information from them, but cannot write files or information onto them like a floppy disk or hard disk drive. With the right software, you can even “read” music by playing audio compact discs on your CD-ROM drive. Compact disks can store large amounts of information.
Chapter 6 - How to Add System RAM 6. How to Add System RAM System memory is often called RAM or Random Access Memory. RAM is the thinking space available to your applications. Usually, the more system RAM you have, the faster your system will run. Many software applications simply run much faster and more efficiently when more RAM is available. You add RAM by adding single in-line memory modules (SIMMs) into SIMM sockets on the mainboard. Your system mainboard will hold up to six SIMMs of 32-bit RAM.
Chapter 6 - How to Add System RAM Table 2.
Chapter 6 - How to Add System RAM Installing SIMMs When installing SIMMs, use 70ns or faster memory chips for maximum system performance. Faster and slower memory chips may be intermixed. However, always set the CPU/DRAM Speed option in SETUP to the slowest chip speed installed. Remember, larger numbers are slower than smaller numbers (100ns SIMMs are slower than 70ns SIMMs). For best results, use memory devices from the same manufacturer.
Chapter 6 - How to Add System RAM Retaining clip Retaining clip Inserting a SIMM 5. Insert the bottom edge into the socket slot. Press down firmly on the SIMM while maintaining the proper angle of insertion. 6. Ensure the SIMM seats correctly. If not, remove and repeat Step 5. 7. Gently push the top edge toward the retainer clips until the clips snap into place. 8. Reinstall system cover.
Chapter 7 - How to Add System Cache Memory 7. How to Add System Cache Memory Secondary cache memory can speed up memory intensive applications and greatly enhance your CPU’s performance. You add cache memory by adding a single in-line memory module (SIMM) into the secondary system cache SIMM socket on the mainboard. Your system mainboard will hold one cache SIMM of 64-bit SRAM. Note: System Cache SIMMs are not the same as RAM memory SIMMs.
Chapter 7 - How to Add System Cache Memory SIMM Socket for Secondary System Cache Pin 1 3. If you are upgrading your system cache memory, remove the SIMM you are replacing by gently pulling the SIMM out of the socket. 4. Grasping a new SIMM by the edge, remove it from the antistatic bag and press it into the socket. Caution: Static RAM is extremely sensitive to electrostatic discharge which can permanently damage your equipment. Use an anti-static wrist strap attached to cabinet ground.
Chapter 8 - How to Install an Optional SCSI Controller Chip 8. How to Install an Optional SCSI Controller Chip To install an optional SCSI controller on your mainboard, you must first install the SCSI chip and cable, then make software changes to the system SETUP. Note: Before starting, note your current system SETUP parameters. Access SETUP by pressing F2 during boot, then choose the System Information menu. Hardware 1.
Chapter 8 - How to Install an Optional SCSI Controller Chip Pin 1 Pin 1 SCSI Cable Connector J8 SCSI Chip Socket U17 4. Locate the SCSI host adapter socket on the mainboard and identify the pin 1 (beveled) corner of the socket. If you need help finding the SCSI host adapter socket, see the figure above. Caution: Make absolutely sure the SCSI host adapter chip is properly aligned in the socket. There is only one correct way the chip will fit into this socket.
Chapter 8 - How to Install an Optional SCSI Controller Chip 5. Match the beveled Pin 1 corner of the SCSI host adapter with the beveled Pin 1 corner of the socket. Carefully align the SCSI chip in the SCSI host adapter socket. 6. Using two fingers, gently press the chip into the socket. Be careful not to bend the pins. 7. Connect SCSI ribbon cable from SCSI port mainboard connector (J8) to SCSI device. Make sure the red stripe is toward pin 1. 8. Replace cover, reconnect all peripherals and monitor. 9.
Chapter 8 - How to Install an Optional SCSI Controller Chip Software 1. Access the system SETUP utility by pressing F2 during system boot. 2. Verify the following SCSI parameters in system SETUP, Main Menu, SCSI BIOS Enable sub-menu: ♦SCSI BIOS [Enabled] ♦SCSI Controller Address [340H] ♦Synchronous [Enabled] ♦Enhanced [Enabled] ♦Parity [Enabled] ♦Disconnect [Disabled] 3. The on-board SCSI controller always uses IRQ11, nonDMA.
Chapter 9 - Special Notes on the Pantera 90 9. Special Notes on the Pantera 90 The Pantera 90 computer uses a special daughter board called the Pantera 90 module. The Pantera 90 module plugs into the ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket on the mainboard. In essence, the daughterboard replaces the mainboard CPU. The Intel Pentium™ 90 CPU plugs into the ZIF socket on the Pantera 90 module daughterboard and takes over as CPU for the system.
Chapter 9 - Special Notes on the Pantera 90 ISA Expansion Slots Pentium 90 CPU with heat sink Standoff screw spaces Pantera 90 Module ZIF arm on mainboard CPU socket 63
Mainboard Specifications Mainboard Specifications CPU Intel Pentium (TM) Processor Clock rate 60 MHz, 66 MHz, or 90MHz ISA bus speed 7.5 MHz (60 MHz clock), 8.
Mainboard Specifications 9-Pin Serial Port (J4) Pin Assignment J4 Header Pin Number DB9 Connector Pin Number Signal 1 1 DCD, Data Carrier Detect 2 6 DSR, Data Set Ready 3 2 RXD, Receive Data 4 7 RTS, Request to Send 5 3 TXD, Transmit Data 6 8 CTS, Clear To Send 7 4 DTR, Data Terminal Ready 8 9 RI, Ring Indicator 9 5 GND, Ground 25-Pin Serial Port (J3) Pin Assignment J3 Header Pin Number DB25 Connector Pin Number Signal 3 2 TXD, Transmit Data 5 3 RXD, Receive Data 7 4
Mainboard Specifications 9-Pin Serial Port (J4) Pin Assignment 5 - GND, Ground 9 - RI, Ring Indicator 4 - DTR, Data Terminal Ready 8 - CTS, Clear To Send 3 - TXD, Transmit Data 7 - RTS, Request to Send 2 - RXD, Receive Data 6 - DSR, Data Set Ready 1 - DCD, Data Carrier Detect 25-Pin Serial Port (J3) Pin Assignment 22 - RI, Ring Indicator 8 - DCD, Data Carrier Ready 20 - DTR, Data Terminal Ready 7 - GND, Ground 6 - DSR, Data Set Ready 5 - CTS, Clear to Send 4 - RTS, Request to Send 3 - RXD, Receive Dat
Mainboard Specifications Parallel Port (J2) Pin Assignment J2 Header Pin Number Parallel Port Connector Pin Number Signal 1 1 STB, Strobe 3 2 PD0, Data Bit 0 5 3 PD1, Data Bit 1 7 4 PD2, Data Bit 2 9 5 PD3, Data Bit 3 11 6 PD4, Data Bit 4 13 7 PD5, Data Bit 5 15 8 PD6, Data Bit 6 17 9 PD7, Data Bit 7 19 10 ACK, Acknowledge 21 11 Busy, Busy 23 12 PE, Paper Empty 25 13 SLCT, Select 2 14 AFD, Auto Feed 4 15 ERR, Error 6 16 INIT, Initialize 8 17 SLIN, Select
Mainboard Specifications Parallel Port (J2) Pin Assignment 1 - STB, Strobe 14 - AFD, Auto Feed 2 - PD0, Data Bit 0 15 - ERR, Error 3 - PD1, Data Bit 1 16 - INIT, Initialize 4 - PD2, Data Bit 2 17 - SLIN, Select Input 5 - PD3, Data Bit 3 18 - GND, Ground 6 - PD4, Data Bit 4 19 - GND, Ground 7 - D5, Data Bit 5 20 - GND, Ground 8 - PD6, Data Bit 6 21 - GND, Ground 9 - PD7, Data Bit 7 22 - GND, Ground 10 - ACK, Acknowledge 23 - GND, Ground 11 - Busy, Busy 24 - GND, Ground 12 - PE, Paper E
Mainboard Specifications SCSI Port Pin Assignment J8 Header Pin Number SCSI Port Connector Pin Number Signal 2 2 SCD0, Data Bit 0 4 4 SCD1, Data Bit 1 6 6 SCD2, Data Bit 2 8 8 SCD3, Data Bit 3 10 10 SCD4, Data Bit 4 12 12 SCD5, Data Bit 5 14 14 SCD6, Data Bit 6 16 16 SCD7, Data Bit 7 18 18 SCDP, Parity 25 25 –, Open (not used) 26 Power 26 TER_PWR, Termination 1,3,5,7,9,11,13, 15,17,19-24,27-31, 33-35,37,39,41,43, 45,47,49 (Same pin number GND, Ground as mainboard header
Handy Cheat Sheet Here are some of the most often needed or forgotten notes. CTRL-ALT-DEL ...........................................................Warm Reboot Reset button, or Power button ................................................................... Cold Reboot F2 during power up ..................................................... Access SETUP CTRL-BREAK, or CTRL-C ............................ Pause or Break an application or batch file DOS Commands COPY [filename] [drive:][path][newfilename] ...
Handy Cheat Sheet Windows Shortcuts Ctrl-C ....................................................................... copy to clipboard Ctrl-V ................................................paste or copy from the clipboard Ctrl-X ...................................................... delete and copy to clipboard Alt-Tab ............................................ toggle between open applications Alt-Esc ..................................................
Glossary This glossary provides general definitions of key terms. For an expanded list look in standard reference books on computers. DIP Switches - Small switches on a piece of hardware such as a CPU, a printer, or an option card. DIP switch settings control various functions and provide a system with information about itself. DIP stands for Dual In-Line Package. Directory - A list of the files stored on a disk or a part of a disk.
Glossary IDE - Integral Device Equipment. Also, IDE is an acronym for Integrated, Intelligent or Imbedded Drive Electronics. An IDE drive has the controller electronics built into the drive itself and is connected directly to the mainboard or to an adapter card. Jumper - A small electrical connector that alters some of the computer’s functions. Short (makes a connection) or Non-Short (no connection). Kilobyte (KB) - A unit used to measure storage space (in a computer’s memory or on a disk).
Index A E Advanced SETUP Menu 42 Audio Port Enhanced Parallel Port 37 Expansion Board, how to install 46 Extended Memory, in SETUP 34 External Cache 38 features 25 in SETUP 43 B F BIOS 31 Boot Sequence 41 Fixed Disk 0 Type 35.
Index M S Mainboard Connectors 26 Diagram 27 Environmental specs 65 Features 22 Jumpers 28 Specifications 65 Memory Control 38 Memory, how to add 53 Memory Shadow 39 Mode, in SETUP 43 Multi-Sector Transfer 35 N Numlock 40 P Pantera 90 62 Parallel Port features 25 in SETUP 43 Parity 37 Password on Boot 45 PCI Devices in SETUP 43 PCI Local Bus 23 Physical Drive 35 Pinouts, Serial and Parallel 66 POST errors 41 R RAM, how to add 52 RFI Suppression 6 SCSI BIOS Enabled 36 SCSI Controller, how to add 58 S
Late Changes The following changes arrived too late for printing: There are no corrections at this time.
