Axiolab A Reflected-Light Microscope Operating Manual
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Knowledge of this instruction manual is necessary for device operation. Please get familiar with its contents and especially the precautions for safe device operation. Changes due to further technical development are reserved; this manual is not covered by an update service. © Unless expressly authorized, forwarding and duplication of this document, utilization and communication of its contents are not permitted. Violations will entail an obligation to pay compensation.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. I Title Page ............................................................................................................................ I Copyright ........................................................................................................................... II Contents ..............................................................
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Page 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3 3.3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 OPERATION ................................................................................................................... 3-1 Switch on the Instrument ................................................................................................ 3-3 Illumination and Contrasting Techniques..........................................................................
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Fig. 1-1 Fig. 1-2 Fig. 1-3 Fig. 1-4 Fig. 1-5 Axiolab A main modules .................................................................................................. 1-3 Optical design of the Axiolab A with transmitted-light equipment..................................... 1-4 Axiolab A microscope configurations................................................................................ 1-6 Axiolab A accessories ..........................................
Carl Zeiss Fig. 4-1 Fig. 4-2 Fig. 4-3 Axiolab A Changing the fuses ......................................................................................................... 4-4 Changing the 6 V, 30 W reflected-light halogen illuminator ............................................. 4-5 Changing the 6 V, 30 W transmitted-light halogen lamp.................................................. 4-6 NOTES • The figures integrated in the text each have a figure number and a caption, e.g.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Notes on Instrument Safety The Axiolab A reflected-light microscope was designed, produced and tested in compliance with DIN 61010-1 (IEC 1010-1), Safety requirements for electrical measuring, control and laboratory instruments, and meets the requirements of appendix I of directive 73/23/EC and the relevant CSA and UL directives. The instrument meets the requirements of the EC directive 89/336/EC and the EMC legislation of November 9th 1992.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A The Axiolab A microscope, including original accessories, may only be used for the microscope techniques described in this manual. Particular attention must be paid to the following warning notes: The manufacturer cannot assume any liability for any other applications, possibly also involving individual modules or single parts. This also applies to all service or repair work which is not carried out by authorized service personnel.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Dust and dirt can impair the performance of the instrument. Therefore, the instrument must be protected against these influences as far as possible, and covered with the dust cover if it is not used for longer periods of time. Always check whether the instrument is switched off before you cover it. Placing objects against or covering ventilation slats can lead to a build-up of heat which will damage the instrument and, in extreme cases, cause a fire.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Overall View of the Axiolab A Reflected-Light Microscope X B 40-015 e 06/99
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss DESCRIPTION Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................1-2 Name; Intended Application,............................................................................................1-2 Instrument Description.....................................................................................................1-2 Microscope Configurations and Modules.................
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A 1 DESCRIPTION 1.
Axiolab A Fig. 1-1 Carl Zeiss Axiolab A main modules The specimen stage can be designed - as fixed stage (1-1/3) with stage clamps, - as glide stage (1-1/5) with stage clamps, 25 × 25 mm travel range, or - as mechanical stage (1-1/4) 75 × 35 R/A with ceramic surface and short drive. Both the fixed stage and the glide stage can be locked in a top or a bottom stop. The maximum specimen height is 45 mm.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A The reflected-light halogen illuminator (1-1/10) is equipped with a 6V 30 W halogen lamp as a standard. Its luminous intensity (lamp voltage) is continuously variable via the relevant control. The correct color temperature for color photography (3200 K) is automatically reached in the end stop. The XBO 75 or HBO 50 illuminators can also be attached to the Axiolab A for examinations requiring a high illuminance.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss The optical performance of the Axiolab A can be ideally matched to the relevant requirements by using various objectives which are inserted into a 5-position nosepiece (1-1/6). The camera port (1-1/9) attached to the binocular reflected-light tube (1-1/8) is available for the documentation of microscope images. Microscope and video accessories are attached via a wide variety of specific adapter components and modules.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Fig.
Axiolab A Axiolab A microscope configurations Carl Zeiss Cat. No. Fixed stage • 1 Configurations 1 Microscope Axiolab A with fixed mechanical stage 490960-9804-000 2 Microscope Axiolab A with glide stage 490962-9804-000 3 Microscope Axiolab A with mechanical stage and additional transmitted-light equipment 490961-9804-000 Glide stage Mechanical stage • • Selected modules for configuration 1 1.1 Microscope stand Axiolab A 450909-0000-000 • 1.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Fig.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Axiolab A accessories 1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 STAGES Glide stage with stage carrier Mechanical stage 75 × 35 R/A with ceramic surface and short drive, plus: Specimen holder with spring clip R Specimen holder A Polished specimen attachment Cat. No. Fixed stage Glide stage 453509-0000-000 453517-9901-000 ! + + 473448-0000-000 433411-0000-000 453575-0000-000 + + ! + + ! Mechanical stage OBJECTIVES 2.1 Epiplan objective 100×/0.75 ∞/0 442980-0000-000 2.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Fig.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Axiolab A accessories 7 Retrofit package for transmitted-light illumination (can only be fitted by service personnel), consisting of: 7.1 - Mechanical stage 75 × 35 R/A with ceramic surface - Specimen holder (1) with spring clip R - Transmitted-light illumination, consisting of: - 6 V, 30 W halogen lamp - Luminous-field diaphragm with iris - ABBE condenser 0.9/1.
Carl Zeiss 1.4 Axiolab A Function Elements (see Fig.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Item Designation Purpose/description 14 Fuse holder Holder for two fuse inserts 15 Fuse insert T 0.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Item Designation Purpose/description 27 ”Luminous intensity” control Continuous control of the illuminance of the light source by changing the lamp voltage in the range from > 1.5...6 V. At 6 V (right stop) the 3200 K color temperature for color photography is reached.
Axiolab A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Carl Zeiss Stand 6 V, 30 W halogen illuminator Reflected-light illuminator H Camera port Binocular tube Eyepiece, fixed Focusing eyepiece Dust protection slider 5-position objective nosepiece Specimen stage, fixed Coaxial coarse and fine drive (left, also see item 29) Connecting cable for halogen illuminator ”A/D” illumination converter Fuse holder Fuse inserts (T 0.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Fig.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss 2 1 1 Fig.
Carl Zeiss 1.5 Axiolab A Objectives The objectives are the optical centerpiece of the microscope. The following is an example of how objectives can be labelled: Epiplan 10×/0.20 ∞/where 10× : objective magnification, with a defined color ring on the objective being allocated to each magnification step (Carl Zeiss color ring code) 0.20 : numerical aperture ∞ : infinite tube length - : can be used with cover slip thickness D = 0 or 0.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss The following objectives are available for the Axiolab A: Microscopy technique Objective Reflected-light brightfield Epiplan Epiplan Epiplan Epiplan Epiplan Epiplan Reflected-light brightfield 5×/0.13 10×/0.20 20×/0.40 50×/0.70 100×/0.75 19.8 18.4 0.6 0.95 0.95 0 0 0 442920-0000-000 442930-0000-000 442941-0000-000 442950-0000-000 442980-0000-000 2.5×/0.075 5×/0.15 10×/0.30 20×/0.50 50×/0.80 9.4 13.7 5.7 1.4 0.
Carl Zeiss 1.7 Axiolab A Stage Micrometers and Eyepiece Reticles Measuring and counting using the microscope requires stage micrometers and eyepiece reticles, a small selection of which is listed below: Illustration Description, Technical data Cat. No. stage micrometer, positive 5 + 100/100 y 474026-0000D = 0.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss 474068-0000net micrometer 12.5 × 12.5 / 5 ; 10, 000 d = 26 mm area 12.5 × 12.5 mm, divided in fields of 10 × 10 454075-0000photo reticle MC 2.5× × / d = 26 mm for 35 mm photography with an additional 000 magnification of 2.5× × or for large-format photography with 10× × additional magnification. ☞ If an eyepiece reticle is used, the binocular tube or the phototube must be equipped with two foc.
Carl Zeiss 1.8 Axiolab A Technical Data Dimensions and weight Dimensions (width × depth × height) ......................................................................180 × 400 × 430 mm Footprint (recommended with mat)...................................................................................440 × 310 mm Weight.............................................................................................................................. approx.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Mechanical data of specimen stages Stage models............................................................................. fixed stage/glide stage/mechanical stage Maximum specimen height: stage at bottom stop (not possible for mechanical stage)................................................... 45 mm stage at top stop ..............................................................................................................
Carl Zeiss 1-24 Axiolab A 06/99 B 40-015 e
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss START-UP Contents 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6.1 2.7 2.8 2.9 Start-Up .........................................................................................................................2-3 Unpacking the Instrument................................................................................................2-3 Screw in Objectives..........................................................................................................2-3 Insertion of Eyepieces ....
Carl Zeiss 2-2 Axiolab A B 40-015 e 06/99
Axiolab A 2 Carl Zeiss START-UP The three versions of the Axiolab A reflected-light microscope, including accessories, are supplied in standard packaging. We would recommend you to keep the transport cases for storage or return of the instrument to the manufacturer. 2.1 Unpacking the Instrument • Remove the microscope from the transport case and place it on the mat (2-1/1) provided on the worktable. • Remove the plastic sleeve (2-1/4) from the instrument.
Carl Zeiss 2.3 Axiolab A Insertion of Eyepieces • Remove both protection caps from the binocular tube. • Insert the fixed eyepiece, e.g. E-PL 10×/20 Br., in one tube and the focusing eyepiece E-PL 10×/20 Br. foc. in the other tube. ☞ 2.3.1 The focusing eyepiece is used to compensate for ametropia of the user's eyes. Insertion of Eyepiece Reticle The E-PL 10×/20 Br. foc. eyepieces are intended for use with eyepiece reticles (see overview under 1.6).
Axiolab A 2.3.2 Carl Zeiss Compensation of Ametropia when Eyepiece Reticles are used The correct use of an eyepiece reticle requires two focusing eyepieces, e.g. PL 10×/20 Br. foc., to enable compensation of ametropia. • Use the eyelens of the focusing eyepiece to focus on the line figure of the eyepiece reticle; focus on the edge of the field of view if no eyepiece reticle is used. • Focus on the microscope image of a specimen via the focusing drive by looking through the eyepiece with reticle.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A 2.5 Attachment of Reflected-Light Halogen Illuminator • Attach dovetail guide (2-4/3) of 6 V, 30 W halogen lamp (2-4/4) to the microscope stand and tighten hexagonal screw (2-4/2) using the SW 3 screwdriver (2-4/1). ☞ The halogen lamp must be mounted to the stand in a vertical position, also see Fig. 3-2. For visual control, remove lamp cover (2-4/4) by slightly turning it to the left. • Connect cable (2-4/5) to the two sockets on the instrument rear. 2.6 Fig.
Axiolab A 2.6.1 ☞ Carl Zeiss Switch on the Transmitted-Light Halogen Illuminator Normally, the position of the A/D illumination converter (1-5/13 or 2-7/4) is of no importance with the Axiolab A. Only if the transmitted-light illumination is a standard feature or has been subsequently installed, the A/D converter will have the following functions: • the power supply for the reflected-light halogen illuminator is switched on in the upper, pressed position of the converter.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A 2.8 Set the Luminous-Field Diaphragm • The pushrod (2-6/1) for the luminous-field diaphragm has two positions: − pushed in: the full field of view is visible without restriction. − pulled out: the visible field of view is reduced to approx. 1/3 of the overall diameter. This can be useful as an aid to find the object plane, i.e. the visible diaphragm is focused.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss OPERATION Contents 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.3 3.3.1 3.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.6 Operation ......................................................................................................................3-3 Switch on the Instrument.................................................................................................3-3 Illumination and Contrasting Techniques ..........................................................................
Carl Zeiss 3-2 Axiolab A B 40-015 e 06/99
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss 3 OPERATION 3.1 Switch on the Instrument • Switch on the instrument via the on/off switch (3-1/6). − The green line control lamp in the switch (31/6) must light up. − The halogen lamp 6 V, 30 W in the reflected-light illuminator (3-1/2) must light up. ☞ The “I” is visible when the on/off switch is switched on and the "0" is visible when the on/off switch is switched off. • Set the required image brightness via the illuminance control (3-1/5). Fig.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A 3.2 Illumination and Contrasting Techniques The description of the illumination and contrasting techniques is based on the following microscope settings: • The Axiolab A microscope is ready for operation as described in chapter 2 and switched on as described in section 3.1. • The pushrod (3-2/3) has been pushed in to direct 100% of the light to the observation port of the binocular tube. 3.2.
Axiolab A 3.2.2 Carl Zeiss Setting of Polarization Reflected-Light The Axiolab A microscope is ready for operation as described in chapter 2, and switched on as described in section 3.1. • Pull out the plane glass pushrod (3-3/1). • Pull out the dust protection sliders (3-3/2+6) from the reflected-light illuminator H. • Push polarization slider P (3-3/3) into the slider mount (vertical slot) from the right. • Push rotary analyzer slider A (3-3/4) in the upper horizontal slider mount.
Carl Zeiss (1) Axiolab A Centering of Objectives (only for Axiolab Pol catalogue No. 450910-0000-000) Fig. 3-4 Centering of objectives When the Pol stage (3-4/3) and uncentered objectives are turned, object details above the center of the eyepiece cross migrate to circular paths (3-4/1 - dashed line). The following procedure is required to center the objectives: • • • • • • • • Unlock the stage stop by turning screw (3-4/6) by approx. ¼ rotation in counterclockwise direction.
Axiolab A (2) Carl Zeiss Transmitted-Light Polarization - Detection of Birefringence This technique is used for the examination of transparent, birefringent objects. Birefringence can be recognized, with crossed polarizer and analyzer, by the otherwise dark field of view being brightened 4 times when the specimen stage is rotated about 360°. Respective of birefringence, thickness and orientation of the object, the interference colors range from just visible gray (e.g.
Carl Zeiss Transmitted-Light Polarization - Determination of the nγ' Vibration Direction and Determination of the Path Difference γ γ γ (3) Axiolab A 150 Fig.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Conclusions The nγ-direction of the λ-compensator is NE-SW oriented. The environment of the fiber exhibits a dark, first-order red (path difference is one λ; approx. 550 nm). The fiber itself appears greenish blue (path difference approx. 700 nm). The higher interference color (700 nm) can only have been created by addition of the path differences of the object (approx. 150 nm) and that of the λ-compensator (approx. 550 nm), while the lower one (approx.
Carl Zeiss (4) Axiolab A Transmitted-Light Polarization - Determination of the Optical Character of Crystals Application The optical character of transparent and weakly absorbing crystals must be determined for the diagnosis of crystals. The determination is made in conoscopic observation. The main field of application is classical petrography. However, it is also possible to identify and characterize synthetic crystals, industry minerals and plastics (e.g. films).
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Uniaxial Crystals If the optical axis of a uniaxial crystal is oriented parallel to the observation direction, a dark cross which can be surrounded by concentric interference rings (depending on birefringence and specimen thickness) becomes visible in the conoscopic observation mode. These interference rings are also called isochromats (from the Greek isos = equal and chroma = color). st The cross is maintained when the stage is turned.
Carl Zeiss (5) Axiolab A Reflected-Light Polarization - Detection of Bireflection and Reflection Pleochroism Application Polished sections of ores, coals, ceramic products, certain metals and metal alloys display a different reflection behavior, depending on the orientation of the crystals or the object details. Therefore, this technique also represents a further contrasting method. Bireflection • Set the microscope as usual for examinations in reflected-light brightfield (see section 3.2.
Axiolab A 3.2.4 Carl Zeiss Setting of Epi-Fluorescence The fluorescence technique allows fluorescent structures to be visualized with high contrast in a typical fluorescence color. The examined material can be autofluorescent or may have been mixed with fluorescent substances (fluorochromes).
Carl Zeiss 3.2.5 Axiolab A Setting of Transmitted-Light Brightfield (KÖHLER Illumination) Make the microscope ready for operation as described in chapter 2 and section 3.1. • Switch on the illumination, place a highcontrast specimen on the stage, and focus using the 10× objective. • Close luminous-field diaphragm (3-10/3) via the knurled wheel. • Use drive (3-10/5) to move ABBE condenser close to the upper stop position until the image of the luminous-field diaphragm appears in focus.
Axiolab A 3.3 Carl Zeiss Attachment of Microscope Stages and Specimen Holders The Axiolab A microscope is available with three different stages: - fixed stage (3-11/1), - gliding stage (3-11/2) or - mechanical stage (3-11/3). The retaining clips (3-11/4) are used to hold specimens mounted on a 26 × 76 mm microscope slide. They are inserted into the drilled holes in the specimen stage. With the mechanical stage, the specimen holder with spring clip ”R” (3-11/5) is used to guide the above slides.
Carl Zeiss 3.3.1 Axiolab A Attachment of Pol Rotary Stage 1 2 1 3 12 11 4 10 9 5 8 6 7 Fig. 3-13 Pol rotary stage- setting of specimen mount and stop The stage clips (3-13/3) are used to mount the specimen on the Pol rotary stage (3-13/8). They are inserted into two of the three drilled holes (3-13/9) and, depending on the size of the specimen carrier or the search area, used diagonally, opposite to each other or parallel.
Axiolab A 3.4 Carl Zeiss Use of Polished Section Attachment The polished section attachment from the line of accessories provides another possibility of holding objects for examinations in incident light. It has been intended for use with the gliding stage. ☞ Basically, the polished section attachment can also be used with the fixed stage. Use a screwdriver to remove the two bolts (3-14/5) on the underside and place the attachment on the fixed stage without any securing elements.
Carl Zeiss 3.5 Axiolab A Photomicrography and Videomicroscopy The Axiolab A microscope can be changed from observation to photomicrography or videomicroscopy via a pushrod (3-16/7 or 3-18/8) (pushrod pulled out for photomicrography or videomicroscopy). Since this is a 100% changeover, simultaneous observation and photography is not possible. Special adapters allow commercially available 35 mm cameras or microscope cameras (e.g. MC 80 DX) to be attached to the camera port of the Axiolab A.
Axiolab A 3.5.1 (1) Carl Zeiss Attachment of Photomicrography Equipment Attachment of SLR Camera, e.g. CONTAX 167 MT • Screw T2 adapter for the CONTAX bayonet (316/3) on the 2.5× connector for T2 (3-16/4) (456005-0000-000). • Attach the camera housing (3-16/2) and the cable release (3-16/1), if required. • Loosen the three hexagonal screws (3-16/6) to remove the dust cover (3-16/8) from the camera tube (3-16/5) and insert the premounted unit A in the camera tube.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A Various T2 adapters for SLR cameras are listed below: T2 adapters to SLR cameras Cat. No.
Axiolab A (2) Carl Zeiss Attachment of MC 80 DX Microscope Camera (35 mm Film Cassette) • Insert adapter 60 for microscope camera (317/5) (456006-0000-000) in camera tube (317/6) and fix it using three hexagonal screws (3-17/7). • Insert projection lens P 2.5× (3-17/4) in adapter 60 for microscope camera (3-17/5). • Attach MC 80 DX basic body (3-17/2) on adapter 60 for microscope cameras until stop and fix it by clamping ring (3-17/3) anticlockwise.
Carl Zeiss 3.5.2 Axiolab A Attachment of Adapters for Video Cameras The following video adapters with 60 mm interface permit the attachment of one-chip b/w and color CCD cameras and 3-chip color CCD cameras to the camera port of the Axiolab A. Tube Adapter 456105 456107 456107 Cameras 456106 456106 456105 60 C 2/3“ 1.0× 60 C 2/3“ 0.63× 60 C 1/2“ 0.5× CAMERAS WITH 456119 456108 60 C 1/3“ (3CCD) 0.5× 456108 60 C 1/3“ 0.4× C-MOUNT 456123 456123 Zoom 60 C 2/3“ 0.4× ...
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Attachment of video cameras: • Loosen three hexagonal screws and remove dust cover from the Axiolab A camera tube. • Screw video adapter or video zoom adapter with C-mount thread into the video camera. Insert video adapter or video zoom adapter in ENG 2/3“ or ENG ½“ bayonet of the video camera and clamp it tight. • Insert premounted unit (video camera with video adapter or video zoom adapter) in the camera tube of the Axiolab A, align it and fix it using the three hexagonal screws.
Carl Zeiss 3.6 Axiolab A Insertion of 8× × Drawing Eyepiece The 8× drawing eyepiece (444126-0000-000) is an accessory for microscopic drawing and can only be used in combination with the binocular reflected-light tube 30°/20 H1 on the Axiolab A. It contains a beam splitter which allows the simultaneous observation of the microscope image and the drawing area. Switch on the microscope as described in section 3.2 and set it for reflected-light brightfield according to section 3.2.1.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss CARE, TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE Contents 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 CARE, TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE....................................................................4-3 Maintenance of the Instrument ........................................................................................4-3 Troubleshooting ..............................................................................................................4-4 Requesting Service........................................................
Carl Zeiss 4-2 Axiolab A B 40-015 e 06/99
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss 4 CARE, TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE 4.1 Maintenance of the Instrument Maintenance of the Axiolab A is limited to the following operations: • Cover the instrument with the dust cover after every use. • Do not set up the instrument in a damp room, i.e. max. humidity < 85%. • Remove dust from optical surfaces using a rubber blower or a natural hair brush. Use alcohol to remove grease from brush, then dry the brush.
Carl Zeiss 4.
Axiolab A (2) Carl Zeiss Changing the 6 V, 30 W Reflected-Light Halogen Lamp The following procedure is required to change the lamp of the 6 V, 30 W reflected-light halogen illuminator: • Switch off the lamp supply; if required, allow the illuminator to cool down for approx. 15 minutes. • Disconnect the line cable from the line. • Remove the connection cable of the reflectedlight illuminator from the socket at the rear of the instrument.
Carl Zeiss Axiolab A (3) Changing the 6 V, 30 W TransmittedLight Halogen Lamp The following procedure is required to change the lamp of the integrated 6 V, 30 W illuminator: • Switch off the extern lamp supply; if required, allow the illuminator to cool down for approx. 15 minutes. • Disconnect the line cable from the line. • Hold the ventilation grille (4-3/1) on its grip and pull it off in upward direction. • Remove the lamp insert by pressing its handle (4-3/2) together.
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss Annex - List of Abbreviation ..................................................................................................................... A-3 - Certification in Accordance with DIN EN ISO 9001 / DIN EN 46001............................................... A-5 - EC Conformity Declaration ..........................................................................................................
Carl Zeiss A-2 Axiolab A B 40-015 e 06/99
Axiolab A Carl Zeiss List of Abbreviations A AC incident light, analyzer Alternating Current Br. eyepieces suitable for spectacle wearers CCD CSA Charge-Coupled Device Canadian Standards Association D DIN Dmr, d DX transmitted light, filter attenuation in % German Standards Association diameter coding system for electronic data, e.g.
Carl Zeiss T TV T2-Adapter A-4 Axiolab A slow-blow fuse type television standard adapter for 35 mm cameras B 40-015 e 06/99
