YSI Environmental P u r e D a t a f o r a H e a l t h y P l a n e t .
YSI Environmental 2 Model 9600 Nitrate Monitor
TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE 9600 7 SECTION 2 GETTING STARTED 8 2.1 UNPACKING 2.2 UNDERSTANDING THE 9600 MODE OF OPERATION 2.3 PREPARING REAGENTS 2.4 FILLING THE REAGENT BAGS 2.5 PREPARING THE CADMIUM COLUMN 2.6 INSTALLING THE CADMIUM COLUMN 2.7 INSTALLING THE REAGENT BAGS 2.8 USING THE WASTE BAGS 2.9 ASSEMBLING THE NITRATE MONITOR 8 12 13 16 18 20 22 23 25 SECTION 3 PREPARING FOR A 9600 DEPLOYMENT 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.
SECTION 8 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 70 CHEMISTRY EFFECT OF PH FLOW SYSTEM DETAILS PUMPING SEQUENCES FLOW RESTRICTION PROBLEMS CALIBRATION OF SAMPLE AND STANDARD PUMPS CALIBRATION DETAILS SYSTEM LINEARITY TEMPERATURE EFFECTS 70 71 71 72 72 72 72 73 74 SECTION 9 UPGRADING 9600 FIRMWARE AND SOFTWARE 9.1 UPGRADING 9600 MONITOR FIRMWARE 9.
SAFETY AND EMC CONSIDERATIONS 9600 NITRATE MONITOR Before using the 9600, the user should carefully read the caution messages listed below and should review Sections 11 and 12 of this manual on Safety and EMC considerations. CAUTION: Operation of the YSI 9600 Nitrate Monitor requires the use of a variety of chemicals. With one exception (elemental cadmium), the user is required to purchase these chemicals from a vendor of their choice.
YSI Environmental 6 Model 9600 Nitrate Monitor
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE 9600 The YSI 9600 Nitrate Monitor is a powerful instrument that allows the user to continuously record nitrate levels at a variable sample interval and thus provides a much greater capability to detect nutrient events than the spot sampling activities which have historically been carried out. The 9600 can be custom configured with regard to detector cell to provide maximum accuracy for the type of water that you normally monitor.
• Large, non-volatile memory for data storage. • System can be used at depths up to 200 feet. • All firmware and software is user-upgradeable via the YSI Web page. SECTION 2 GETTING STARTED This section is designed to quickly familiarize you with the hardware and software components of the YSI 9600 and its accessories. By the end of Section 2 you will have...
Lift by Bail • After removal from the box, place the 9600 on a flat surface, usually the floor, and inspect it for any damage that might have occurred in transport. If any parts are damaged or missing, contact your YSI representative immediately. If you do not know which YSI dealer you obtained your YSI 9600 from, refer to Section 13 of this manual for contact information.
Lift straight up by bail • Locate the package containing the cadmium column and remove the box from the carousel. Also locate the 9615 Syringe Kit which is near the cadmium column. Set these items aside for later use. • Locate the seven (7) one liter reagent bags that are present in the individual compartments of the carousel. Note that one of the bags is loose in the compartment and has a tubing assembly attached to its middle port. This bag should be removed immediately and set aside for later use.
• Using only your fingers (no tools), remove each 1 L reagent bag from its color-coded fitting by grasping the bag-end of the assembly with one hand and turning the nut counterclockwise with the other as shown in the picture below. Set the bags aside for later use. • Inspect the detector cell that protrudes from the underside of the pressure manifold as shown in the pictures below and confirm that it is correct according to your order – either a 9600-02 with a 2 mm cell or a 9600-10 with a 10 mm cell.
CAUTION: The battery lid screws are captive. Do NOT continue to turn them after the battery lid can be removed. Loosen 4 battery lid screws and lift battery lid straight up • Confirm that the battery pack is present in the compartment, but do NOT connect its battery lead to the mating connector at this time. • Replace the battery lid. After completing the unpacking and inspection sequence outlined above, proceed to Section 2.2 below to gain a basic understanding of the Model 9600 mode of operation.
deployment, such as study name, sample interval, and the frequency of auto calibration, into a “Wizard” based interface, with this portion of the set-up taking a minute or less. The Wizard then guides the user through a predeployment pumping routine which takes approximately 60 minutes to assure that the instrument is functioning properly and provides error messages if any problem is apparent.
Ammonium Chloride – Fisher Scientific, Item Number A661-500 Sulfanilamide – Sigma , Item Number S-9251 N-(1-napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) – Aldrich, Item Number 22,248-8 Potassium Nitrate -- Alfa Aesar Chemical, Item Number 13443 Hydrochloric Acid (10 % v/v; 1.2 M) -- Fisher Scientific, Item Number LC15070-6 (10 liter container) Copper Sulfate Solution (10 % w/v) -- Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp.
SULFANILAMIDE – Weigh 15 g of sulfanilamide to the nearest gram and place the solid in a 2 L graduated plastic bottle. Add 1.5 L of 10 % hydrochloric acid and shake or stir until all of the solid is dissolved. Using the adjustable pipetter, add 1.5 mL of BRIJ 35 surfactant. NED – Weigh 1.50 g of N-(1-napthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) to the nearest 0.01 g and place the solid in a 2 L graduated plastic bottle. Add approximately 1.
consistently contain concentrations of nitrate higher than 6 mg/L, then users might consider employing a higher standard concentration such as 6 mg/L nitrate-N. For many estuarine and near coastal studies, where nitrate concentrations may always be below 0.5 mg/L nitrate-N, the use of a 0.2 mg/L standard will probably improve the data accuracy. Note, however, that YSI does not recommend using standards less than 0.1 mg/L of nitrate-N.
• Locate the 60 mL plastic syringe that was supplied with your Model 9600 in the 9615 Syringe Kit and remove the plunger. Clamp the syringe to a ringstand with the Luer Lock bottom fitting “down” and the syringe opening “up”. • Remove the Luer Lock plug from the side port on the reagent bag and make sure that the pinch clamp on the middle port of the bag is open. CAUTION: Make sure that you save the side port plug for resealing the bag after filling.
The reagent bag is now ready for installation in the nitrate analyzer. Repeat the filling process for all six reagent bags. Note that the wash (green fitting) and blank (black fitting) bags should be filled with purified water only. NOTE: Be sure to rinse the 60 mL syringe with purified water before switching reagents to avoid cross contamination in the reagent bags. 2.5 PREPARING THE CADMIUM COLUMN The cadmium column that was set aside during the unpacking process in Section 2.
reagent in a beaker or other suitable container and adding 8 mL of purified water. The resulting 2 % (w/v) solution will be used as part of the cadmium column activation process. 2.5.2 CADMIUM COLUMN ACTIVATION CAUTION: In case an inadvertent leak occurs during the following procedure, it is prudent to perform all operations with the apparatus placed in a flat glass baking dish with dimensions of about 9” x 18 “ x 1”.
• Rinse and fill the syringe assembly with 10 mL of purified water and repeat the injection procedure through the column to rinse out the acid. Again, the injection process should take approximately 15 seconds. • Rinse the syringe assembly with purified water and fill it with the 2 % (w/v) copper sulfate solution prepared in 2.5.1 above. Connect the syringe assembly to the cadmium column and slowly inject 5 mL of the reagent into the column while holding the open end of the column over a beaker.
Locate the two black straps in one of the carousel segments that will be used to retain the cadmium column assembly. Note that there is a section of tubing within the straps with two ends with brown threaded fittings that are connected by a translucent nut. NOTE: For optimum performance, the cadmium column should be installed in the flow system of the carousel so that the direction of flow through the column is the SAME as that used in its activation.
Now proceed to the installation of the reagent bags as described in Section 2.7 below. 2.7 INSTALLING THE REAGENT BAGS The next step in setting up the Model 9600 for field use is to install the six 1-liter reagent bags containing solutions prepared in Section 2.4 above into the nitrate monitor carousel. Remove the carousel from the outer shell of the analyzer and place it on the floor or a bench top in the vertical position supported by the three legs.
Flick fitting to force bubbles to top of bag 2.8 USING THE WASTE BAGS As received by the user, the two 5 liter waste bags will already be connected and reside in the bottom compartment of the carousel. However, YSI suggests that users become acquainted with the routing of the tubing to the bags from the pump manifold so that reattachment after each deployment will be easier. Note that each waste bag is enclosed in a plastic net that will support the weight of the liquid waste during a deployment.
• Make certain that the pinch clamps on the two waste bags are CLOSED. • Remove the threaded fittings from the middle ports of the waste bags. • Remove the waste bag assemblies (waste bag enclosed in netting) from the hooks on the underside of the center plate of the carousel. • Set the waste bag assemblies aside for proper disposal of the waste.
• Open the pinch clamps on the ports of the waste bags. 2.9 ASSEMBLING THE NITRATE MONITOR Before assembling the Model 9600 nitrate monitor for deployment, make sure the following has been done: • The cadmium column has been activated properly and installed in the carousel. • The six reagent bags have been filled, attached to the proper connectors, are properly installed, i.e., hanging from individual hooks in the carousel, and all of their pinch clamps have been OPENED.
eyebolts attached to it. The picture on the left below shows the correct orientation; the one on the right shows the incorrect placement of the carousel within the outer shell. CAUTION: Make certain that no sections of tubing are pinched between the outer shell and the carousel during the assembly process.
SECTION 3 PREPARING FOR A 9600 DEPLOYMENT In Section 2, you set up the physical components of your Model 9600 – cadmium column, reagent bags, and waste bags. In this section, you will learn how to install the PC software which allows interface to your 9600, power your instrument with either a battery pack or a power supply, attach a cable to the 9600, and establish an interface between the nitrate monitor and your PC. 3.
3.2 CHOOSING A CABLE FOR THE 9600 Depending on your applications, several YSI cables can be used to interface your 9600 to a computer running NUview software. The use of each of the cable types is explained below. 3.2.1 MODEL 6067B LABORATORY CABLE The 6067B is a short cable with a slide-in connector for the 9600 communication port on one end and a DB-9 (for serial computer connection) on the other.
3.2.3 MODEL 9600 FIELD CABLES As noted in Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 above, the major limitation of the use of existing YSI cables with the 9600 is that the nitrate monitor CANNOT be powered externally through these cables during deployments using the 9689 power supply, auxiliary batteries, or data collection platforms. However, special field cables such as the 9691, 9692, and 9693 are available for use with the 9600 under these conditions.
Lift Battery Pack Battery Lid • Using your fingers only, loosen the four captive screws on the battery lid until they turn freely. NOTE: If the screws are too tight to remove by hand, it is permissible to use a slotted screwdriver to loosen them. CAUTION: The battery lid screws are captive. Do NOT continue to turn them after the battery lid can be removed. • Grasp the handle on the battery lid and pull straight up to remove it, exposing the battery compartment as shown in the picture above right.
that both the battery pack described in 3.3.1 above and the 9689 power supply can both be plugged in with no concern about damage to the alkaline batteries. CAUTION: Remember that it will ONLY be possible to power the 9600 with the 9689 for field applications when a special 96XX cable with yellow plastic ends is used. While the 9689 can be used with standard YSI cables for instrument set-up and data upload, it cannot be used to power the instrument for actual field studies.
• Open the pinch clamp on the middle port of the second standard bag. • Hold the bag vertically so that the ports are on the bottom and tap the middle port to cause any trapped air to move to the bottom of the bag. If you have followed the step-by-step instructions above, your 9600 should be: • • • • • • Equipped with full reagent bags. Equipped with empty waste bags. Reassembled with the carousel inside the outer shell. Have the second standard bag attached to the 9600 inlet port.
Clicking on the System selection in the top menu bar and then choosing the Select entry will display the following screen that allows you to set up several items for later use. Before proceeding, you should enter the following information in the System menu: • Select a designation for your 9600 and type it in under Unit ID. This entry must be 15 characters or less. • Select an SDI12 address for your unit if you are going to use it with a data collection platform.
SECTION 4 STARTING A 9600 DEPLOYMENT 4.1 UNDERSTANDING CALIBRATION OF THE 9600 As described above, part of the reagent package of the 9600 is a standard (usually 1mg/L or higher concentration for a 9600-02 and 1 mg/L or lower for a 9600-10) and a blank (purified water with no nitrate present). These reagents are run through the system periodically during a deployment providing on-board calibration that compensates for any instrument drift.
4.2.1 PREDEPLOYMENT BATTERY VOLTAGE CHECK The voltage associated with your alkaline batteries will help you to determine if you have sufficient battery capacity prior to a deployment. To read the battery voltage, click on the System selection in the top menu bar and the display shown below left will appear. Click on the Check Battery Voltage selection and the current battery voltage will be displayed as shown below right.
After all items have been checked, click the Next button to proceed to the Predeployment System Check as described in Section 4.3 below 4.3 PREDEPLOYMENT SYSTEM CHECK After clicking the Next button in the Check List box, the following screen will appear: First, select the range in which you anticipate your field nitrate readings to be – 0-5 mg/L for “Normal” readings and 5-10 mg/L for “High” readings – by clicking the proper button.
• You wish to start a deployment study IN THE FIELD as described in Section 4.4 below and you have already run (and passed) a Predeployment Check in the laboratory. • After performing and passing the Predeployment Check and starting a deployment as described below, you realize that a mistake has been made in one or more of the entries you made in the Predeployment Setup Wizard as shown below.
If the test was passed, simply click “OK” and then click the Next button to proceed to the final set-up screen. If the display indicates that there was a failure in the predeployment systems test, note the nature of the failure mechanism as shown above: 1. The error message on the left indicates that the absorbance readings from the sample and standard (which are identical in the Predeployment Check) differ by more than the standard tolerance. 2.
Then contact YSI Technical Support for advice and have the following information available for the YSI representative: • The nature of the error message as noted in (1), (2), or (3) above. • A copy of the absorbance values that are shown on the screen after the test has failed similar to that shown above.
• Select the Sample Interval for your study – the time between samples in hours:minutes. Use the incrementing/decrementing buttons or simply click on the box and enter a number from the PC keyboard. Allowed intervals are 15 minutes and all other even increments of 15 minutes such as 30, 60, 75, 90 minutes. The software will NOT allow the entry of Sample Intervals that are not increments of 15 minutes. For example, Sample Intervals of 25 minutes or 1 hour and 55 minutes would be rejected.
Note that you can also choose to Log Immediately by clicking on the box to activate a check mark, in which case the calibration routine will start as soon as you complete the information on the set-up screen and click the Finish button. Users should be aware that choosing this option will almost always result in their samples being run at times that are not on the hour, the half hour, or the quarter hour.
CHOICE 1: Start the deployment but LEAVE THE SECOND STANDARD BAG IN PLACE UNTIL YOU ARE ACTUALLY AT THE FIELD SITE AND THEN REPLACE IT WITH THE INLET FILTER. This procedure effectively eliminates any chance that air will be sucked into the system no matter what the timing of your deployment. YSI GENERALLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU FOLLOW THIS PROCEDURE FOR MOST DEPLOYMENTS.
• Close the pinch clamp on the second standard bag. • Remove the second standard bag fitting from the inlet port and set the bag aside for future use. • Thread the inlet filter assembly onto the inner threads of the inlet port and tighten by hand – no tools should be used. • Thread the inlet filter guard onto the outer threads of the inlet port assembly and tighten by hand – no tools should be used.
SECTION 5 USING THE 9600 IN THE FIELD 5.1 PICKING A DEPLOYMENT SITE Because of its relatively large size, selection of sites for deployment of the 9600 is likely to require more care than for deployment of smaller water quality instruments such as YSI 6-series sondes. The key requirement for the deployment site is that the ENTIRE ANALYZER MUST BE IMMERSED for the instrument to function correctly.
• An auxiliary power source with a voltage range of 10 to 20 volts and supplying a current of at least 2 amperes. A typical application under these conditions would be a lead acid battery alone or one that is being powered by solar cells as part of a data collection platform package. Combinations of the battery pack and power supplies can also be used.
Use the options in this display to either view your data, upload your data, or stop your deployment as described in the two sections below. NOTE CAREFULLY: There is no need to stop the deployment to view or upload the data that is being logged for the study currently in progress. DO NOT STOP THE STUDY IF YOU ARE PLANNING ON LEAVING THE INSTRUMENT IN THE FIELD FOR A CONTINUATION OF THE EXISTING DEPLOYMENT. See Section 5.4 below for more information on actually stopping a study. 5.3.
5.3.2 UPLOADING DATA After interfacing the deployed 9600 to your PC that is running NUview software, click the File button to produce the following display. Highlight the file that you want to transfer to your PC and then click the Upload button on the left of the display. The following screen will appear providing two choices for the data format of the uploaded data.
advanced data analysis and troubleshooting if required by the user. The following parameters are found in the file: • The raw signal photodiode response for all samples, blanks, and standards in sequential listing. • The raw reference photodiode response logged at the time of each sample, blank and standard reading. • The battery voltage. • A date and time stamp for each sample, blank, and standard reading. In general, users will always want to upload their data in BOTH .DAT (YSI) and in .
NOTE CAREFULLY: When interfacing your PC to the 9600 to perform data uploads and quick views as described above, you have in no way affected the actual study which is presently in progress. Thus, there is no need to restart the study after performing these operations. 5.4 STOPPING THE DEPLOYMENT To stop a deployment, interface to the deployed 9600 with your PC which is running NUview software to generate the active deployment screen as shown below left.
remote transmission. NOTE CAREFULLY: The ONLY data returned by the 9600 to the DCP will be the Nitrate-N concentration in units of mg/L. It is important to note, however, that the 9600 operates in a slightly different manner from YSI 6-series sondes in the SDI-12 mode as described below. The important difference to the average user is the method of set-up before attachment of the sonde or 9600 to the DCP.
There are three basic steps through which you will have to proceed to use your 9600 with the YSI 6200 Data Collection Platform: • Start a deployment study as described above in Section 5.5.1. • Connect the MS-8 end of a 96XX cable to the mating MS-8 connector on the DCP enclosure. • Attach a serial cable between the proper connector on the 6200 and a serial port on your PC.
• Click “OK” and the system will detect all internal sensors (such as meteorological) which are associated with the 6200 package. Click the Next button every time a sensor is detected until the following screen is displayed. • Select Direct Connect to PC and click the Next button. The 6200 will take about 30 seconds to reboot and to synchronize its clock with that of the PC. Click Finish to complete the setup wizard.
• Select the “9600 Nitrate Monitor – SDI-12” option in the Select Sensor pop-up window. This will load the default settings for the nitrate monitor. • After the default settings for the nitrate monitor have been loaded, the following dialog box allows the user to change the default COM port, sensor name, and SDI-12 address. Select OK after making the necessary changes. • Click on the 6200 selection in the top menu bar and then the 6200 DCP Setup|System selection as shown below.
• After finalizing your entries in the dialog box above, click Apply and, after a period of about 30 seconds for reprogramming, the 6200/9600 interface will be completely set up and data will begin to be acquired by the 6200 at your programmed interval. If the computer remains attached to the 6200, data will be shown in the following form under the 9600 Nitrate Monitor tab at the bottom of the display.
5.5.3 USING THE 9600 WITH OTHER DATA COLLECTION PLATFORMS To use the 9600 with commercial data collection platforms from manufacturers like Campbell, Sutron, or Handar, you will need to interface the 9600 to the DCP using the 6096 adapter which has a MS-8 connector on one end (which attaches to a 96XX field cable) and flying wire leads on the other (which attach to the DCP).
you will need to set up the DCP software to issue the proper command to receive data from the 9600. You will again be required to consult you DCP manual to complete this software set-up. IMPORTANT: Remember that, no matter whether a YSI 6200 or another DCP is used with the 9600, you MUST ACTUALLY START A DEPLOYMENT using NUview software before detaching the instrument from your PC and connecting it to the DCP. 5.
• Remove the waste bags from the bottom of the carousel and dispose of the waste properly. See p. 5 and Section 12 of this manual for warnings and recommendations on waste disposal. Remove all air from the waste bags as described in Section 2.8.2 above and reinstall them. • Remove the reagent bags and properly dispose of any excess solutions. Attach each bag to the 60-mL syringe and add ca. 50-60 mL of purified (deionized or distilled) water to each bag.
SECTION 6 MANAGING 9600 FILES 6.1 INTRODUCTION This section deals with the management of data that have been logged to the memory of the 9600 during laboratory tests or field deployments. It is important to understand that data is stored in the 9600 in a raw format, i.e., only the outputs of the sample and reference detectors are present along with a designation as to whether the point is a sample, a standard, or a blank and the battery voltage.
• • Name – This is the designation entered by the user during the set-up of a study. Remember that the name can contain no more than eight characters and that it must not contain “illegal” Windows filename characters such as /, \, |, period, colon, asterisk, question mark, greater than, less than, space and comma. • Size – The size value provides the number of bytes in the data file.
delete files, highlight them as for uploading and then click on the Delete button at the left of the window. The following confirmatory message will appear to make sure that you do not inadvertently delete files that you wish to retain. Click the Yes button to delete the file or the No button to return to the Directory display. 6.
SECTION 7 ANALYZING DATA WITH ECOWATCH FOR WINDOWS 7.1 INTRODUCTION EcoWatch for Windows has been supplied on CD-ROM with your Model 9600 and is intended to be used to facilitate the analysis of data from the nitrate monitor. It is important to understand that several of the commands in EcoWatch for Windows will not be relevant to applications involving the 9600 since the program was also designed to provide direct interface to YSI 6-series sondes.
. 4 - Graph 1 - Data Display Window 2 - Parameter 6 - Page 3Trace 5 - Table Term Definition 1 - Data display window The window that appears when you open a .DAT file. 2 - Parameter A measurement such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, etc. On a graph, the data of a parameter is displayed as a trace. 3 - Trace The plot of the data of any one parameter. There may be one or two traces per graph. 4 - Graph There may be one or more graphs depending upon how many parameters are selected.
8 - Dialog box A dialog box opens to display choices. Such as File|Open. 9 – YSI Data Format file A data file that is in a format compatible with EcoWatch for Windows with a .DAT extension 9 – Study A single data file in YSI Data Format. 7.4 VIEWING AND GRAPHING YOUR NITRATE DATA Once uploaded, data can be easily displayed in EcoWatch in the form of either a data table or a graph as demonstrated in this section.
Click on the File|Open selection and then browse to the location of your 9600 data file (usually C:\PROGRAM FILES\NUVIEW\DATA) and then follow the instructions to open the file as shown below. After Clicking OK, the following display will appear. Note that you already have a graph in which the two uploaded 9600 parameters (nitrate-N concentration and sample absorbance are presented.
If you would like to view ONLY the nitrate concentration in your graph, the sample absorbance parameter can easily be removed. Click on the Setup selection in the upper menu bar and then select Parameters|Add/Remove as shown below. Highlight the Sample Absorb parameter on the left side of the box and then click the Remove selection. Note that you are NOT deleting this parameter – only moving it to a location where its data will no longer show in the graph or the data table.
You might also want to Save this custom display of your data in a file for later retrieval. This can easily be done using the File|Save Data Display command as shown below left. Name the data presentation as desired (in this case DELIMITED) and click OK as shown below right. To return to a graph in which all data is displayed, click on the Graph selection in the Toolbar and choose Cancel Limits as shown below left. The data display will then return to its original format as shown below right.
Now if you want to return to the data display in which only half the data is shown, use the File|Open Data Display command, select the DELIMITED designation, and click OK. The delimited data display will reappear. You might want to export your custom data presentation to a file which can be imported into spreadsheet programs such as Excel.
7.5 USING TOOLBAR SHORTCUTS The EcoWatch toolbar includes buttons for some of the most common commands in EcoWatch, such as File Open. To display or hide the toolbar, open the View menu and click on the Toolbar command. A check mark appears next to the menu item when the toolbar is displayed. The toolbar is displayed across the top of the application window, below the menu bar. Click To: Open an existing data file (.DAT).
Enlarge graph or table 20%. Reduce graph or table 20%. Return graph or table to its normal state (unzoom) Redraw the graph. Appendix A at the end of this manual provides information on all commands relevant to analysis of Model 9600 nitrate data and points out the commands which are not appropriate for use with the 9600.
SECTION 8 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION 8.1 CHEMISTRY The YSI 9600 uses a standard colorimetric method to measure combined nitrate and nitrite levels in natural water samples.
8.2 EFFECT OF PH The pH of the solution reacting with the copper activated Cd can have a major impact on reduction efficiency and the lifetime of the Cd/Cu particles. Hydrogen ions are required for the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, but if the hydrogen ion concentration is too high, additional reduction of the nitrite will occur. At the other extreme, if the pH is too high, cadmium hydroxide can precipitate in the column causing rapid degradation in performance (1).
and NED through line B. The output of all four pumps meet at a T-connection and continue through a mixing coil and detector cell. After a steady state concentration is achieved in the detector flow cell, buffer is pumped into the cadmium column and then all pumps stop to allow the color forming reaction to reach completion.
The blank is typically purified water which has a salinity which is roughly that of the water at the site for brackish and oceanographic applications and simply deionized or distilled water for freshwater applications. The blank and standard solutions are analyzed in a manner identical to the samples described above. The blank photodiode readings are defined as Po for determining absorbance values. The standard and sample photodiode readings are defined as P.
8.9 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS The effects of temperature on the performance of the 9600 fall into two categories. First, the output of the LED (the light source in the absorbance measurement) is temperature dependent. Second, the rate of the chemical reactions is highly dependent on temperature. Absorbance measurements are based on the amount of light entering (Po) and exiting (P) your sample flow cell. See Beer’s law above.
2.6 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CALCULATED NITRATE VALUES; COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION = 1.16 2.5 2.4 NITRATE-N, MG/L 2.3 2.2 2.1 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 0.000 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.
SECTION 9 UPGRADING 9600 FIRMWARE AND NUVIEW SOFTWARE The 9600 is controlled by a combination of a firmware package which resides in the analyzer electronics and is designated “9600 Firmware” and a software package which resides on the user’s PC and is designated NUview. Both firmware and software can be upgraded by the user from the YSI World Wide Web page (www.ysi.com) with no need to send the instrument in to the YSI Service Center. Please follow the instructions below if you require these upgrades. 9.
• When the update is finished (indicated on the PC screen as shown below), close the YSI Code Updater window (on the PC) by clicking on the "X" in the upper right corner of the window. • Disconnect the Model 9600 from the computer. 9.2 UPGRADING NUVIEW PC SOFTWARE Follow the step-by-step instructions below to upgrade the NUview software which is resident on the PC which is used to interface to your 9600. • Access the YSI Environmental Software Downloads page at www.ysi.
SECTION 10 TROUBLESHOOTING The following section describes problems that you might encounter when using the 9600 Nitrate Monitor and provides suggestions that will allow the user to overcome the symptom without additional assistance. If you still encounter the symptom after trying the suggested actions, please contact YSI Technical Support.
5. Are there any bubbles present in the reagent transfer lines? If so, make sure that all connections are finger tight, rerun the Predeployment Check and look again for bubbles. POSSIBLE SOLUTION Make sure that cable is attached securely to both the 9600 and the serial port of your PC. PROBLEM Cannot communicate in the field to upload or view data. Internal battery pack could be expended. Replace battery pack and try again to communicate or use external power supply.
SECTION 11 FERRITE BEAD INSTALLATION As described in the Declaration of Conformity YSI Item # 699298), the YSI 9600 Nitrate Analyzer complies with the Residential, Commercial and Light Industrial Class B Limits for radio-frequency emissions specified in EN55011 (CISPR11) for Industrial, Scientific and Medical laboratory equipment with no qualifiers.
SECTION 12 9600 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS! SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS! CAUTION: Operation of the YSI 9600 Nitrate Monitor requires the use of a variety of chemicals. With one exception (elemental cadmium), the user is required to purchase these chemicals from a vendor of their choice. Users should consult the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) supplied by these vendors for all reagents before their use.
SECTION 13 WARRANTY AND SERVICE INFORMATION The YSI Model 9600 Nitrate Monitor is warranted for one year against defects in workmanship and materials when used for its intended purposes and maintained according to instructions. Damage due to accidents, misuse, tampering, or failure to perform prescribed maintenance is not covered. Within the warranty period, YSI will repair or replace, at its sole discretion, free of charge, any product that YSI determines to be covered by this warranty.
AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER UNITED STATES AND INTERNATIONAL YSI Incorporated • Repair Center • 1725 Brannum Lane • Yellow Springs, Ohio • 45387 • Phone: (937) 767-7241 or 800-765-4974• E-Mail: environmental@ysi.com CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: Before they can be serviced, equipment exposed to biological, radioactive, or toxic materials must be cleaned and disinfected.
• Disconnect the tubing from the cadmium column assembly and plug the ends with the two black plugs that were set aside during unpacking. Connect the two nuts that were removed from the cadmium column with the translucent coupling nut that was set aside during unpacking. Do NOT return the cadmium column assembly with the analyzer. • Fill the second standard reagent bag with purified water and attach to the sample inlet fitting via the tubing assembly.
SECTION 14 REQUIRED NOTICE The Federal Communications Commission defines this product as a computing device and requires the following notice. This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, may cause interference to radio and television reception.
SECTION 15 9600 SPECIFICATIONS 15.1 SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS USING 2 MM PATHLENGTH DETECTOR CELL Range: 0 to 10 mg/L Nitrate-N Accuracy: 0-6 mg/L -- +/- 5 % of reading or 0.2 mg/L, whichever is greater. Accuracy: 6-10 mg/L -- +/- 10 % of reading using a 6 mg/L Nitrate-N standard. Accuracy in the 0-6 mg/L range may be slightly compromised by the use of the 6 mg/L standard. Detection Limit: 0.025 mg/L Nitrate-N USING 10 MM PATHLENGTH DETECTOR CELL Range: 0 to 2 mg/L Nitrate-N Accuracy: +/- 5 % of reading or 0.
SECTION 16 ACCESSORIES ITEM/MODEL # Model 6095 Model 6096 Model 6100 Model 6067 Model 9691 Model 9692 Model 9693 Model 9611 Model 9612 Model 9613 Model 9614 ACCESSORY 6095B Adapter, MS-8 to DB-9 w/ Power Port 6096 Adapter, MS-8 to Flying Leads, Use with DCPs 6100 External Power Connector, Attaches to 6095B adapter or 6067B cable 6067B Low Cost Calibration Cable, 10 ft.
SECTION 17 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS GENERAL What is the Model 9600 designed to do? The YSI 9600 Nitrate Monitor is a powerful instrument that allows the user to continuously record nitrate levels at a variable sample interval and thus provides a much greater capability to detect nutrient events than the spot sampling activities which have historically been carried out.
How would I decide which detector cell to order? Your choice should be based on the nitrate levels that normally exist in the water that you intend to monitor. For applications where typical nitrate levels are over 2 mg/L of nitrate-nitrogen, the 9600 should be configured with a 2 mm cell; for applications where typical nitrate levels are below 2 mg/L, the monitor should be equipped with a 10 mm detector cell.
- Can I use the 9600 to measure nitrite (NO2 )? Yes. The 9600 will measure the nitrite in the water if the cadmium column is removed and its inlet and outlet ports are connected by a fitting that is provided with the instrument. In fact, with the cadmium column in place, the 9600 measures the sum of the nitrate AND nitrite in the water being monitored.
any source of their choosing as long as the chemicals are (a) identical in formulation and (b) equivalent in purity – ACS Reagent Grade or better. An appropriate quantity of the reagents should be purchased based on the frequency of deployment of your 9600. The cadmium used in the system MUST be purchased from YSI in the form of a packaged column assembly. What equipment do I need to make up the solutions for the 9600? The following equipment should be available to users of the 9600.
USING THE 9600 IN FIELD STUDIES How do I interact with the 9600 to set it up and deploy it? To interface to the 9600 you must use a PC (laptop or desktop) which is running the YSI software that is TM designed for use with the nitrate analyzer. This software is called NUview and is supplied as a standard item with each 9600.
What is the physical size of the 9600? The 9600 is fairly large and must be so to provide space for the chemical reagent bags and the waste storage bags. When assembled, it is cylindrical in shape and is approximately 13 inches in diameter by 28 inches tall. When equipped with chemicals for a deployment, it weighs about 40 pounds.
• A new power supply (Model Number 9689) which will automatically convert line voltages of 90 to 264 VAC to 12 VDC and allows for the use of line input cords from most countries world-wide. The Model 9689 is supplied with an American/Canadian cord. Note that, while physically compatible with the 9600 cables (see below), other YSI power supplies such as the 6037, 6038, and 6123 should NOT be used with the 9600 since they do not supply enough power to operate the pumps correctly.
How do I acquire the data from my 9600? To extract nitrate data from the memory of the 9600, you will need to connect the nitrate monitor to a computer running NUview software and simply click the File selection in the initial screen. Then choose the Upload button and select the file type that you wish to upload to your computer. The raw data found in the memory of the 9600 can be uploaded in two formats as described below: • YSI Data Format (.
APPENDIX A ECOWATCH FOR WINDOWS COMMANDS The following section provides a description of all EcoWatch functions. Examples shown in the discussion use water quality parameters from 6-series sondes rather than nitrate data from a Model 9600, but the functionality of the commands is identical for both applications. As noted above, several of the commands in EcoWatch are used to communicate to 6-series sondes and these commands are not relevant for use with the 9600. 7.6.
Network... Choose this button to connect to a network location, assigning it a new drive letter. This button is hidden if your computer is not connected to a network. The screen above has the network button hidden. CLOSE Use this command to close all windows containing the active document. EcoWatch automatically saves any changes before the file is closed.
order. COPY TO CLIPBOARD If a graph or table is active, then choosing this command will send its contents to the Windows clipboard so that it can be pasted into other programs. This is a normal method of transfer data between different Windows programs. Shortcuts Toolbar: Keys: CTRL+C SAVE DATA DISPLAY When opening a data file, you will probably want to look at the data in graph form.
LOAD DATA DISPLAY This command is only available when a data file is open. If you have previously used the Save Data Display command for the open data file, then you can load the saved display and have it look exactly the same as when you saved it. Saved displays are associated with the data file. You can have as many as nine saved displays for each data file. When loading a display you will be asked to choose from among the names of saved displays.
WMF stands for Windows MetaFile and is a format that describes any image in a way that is independent of the program that generated the image. For example, you can generate a graph in EcoWatch, export it as a .WMF file and then import it into another Windows program. CDF stands for Comma Delimited, sometimes referred to as a Comma and Quote Delimited File. This format is commonly used by spreadsheet and database programs.
PRINT Use this command to print a document. If a graph is selected, this command presents a Print Option dialog box with the options below. When a table is selected, a standard print window is presented. Shortcut Toolbar: Keys: CTRL + P Printer If you have a color printer, you can choose to print in Color. Otherwise you should choose Mono (black and white). Size If you choose Max size, then the program will size the graph so that it fits on one page.
PRINT SETUP Use this command to select a printer and a printer connection. This command presents the Print Setup dialog box. The following options allow you to select the destination printer and its connection. Printer YSI Environmental Select the printer you want to use.
Orientation Paper Size Paper Source Options Network the box. You install printers and configure ports using the Windows Control Panel. Choose Portrait or Landscape. Select the size of paper that the document is to be printed on. Some printers offer multiple trays for different paper sources. Specify the tray here. Displays a dialog box where you can make additional choices about printing, specific to the type of printer you have selected.
7.6.2 EDIT The edit menu appears whenever a data file is opened in EcoWatch. It allows you to locate, format, and manage data. COPY Copies the selection to the clipboard. If a graph or table is active, then choosing this command will send its contents to the Windows clipboard so that it can be pasted into other programs. This is a normal method of transfer data between different Window programs. Copying data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there.
INSERT PARAMETER Adds an additional parameter to the data table and graph. All available parameters that can be added are shown on a list. FIND Locates text within the selected parameter. Only one parameter may be searched at a time. A system beep indicates that there are no more occurrences of the desired text. FIND AGAIN Locates the text that was most recently searched for within the selected parameter. Only one parameter may be searched at a time. 7.6.
CAP NUM The Caps Lock key is latched down. The Num Lock key is latched down. SCRL The Scroll Lock key is latched down 4-DIGIT YEAR Use this command to toggle between a date with a two or four digit year on the graph and table. GRAPH Use this command to display and hide the Graph page when viewing a file. The graph page contains plots of data. Shortcuts Toolbar: TABLE Use this command to display and hide the Table page while viewing a data file.
Shortcuts Toolbar: STUDY INFO This command will display a dialog box describing the study. It will show the sonde type and serial number that was used to collect the data, the parameters available, the logging interval, and the beginning and ending times of the sample.
ZOOM IN Enlarges graph or data table (whichever is currently active) by 20%. Shortcuts Toolbar: ZOOM OUT Reduces graph or data table (whichever is currently active) by 20%. If the graph already extends to both ends of the Study Limits, then it is not possible to zoom out any farther and this command will be dimmed. Shortcuts Toolbar: UNZOOM Displays the graph all the way to both ends of the Study Limit if a graph is selected. Displays the data table in default size, if a data table is selected.
CENTER SCROLL Centers graph at the mouse cursor. The pointer will change to a bullseye. Clicking anywhere on the graph will cause that point to be moved to the center. This command stays active until you execute it again. Shortcuts Toolbar: LIMIT DATA SET This command limits the amount of data being processed. If you are not presently interested in portions of the graph or table at the beginning or end of the study, you may want to use this command to indicate only that portion that you are interested in.
. REDRAW If part of a graph is not displayed it could be because your window is sized too small to display it or because you have just returned to EcoWatch from some other application. Maximizing the window and choosing this command should display your graph correctly Shortcuts Toolbar: CANCEL LIMITS Choose this command to cancel the limits set by the Limit Data Set command. 7.6.7 SETUP PARAMETER Lets you select which parameters you want to analyze and how they will appear.
The TSS parameter (only available if your sonde has a Turbidity sensor) is a parameter that is not part of your original collected data. TSS is calculated by EcoWatch, which uses the Turbidity data and a set of correlation points that you enter. When you add TSS, a TSS calibration window will popup and prompt you for a set of correlation points. For more information see Calibrate TSS. Units Select the units for any parameter. It will take you to the Change Parameter Units dialog box.
you acquired data every 15 minutes and you set the average interval to 60 minutes, each set of four points will be averaged and then plotted as a single point. This feature will not only smooth a graph, but will also reduce the amount of data exported. This is sometimes convenient when exporting to a spreadsheet. The x-axis parameter is normally Time, but you can choose any parameter you like. By default, data files are sorted by increasing time.
Goes to the Font Dialog Box where you can change the font and color of text that appears in the graph. • Font Type or select a font name. EcoWatch lists the fonts available with the current printer driver and additional fonts installed in your system. • Font Style Select a font style. To use the default type style for a given font, select Regular. • Size Type or select a font size. The sizes available depend on the printer and the selected font.
Page Color Goes to the Color Dialog Box where you can change the color of the graph page. This is the background for all of the graphs rather than the background for each individual graph that is set with the next command. Trace Color Goes to the Change Trace Color dialog box where you can change the color of the trace and the background for each of the individual graphs. For setting the background color for all graphs, see the previous command.
Page Title This is where you can enter a title for the graph. The title may have one or two lines. 1 Trace per Graph Choose this to have just one parameter on each graph. 2 Traces per Graph Choose this to have two parameters on each graph. TABLE If there is no table, then the commands on this submenu will be unavailable. The Table submenu offers the following commands: Font/Color Goes to the Font Dialog Box where you can change the font and color of text that appears in the table.
4 - You can change the units of the displayed parameters by going into the Parameter submenu of the Setup Menu. 5 - You can change the order of the parameters by going into the Add/Remove Parameters dialog box in the Parameter submenu of the Setup Menu. 6 - You can set the scaling options for your data by double-clicking on the Y-axis of the graph and using the Graph Y-Axis dialog box to set the scales. 7 - After setting the display parameters enter the Setup Menu and choose Set Default Template.
WINDOW 1, 2... EcoWatch displays a list of currently open document windows at the bottom of the Window menu. A check mark appears in front of the document name of the active window. Choose a document from this list to make its window active. 7.6.10 HELP The Help menu offers the following commands, which provide you assistance with this application: CONTENTS Offers you a list of the available Help topics. USING HELP Use this command for instructions about using Help.
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