TL n°1 TECHNICAL LETTER N°1 Subject: Kit ECU Electronic Control Unit
TL n°1 Generality Kit ECU are developed around the same hardware as production bike. Meanwhile, ECU pin out is different as production version and Kit ECU combine exclusively with kit wire harness.
TL n°1 Functions ECU controls and manages the main following parameters: Injection Ignition Throttle Shifter Pit road limiter Engine brake Those parameters called mapping are developed to give the best performance to the engine. A long and fastidious battery of tests are achieved to develop the kit ECU. The final ECU mapping is defined after several engine dyno tests, chassis dyno and track tests condition.
TL n°1 Internal ECU parameters are fixed but users may adjust few parameters through the Yamaha Matching system. This software communicates with ECU. This possibility is given to adjust parameters in order to match and combine with the specificities of team bike.
TL n°1 Inside ECU, there is two mapping One concerns the Stocksport (STK) condition (basically standard engine or very near). The second one concerns Supersport (SS) condition for R6 and Superbike (SBK) condition for R1.
TL n°1 Racing teams can select the mapping that match with their engine specifications. It is possible with a small electric loop on the racing kit wire harness. This coupler is located on the left side of the bike near the front fork leg. Loop condition Plug Unplug R1 R6 Superbike Supersport Stocksport Wire harness is delivered with the loop connected. When the loop is plugged, it is Supersport or Superbike mapping. Unplugged, it is Stocksport regulation.
TL n°1 The ECU reference numbers Year / Model R1 Year / Model R6 2010 14B-8591A-71 2010 2C0-8591A-91 2009 14B-8591A-70 2009 2C0-8591A-90 2008 4C8-8591A-80 2008 2C0-8591A-80 2007 4C8-8591A-70 2007 2C0-8591A-71 2004-2006 5VY-8591A-72 2003-2005 5SL-8591A-80
TL n°1 Next month, the Technical letter will tackle about Yamaha Matching System software
° ° Subject: Squish & Compression ratio measurement
°8 Introduction This Technical Letter is dedicated to squish and compression ratio measurement. Those measures are used to determined cylinder head gasket thickness. Through the following pages, I described a method to measure both engine features.
°8 Summary for Squish and Compression ratio Introduction Basic Tools Spanner Equipment Squish measurement method Compression ratio measurement
°8 1 . Measurement of squish hight 1.1 - Introduction The squish height is the distance between piston and cylinder head. Through this paragraph, you will find the stages to measure and fix squish height. The squish height must be controlled and adjusted in the following cases: When you change cylinder head gasket or cylinder base gasket thickness When you grind cylinder body height When you proceed engine maintenance Camshaft duration at 1 mm Camshaft duration at 0.
°8 1.2 - Basic tools From kit parts catalogue you can get a basic kit for the measurement of squish height. It is recommended to use this tool in addition to the basic camshaft adjustment kit which includes the crankshaft tool.
°8 1.3 - Spanner equipment In order to work effectively and precisely, you need to use appropriate tools and spanner. To drive crankshaft, we recommend you to use a long ratchet wrench with 22mm socket. A long wrench will help you to drive smoothly and precisely the engine crankshaft. By this way, you will ensure to reach perfectly piston TDC.
°8 1.4 - Practical Method 1.4.1 – Reaching TDC To achieve this process, it is not necessary to adjust precisely the disc. The dial gage bridge is placed on the piston centre. Then, by rotation of the crankshaft, the dial gage needle indicates the TDC when it reached the highest position. When the piston reached the TDC position, we usually rebalanced horizontally the piston in order to provide an accurate piston depth measurement.
°8 Dial gage indicate TDC when the needle reached its maximum value. 1.4.2 – Measurement of the piston depth Once the piston reached TDC, the measurement of the piston depth may started. To provide an accurate piston depth measurement, we usually measure 4 points outer the piston. This measurement is conduced for each piston.
°8 A The 4 points of each piston are measured as below and transfer to the table below. Before presenting the bridge on piston top, it is necessary to adjust dial gage scale to 0 mm on a marble.
°8 Once all 4 pistons and 4 points are measured, calculate piston depth average. The average of those 4 points defines the piston depth. The value that will be used for the calculation of squish is the minimum value of average. That means the highest piston position. Piston Number 1 2 3 4 Piston depth Average of 4 measurement points Note: piston depth may be influenced by the cylinder base gasket thickness on R1 engines.
°8 1.4.3 Calculation of squish height Squish height is the distance from piston to cylinder head.
°8 1.4.4 Recommended squish height The minimum squish heights are mentioned in the kit manual. It is imperative to follow those data to avoid any engine failure. 1.4.
°8 2 . Measurement of compression ratio 2.1 - Introduction Compression ratio is the ratio from the volume imprisoned on the top of the piston at TDC and the complete volume when piston is at BDC. There are several ways to measure a compression ratio. The method described in the next pages require to measure three volumes : volume of piston; volume of cylinder head gasket and volume of combustion camber. Then, the compression ratio is calculated with those data.
°8 2.2 – Basic Tools In order to measure engine volumes, it is necessary to use accurate tools. In that way, I use a laboratory tool call burette which allow a really precise measurement.
°8 2.3 - Practical Method 2.3.1 – Measurement of piston volume The method of measurement of piston volume should be adapted to piston top shape. The simpler case is flat piston (YZF-R1 OEM parts). In that case, the piston never protrude cylinder upper face. Racing pistons or standard R6 piston have top shape which rise upper cylinder face. The pictures below are shot on an R6 engine (with roof piston). The first stage consist to reach TDC following the method described during squish measurement.
°8 Once the Plexiglas is sealed, with a burette, fill the volume under this plate. All the bubble will be removed by balancing engine body in order to drive out air and fill with oil. When the cylinder is filled, note the volume on the burette. Then, it may be possible to calculate piston volume.
°8 The piston volume is calculated with the following formula: “Piston Volume” = “Measured volume on the burette” “Cylinder volume generated when the piston was moving down (3mm)” “Piston Volume (PV)” = “Measured volume on the burette” (π * Cylinder diameter ^2 * 3 mm / 4) Caution: in some case, piston volume calculation may be negative, that means that piston top fill the combustion camber.
°8 2.3.2 – Measurement of cylinder head volume The measurement of cylinder head volume is achieved in a similar way. Meanwhile, it may happen that valves edge rise up cylinder head surface. In that case, is it necessary to used grind Plexiglas with valve space. Plexiglas plate is sealed on cylinder head with grease, then with burette fill combustion camber with the burette. This one was initially fill to “0” value.
°8 The burette deliver in that case the cylinder head camber volume. “Cylinder Head camber volume (CC)” = “Measured volume on the burette” Note: Combustion camber volume may vary with tuning (cylinder head grinding, camber grinding, modification of valves shape or valve deph).
°8 2.3.3 – Measurement of cylinder head gasket volume The measurement of cylinder head gasket volume is the final and the easiest of those measures. To determine the head gasket, you need two information : gasket thickness and inner diameter (as it may vary from standard to kit gasket, it is necessary to measure this diameter.
°8 2.3.
°8 Next month, Technical letter n°9 will tackle about Piston installation and conrod fitting.
° ° Subject: Camshaft Practical
°7 Introduction This Technical Letter is the second edition concerning camshaft. Through the following pages, I described one method to reach camshaft recommended event angle. The previous Technical Letter described the vocabulary and the recommended camshaft settings, this new edition is the practical application.
°7 Summary for Camshaft setting Introduction Basic Tools Spanner Equipment Camshaft Setting Practical Method
°7 Camshaft Setting 1.1 - Introduction You may meet different case when it is necessary to adjust camshaft timing.
°7 1.2 - Basic tools We propose in our kit parts catalogue a “Basic kit of Adjustment tool”. This kit includes: Two gages to measure valve position One lever to lift up the valve One angle disc with axle to fit every engines One TDC detecting tools Beside this basic kit, you must obtain the “Attachment tool” for your engine. An “Attachment Tool” is available for each engine. Note : The “Attachement tool” set are delivered without dial gages.
°7 1.3 - Spanner equipment In order to work effectively and precisely, you need to use appropriate tools and spanner. To drive the disc, we recommend you to use a long ratchet wrench with 22mm socket. A long wrench will help you to drive smoothly and precisely the engine crankshaft. By this way, you will ensure to reach perfectly piston TDC.
°7 1.4 - Practical Method 1.4.1 - Locating angle disc to TDC The first stage of camshaft setting consists to locate crankshaft position. Crankshaft position is displayed by an angle disc. To fit the disc to the engine, unscrew the bolt situated on the right side of the engine crankshaft. Then, with a 22mm socket on a ratchet, you can drive the engine crankshaft. Then, fit a needle to indicate the crankshaft position. Finally, screw the TDC detecting tool in the spark plug hole.
°7 Once the tools are installed on the engine, you can start to locate TDC: Reach quickly the TDC (TDC dial gage detecting piston position.
°7 Once you set up roughly the disc position, you must control and re-adjust precisely the “0°” of the disc. Then, you will turn the crankshaft in order to move down the piston 2 mm on each side of the TDC (Before and After Top Dead Center). Meanwhile, each time, be aware the crankshaft should be driven clockwise (usual crankshaft direction) to clear out all back clearance from a counter-clockwise rotation. This remark is particularly important more specially during camshaft setting.
°7 Piston position 2mm BTDC B position Angle in Degree on the disc TDC 2mm ATDC C position " 0° " Stage 1 Set disc position roughly Stage 2 Measurement at 2mm before and after Top Dead Center 22° 24° Stage 3 1st adjustement of the disc 22,5° 23,5° Stage 4 2nd adjustment of the disc 23° 0° 23° The angle indicated above are an example.
°7 1.4.2 Setting the exhaust camshaft As the exhaust camshaft is the first one driven by the chain, we recommend starting camshaft setting on exhaust side. To measure cam position, fit the “Adjustement Tool” on the left side of the cylinder head. Be aware of the gage should measure a complete valve stroke (Drive 360° the camshaft to control the gage stroke). You may adjust the gage altitude with the clamp screw. Once you have been through this point, you may start camshaft position measurement.
°7 To get disc angle, follow the steps below: C B A X Y a) turning the crankshaft counter-clockwise with minimum 3mm down on the valve (A) b) turning the crankshaft clockwise in order to clear out the clearance from chain and camshaft sprocket and reach the position of the valve 2 mm down before maximum lift (the value on the disc is “X” from outside angle scale on the disc) (B) c) then drive again the crankshaft clockwise to reach 2mm down after maximum lift and note the crankshaft angle (value on the
°7 The graph below describe the valve opening curve. Once you have measure the position of the camshaft, you may need to change it. In any case, you have to follow recommended data from the Kit Manual. To change the position of the camshaft, unscrew the sprocket bolts and drive the crankshaft to make the sprocket turning a tiny angle around the camshaft. Then, tight the bolts and measure again the position of the camshaft.
°7 You must repeat this operation till you reach the recommended camshaft position. This is a method by iteration.
°7 To measure this clearance, the Kit Adjustment tool includes a lever. This lever as you may see on the following picture is pushing the tappet valve. The distance from valve to piston is displayed on the gage.
°7 1.4.3 - Setting intake camshaft The method that consists to set up intake camshaft is similar to exhaust setting.
°7 The graph below describe the movement of the intake valve through crankshaft position In case of re-adjustment of camshaft event angle, you may proceed in a similar way as the method presented on paragraph concerning the exhaust camshaft.
°7 Measurement of the valve to piston clearance The final intake camshaft setting require to control the distance from valve to piston. This parameter got the priority to the event angle. The minimum distance from valve to piston is mentioned on the kit manual. This value may change according to the engine specification. The method of the measurement is similar to the exhaust case. Meanwhile, the minimum distance from intake valve to pistons occur at 10 degrees After TDC.
°7 1.4.
°7 Next month, Technical letter n°8 will tackle about Squish measurement & compression ratio.
° ° Subject: Camshaft Theory
°6 Introduction This new edition of Technical Letter presents the first approach of camshaft. This document, is a reminder of camshaft vocabulary and basic knowledge in order to prepare practical camshaft setting which will be presented on the next Technical Letter.
°6 Summary Vocabulary and Camshaft Theory Camshaft setting Kit camshaft specification Camshaft reference table
°6 Vocabulary and Camshaft Theory Lobe Center CAMSHAFT DEFINITIONS When discussing camshafts, enthusiasts often get confused with the terminology used to describe the various parts of the camshaft. We hope the diagram on the left and the definitions below will help enthusiasts better understand camshafts and the related terminology.
°6 • RAMP: The textbook definition of ramp is the section of the cam from the base circle to where the valve physically begins to open, or finishes closing.
°6 • Valve lift and duration: the lift is defined as the linear movement of the valve. The maximum lift is reached at lobe center. Valve opening duration is a parameter which is used to defined the duration (in angle) of opening valve. This parameter is given at 0.3mm of valve lift sometimes at 1mm. On kit manual book, this parameter is given at 0.3mm. CAMSHAFT PROFILE & VALVE LIFT 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Camshaft duration at 1 mm 1 Camshaft duration at 0.
°6 Adjusting tappet clearance Tappet Clearance (intake) Tappet Valves
°6 • TAPPET Clearance: The tappet clearance is the distance from the camshaft base circle to the lifter valve. This clearance is maximum when the cam lobe is in opposit position to valve steam. This clearance is closed up when the camshaft ramp come in contact with lifter valve. This clearance is defined on Kit Manual Book and established to compensate valve steam elongation with engine heat.
°6 Camshaft setting First stage : Adjusting camshaft event angle Exhaust camshaft Intake camshaft Crankshaft position
°6 • Event angle: is defined as the crankshaft angle position when camshaft intake or exhaust is located at maximum valve lift. The Event angle of both camshaft intake and exhaust should follow the recommended values in kit manual book.
°6 Second stage : Checking Valve to Piston clearance BTDC ATDC
°6 • Valve To piston clearance: camshaft event angle define the position of camshaft regarding crankshaft angle. Meanwhile, due to engine tuning specifications, camshaft position measurement should be combine to the clearance from valve to piston. This clearance got priority to camshaft position. This clearance is mentioned on kit manual book. Clearance from valve to piston on exhaust side is controlled Before TDC. Clearance from valve to piston on intake side is controlled After TDC.
°6 Camshaft recommended setting R1 Year / Model 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 Event angle Intake Exhaust (Event angle / clearance) (Event angle / clearance) 110° (1mm / 10°) 105° (2mm va/pis) 110° (1mm / 10°) 110° (1,28mm / 10°) 110° (1,28mm / 10°) 105° (1,3mm / 10°) 105° (1,3mm / 10°) 105° (1,3mm / 10°) 110° (2mm /10°) 110° (2,58mm / 10°) 110° (2,58mm / 10°) 105° (2,5mm / 10°) 105° (2,5mm / 10°) 105° (2,5mm / 10°) Clearance Angle of control
°6 R6 Year / Model 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Intake Exhaust (Event angle / clearance) (Event angle / clearance) 110° (1,05mm / 12°) 115° (1,62mm / 12°) 110° (1,1mm / 12°) 110° (1,1mm / 12°) 110° (1,1mm / 12°) 105° (1,1mm / 12°) 105° (0,75mm / 10°) 110° (1,62mm à 12°) 110° (1,62mm à 12°) 110° (1,62mm à 12°) 109° (1,62mm à 12°) 105° (1,75mm à 11°)
°6 R6 Camshafts Reference Table R6 Year / Model Intake Exhaust 2010 2C0-12171-71 2C0-12181-71 2009 2C0-12171-71 2C0-12181-71 2008 2C0-12171-71 2C0-12181-71 2007 2C0-12171-71 2C0-12181-71 2006 (coupler) 2C0-12171-70 2C0-12181-70 2005 5SL-12171-80 5SL-12181-80
°6 R1 Camshafts Reference Table R1 Year / Model Intake Exhaust 2010 14B-12170-70 14B-12180-70 2009 14B-12170-70 14B-12180-70 2008 4C8-12171-80 4C8-12181-80 2007 4C8-12171-70 4C8-12181-70 2006 5VY-12171-71 5VY-12181-71 2005 5VY-12171-71 5VY-12181-71 2005 5VY-12171-81 5VY-12181-81 (Standard lift)
°6 Next month, Technical letter n°7 will tackle about camshafts practice
° ° Subject: Racing Kit Wire Harness For YZF – R1
° Introduction Following the presentation (TL n°4) of YAMAHA YZF-R6 wire harness, TL n°5 presents YEC racing kit wire harness for YAMAHA YZF – R1. Several pictures will help users to understand functions, to recognise sensors and associated couplers.
° Summary General other view of Racing Kit Wire Harness Detail of each couplers and sensors Wire Harness reference table
° General over view of YZF – R1 Racing Wire Harness
° Detail of each parts of Wire Harness Alternator (ACM) Electric regulator
° Main switch Main switch : Wire Harness power supply switch
° Pit Road Limiter, select Base MAP, select MAP switch & Quick shifter Pit Road Limiter MAP 1 & 2 Pit Road limiter, shifter & MAP1/2 on standard handle bar switch
° Air temperature sensor
° Electric Steering damper (plugged on kit harness)
° Select MAP Switch Select Base MAP : Plugged = Superbike Unplugged = Superstock
° Quick shifter coupler
° Oil level gauge
° Variable Intake Motor
° Starter relay
° Power supply Relay Assy Resistor assy avoid quick shifter problem in wet conditions Resistor Assy This coupler is powered when engine stop switch is “ON”
° Lean Angle sensor Lean angle sensor is a security tools = switch off engine when bike falls down
° Electronic Control Unit
° Engine / Electric mass Fuel tank coupler (Pump and Gauge)
° Neutral switch / Gear position sensor Speed sensor (Gearbox / Engine crankcase back side)
° Water temperature sensor (cylinder head)
° Top injectors coupler (Top injectors located on top of Air box)
° (coupler) Crankshaft sensor (pick up)
° TPS (Throttle Position Throttle body Sensor) Electric throttle actuator (coupler) Rider request a throttle position (APS) => ECU define real Throttle position (TPS) in function of several parameters APS sensor (Rider position)
° Air Temperature sensor (coupler)
° (coupler) Engine kill switch & starter button
° To adjust Shift Light : Push the button “select” few seconds, then select needle position for shift light ON (coupler) Dashboard
° (coupler) 2 pins coupler = power supply (Black = GND ; Red/White = Power) 4 pins coupler = signals (Green/White = Water temperature ; White/Yellow = Bike Speed ; Yellow = Throttle Position Sensor ; Yellow/Black = Engine revolution) Data acquisition couplers
° (coupler) Communication coupler
° Wire Harness Reference Table Year / Model R1 ECU R1 Wire Harness 2010 14B-8591A-71 14B-F2590-70 2009 14B-8591A-70 14B-F2590-70 2008 4C8-8591A-80 4C8-F2590-80 2007 4C8-8591A-70 4C8-F2590-70 2006 5VY-8591A-72 5VY-F2590-71 2005 5VY-8591A-71 5VY-F2590-70 2004 5VY-8591A-70 5VY-82590-70
° Next month, Technical letter n°6 will tackle about camshafts.
° ° Subject: Racing Kit Wire Harness For YZF - R6
° Introduction To complete previous Technical Letters, I present in two Technical Letters racing kit wire harness. TL n°4 is presenting YEC racing kit wire harness for YAMAHA YZF – R6. The TL n°5 will be dedicated to YZF – R1. Several pictures will help users to understand functions, to recognise sensors and associated couplers.
° Summary General other view of Racing Kit Wire Harness Detail of each couplers and sensors Wire Harness reference table
° General over view of YZF – R6 Racing Wire Harness
° Detail of each parts of Wire Harness Electric regulator
° Main switch Main switch : Wire Harness power supply switch
° Pit Road Limiter, select Base MAP, select MAP switch & Quick shifter Electric regulator Pit Road Limiter MAP 1 & 2 Select Base MAP : Plugged = Supersport Unplugged = Superstock
° ACM Generator Kit ACM alternator (stator on the picture) is plugged in place of the standard ACM
° Fuel Tank coupler (pump and gage)
° Lean Angle sensor Lean angle sensor is a security tools = switch off engine when bike falls down
° Electronic Control Unit
° Resistor assy avoid quick shifter problem in wet conditions Resistor Assy Power supply (rear) This coupler is powered when engine stop switch is “ON”
° Starter relay Relay Assy Fuses
° Water temperature sensor (cylinder head)
° (coupler) Crankshaft sensor (pick up) Gear speed sensor (engine crankcase back side)
° Engine / Electric mass Top injectors coupler
° Ignition coil and camshaft sensor wire harness coupler Air Funnels actuator coupler
° Throttle body wire harness (bottom injectors)
° Engine kill switch & starter button
° To adjust Shift Light : Push the button “select” few seconds, then select needle position for shift light ON Dashboard
° Ignition coils Camshaft sensor
° 2 pins coupler = power supply (Black = GND ; Red/White = Power) 4 pins coupler = signals (Green/White = Water temperature ; White/Yellow = Bike Speed ; Yellow = Throttle Position Sensor ; Yellow/Black = Engine revolution) Data acquisition couplers
° Air pressure sensor Air temperature sensor
° Communication coupler
° Wire Harness Reference Table Year / Model R6 ECU R6 Wire Harness 2010 2C0-8591A-91 13S-F2590-71 2009 2C0-8591A-90 13S-F2590-71 2008 2C0-8591A-80 13S-F2590-70 2007 2C0-8591A-71 2CO-F2590-80 2006 2CO-F533A-70 2CO-F2590-70 2005 5SL-8591A-80 5SL-F2590-71 2003-2004 5SL-8591A-70 5SL-F2590-70
° Next month, Technical letter n°5 will tackle about YZF- R1 Racing Wire Harness.
TL n°3 TECHNICAL LETTER N°3 Subject: YMS Yamaha Matching System “Second approach : using YMS on track”
TL n°3 Introduction This new edition of the Technical Letter brings methods in order to make a correct use of this software. TL n°3 gives a practical use in real condition, on track with a data acquisition or on a dynamometer machines.
TL n°3 Summary Compensate fuel Map Offset Ignition ETV Control (Engine brake control) Pit road limiter
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP As mentioned in the previous Technical letter, “Compensate Fuel MAP” table should be adjusted in combination with a data acquisition. It is not possible to adjust correctly this parameter without this device. There is two important points or areas where technicians have to focus on. The first one is the opening throttle area and the second one is the full opening throttle area. This first one determine the rider feeling on opening gaz.
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP : Identification area The area mentioned on previous page are located on a data acquisition as mentioned here after.
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP : Opening Throttle Opening throttle is on every machines (R1 or R6) located around 10% (+ or – 4%). The most useful area is located on the dark rectangle on 4th page. As described on data logging picture above, there is a time gap, or reaction time between throttle opening and lambda start measurement. This time depends of distance from cylinder head to lambda and also from sensor reaction itself. It may also depends of data acquisition system measurement frequency.
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP : Opening Throttle Opening throttle is an important parameter which determines when rider can open throttle in the corner. When engine reaction is brutal on opening throttle, rider as to wait a safe position on corner exit before opening gaz. Moreover, this is a key point for the “throttle connection “ with tyre. Practically, engine becomes aggressive when lambda going lean (over 12.8). Generally, on R1 bike, the engine should run reach (from 12 to 12,5).
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP : Full gas Here below a sample of a lambda measurement on full gas area. Before any adjustment on YMS data, lambda measurement curve may be unstable as the sample below. In that case, lambda should be adjust leaner on 100% throttle and should be corrected when throttle reach 100%. Should be adjusted with YMS Lambda 12.
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP : Full gas Lambda value on Full gas area is an important criteria for engine power delivery. • Excessively lean, there is a risk for engine life, engine knocking, engine overheat and engine power decreasing. • Too reach, no particular risk for engine, meanwhile engine power can not express itself. • Best engine power delivery around 13 / 13.3 Fuel consumption It depends of track layout, meanwhile, fuel consumption is drastically influenced by lambda value on Full gas area.
TL n°3 Compensate Fuel MAP : Full mapping adjustment To adjust fuel mapping, there is a basic rule that works in 99% case: YMS Fuel Offset Lambda 2% 0,2 4% 0,4 5% 0,5 10% 1 + 4 % fuel => lambda will reach + 0,4
TL n°3 Offset Ignition : Generality Offset Ignition is a parameter which allow to adjust ignition timing function of engine specifications. Ignition base mapping is developed with YEC racing engineers. This mapping is fixed in order to give best power delivery to the engine. YMS offer the possibility a apply a correction “offset” of base mapping. Ignition offset => affect directly engine power delivery.
TL n°3 Offset Ignition : Opening throttle and middle range Engine character can be adjusted by ignition offset. As this parameter influence directly engine power delivery, this is a simple way to control engine power delivery on opening throttle (after correct adjustment of Fuel mapping). When engine is too much aggressive on opening throttle, a reduction of 5 to 15 degrees of ignition advance will help rider. Engine character become smoother as offset increasing on negative side.
TL n°3 Offset Ignition : Full gas, power delivery As mentioned before, Ignition base MAP is achieved to brings best engine power delivery in any conditions (R6STK / R6 SS / R1 STK / R1SBK). This important parameter may influence significatively engine life. Function of an important number of parameters such as : air temperature, atmospheric pressure, engine temperature, engine compression ratio, fuel quality (octane), a phenomenon which is hazardous to control may occurs : knocking or detonation.
TL n°3 Offset Ignition : Full gas, power delivery The graph below shows four typical evolutions of power delivery with a variation of ignition advance (or ignition offset). Ignition offset = 0 coincide with maximum power delivery. While ignition offset increasing, power delivery does not increase or decrease before a limit area called detonation.
TL n°3 ETV / Engine Brake Control : Generality The most useful function of ETV is the Engine Brake control. Through engine revolution and the gears, rider can adapt the engine brake to his riding style. This function is easy and simple to adjust through Comp. ETV table. Kit ECU is delivered with an offset of 0 (same as production machine). To reduce engine brake, the value in this table should be increased.
TL n°3 ETV / Engine Brake Control : Setting Engine brake may disturb rider specially from 4 to 2nd and 1st gears. Usually, from 6 to 5th, engine revolution is still too high and does affect riding. The pick of engine brake occurs and is gradually increasing from 4th to 3rd and 2nd. In consequence, it is necessary to focus on this area as describe here after. Moreover, to avoid high engine idle when the bike is static, it is recommended to keep Zero in the first column.
TL n°3 Constant Parameters table : Pit Road Limiter The most important parameter on “Edit Const Table” is Pit Road Limiter. For safety reason, every tracks and championships fix a speed limit speed on pit lane. Before fitting Pit Road limiter, it is necessary to complete Gear Ratio parameters. This is really important to get the correct speed limit after calculation. Once gear parameter is complete, it is necessary to calculate the Speed Limit.
TL n°3 Pit Road Limiter : Calculation To calculate bike speed and more specially the engine revolution for the “Pit Road Limiter” parameter, a calculation table is proposed. The picture below is showing a presentation of this tool. This tool is attached to this TLn°3. Pit road limiter is only effective on 1st and 2nd gears. Depending of your secondary reduction ratio, the bike should be run on 1st or 2nd to adapt engine revolution to the situation.
TL n°3 Next month, Technical letter n°4 will tackle about Racing Wire Harness.
TL n°2 TECHNICAL LETTER N°2 Subject: YMS Yamaha Matching System “First approach : functions presentation”
TL n°2 Introduction YEC Kit ECU presented on the Technical Letter n°1 i s developed to communicate with a computer software called YMS : Yamaha Matching System. This software offer the possibility to adjust several parameters. This is particularly interesting to set up ECU to the engine specifications and to optimise engine performances with track conditions.
TL n°2 YMS Functions Communication to ECU with USB interface Injection MAP Ignition MAP ETV Control (Engine brake control) Shifter timing Pit road limiter Gear box ratio parameters Those functions allow to correct the internal ECU data. The internal ECU mapping is fixed by YEC, meanwhile Yamaha Matching System offer the possibility to apply an offset to the base data. By this way, it become easy and possible to combine perfectly ECU with bike specifications.
TL n°2 First step : select the base MAP As indicated in the previous Technical letter, ECU proposes two base mapping. Basically SBK/STK or SSP/STK (The choice is given by the engine specification and achieved by the position of a loop on a coupler => TL n°1) . Additionally, Yamaha Matching System controls two complementary MAP switchable from the handle bar (left side). The switch to select MAP 1 or MAP 2 is delivered with the kit wire harness set. MAP 1 et MAP 2 are usable on Fuel and Ignition MAP.
TL n°2 Select MAP coupler With loop STK MAP MAP 1 SS or SBK MAP MAP 2 MAP 1 MAP 2
TL n°2 Second step : connection and communication with ECU Computer is connected to the ECU through the Cable Interface (USB). The cable is connected to the kit wire harness on a coupler situated behind the dashboard.
TL n°2 Summary Shifter / Cut time Fuel MAP 1&2 Ignition MAP 1&2 ETV Control Constant parameters Write and read ECU
TL n°2 Shifter / Cut time The value placed by default in the ECU fit a basic kit bike. Basically, it is not necessary to change this parameter. Meanwhile, depending of rider experience, it may become necessary to change the value. CAUTION : If you need to change, modify the value by small steps (5ms maximum) to avoid any damage on gears.
TL n°2 Fuel Map 1 & 2 Kit wire harness offers the possibility to use either standard Dimmer switch or dedicated switch to select the MAP.
TL n°2 Setting Fuel Map 1 & 2 To adjust correctly the Fuel MAP, we recommend to combine kit wire harness with a data acquisition system. By this way it become possible to adjust correctly the Air / Fuel ratio. For both bike R1 and R6, A/F target should be around : • A/F target on opening throttle between 12 & 12.5 • A/F target on full gas between 12.8 AND 13.3 If you don’t use MAP1 & MAP2 function, you should set both MAP with same values in order to avoid any malfunction in switching error.
TL n°2 To set up A/F ratio in the best conditions, It is necessary to add a data logging system on the bike A coupler (4 pins) is available on the kit Wire Harness to get information from the bike : - Throttle position - Engine revolution - Water temperature - Gearbox speed sensor Two pins : data logger power supply
TL n°2 Ignition Map 1 & 2 YMS file deliver in 2009 two Ignition MAP for R1 and one for R6. The standard data « 0 » in YMS file is provided for a basic kit bike STK, SS or SBK.
TL n°2 ETV (Electric Throttle Valve ) Control Both models R1and R6 present a different ETV control. R6 (2009) kit propose Comp ETV / Acceleration and Comp ETV / Engine Brake. While R1 (2009) using compensate ETV / Engine Brake (the most useful).
TL n°2 ETV / Acceleration control This function manages acceleration area. With negative values as mentioned below, the engine character can be soften. This table can be used when the engine is “aggressive” on opening throttle and on acceleration area.
TL n°2 ETV / Engine Brake Control The most useful function of ETV is the Engine Brake control. Through the revolution and the gears, rider can adapt the bike to his riding style.
TL n°2 Constant Parameters table Register Assembly A table of Constant Parameters “Edit Const” is used in YMS to set up several parameters such as pit road limiter; shifter type, gear box ratio, Variable Intake, … Those parameters should be fill in properly in order to have a kit system working in the best conditions. Fuel offset on all area Set the shifter type and adjust voltage level For a SW, set 2.5volts Nota: when using left handle switch shifter, the Register Assembly cable should be plugged in.
TL n°2 Constant Parameters table In case of incorrect gear ratio, it may be possible that the quick shifter will not work properly as the system can not recognise the gear position. The gear ratios are available in kit manual book.
TL n°2 Constant Parameters table Pit road Limiter is available in Edit constant table. This function work with a dedicated switch and operate on first and second gears. To determine properly the pit road limiter, we suggest you to refer to FI Matching system Manual.
TL n°2 Write and Read in the Kit ECU Write data from the computer to the ECU (connect computer to the bike and switch on) Read data from ECU (connect computer to the bike and switch on)
TL n°2 YMS file and ECU reference YMS data file work with same generation of ECU. Don’t mix them to avoid any dysfunction. Year / Model R1 ECU ref. number Year / Model R6 ECU ref.
TL n°2 Next month, the Technical letter n°3 will tackle about some met hods to set up ECU MAP and parameters with Yamaha Matching System software.
