LM-2 Digital Air/Fuel Ratio Meter User Manual Note: This manual assumes that firmware version 1.10 or later is installed on your LM-2 Warning! The Oxygen Sensor used in this device gets very hot in operation. Do not touch the hot sensor. Do not let a hot sensor touch a combustible surface. Do not use the sensor with or near flammable liquids or gases. Failure to heed these warnings may result in severe burns, explosions or fires.
TABLE OF CONTENT 1 LM-2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Main Screen ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Status Bar ........................................................................................................................................ 5 1.
1 LM-2 The LM-2 is a single or dual channel wideband controller with a built-in OBD II scan tool, RPM input, four analog inputs, MTS serial I/O, SD memory card recording and two analog outputs per wideband channel. The following screens will help you get familiar with the unit. Front LCD Display Mode Button Press once to cycle through channel display screens. Press and hold to enter menu. Up Arrow Scroll through available channels. Move through menu Enter Accept an entry in the menu screen.
Top SD Memory Card Slot USB Connector Bottom Sensor Input # 2 (Enabled with the Dual Channel version) Analog Cable Sensor Input # 1 Power OBD-II Connector 4 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
1.1 Main Screen There are 5 different screen view options. These can be cycled by pressing the Mode button. One Channel Two Channels Four Channels One Channel Line Graph One Channel Fill Graph 1.2 Status Bar The bottom edge of the screen is the status bar and will look something like this: The left most portion is the current time (which can be set via menu and is set automatically by LM Programmer). 5 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
During Recording, an upper case ‘R’ and a counter will display on the lower left: Counting minutes and seconds of recording. Similarly, during playback a upper case ‘P’ and a counter will display: Counting elapsed time during playback. Note: If Recording does not start (see later section), also look here, the word “Card?” will appear if no SD card is detected when Record is selected.
connector. Last, “H” indicates that the unit is the MTS head unit. If the unit is not head this indicator will appear as a “-“ 1.3 Configuration Menu Screen To enter the Configuration Menu Screen press and hold the Mode button. Navigating the Menu: “Enter” Accepts “Cancel” Returns one menu level “Mode” Returns to Main Screen Arrows adjust selection or value “Record” has no effect When “Mode” is first pressed, the following choices appear: • • • • • • • • Display AFR or Lambda.
1.4 Recording To start a record session press the Record button. The LM-2’s display will then inverse and the status bar will display an upper case ‘R’ and a counter on the lower left hand corner of the screen. To stop the record session press the Record button a second time. Note: Loss of power while the LM-2 is recording will lose all data from the current session being recorded. When recording is first activated, a file is created. The naming convention is: mmddyyXX.
Note: While the session is being played back you can pres the Menu button to cycle through the different display screens and you may also press the Arrow buttons to change the displayed channels. 6. To stop the playback you may press the Cancel button at any time or allow the playback to run it’s course. 9 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
2 Air/Fuel Ratio Setup Innovate Motorsports’ ‘Direct Digital’ wideband measurement principal allows you to calibrate the sensor to compensate for sensor wear. This procedure takes no more than a couple seconds and it will insure the most accurate readings throughout the oxygen sensor’s life. 2.1 Sensor Calibration The calibration procedure requires that the oxygen sensor be in free air, not in the exhaust. 1.
The LM-2 must be powered by the cigarette adapter (12 volts) in order to properly heat the Oxygen sensor and measure Air/Fuel. If the unit is only to be used connected to the OBDII port it will properly function as a scan tool. 2.2 Sensor Placement Using a bung is the preferred method for mounting the O2 sensor for both catalytic and non-catalytic cars.
Do NOT install the Bung below the 3 o'clock or 9 o'clock position. Condensation can form in the exhaust pipe and permanently damage the sensor. 6 o’clock is the absolute worst position to mount the sensor. Wide band oxygen sensors, like the one shipped with the LM-2, are designed to work with unleaded gasoline. Use with leaded gasoline will significantly reduce the lifespan of the sensor. The reduction is directly proportional to the metal content of the fuel and the tune of the engine.
2.
3 Software (LogWorks 3 and LM Programmer) It is important to install the provided software on the computer prior to connecting the LM-2. Failure to do so may lead to connection complications. 3.1 Installing software and Connecting the LM-2 to computer 1. Install the CD that came with your LM-2 in your personal computer. 2. The installer will automatically start, follow the prompts to install the software. 3. Connect one end of the USB cable to the LM-2 and the other end to your computer. 4.
6. Select “Install the Device Automatically” and click Next. 7. A progress screen will appear. During this installation process the screen below will pop up. Click “Continue Anyway.” 8. The last screen will inform you that the unit has been successfully installed. Click “Finish.” The unit is installed and ready to use. 3.2 Updating Firmware 1. Connect the LM-2 to your computer with the provided USB cable. 2. Power up the LM-2. 3. Launch LM Programmer.
6. Select the firmware file with the dld extension. 7. The software will now prompt you to put the LM-2 in “Boot Mode.” In order to accomplish this you must power the unit off. Next, while pressing the Mode button on the LM-2, power the unit back ON. The LM-2’s display will show that it is now in “Boot Mode.” Press the OK button on the software to start the firmware reflash. 8. Do not disconnect the unit from the computer until the firmware progress screen completely disappears.
4. A window will pop up which will allow you to select the desired log from the memory card. Click Open. 17 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
4 OBD-II The LM-2 allows you to read up to 16 channels of “OBD-II” (“On Board Diagnostic) information directly from your vehicle’s engine control unit (ECU). A log file can be recorded on the included SD card, and played back on a personal computer using Innovate’s LogWorks software (included with the LM-2) or other 3rd party MTScompatible applications. 4.1 Locate the OBD-II Connector in your vehicle This is typically the most dangerous aspect of LM-2 installation.
4.2 Selecting Channels on the LM-2 1. Press and hold the Mode button to go into the Configuration Menu Screen. Select OBD-II and press the Enter button. 2. Select Configure OBD-II. 3. You will now be given the option to select a particular OBD II protocol or you can leave it on ‘Automatic’ which will scan all available protocol until it connects. Press Enter. 4. Select the number of OBD II channels to read (A maximum of 16 channels can be selected).
4.3 Selecting Channels with the LM Programmer software 1. Connect the LM-2 to your computer with the provided USB cable. 2. Power up the LM-2. 3. The LM Programmer application can be launched from Start->Programs>LogWorks3->LM Programmer from the Windows task bar. A small dialog box will appear indicating that the program is looking for connected Innovate Devices, then the main dialog should appear. 4. The Inputs tab allows you to set the number of MTS channels to generate. 5. Click the Inputs tab.
4.4 OBD-II Channel Speed The first is a log trace of one channel (RPM) from a 2001 Lexus: Notice that the data appears ‘steppy’ and, based on the timeline, appears to be updating about 6 times per second. Next we have a log trace of 16 channels (RPM, MAF, MAP, TP, you name it) from a 2006 Saturn: 21 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
Even if we zoom in to a closer time scale, the data is quite smooth. Performance is controlled by two things: • • The Connection Speed ECU Responsiveness The Lexus in the first example is using ISO 9141 and 10.4K bits per second. The Saturn is using ISO 15765 (CAN) at 500K bits per second. So it is easy to understand the difference in performance. However, the responsiveness of the ECU also can be a significant factor. Consider this log from a 2006 Pontiac GTO: 22 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
Like the Saturn, it is connected using 500K bit CAN, but we can begin to see some ‘steppiness’ in the RPM channel with only 8 channels being collected. In addition, some values, like the Calculated Load are courser still. Presumably because the ECU itself is only calculating them a few times per second. With this in mind, it is probably best to assign channels only a few at a time and then select “Program”.
Since it is often a battle getting an ECU to deliver data fast enough, it is reasonable to ask why one would lower the priority of a channel? The simple answer is, some ECU values just do not change very fast. So, reading those values less often means that values that do change quickly can be read more often. To understand how this works let’s take a look at how the LM-2 normally reads values: As we can see from the diagram on the right, values are read from the ECU one after another, in a loop.
With our racetrack shaped diagram fresh in mind, let’s look at Low Priority inputs in practice. In this example the vehicle can provide four LM-2 channels that update at full MTS rates. Even four channels are still very usable.
But not all channels change quickly and we are more concerned with some channels than others. For example, let’s say we are primarily concerned with RPM, SPARKADV, and FUEL1_OL. We’d like VSS, IAT, ECT, MAF, and MAP but we do not care if they update slowly. So, we can mark those channels as low priority: 26 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
Now, when we log the data, RPM, SPARKADV, and FUEL1_OL, look like our original four channel log: This extra resolution comes at the expense of our Low Priority inputs. These channels all share the ECU ‘bandwidth’ once used by VSS alone. But, this lets us have high resolution critical data combined with lower priority, lower resolution data in the same log. 4.6 Check Vehicle Trouble Codes on the LM-2 1.
2. Select OBD-II and press the Enter button. 3. Select Clear DTC Codes and press the Enter button. 4.8 Check and Clear Vehicle Trouble Codes with LM Programmer 1. Connect the LM-2 to the vehicle via the OBD II connector. 2. Power up the LM-2. 3. The LM Programmer application can be launched from Start->Programs>LogWorks3->LM Programmer from the Windows task bar. A small dialog box will appear indicating that the program is looking for connected Innovate Devices, then the main dialog should appear. 4.
4.9 OBD II Basics OBD stands for “On Board Diagnostics”. It represents a collection of industry and legislative standards for getting basic diagnostic information from passenger vehicles sold in the US since Model Year 1996. The “II” means that this is the second attempt at standardizing across all makes and models.
(ISO 15765 standard or extended) but that still leaves about 12 years of ‘compromise’ vehicles. Fortunately the LM-2 can take care of most of this complexity automatically. So, from a user’s point of view OBD-II can primarily be considered on the basis of what is consistent and standard, namely: • • The Connector The Information Provided OBD-II information comes in two basic flavors, “PIDs” and “DTCs”.
5 Analog Cable The provided analog cable has 14 stripped ends. The wire assignments are as follows: Analog Out 1 + (Lime Green) Analog Out 2 + (Brown/White) Analog Out 1 – (Yellow) Analog Out 2 – (Dark green) Analog In 1 + (Purple) Analog In 1 – (Black) Analog In 2 + (Grey) Analog In 2 – (Brown) Analog In 3 + (White) Analog In 3 – (Red) Analog In 4 + (Peach) Analog In 4 – (Orange) RPM + (Black/White) RPM – (Blue) 5.1 RPM Input The LM-2 has a direct tach signal input signal.
Cylinder number and RPM calibrate number 4 Cyl engine Number 4-Stroke Calibrate Comment of pulses/CrankNumber Cylinders Rotation 1 1/2 1 Use also when using inductive clamp on spark wire or power wire of COP system of 1 cylinder only for all cylinder numbers 2 1 2 Use also when using inductive clamp on spark wire or power wire of Waste spark coil of 1 cylinder only. Waste spark system: 1 coil for every 2 cylinders.
5.2 Analog Inputs The LM-2 has 4 analog inputs for external 0-5V sensors. Each input has a corresponding positive lead (+) for the signal and a negative lead (–) for the ground signal source. It is important to wire both of these leads to get accurate measurements. 5.2.1 Enable/Disable Analog Inputs 1. Press and hold the Mode button to go into the Configuration Menu Screen. 2. Select Analog Inputs and press the Enter button. 3. You will not have the option to Enable/Disable the Analog Inputs. 5.2.
5.3 Analog Outputs 5.3.1 Programming the analog outputs 1. Connect the LM-2 to your computer with the provided USB cable. 2. Power up the LM-2. 3. Launch LM Programmer. The LM Programmer application can be launched from Start->Programs->LogWorks3->LM Programmer from the Windows task bar. 4. Select one of the Analog output tabs. The Analog output page looks like this: This shows the analog output voltages versus Lambda for one of the two analog outputs.
Note for Dual A/F channel units: You can program each analog output to represent the data from sensor 1 or 2 by selecting the appropriate radio box. Factory Programmed Defaults: Single Channel A/F units: Analog Output 1 is programmed to output between 0 V for an AFR of 7.35 (gasoline) and 5.0V for an AFR of 22.39. Analog Output 2 simulates a typical narrow band oxygen sensor. The configuration is 1.1 V for an AFR of 14 and .1 V for an AFR of 15.
5.3.3 Wiring Analog Outputs The analog outputs on the LM-2 are differential. As with the analog inputs, the negative lead (-) must be connected to ground for the readings to be accurate. Below are the three different ways the analog outputs of the LM-2 can be wired. If you are unsure whether your analog input is differential or not you may wire the analog output as shown in diagram 1. 36 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
6 Tips, Tricks, & Troubleshooting 6.1 Air/Fuel and Lambda The Stoichiometric AFR value is the AFR multiplier. So for (standard, unblended) gasoline its 14.7. If you set it to 14.7 the LM-2 display will show 14.7 AFR for Lambda 1.0. If you set it to 6.4 (methanol) the LM-2 will show 6.4 AFR for Lambda 1.0. You can look at Lambda as the percent of richness. If running Lambda 0.85 (12.5 AFR for gasoline) you are running 15% rich. For methanol 15% rich means 5.44 AFR. That's where the value of Lambda comes in.
6.2 General measurement requirements The LM-2 measures the air-fuel-ratio by measuring the amount of oxygen in the exhaust (for lean conditions) or the amount of unburned or partially burned fuel (for rich conditions). You should correct for the following in order to get optimum results from the LM-2 1) An exhaust leak will allow oxygen to enter the exhaust stream and therefore will measure leaner than the engine is actually running.
6.6 Sensor Timing Errors These errors are typically encountered when the sensor does not have outside air available as reference gas. If you encounter this error, restart the LM-2 and operate the sensor in free air (remove from exhaust.) If you still encounter this error, the sensor may be bad and needs to be replaced. Replacement sensors are available from your nearest VW dealer under the VW partnumber 021-906-262-B or direct from Innovate Motorsports (part number 3737.
To connect the LM-2 to the EFI-computer, first determine what kind of narrow band sensor is used, then follow the instructions below (you will need a digital multimeter to determine correct OEM sensor wires): a. Vehicle has a 1-wire sensor: Wire analog output 1 directly to the wire. b. Vehicle has a 2-wire sensor: While the engine is off determine which of the 2 wires has a low resistance between the wire and the sensor body. This is the heater power for the sensor.
6.8 Attenuating a Tach Signal The problem of an erratic tach signal happens if there is a lot of ringing at high voltages. To counteract this, it is sometimes necessary to attenuate the tach signal by about 30dB or so. This is accomplished with a 20k or 50k variable potentiometer which can be purchased at Radio Shack or any electronics store. Wiring 1. Connect the tach signal to terminal A. 2. Connect terminal B to the tach signal input of the LM-2’s analog cable which is the Black wire with a White stripe.
Appendix A: Specifications Power Power requirements Single Channel 8-14 Volt / 2 A (max, 1 A nominal) Dual Channel 8-14 Volt / 4 A (max, 2 A nominal) Serial Communication Serial Port Speed Packet/Logging Speed Sample Resolution 19.2 kbit/sec 81.92 msec/sample packet 10 bits (0..5V at 0.
Appendix B: Limited Warranty LIMITED WARRANTY Innovate stands behind the quality of its products. Innovate makes the following warranty to purchasers of its products: All new Innovate products carry a six-month warranty from the date of purchase. If proof of purchase cannot be provided, warranty will be determined by date of manufacture.
Appendix C: Connectors 1. Sensor 1 (2 optional) Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Use IPUMP+ SENSE/PUMPSHTR VBAT SENSE+ SHIELD GND SHTR VBAT Tip: Sensor 1 is near the back of the unit and marked with a circled “1” 2. OBD-II Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Use GND VBAT J1850+ J1850ISO K ISO L CAN-H CAN-L Alt-CAN-H Alt-CAN-L Notes: The “Alt CAN” Buss is for instrument monitoring and is not connected to the J1962 connector in the standard Innovate Cable. Also, the unit can be powered via this connector for basic operation.
11 12 13 14 Analog In 4 + Analog Out 1 + Analog Out 2 + RPM + Peach Lime Green Brown/White Black/White Note: All these inputs and outputs are “differential”. That is, the negative inputs must be connected to ground. 4. Serial Out Pin 1 2 3 4 Use RX TX GND GND 5. Serial In Pin 1 2 3 4 Use TX RX GND *MTS Sense 6. Inductive Clamp Pin 1 2 Use Coil + Coil – 7. USB Pin 1 2 3 4 5 Use NC DD+ NC GND 8. Power Pin 1,3 2,4 45 Use GND VBAT Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
Appendix D: Supported PIDs 46 Name – Description Units Min. Max "RPM - Engine RPM", "TP - Throttle Position(abs)", "%", "LOAD_PCT - Engine Load(calc)", "SPARKADV - Timing Advance(cyl1)", "MAF - Mass Air Flow", "MAP - Manifold Abs.
"SHRTFT32 - O2 Fuel Trim 3-2", "%", "O2S41 - O2 Sensor(NB) 4-1", "Volts", "SHRTFT41 - O2 Fuel Trim 4-1", "%", "O2S42 - O2 Sensor(NB) 4-2", "Volts", "SHRTFT42 - O2 Fuel Trim 4-2", "%", "EQ_RAT11 - WideO2 Equiv-Ratio 1-1", "lambda", 0.0, "WO2S11 - WideO2 Voltage 1-1", "Volts", 0.0, "EQ_RAT12 - WideO2 Equiv-Ratio 1-2", "lambda", 0.0, "WO2S12 - WideO2 Voltage 1-2", "Volts", 0.0, "EQ_RAT21 - WideO2 Equiv-Ratio 2-1", "lambda", 0.0, "WO2S21 - WideO2 Voltage 2-1", "Volts", 0.0, Name – Description Units -100.0, 0.
Appendix E: Error Codes and Troubleshooting Tips Error Code Error 1 Error Message Likely Root Cause Fix Heater circuit shorted Heater circuit open 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. Short in cable Short in sensor Damaged sensor cable. Cable connector not fully seated Sensor Damaged Error 3 Pump cell circuit shorted 1. 2. 3. 4. Short in sensor cable Short in sensor Sensor overheating EGT >1700º F Error 4 Pump cell circuit open 1. Damaged sensor cable. 2. Cable connector not fully seated 3. Sensor Damaged 1.
Appendix F: Kit Contents 1. USB Cable (P/N 3813) 2. LM-2 3. Bung and Plug** (P/N 3735) 4. O2 Sensor** (P/N 3737) 5. SD memory Card 6. Software CD 7. Sensor Cable** (P/N 3810) 8. OBD-II Cable (P/N 3809) 9. Analog Cable (P/N 3811) 10. Cigarette Power Cable (P/N 3808) 11. Carry Case ** Kit P/N 3807 will contain two of these items. 49 Document # 31-0008 LM2_Manual_1.3.
12. Revision History 1.0 6/23/2008 Initial Release 1.1 7/10/08 Added RPM setup and LM Programmer configuration screens. 1.2 8/27/08 Added sections 6.8 (Attenuating a Tach Signal), 1.5 (Playback), 6.9 (OBD II connection diagnostic trace), and 3.3 (Downloading Logs from Memory Card). Added references for Inverse screen display in sections 1.3 and 1.4. 1.3 9/22/08 Added Appendix F (Kits Contents), added calibration note to chapter 3.2, and added confirmation step to chapter 2.1.
