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8 CHAPTER 1
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WHAT IS POWERSHELL, AND WHY DO YOU NEED IT?
One of the new features in PowerShell 2.0 that allows IT administrators
throughout the world to use PowerShell more easily is called inte r nationa liz a-
tion. Internationalization enables PowerShell scripts to display messages in the
language specified by the UI language setting on the user’s computer. Under
the hood, this features queries the operating system of the user to determine
what language is being used. This lets PowerShell display the appropriate
language.
Microso added more than 50 cmdlets for the core PowerShell sessions.
Although those new cmdlets are important, Microso also addressed many of
the server roles on Windows Server that did not have native PowerShell cmdlets
in PowerShell 1.0. One of the key roles on Windows Server 2008 R2 that got new
cmdlets was Active Directory (AD). Managing AD with PowerShell 1.0 was a
challenge.  ere were no built-in cmdlets, so you had to know how to work with
LDAP in script. Chapter 8 takes a look at the new PowerShell cmdlets you can use
to manage your AD environment. Chapter 8 will also show you a couple of new
features — Recycle Bin and managed service accounts — you can manage only in
PowerShell.
PowerShell in the Enterprise
PowerShell 2.0 provides several new capabilities to make the tool more enterprise-
friendly. For example, running PowerShell commands on remote computers in
PowerShell 1.0 was not built in. A lot of administrators started remote desktop
sessions to run PowerShell commands.  is was one of the challenges that was
addressed in PowerShell 2.0.
Remoting uses the WS-Management protocol and the Windows Remote
Management (WinRM) service that implements WS-Management in Windows.
 is protocol is a standard-based,  rewall-compatible communications proto-
col. Chapter 6 covers remoting and shows you how to con gure and work with
PowerShell remoting.
Key to working with remoting is another new concept in PowerShell 2.0 called
sessions. A session is the environment where you run PowerShell commands. Every
time you start PowerShell, a new session is created. You can even create a new
session in your existing session for a local or remote computer.
 e session cmdlet uses a parameter called
ComputerName .  is allows you to
specify the remote computer you want to start the PowerShell session on. For
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