033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 3 1 C H A P T E R Learning the Illustrator Interface N ot too long ago, commercial artists and illustrators worked by hand, not on computers. It might seem hard to believe, but they spent hours and hours with T-squares, rulers, French curves, and type galleys from their local typesetters.
033658-3 ch01.F 4 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 4 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics wince at a new word processing document with the lone insertion point blinking away. So, Picasso decides he’ll “play” with the software before designing anything “for real.” He chooses the rectangle tool first, clicks, drags, and voilà! A rectangle appears on the screen! His confidence soars. He may try the other shape tools next, but sooner or later Picasso starts playing with some of the software’s other features.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 5 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Who’s the Model on the Adobe Illustrator Box? The woman that adorns the Adobe Illustrator box is Venus, goddess of love, from Sandro Bottecelli’s Birth of Venus painting. A portion of the painting, shown in the following figure, appears as the program is installed, when Illustrator launches, and in the Help ➪ About Illustrator dialog box. It is also included at the top of the Toolbox in case you get lonely.
033658-3 ch01.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 7 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface ✦ Status Bar: Along the lower left edge of the window is an area that displays information about the current state of the selected tool. Menus Toolbox Status bar Palettes Document window Figure 1-1: Illustrator includes many different user interface elements. Working in the Document Window The document window is where you perform all your work. It contains two main elements: the artboard and the page.
033658-3 ch01.F 8 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 8 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Page Artboard Figure 1-2: The document window contains the page, surrounded by the artboard. Illustrator windows act like windows in most other programs. You use the title bar at the top of the window to move the window around your screen. On the title bar is the name of the document. If you have not yet saved your document, the name of the document is Untitled-1, with the number changing for each new document you create.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 9 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface the document window to its former size and position. In OS X, the document will change to an icon in the dock. In OS 9, the document will rollup until only the title bar is displayed. The Maximize button in Windows will open the document window to the largest size that will fit in the application window. For Macs, the Zoom button will toggle the between its current size and the screen’s maximum size.
033658-3 ch01.F 10 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 10 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics The artboard The artboard is displayed in Illustrator using solid black lines and identifies the maximum printable area. This area can be different than the actual printed page, which is displayed as dotted lines. For example, you could have the page size set to letter-sized and the artboard set to a smaller section in the center of the page. When printing this document, only the art contained within the artboard will be printed.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 11 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface This discussion assumes, of course, that you have actually drawn artwork on the defined page. We used to get frantic calls from people who would choose Fit in Window, resulting in the immediate disappearance of all their artwork. It took us a while to figure out that they had drawn their artwork way off on the side of the pasteboard.
033658-3 ch01.
033658-3 ch01.
033658-3 ch01.F 14 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 14 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Figure 1-6: A free-floating palette of tearout tools Tooltips If you ever forget what a specific tool looks like or have trouble finding it, you simply need to stop and think about it for a second and maybe, just maybe, the answer will pop into your mind. Or it will pop onto the screen. Tooltips are pop-up text that appears next to the cursor if you leave it over the top of an interface element.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 15 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Minimize/maximize toggle Palette tab Close Figure 1-7: The Navigator palette Occasionally, a manual resize box (which looks like three diagonal lines) appears in the lower-right corner for changing the palette’s size. Any palette that has this resize box can be resized by dragging on the palette’s edges or corners. Tip For some palettes, a double arrow icon appears to the left of the title name.
033658-3 ch01.F 16 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 16 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Figure 1-8: Several palettes have been tabbed together Figure 1-9: A set of palettes that have been docked together Showing and hiding palettes The palettes are only helpful if you can access them and the Windows menu can be used to show or hide all the various palettes available in Illustrator.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 17 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface ASK TOULOUSE: Moving Palettes Kramer: When I start Illustrator, these tiny windows are everywhere. Toulouse: Those are palettes. Kramer: But I thought palettes are boards with daubs of paint of them. Toulouse: Some Illustrator palettes hold colors, patterns and even styles. Kramer: Oh, I’ve got plenty of style. Toulouse: I’m sure you do. Kramer: But, these palettes get in the way of my drawing space.
033658-3 ch01.F 18 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 18 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics ✦ Document Info palette: The Document Info palette shows information about the current document such as its name, Color Profile and dimensions. ✦ Gradient palette (F9): The Gradient palette is used to modify gradient color and spacing. The Gradient palette also appears automatically when the Gradient tool is double-clicked. ✦ Info palette (F8): The Info palette shows information about the current selection.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 19 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface ✦ Type ➪ Tab Ruler palette (Ctrl + Shift + T): The Type ➪ Tab Ruler palette can be used to set tab breaks. ✦ Variables palette: The Variable palette includes an interface for defining data variables for data driven graphics. Using Illustrator’s menus Menus are one of the most common interface elements for all software packages.
033658-3 ch01.F 20 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 20 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Tips for Using Menus Effectively If you can never remember what is on which menu and you are constantly holding down the mouse button while slowly running along the menu bar, reading every menu item and looking for a certain command, you have a disease.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 21 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Figure 1-10: The palette menu offers additional options Context-sensitive menus Illustrator provides context-sensitive menus that appear right under your cursor as you’re working. Control+click [right-click] with a cursor anywhere in the document window, and a context-sensitive menu appears. These menus contain commands that relate to the type of work you’re doing and the specific tool you have.
033658-3 ch01.F 22 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 22 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Typing keyboard commands Keyboard commands are shortcuts for common activities that you perform in Illustrator. These shortcuts typically use the Ô [Ctrl] key in combination with other keys. Many of the Illustrator menu items have keyboard shortcuts listed next to their names. Pressing the key combination does the same thing as choosing that menu item from the menu.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 23 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Mousing Around in Illustrator Illustrator requires the use of a mouse for selecting items, pulling down menus, moving objects, and clicking buttons. Learning to use the mouse efficiently requires patience, practice, and persistence. In most programs, you can master using the mouse quickly, but using the mouse with Illustrator’s Pen tool can be difficult at first.
033658-3 ch01.F 24 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 24 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Who’s zoomin’ who? The most basic navigational concept in Illustrator is the ability to zoom to different magnification levels. Illustrator’s magnification levels work like a magnifying glass. In the real world, you use a magnifying glass to see details that aren’t readily visible without it. In the Illustrator world, you use the different magnification levels to see details that aren’t readily visible at the 100-percent view.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 25 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface designing for the Web, 100 percent works correctly (the result will be at 100 percent as well), because the Save for Web feature automatically converts images to 72 ppi (the “standard” screen resolution for cross-platform viewing). In Photoshop, 100-percent view is different from Illustrator. In Photoshop, each pixel onscreen is equal to one pixel in the image.
033658-3 ch01.F 26 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 26 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics If you need to zoom in to see a specific area in the document window, use the Zoom tool to draw a marquee (by clicking and dragging diagonally) around the objects that you want to magnify. The area thus will magnify as much as possible so that everything inside the box just fits in the window that you have open, as shown in Figure 1-13.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 27 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Even though Illustrator can zoom to any level, 17 default zoom levels are used when the Zoom tool is clicked, or when the Zoom In and Zoom Out menu items (or their respective keyboard commands) are accessed. Table 1-1 lists each of the default Zoom In and Zoom Out default levels. Table 1-1 Zoom In and Zoom Out Default Levels Zoom Out Ratio Zoom In Ratio 100% 1:1 100% 1:1 66.
033658-3 ch01.F 28 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 28 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics the page) fits in the window and is centered in it. One way to automatically change to the Fit in Window view is to choose View ➪ Fit in Window ( ➪ cmd[Ctrl]+0). Another way is to double-click the Hand tool slot. Tip You can quickly go to 3.13 percent by Command [Ctrl]+double-clicking the Zoom tool slot in the toolbox.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 29 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Zooming with the Navigator palette Of course, being able to zoom in very closely to your artwork does have a pitfall: The more you zoom in on an illustration, the less of that illustration you see at one time. The Navigator palette (shown in Figure 1-15) helps you out by letting you see the entire illustration as well as the portion you’re zoomed into (indicated by a red viewing rectangle).
033658-3 ch01.F 30 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 30 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics you can use one of two different scrolling techniques to move around inside the document. The scroll bar on the right side of the document window controls where you are vertically in the document. Clicking the up arrow displays what is above the window’s boundaries by pushing everything in the window down in little increments.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 31 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface To use the Hand tool, select it from the Hand tool slot in the toolbox. Tip To quickly access the Hand tool, press H, or press and hold the spacebar. Clicking and dragging the page moves the document around inside the document window while the spacebar is held down. If you release the spacebar, then you return to the previous tool. This works for all tools, but the Type tool works a little differently.
033658-3 ch01.F 32 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 32 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Opening a new window So now you’ve learned how to zoom and pan around the document window, so you probably have many different sections of your artwork that you want to focus on. Illustrator will let you create a number of windows for the current artwork using the Window ➪ New Window option. This option will create a new window that is the same size as the current window.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 33 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Figure 1-16: Artwork shown in both Outline mode (left) and Preview mode (right) Outline mode To change the current document to Outline mode, choose View ➪ Outline. If you are already in Outline mode, the view menu contains only an option to change to Preview mode. In Outline mode, the illustration disappears and is replaced onscreen by outlines of all the filled and stroked paths.
033658-3 ch01.F 34 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 34 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Working with a drawing in Outline mode can be significantly faster than working with it in Preview mode. In more complex drawings, the difference between Outline mode and Preview mode is significant; on very slow computers, working in Preview mode is next to impossible. Outline mode enables you to see every path that isn’t directly overlapping another path; in Preview mode, many paths can be hidden.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 35 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Instead of selecting a path by clicking it, you can select entire paths by clicking the insides of those paths in a filled area. It becomes a little more difficult to select certain points on paths, because the strokes on those paths are also visible. Sometimes so much stuff appears on your screen in Preview mode that you don’t know what to click.
033658-3 ch01.F 36 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 36 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Figure 1-17: This document is displayed in normal Preview mode (left) and using Pixel Preview mode (right). Combining Outline and Preview modes Using the Layers palette, you can easily combine Outline mode with either Preview or Preview Selection mode. You can force individual layers to display in Preview mode while other layers remain in Outline mode.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 37 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface custom views can also save that information. Custom views, however, do not record whether templates, rulers, page tiling, edges, or guides are shown or hidden. To create a new view, set up the document in the way that you would like to save the view. Then choose View ➪ New View and name the view in the New View dialog box, shown in Figure 1-18. Each new view name appears at the bottom of the View menu.
033658-3 ch01.F 38 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 38 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics Using screen modes So you’ve been working on an illustration for an important client (actually they all are important) and they scheduled an appointment to see your progress, but the best part of the work is hidden behind the palettes and the Toolbox. These can be easily turned off using the Window menu or you could use the F keyboard shortcut to switch between the different screen modes.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 39 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Word, for example, you should have no trouble using the same functions in Illustrator, because the menu options are located in the same place in each program. Using the Clear command The most simplistic Edit command is Clear, which in Illustrator works almost exactly like the Delete [Backspace] key on the keyboard. When something is selected, choosing Clear deletes, or gets rid of, what is selected.
033658-3 ch01.F 40 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 40 Part I ✦ Illustrator Basics type, or point type area must be selected with the Type tool. Paste is not available if nothing is in the clipboard. Note Illustrator also includes Paste in Front (Ô/Ctrl+F) and Paste in Back (Ô/Ctrl+B) options that can be used to control the position of the object being pasted relative to the other objects. Now, the really cool part: Just because you’ve pasted the object somewhere doesn’t mean it isn’t in the clipboard anymore.
033658-3 ch01.F 1/24/02 12:59 PM Page 41 Chapter 1 ✦ Learning the Illustrator Interface Choosing Undo from the Edit menu undoes the last activity that was performed on the document. Successive undos undo more and more activities, until the document is at the point where it was opened or created or you have run out of memory. The default minimum number of remembered undos is five.