04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 23 1 C H A P T E R An Introduction to Maya ✦ ✦ ✦ ✦ In This Chapter W hat is Maya? Where did it come from? Where is it going? What is it used for? And who is using it? These basic questions, and many more, are addressed in this introductory chapter. What Is Maya? Maya is a 3D modeling animation and rendering software package, used by artists to make 3D models and animations.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 24 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 24 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Figure 1-1: A 3D world with characters, animals, props, clothes, plants, and so on. This was shot by the iLumina project at Visual Book Productions. Some of the contributing artists are Shaun Comly, Phil Delacruz, Brent Hensarling, Jake Long, Nelson Saba, Adriano Silva, and Joe Spadaro. ©2003, Visual Book Productions, Inc.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 25 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya 3D modeling Perhaps, the best way to describe this function is 3D modeling clay, or creating 3D shapes. When you create a model in 3D, you use Maya’s toolset to define shapes or geometry, much as a sculptor in the real world uses a practical toolset. The three surface types, used to describe a shape in Maya 4.5, are polygons, NURBS, and subdivision surfaces.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 26 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 26 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 CrossReference For more on Maya’s game functions, see Chapter 5, “Polygon Modeling,” in addition to bonus Chapter 39, “Using Subdivision Surfaces,” and bonus Chapter 40, “Texturing Polygons and Subdivision Surfaces,” both of which you’ll find on the CD-ROM. 3D painting In Maya, 3D painting takes on many meanings.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 27 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Maya’s Roots Maya’s roots go as far back as the roots of 3D. It was a time when Alias and Wavefront, as separate companies, made up “two” of the “big three” leaders in 3D animation. The third leader was the company, Softimage, which was then purchased by Microsoft. Eventually, Silicon Graphics bought the two competing companies and pooled their years of tech savvy experience together, forming Alias|Wavefront.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 28 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 28 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Maya for Windows opened up a new world of possibilities for the every day animator. My own personal history serves as an example of the difficulties in working with costly 3D animation packages and equipment. When I started using 3D animation software, the price of a SGI workstation and 3D software started at well over $60,000. And according to a friend of Don’s, who started using Alias software at version 1.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 29 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Since then, as we all know, the price of computers has come down and the speed of desktop machines has increased dramatically, enabling software packages such as Maya to blossom and become accessible to beginning animators. A|W has also become very aggressive in pricing. It offers competitive discounts for those using other 3D applications, enabling them to get Maya for only a few thousand dollars.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 30 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 30 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Figure 1-3: Windows offered an affordable solution to the high cost of 3D animation. Here is an example of some multiple CPU rack-mounted Windows or Linux machines that can be used for rendering. Maya for the Macintosh At last! The long awaited release of Maya for Macintosh. Alias|Wavefront helped drive Apple computers to push their new UNIX-based operating system, OS X, and refine their use of open GL.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 31 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya I have always used a Mac alongside every SGI. The Mac is the place to do the “other stuff” such as paint, composite, typography, email, audio, and video — all the things Windows boxes offered without the 3D. But now, for the first time, Maya and Apple have brought these two digital worlds together. With the release of OS X, Macintosh has just entered the UNIX world.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 32 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 32 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Figure 1-4: The team at Visual Book Maya created this animation of the Birth of Jesus for the iLumina project. ©2003, Visual Book Productions, Inc. Painting a Moving Picture in a 3D World 3D is really about painting a picture on a moving wireframe surface. As a result, you have the freedom to create any image you intend, rather than simply replicating the real world.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 33 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya rather than replicating the real world. With that kind of studio philosophy found in many of today’s shops, your artistry counts as much as your wizardry. Throughout this book, we stress learning artistic concepts, philosophies, and so on, as well as learning the software. The computer is just another tool for you, as an artist, to express your ideas, creativity, design concepts, and animation skills.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 34 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 34 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 35 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya ✦ Art Design and Storyboarding: Start planning with a pencil — not with Maya. Skipping this stage to save time usually costs much more time, so start with a pencil. ✦ Sound Design: The soundtrack is a must for believable animation. Animating to a soundtrack is one of the best ways to begin creating a rough draft. The soundtrack is usually created and edited outside of Maya in audio software.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 36 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 36 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 ✦ Animation Motion: There are different ways to add motion. Keyframes are the most direct method to use, but you can also use motion capture, motion control camera information, expressions, and dynamics. A working knowledge of traditional animation helps here. ✦ Lighting and Rendering: At this stage, the computer figures out the appearance of 3D scenes, after calculating lights and shaders.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 37 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Table 1-1 Customer Learning Experience Feature Description User interface improvements These improvements include easy access to saved layouts, lasso tools, rotate tool snapping, align objects, selectable wireframe colors, automatic backup on save, progress bar, and new heads up display options. New instant Maya books Speeds the learning process through easy-tounderstand examples.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 38 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 38 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Table 1-2 (continued) Feature Improvement Description New Shelves Many new shelves have been added to provide collections of scripts for animation, modeling, dynamics fluids, fur, and so on. New Snap Tools From the main Maya menu, choose Modify ➪ Snap Align Objects ➪ Align Tool. From the main Maya menu choose, Modify Í Snap Align Objects Í Snap Together Tool.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 39 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Figure 1-6: Fluids add voxels, a new type of rendering that offers many benefits. ©2003, Visual Book Productions, Inc. Table 1-3 lists changes made to the Attribute Editor Window. Table 1-3 Attribute Editor Changes Feature Improvement Description Note Section As shown in Figure 1-10, this feature adds a notes attribute to keep track of user or project notes. Attribute Editor Presets This is bigger than it sounds.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 40 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 40 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Caution Node connections are not saved with the presets. Figure 1-7 shows the new notes section of the Attribute Editor.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 41 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Table 1-4 lists changes made to Marking Menus.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 42 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 42 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Table 1-5 (continued) Feature Improvement Description Mirror Joint Renaming option You now have new naming options in the Mirror Joint Tool. Orient and Aim Constraint Offset attributes You can now offset and keyframe orient and aim constraints. Time Snapping Default On Time snapping in the graph editor now defaults to On, instead of Off. New Marking Menus Shift+S LMB-drag.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 43 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Feature Improvement Description Poke Faces Poke Faces splits a polygon into separate faces that converge at the center of the previously existing selected polygons. Wedge Faces Wedge Faces extrudes a wedge that pivots on selected edges. Edit By Painting You can now apply many polygon tools with an Artisan brush. Smooth Proxy Smooth proxy enables you to bring subdivision type cage modeling to the polygon world.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 44 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 44 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Table 1-7 lists changes made to Dynamics features. Table 1-7 Dynamics Changes Feature Improvement Description Hinge Constraint Axis Rotation Hinge constraint type now has axis rotation. The old hinge constraint type was renamed to Directional Hinge. Particle shadow casting Particle shadow casting for point, multipoint, and sphere particle types. Table 1-8 lists changes made to Rendering features.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 45 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Figure 1-8 shows the new Ocean shaders.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 46 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 46 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Table 1-9 lists changes made to the Hypershade Window. Table 1-9 Hypershade Window Changes Feature Improvement Description Convert to File Texture background options When converting to file texture, you now have a few background options, which avoid some common issues associated with background edges. Add/Remove Node to Graph You can now select nodes and add or remove them from your existing Hypershade graph.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 47 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Table 1-11 lists changes made to Artisan features. Table 1-11 Artisan Changes Feature Improvement Description Paint Fluids tool (Unlimited only) Enables you to use Artisan to paint fluid property values into fluid containers. Paint Selection tool Paint selection tool now performs some polygon modeling functions. Table 1-12 lists changes made to Fur features.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 48 4/3/03 9:07 AM Page 48 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Menu changes The menu changes in Maya 4.5 include version parity for Mac OS X, which was previously at version 3.5. For this reason, some changes to menus from as far back as version 3 are listed here. If you are already familiar with some of the menu changes, you have less to learn. The following lists many of the new or changed menus in Maya 4.
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04 536451 ch01.qxd 50 4/3/03 9:08 AM Page 50 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Animation Menu The Animation menu appears next to your Main menu in the top menu bar the Animation mode is chosen. The Animation menu can be set to always appear in the Hotbox.
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04 536451 ch01.qxd 52 4/3/03 9:08 AM Page 52 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 4/3/03 9:08 AM Page 53 Chapter 1 ✦ An Introduction to Maya Figure 1-9: The new Fluid Effects menu under Dynamics Soft/Rigid Bodies ✦ Paint Soft Body Goal Weights Tool Pane menus There are as many different Pane menus as there kinds of Panes in Maya. Below is listed some new additions to 3D Pane Menus.
04 536451 ch01.qxd 54 4/3/03 9:08 AM Page 54 Part I ✦ Getting Started with Maya 4.5 Summary In this introductory chapter, we discussed the concepts behind Maya and its major functions in different professional settings. Maya is such a flexible application, capable of performing just about any computer function you desire. We encourage you to push the boundaries of Maya and create and define your own uses. We also touched briefly on Maya’s history and the new features in version 4.