User manual

Wide Bank 28 DS3 - Release 2.4 July 2004 Glossary-9
Glossary
Exchange Carrier
Standards
Association
ECSA. An organization that specifies telecommunications standards for ANSI.
Extended
Superframe
ESF. A North American format for DS1 rate signals at 1.544 Mbps that extends the
capability of the Superframe format to include a 4 Kbps facility data link channel by using
less of the 8 Kbps overhead for synchronization.
Failure A termination of the ability of an item to perform a required function. A failure is caused
by the persistence of a defect.
Far End Block Error FEBE. A message sent back upstream that receiving network element is detecting errors,
usually a coding violation.
Far End Receive
Failure
FERF. A signal to indicate to the transmit site that a failure has occurred at the receive site.
Far End SEF/AIS A Far End SEF/AIS defect (Yellow Alarm) is the occurrence of the two X-bits in a M-frame
set to zero. The Far End SEF/AIS defect is terminated when the two X-bits in a M-frame
are set to one.
Fixed Stuff A bit or byte whose function is reserved. Fixed stuff locations, sometimes called reserved
locations, do not carry overhead or payload.
Framing Method of distinguishing digital channels that have been multiplexed together.
Frequency The number of cycles of periodic activity that occur in a discrete amount of time.
Grooming Consolidating or segregating traffic for efficiency.
Interleave The ability of SONET to mix together and transport different types of input signals in an
efficient manner, thus allowing higher-transmission rates.
Internet Protocol IP. A network protocol providing connectionless service.
IP Address The IPv4 standard specifies a 32-bit internet address. This quantity is displayed as four
decimal digits, each with a decimal range of 0 to 255, separated by decimal periods.
Jitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, control system
instability, and so on.
Line An electrical path (two wires) connecting between a central office and a subscriber.
Line Errored
Seconds
LES. A Line Errored Second is a second in which one or more CVs occurred OR one or
more LOS defects.