User manual

Glossary-6 July 2004 Wide Bank 28 DS3 - Release 2.4
Glossary
Authorization Process whereby an access policy determines if an entity is permitted to perform an
operation.
Automatic
Protection Switching
APS. The ability of a network element to detect a failed working line and switch the service
to a spare (protection ) line. 1+1 APS pairs a protection line with each working line. 1:n
APS provides one protection line for every n working lines.
Bandwidth Information-carrying capacity of a communication channel expressed in bits or bytes per
second. Analog bandwidth is the range of signal frequencies that can be transmitted by a
communication channel or network.
Bidirectional Operating in both directions. Bidirectional APS allows protection switching to be initiated
by either end of the line.
Bipolar Violation BPV. A violation of the T1 bipolar AMI transmission pattern in which succeeding “ones”
(pluses) are sent at opposite polarities. A BPV normally indicates a transmission error.
However, B8ZS patterns contain bipolar violations, which are not counted as errors. For
B3ZS (or HDB3) coded signals, a bipolar violation error event is the occurrence of a pulse
of the same polarity as the previous pulse without being part of the zero substitution code.
For B3ZS (or HDB3) coded signals, a bipolar violation error event may also include other
error patterns such as three (four) or more consecutive zeros and incorrect polarity.
Bipolar with 3-Zero
Substitution
B3ZS. An AMI line code with the substitution of a unique code to replace occurrences of
three consecutive zero signal elements. Each block of three successive zeros is replaced by
00V or B0V, where B represents an inserted non-zero signal element conforming to the
AMI rule, and V represents a non-zero signal element that is a bipolar violation. The choice
of 00V or B0V is made so that the polarity of successive V elements alternatives to avoid
introducing a DC component to the signal. An equivalent specification is that the number
of B pulses between consecutive V pulses is odd.
Bipolar with 8-Zero
Substitution
B8ZS. A line coding scheme used to avoid long strings of zeros in a bipolar DS1 signal
entering the network from the DTE. Every string of eight zeros is replaced by a special code
(token) for transmission over networks that are sensitive to long strings of zeros. The code
contains a pattern of bipolar violations that is identified by the recipient and then removed
in the decoding process to recreate the original string of zeros.
Bit Error Rate BER. The number of coding violations detected in a unit of time, usually one second. BER
is the ratio of errored bits received to the total bits transmitted. Bits Per Second The
transmission rate for digital information.
Building Integrated
Timing Supply
BITS. A master timing supply for a network in a building or office. The BITS receives
timing from a source outside the building and provides DS1 and DS0 synchronization
throughout the building’s network.
C-bit Coding
Violation
CCV. For C-bit Parity and Syntran DS3 applications, this is the count of coding violations
reported via the C-bits. For C-bit Parity, it is a count of CP-bit parity errors occurring in the
accumulation interval. For SYNTRAN, it is a count of CRC-9 errors occurring in the
accumulation interval.