SDS

3
Section 4— Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
Flash point: NA Lower Explosive Limit: NA Upper Explosive Limit: NA
Extinguishing Media: Any class of extinguishing medium may be used on the batteries or their
packing material.
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Exposure to temperatures of above 212
o
F can cause evaporation
of the liquid content of the potassium hydroxide electrolyte resulting in the rupture of the cell.
Potential for exposure to cadmium fumes during fire; use self-contained breathing apparatus.
Section 5— Health Hazard Data
Threshold Limit Values: See Section Ⅱ
Effects of a Single (Acute) Overexposure:
Inhalation:
During normal use inhalation is an unlikely route of exposure due to containment of
hazardous materials within the battery case. However, should the batteries be exposed
to extreme heat or pressures causing a breach in the battery cell case, cadmium dusts
and fumes may be emitted. Inhalation of cadmium dusts or fumes may cause throat
dryness, respiratory irritation, headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, extreme
restlessness and irritability, pneumonitis, and bronchopneumonia. In the case of high
concentration exposures (e.g., above 1to 5 mg/m
3
during an eight hour period) death
may occur within several days after the exposure.
Ingestion:
If the battery case is breached in the digestive tract, the electrolyte may cause localized
burns. Ingestion of cadmium compounds may result in increased salivation, choking,
nausea, persistent vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia, tenesmus, and kidney
dysfunction.
Skin Absorption:
No evidence of adverse effects from available data.
Skin Contact:
Exposure to the electrolyte contained inside the battery may result in chemical burns.
Exposure to nickel may cause dermatitis in some sensitive individuals.
Eye Contact:
Exposure to the electrolyte contained inside the battery may result in severe irritation
And chemical burns.
Carcinogenicity:
Cadmium and nickel have been identified by the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
as reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens. U.S.EPA classified cadmium as a “B1”
probable human carcinogen. The International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) recommended that cadmium be listed as a “2A” probable human carcinogen,
and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)