V4.5 U/R/T200 series Operator Manual www.westermo.
V4.5 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... - 4 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 ABOUT WESTERMO ONTIME ............................................................................................ - 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 COMPANY HISTORY ..............................................................................................................- 5 MISSION STATEMENT .....................................................................
V4.5 8 RAPID SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL (RSTP) ............................................................... - 22 - 9 SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL (SNMP) ........................................ - 25 9.1 9.2 10 WESTERMO ONTIME PRIVATE MIB INFORMATION .............................................................- 26 SNMP TRAPS ......................................................................................................................- 27 IGMP SNOOPING .....................................
V4.5 1 Introduction This Operator Manual describes the properties of the T200, R200 and U200 series. 1.1 T200 The T200 is the time synchronization switch series of Westermo. The T200 series has also full management support including QoS, network redundancy either based on FRNT or RSTP/STP, SNMP, IGMP snooping, VLAN and MAC security. The switches are approved for industrial use. All chapters in this document are relevant for the T200 series. 1.
V4.5 2 About Westermo OnTime 2.1 Company History Westermo OnTime is dedicated to the implementation of industrial and deterministic Ethernet infrastructure. Westermo OnTime is a privately held company based in Norway. We work closely with a number of large automation companies; enhancing older proprietary networks and working in partnership developing new network technology. 2.
V4.5 3 Ethernet – Industrial Ethernet 3.1 History of Ethernet In late 1972, Metcalfe and his Xerox PARC colleagues developed the first experimental Ethernet system to interconnect the Xerox Alto, a personal workstation with a graphical user interface. The experimental Ethernet network was used to link Altos to each other, and to servers and laser printers.
V4.5 However, the domain of Ethernet has always been controlled by the IT department who configured office networks normally with an iron fist and dictated to the company how the network would be designed with complex recovery protocols like spanning tree and SNMP to help with fault finding and system analysis. If a network failure occurred the IT department would casually look at repairing the equipment - there was no real rush as it was an office network.
V4.5 • Only one system is allowed to proceed with a transmission of a frame within a Collision Domain at any one time. • Hubs require special ‘crossed’ cables to enables links from Hub to Hub (If no up-link port with twisted wiring is present). www.westermo.
V4.5 4 Switch Operation 4.1 Introduction A switch has to forward and receive packets from one LAN or device to another. The switch could forward all packets, but if this was the case it would have similar behavior to a hub. It would be more intelligent if the switch only forwarded packets which need to travel from one LAN or device to another. To do this, the switch must learn which devices or LANs are connected to each port.
V4.5 switch engine will drop packets. Packet re-transmission is then required and must be handled by the end nodes (e.g. TCP). A MAC table of 8 K entries and a packet memory of 1Mbyte is adequate for large networks. 4.5 Full Wire Speed The Switch supports full wire speed. This equates to 100Mbit/s full duplex on every port. 100Mbit/s in each direction on all ports equals 200Mbit/s per port. 4.6 Twisted Pair Port Specification 4.6.
V4.5 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 RD + RD TD + TD - pin pin pin pin pin pin 3 6 1 2 7 8 <-------> <-------> <-------> <-------> <-------> <-------> Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin Pin 1 2 3 6 4 5 TD + TD RD + RD - 4.6.5 Auto MDI/MDI-X The complete range of Westermo OnTime switches automatically detects the transmit and receive copper pairs used in a patch cable.
V4.5 SC: SM LC: SM-small form factor ST: MM MTRJ: MM-small form factor Figure 3, FX connector types 4.7.2 Fibre Optic Parameters Parameters that have relevance for fibre power budget calculations for relevant fibre transceivers are given below: Link type Link distance [km] Connector Zero cable len. Output power min. Output power typical Receiver sensitivity min. [dBm] Receiver sensitivity max. [dBm] Receiver saturation power [dBm] Link budget min.
V4.5 5 Power Supply Connector 5.1 Redundant power inputs The switch is designed to operate permanently over a very wide range of power (19 V DC to 60 VDC). Two redundant inputs are provided to provide enhanced redundancy if either supply fails. The power supply draws power from the input that has the highest potential difference when compared to the alternate supply. This enables use of e.g. a 48V source as primary supply with a 24VDC battery as back up.
V4.5 5.3 Power Supply & Fault Contact Connection Diagram Power supply connection terminals +VinA and +VinB are not interconnected internally within the Switch. -COM terminals on the other hand are internally connected to each other. –COM, +Vin and STAT terminals have an isolation barrier to internal logic and chassis ground that withstand 1500Vrms. In some cases polarity needs to be reversed or current increased on the fault contact, in such cases an external relay may be used.
V4.5 Figure 6, Power and fault contact – connection diagram 2 Example circuit 1, see Figure 5, will not indicate if one of the external power supplies fails, while example circuit 2 will if this is required, see Figure 6. The only difference between the two examples (except that two relays are used) is that each relay is powered from only one of the power supplies. The result of this is that if a power supply is failing the corresponding relay will be de-energised.
V4.5 Figure 7, Power and fault contact – connection diagram 3 www.westermo.
V4.5 6 Deterministic Ethernet - QoS 6.1 Principles of Deterministic Ethernet Westermo OnTime switches can operate in full duplex mode. This ensures that an Ethernet controller will never see any collisions occurring when operated in such a manner. The core section of the Network; the redundant ring topology always runs full duplex and at 100Mbit/s; this cannot be altered. In addition a very fast switching core is provided to ensure that the switch can handle full wire speed on each port.
V4.5 6.3 Layer 3 priority Each IPv4 header contains a ToS field, see figure below. The switch is configured to put IP packets with the following ToS values in the high priority queue: - 0x04 (IPTOS_RELIABILITY) - 0x08 (IPTOS_THROUGHPUT) - 0x10 (IPTOS_LOWDELAY) - 0xF8 - 0xFC High priority setting of the IP ToS field of real time critical packets must be set in the IP protocol of the sending station.
V4.5 7 Fast Re-configuration of Network Topology (FRNT) 7.1 Introduction The Westermo OnTime 200 series is available with redundant ring technology. This eliminates network failure caused by fibre or copper failures on the trunk ports (ring ports). The speed of ring recovery is an essential part of designing your network. The Westermo OnTime ring solution can recover from a failure in only 30mS if such a failure does occur.
V4.5 Figure 10, FRNT version 0, single ring topology 7.2.2 FRNT version 0, configuration rules The rules are as follows: • Port 7 and 8 are FRNT version 0 ports • Always connect port 8 to 7, 8 to 7, .. 8 to 7 through the ring • Never 7 to 7 or 8 to 8! • One switch as the network focal point (root) 7.3 FRNT version 1 7.3.
V4.5 The communication media between the two FRNT version 0 rings may not be under direct control of the switches at either end. Thus any type of commutation technologies can be used on the primary and a backup links. Failure of the either the primary or the backup links will cause the primary or backup switch to raise an alarm via SNMP, activate the fault contact and start switch LED blinking.
V4.5 8 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) The R/T200 switch series supports the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) according to IEEE802.1w with fall-back to the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP - IEEE802.1D). The STP fallback feature means that the R/T200 switches can be used together with switches that only have support for STP. RSTP/STP is a Layer 2 link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing loops in the network.
V4.5 received on the root port of the switch, the switch also forwards it with an updated message to all attached LANs for which it is the designated switch. If a switch receives a configuration BPDU that contains inferior information to that currently stored for that port, it discards the BPDU. If the switch is a designated switch for the LAN from which the inferior BPDU was received, it sends that LAN a BPDU containing the up-to-date information stored for that port.
V4.5 The typical time it takes to enter forwarding state from blocking state or vica versa (i.e. the network re-configuration time) in case of a RSTP enabled network is approx. <40 seconds, while the re-configuration time in case of a STP based network network is approx. 40 seconds. www.westermo.
V4.5 9 Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The Westermo OnTime R/T200 switch supports Simple Network Management Protocol version 2c (SNMPv2c). SNMP is an Internet standard protocol (IP) developed to manage IP nodes (servers, workstations, routers, switches and hubs etc.) on an Ethernet network. SNMP enables network administrators and controls engineers to manage network performance, find and solve network problems, and plan for network growth.
V4.5 • MIB-2 Transmission Control Protocol Group (TCP) , RFC1213-MIB, OID: 1.3.6.1.2.1.6. Contains information used to keep track of the application entities using TCP on the switch CPU. • MIB-2 User Datagram Protocol Group (UDP), RFC1213-MIB, OID: 1.3.6.1.2.1.7. Contains information used to keep track of the application entities using UDP on the switch CPU. • MIB-2 SNMP Group, RFC1213-MIB, OID: 1.3.6.1.2.1.11. Contains information used to keep track of SNMP application entities.
V4.5 • • Temperature alarm configuration SNMP host addresses 9.2 SNMP Traps One feature of SNMP is that the SNMP agent (in this case an Westermo OnTime switch) can send SNMP traps to one or more SNMP Hosts. SNMP traps means system alarms such as a port link loss or a port enabled for port alarms or the switch temperature exceeding a predefined threshold. www.westermo.
V4.5 10 IGMP snooping 10.1 IP Multicast filtering Several applications are based on multicast communication. Data is only sent once even though the data is meant for more than one receiver. However, the multicast packets will be sent on every drop link in the network unless the Ethernet switches support multicast filtering. The R/T200 series support IP multicast filtering.
V4.5 measurements reports according to IGMP v2. IP multicast producers are not required to make an IGMP join during start up or answer with IGMP measurement reports on received IGMP query packets (ref. RFC 2236). 10.3 Stop filter option A stop filter will be set if a multicast packet is received prior to a "join" to an IP multicast group where the received multicast address belong if the "Multicast stop filter" option is enabled.
V4.5 11 VLAN A physical Ethernet network can be divided into several overlapping Virtual LANs (VLAN) without having IEEE802.1q tagging or GVRP (Generic VLAN Registration Protocol) support on the Ethernet end nodes. All Ethernet trunk ports are member of all of the seven “Standard VLANs” and the four “Additional VLANs”. A trunk port means a switch port connected to another switch; where a network redundancy protocol is running (e.g. FRNT).
V4.5 Figure 12 shows the VLAN dialog setup of the IP configuration tool. The VLAN implementation is meant for both Ethernet end nodes that support tagging and for those that do not. An Ethernet end node that are not able to send tagged packets can, however, only participate in one of the “Standard VLANs”, i.e. the default VLAN id for the port is used as the VLAN for such an end node.
V4.5 - A trunk port will be member of all "Standard VLANs" and " Additional VLANs " (i.e. no difference between " Standard VLANs" and " Additional VLANs ") The user can define the vlan that a non-trunk port shall be member of. The vlan set can be any vlan among the " Standard VLANs " and " Additional VLANs " (i.e. no difference between " Standard VLANs " and "Additional VLANs") The user can define the default vlan for a non-trunk port.
V4.5 12 Time synchronization Variable latencies through the protocol stacks and the Ethernet switches will degrade the timing accuracy that can be achieved when time synchronization is performed via a switched Ethernet infrastructure. Time stamping of incoming and outgoing time packets shall preferably be done as low as possible in the protocol stack. The Ethernet switch latency depends on the network load and the switch architecture.
V4.5 The CPU handles the time sync protocol, T200 configuration via e.g. SNMP, serial interface versus an external clock source (if this available) and the interface versus the FPGA. The NMEA protocol over RS232 or RS422 versus an external GPS is often relevant in order to have reference to absolute time. RS422 is the preferred interface for both serial data and the PPS signal in order to meet various installation requirements (distance between GPS receiver and PTP clock).
V4.5 achieved if time stamping on the client is performed in hardware. Westermo OnTime networks provide intellectual property as part of design in projects together with customers that need highest possible accuracy. Such an implementation is shown below. This is the preferred configuration. Figure 15, OSI model of time server and time client 12.
V4.5 load dependable latency through off-the-shelf Ethernet switches without any time sync support will depredate the time sync accuracy that can be achieved on the IEEE1588 Slaves. This degradation is proportional with the number of off-the-shelf switches between the IEEE 1588 Grand Master and the IEEE 1588 Slave. This problem is solved if T200 switches with IEEE 1588 Transparent Clock functionality are used on all network paths between the Grand Masters and Slaves in the network.
V4.5 the corresponding DELAY_RESP packet is then modified with this measured delay. The sequenceId is used for pairing the DEL_REQ packet the corresponding DEL_RESP packet. See Figure 17 for the handling of the DEL_REQ/DEL_RESP packets at the switch with IEEE1588 Transparent Clock functionality. A switch with IEEE1588 Transparent Clock support maintains a list of ports, where SYNC and FOLLOW-UP packets are received. Any DEL_REQ packets received are only forwarded on these ports.
V4.5 - Peer-to-Peer (P2P) propagation delay measurement E2E according to IEEE1588 version 2 is based on the same principle for propagation delay measurement and compensation as for IEEE1588 version 1. That means the Slaves are responsible the measurement and compensation for propagation delay between the respective Slave and the Grand Master. P2P according to IEEE1588 version 2 is based on a different principle.
V4.5 The UTC format is as follows: • output UTC • transmission every second • transmission with control characters • transmission with ETX on second increment • transmission with second forerun • transmission sequence of control characters CR/LF • standard string date and time The characters in each time update are as follows: 0 STX (Start of Text) 1 Status (internal status of the clock), see below 2 day of the week (Monday...
V4.5 C D E F x x x x 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday The status byte is output as hexadecimal value. For example: the status character for GPS operation (high accuracy) is output as “C”. The NMEA report is as follows: GPRMC - Time and Date $GPRMC,,A,,,,,,,ddmmyy,*hh, • • • • • • • UTC - hhmmss.
V4.5 A network where time synchronization is both based on time synchronization via the Ethernet and the serial interface is shown in Figure 18. Figure 18, SNTP time client and serial time server 12.6 IRIG-B An optical IRIG-B output signal is generated on the ST 850nm fibre transmitter on the T200 front panel if the switch is enabled for time synchronization. IRIG-B can also be generated on one or both of the two copper output signal the GPS interface (15 pin connector) on the front panel of the T200.
V4.5 12.7 Pulse Per X seconds on GPS interface Two PPX copper output signal can be generated on the GPS interface (15 pin connector) on the front panel of the T200 if the switch is enabled for SNTP client or IEEE1588 Slave operation. PPX means that a Pulse Per X seconds is generated. The interval X is 1 by default. The PPX signal, pulse duration and interval, X, for one or both of the two output signals on the 15 pin connector can be configured via SNMP.
V4.5 serial interface (where NMEA reports are received). This GPS receiver/antenna is shown below: Figure 19, Acutime Gold GPS receiver and antenna 12.10 Time Synchronization Redundancy The figures below show how network and time server redundancy can be achieved. www.westermo.
V4.5 Figure 20, Network and time synchronization redundancy 1 www.westermo.
V4.5 Figure 21, Network and time synchronization redundancy 2 www.westermo.
V4.5 13 Switch Technical Specification 13.1 Interface Specifications RJ-45 Ports 10/100BASE-TX Auto Negotiation Feature Speed Full and Half Duplex mode Auto MDI/MDI-X Manual Negotiation Speed Full and Half Duplex mode Fibre Ports 100BASE-FX Ports Alarm Contact Single relay output. Maximum capacity 250 mA 13.2 Fibre Specifications Distances Multi mode Single mode Wavelength See 4.7.2 Loss Budget Information: See 4.7.2 Sensitivity: See 4.7.2 2-3KM 15KM, 40KM or 85KM 13.
V4.5 13.4 Environmental Specification Indoor use or corresponding environment Altitude up to 2000M Operating temperature (-40 .. +65’C) (55deg on F8) Humidity 5-95’C Enclosure IP40 13.4.1 Climatic Cold Storage Dry Heat Humidity 13.4.2 IEC 68-2-1 Ad (-40 ‘C operational 16 Hours) IEC 68-2-1 Ad (-40 ’C 16 Hours) IEC 68-2-2 Bd (+70 ’C operational 16 Hours) IEC 68-2-30 Db (25 ‘C .. 55 ‘C 95% 6 Cycles 24 Hours) Mechanical Oscillation Shock Enclosures 13.4.
V4.5 Signal 1kV/Voltage Dips Voltage Interruptions Conduced RF Disturbance 13.4.6 EN 61000-4-11 for AC Supply EN 61000-4-6 10V, 80% AM, 0, 15-80 MHz Safety Low Voltage Directive Standard EN 60950 Class 1 equipment, in which exposed conductive parts are bonded to a connecting means for a protective conductor. Eye Safety IEC 825-1 Class 1 www.westermo.
