Technical data

8 Theoretical and general applications www.westermo.com
ISDN components/interface ....................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Physical layer
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................
99
Frame format of the S-interface ....................................................................................................................................................... 100
Layer 2 – Data link layer .............................................................................................................................................................................. 101
SAPI
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
102
TEI ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 102
Layer 3 – Network layer
............................................................................................................................................................................. 103
CAPI
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 104
Radio
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
105–109
Radio communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 105
How it works ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
105
Attenuation and noise
..................................................................................................................................................................................... 106
Antennas
..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 107–109
Terminology
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 107
The antenna and its components
...................................................................................................................................................
107
Types of antennas .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 108
Signal propagation
.................................................................................................................................................................................................
108
Radio network ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 109
Industrial Ethernet
.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 110–145
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
................................................................................................................................................................................................. 110
Access methods ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 110
Ethernet Address & Packets
................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Collision domain
...................................................................................................................................................................................... 112–113
IP Networks
........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 113–122
Internet Protocol
....................................................................................................................................................................................................
113
Addressing methods
..........................................................................................................................................................................................
113
Addressing in a network
.............................................................................................................................................................................. 114
Private and public addresses .................................................................................................................................................................. 115
Ipv4 and Ipv6
................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 116
Subnetwork division
........................................................................................................................................................................... 116–117
Ports
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118
ARP ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
118
Point to Point (PPP)
........................................................................................................................................................................................... 119
Security (CHAP and PAP)
......................................................................................................................................................... 119–120
CHAP involves significantly improved security compared to PAP
................................................... 120
TCP/IP and UDP/IP
............................................................................................................................................................................................. 121
UDP ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121
TCP
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
121
Establishing a TCP connection
............................................................................................................................................................. 122
Building a network
........................................................................................................................................................................................
123–126
Devices in a network
........................................................................................................................................................................
123–126
Repeaters
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123
Bridge ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 123