Product guide
FOR CURRENT PRICING CALL 888.999.6564 ORDER ONLINE IAVI.COM
Electronic Whiteboard Looks like a regular confer-
ence-room whiteboard except that it captures notes and
drawings made on it electronically that can be sent remotely
for teleconferencing or stored digitally for future reference.
Energy Star Energy Star Certied consumer electronics
yield savings of about 1/3 on home energy bills, with similar
savings in greenhouse gas emissions
Escutcheon Ring A small device that covers a hole in a
suspended/false ceiling tile creating a smooth transition.
Ethernet This is a baseband LAN specication that oper-
ates at 10Mbps.
F
False Ceiling Also known as suspended ceiling
or dropped ceiling. Typically products are installed
above the false ceiling in a classroom or
conference room. Also referred to as Plenum Space if the
Above-the-ceiling is used as an air conditioning return. Full
and half size adapter plates may be used to mount
projectors in a false ceiling tile space
False Contouring Also known as solarization or
posterization. False contouring occurs when color shows
as distinct contours or edges where there shouldn’t be any.
This occurs when colors that should ow naturally between
shades or brightnesses do so discretely in clearly dened
bands. The visual effect is the look of a topographical map
instead of a video image.
FCC (Federal Communications Commission). U.S. govern-
ment agency responsible to Congress that regulates inter-
state and international communications via radio, television,
wire, satellite and cable. Commenced operations in 1934.
Feedback occurs when the output of a device returns
as the input of the same device. A microphone recording
the sound from a speaker which is playing back the same
microphone as a source is an instance where this can
occur. Signals get replicated multiple times and if they are
amplied, the amplication gets repeated as well. This is
how room noise turns into a loud screech if microphones
aren’t placed properly; however, this can occur to any
electrical signal.
Fiber-Optic A thin plastic or glass-ber cable that car-
ries digital audio signals in an optical format via pulses of
light. Uses a small, square plastic male connector on each
end. Most modern AV receivers and DVD players have
both Toslink optical digital as well as coaxial digital audio
connectors. No difference in sound quality between optical
or coaxial digital connections, but optical links are not
susceptible to hum or interference.
Field In NTSC, each frame of video is made up of 525
lines. Two 262.5 horizontal line elds equal one frame.
Each eld represents either the even or the odd lines of a
complete frame. A scanning system that uses even/odd
eld pairs is dened as an interlaced scanning system. A
eld equals one-half of a complete television scanning cycle
(1/60 of a second NTSC; 1/50 of a second Pal/SECAM).
When interlaced, two elds combine to make one video
frame with a scanning cycle of 1/30 of a second at a rate of
1/30 of a second in NTSC.File Format
Th
e structure of a
le that denes the way it is stored and used. Generally, a
le-type extension to the le name identies the format. For
example, some common bitmap graphics le formats sup-
ported by Scala are BMP, GIF, TIF, PCX, and JPG. Common
animation formats are AVI, FLI, FLC and MPG. A common
audio le format is WAV.
Fill Rate Given as a percentage, this characteristic indi-
cates how smooth an image will look viewing a particular
display. An imaging system with a low ll rate will exhibit a
screen door pattern in its images.
Focal Length This is the distance from the surface of a
lens to its focal point.
Focus A projector’s focus denes minimum and maxi-
mum projection distances. Most projectors have both auto
and manual focus functionality.
Footprint Space required to house an equipment rack
or device.
Form Factor A general description of a projector or at
panel’s size and shape. For example, a light projector with
a small case can be said to have a small form factor, and
would be good for mobile presentation. Similarly, a at
panel that is slim and wall mountable would be considered
to have a small form factor.
Frame Rate The frequency at which complete images
are generated. For non-interlaced signals, the frame rate
is identical to the vertical frequency. For interlaced signals,
the frame rate (also known as eld rate) is one half of vertical
frequency.
Frame A complete TV picture consisting of two interlaced
elds. The NTSC system scans 525 lines with an electron
beam and occurs at a frequency of once every 1/30 of a
second. (See Field, Interlaced)
Frequency Response Measures the frequencies a
component is capable of reproducing and how well it does
it. Usually stated as a set of frequencies with a variance
measured in decibels (dB). The ideal is to have no variance
or at response, along with a wide range of frequencies.
Front Projection A system where the projector sits in
front of the screen with the image getting reected back to
the audience.
FTP Server A computer that can receive requests for
an FTP link from a client machine, or the software on that
machine that allows it to do so. IIS includes FTP server
capability. Also called an FTP host. See also IIS.
Full HD 3D A projector that is Full HD 3D compatible
can use any of the 3D formats enabled in the HDMI 1.4 3D
specication: frame packing, top/bottom, or side-by-side.
These projectors are compatible with the 1080p 3D signal
from a Blu-ray player, set-top box, or other HDMI 1.4 device,
but may not be compatible with 120Hz frame sequential 3D
from a computer
Full On/Off Contrast The ratio between white and
black. The larger the contrast ratio the greater the ability
of a projector or at panel to show subtle color details and
tolerate extraneous room light. There are two methods
used: 1) Full On/Off contrast measures the ratio of the light
output of an all-white image (full on) and the light output of
an all-black (full off) image. 2) ANSI contrast is measured
with a pattern of 16 alternating black and white rectangles.
The average light output from the white rectangles is
divided by the average light output of the black rectangles
to determine the ANSI contrast ratio. When comparing con-
trast ratio, make sure you are comparing the same type of
contrast. Full On/Off contrast will always be a larger number
than ANSI contrast for a given product.
FXL Most popular halogen lamp used in low cost projec-
tors. Metal halide and UHP lamps are used in the medium
and higher priced portable projectors.
G
Gain or Screen Gain This is a measure of
reectivity of light compared to a screen coated
with magnesium carbonate or titanium dioxide,
when the measurement is taken for light targeted and
reected perpendicular to the screen. Titanium dioxide is a
bright white color, but greater gains can be accomplished
with materials that reect more of the light parallel to
projection axis and less off-axis.
Gamma Correction Adjustment to gamma or how gray
levels between black and white are displayed as the eye
is sensitive to these in a logarithmic manner. For example,
good gamma correction allows subtle shadow detail in a
dark image to be easily perceived.
Gamma Relationship between input video voltage and
output brightness. Determines how mid-tones appear as
eye sensitivity is non-linear and display devices use different
methods to account for this as well as their own display
characteristics.
Ghosting A faint duplicate image, usually offset from
primary image. A trail left by a moving object on a slow LCD
panel. Can be caused by multipath, which is a delayed,
attenuated duplicate signal bounced off an object to an
antenna or other interference.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format). A graphics format
in which images are made up of pixels and can be down-
loaded quickly.
Gray Scale A table of shading devoid of color, progress-
ing from black to white. The number of discernible gray
levels denes the color resolution of the display device and
is used to evaluate color acuity and contrast.
H.264 An industry standard for video compression, the
process of converting digital video into a format that takes
up less capacity when it is stored or transmitted.
Hanging Dots Artifact of composite video where
stationary dots exist where two colors meet. Caused by
interference between main video signal and color carrier.
See dot crawl.
HDCP (High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection). A
method for protecting copyrighted digital content that uses
the DVI (Digital Visual Interface) or HDMI (High-Denition
Multimedia Interface, previously known as DVI-CE) by
encrypting its transmission between the video source such
as a set-top box, DVD player, or computer and the digital
display device such as a projector, monitor or television. To
view digital HDCP protected content, both the sending and
receiving device must support HDCP.
H
HDMI (High Denition Multimedia Interface). An
uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface
that supports audio/video sources such as a
set-top box, DVD player, AV receiver, and video monitors
such as a digital projector or digital television (DTV). HDMI is
backward compatible with DVI 1.0 specication and
supports HDCP. HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or
high-denition video, plus multi-channel digital audio, and
interactive controls on a single cable. It transmits all ATSC
(Advanced Television Systems Committee) HDTV standards
and supports 8-channel digital audio. First product releases
using HDMI occurred in 2003.
HDTV Ready A television that supports 720p or 1080i or
higher resolutions and does not have a built-in HDTV tuner
for off-air reception of HD signals from a special antenna.
To view cable and satellite HDTV programming, a cable set-
top-box or satellite receiver is required.
HDTV (High-Denition Television). Generic term that indi-
cates a higher resolution format than previous standards. At
present, denotes anything higher than a 480p signal. Most
common formats are 720p, 1080i and 1080p.
High Color A setting describing graphics that have 16-bit
color, providing up to approximately 65,000 colors in the
image.
High Gain Screen A screen that uses one of many
methods to collect light and reect it back to the audience,
which dramatically increases the brightness of the image
over a white wall or semi-matte screen. Technologies used
include curved screens, special metal foil screens (some
polarized), and certain glass bead screens. High gain
screens achieve higher brightness by directing more of the
reected light towards the center of the screen.
Horizontal Blanking (Retrace). The process of bring-
ing the electron beam in a CRT back to the left side of
the screen after a left to right line has been traced on the
screen. The beam is shut off (blanked), during the period of
retrace. About 83% of the total horizontal line time is spent
writing the line. The remaining 17% is spent bringing the
beam back to the left side; retrace, before starting the next
line. (See Field, Frame, Interlaced, Waveform Monitor)
83