ProRadiant Heating and Cooling Design Manual 2015 The global leader in plumbing, heating and pipe joining systems
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1 Principles of Radiant Heating Design 1.1 Codes, standards and green building. . . 5 1.2 Installation methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3 Insulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.1 Residential insulation recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.2 Commercial insulation recommendations. . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3.3 Insulation requirements for Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4 Panel coverings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.4.
5 Snow Melting 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Selecting the design criteria level. . . . . 96 Calculating the snow melting load . . . . 98 Calculating the tubing spacing . . . . . . 102 Calculating the glycol solution supply temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 5.5 Selecting the percent glycol mixture. . 103 5.6 Sizing for flow rate, pressure drop and expansion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 5.6.1 Glycol flow rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 5.6.2 Glycol pressure drop . . . . .
1 Principles of Radiant Heating Design Background Radiant hydronic heating has long been recognized for its advantages over forced air systems in the areas of comfort, efficiency, architectural flexibility and acoustics. Now, radiant hydronic cooling is also emerging to offer the same benefits as radiant heating plus the capability of peak load shifting.
Hardwood Flooring Climate Panel: Screw or staple Climate Panels to the subfloor with 10 fasteners per panel. Climate Panel should run perpendicular to the direction of the hardwood floor. Tubing Spacing (per design) ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. R-19 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
Tubing Spacing (per design) Hardwood Flooring NOTE: Stop Heat Transfer Plate 12" to 16" before bend. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. Heat Transfer Plate: 5"W x 19"L have a 1" gap between Climate Traks, install 1½" off the joist Floor Joist: Be sure to check with local building codes to ensure no structural damage will occur due to drilling joists. R-19 Insulation: Use a Foil Face or Radiant Barrier.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX Tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Wire Mesh Gravel Plastic Zip Tie: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX Tubing Gravel Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Compact Subgrade Climate Mat: Secure with fastener best suited for application. Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.
Figure 1-8 U.S. climate zones Source: U.S. Department of Energy Climate Zone 1 2 3 4 except Marine 5 and Marine 4 6 7-8 Slab with Ground Contact, Perimeter Insulation R-5.0, 24-inch depth R-15, 24-inch depth R-15, 48-inch depth Slab or Floor in Conditioned Space, Horizontal Insulation Slab or Floor over Unconditioned Space, Horizontal Insulation Wall Cavity R-Value Exterior Wall Cavity R-Value Interior R-20 R-13 R-13 R-value that is 5 times the value of the floor covering’s R-value.
1.3.1 Residential insulation recommendations 1. Perimeter insulation may be applied on the interior or exterior of the foundation. Perimeter insulation should be applied vertically if the top of the slab is within 12" of grade, and may be applied vertically and / or horizontally if the top of the slab is more than 12" below grade. Listed depths are measured from the top of the slab.
Division B A-1.3.1.2.(1) Iqaluit 7000 Whitehorse 7000 Yellowknife 6000 6000 5000 5000 St. John’s 4000 3000 Charlottetown Edmonton Victoria 3000 Fredericton Québec Regina 4000 5000 Winnipeg Halifax 4000 5000 Ottawa 4000 5000 4000 Toronto GG00180A Figure FigureA-1.1.4.1.(1) 1-9 Canada average annual heating degree-days (C-degrees)1 Average annual heating degree-days (C-degrees) (NEC Article 3.2.2.2.
1.3.3 Insulation requirements for Canada (CSA B214 Clauses 14.4.4.1, 14.4.4.2, 14.5.3 and 14.5.5) When a poured concrete radiant floor system is installed in contact with the soil, insulation that complies with Clause 14.4.4.3 and has a minimum RSI value of 0.9 m2•K/W (R-value of 5 h•ft2•°F/ Btu) shall (a) be placed between the soil and the concrete; (b) extend as close as practical to the outside edges of the concrete; and (c) be placed on all slab edges.
1.4 Panel coverings Like insulation, a radiant panel’s covering (e.g., gypsum for walls; carpet, tile or hardwoods for floors) also affects its ability to deliver heat to a conditioned space. Coverings with lower R-values provide less resistance to the radiation of heat from the panel into the conditioned space. Coverings with higher R-values will require higher supply temperatures or flow rates to deliver the same amount of heat to a space.
Moisture To avoid cupping or crowning of the hardwood surface, it should be installed at a moisture content of 6-8%, over a subfloor within ~4% of the hardwood moisture content, as confirmed by a moisture meter. Indoor relative humidity levels should be between 30-50%. Ensuring these moisture and relative humidity levels is important regardless of whether hardwoods are installed over a radiant panel.
Hardwood Flooring Tubing Spacing (per design) 1½" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX Tubing ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Sleeper Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Sealant for Gypsum or Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) for concrete ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code.
1.4.4 Tile, stone and marble Selection of ceramic tile, stone or marble over radiant floor heating provides a surface that is cool to the touch in warmer months and warm to the touch in colder months. These coverings are thin, dense and conductive, meaning they transfer heat quite well. Although installation of hard coverings over a radiant panel may seem straightforward, the methods are evolving. Recommendations to avoid surface cracks include: • Use a crack isolation or uncoupling membrane.
1.4.6 Laminates 1.5 Heat load Laminate coverings contain multiple material layers, which typically include a coating, visible layer (e.g., thin strip of hardwood), fiberboard and a plastic bonding layer. Most consumers are familiar with wood surfaced laminate floors, but there are many other options that are now available, including tile, stone and vinyl surfaced.
If a targeted surface temperature exceeds these recommended limits, then consider reducing the heat load of the space by installing extra insulation and/or supply supplemental radiant panels for the space (e.g., walls, fan coils or radiators), or as otherwise specified by local governing bodies. For CSA requirements see Section 1.6.2. 1.6.2 • • • • Floor surface temperatures (CSA B214 Clause 14.2.
Btu/hr/ 2 of Panel Surface Area 70 60 Floor 50 Wall 40 Ceiling 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Temperature Difference (°F) between Room Temperature and Panel Surface Temperature Figure 1-16 Heat load supplied per square foot of floor or wall emitter area based on ∆T between the room set point temperature and the emitter surface temperature Example Equation: A 300 ft² room has a heat loss of 40 Btu/hr/ft² of floor area.
1.7 System documentation and operational instructions (CSA B214 Clause 4.6.2) The installer shall ensure that the system documentation and manufacturer’s operational instructions are left near the primary heating equipment or, if that is not practical, near the main electrical distribution panel, in order for service and maintenance personnel to have access to the documentation and instructions.
Figure 1-17 Anatomy of a heating system 22 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) High Temp Heat DHW Heat Exchanger DHW Pump Primary Loop Pump High Temp Pump High Temp Heat Emitter DHW Pool Exchanger Snow Melt Exchanger Mixing Device Mixing Valve Mixing Station Variable Speed Injection Pump Radiant Pump Radiant Systems Climate Mat Climate Panel Snap Panel Radiant Manifolds Stainless Stl.
1.8.1 Primary/secondary • Hydraulic separators with air and sediment separation functions: See manufacturer literature for sizing guidance. When sizing primary piping, maintain a fluid velocity of 2.0 to 4.0 feet per second at a temperature drop that will satisfy the total design heat load of the system. This velocity range is ideal for two reasons.
• Low loss header: See manufacturer literature for sizing guidance. For applications where the working fluid is 100% water, use Table 1-5 to identify the heat carrying capacity of the primary piping at various flow rates. For glycol solutions, see Section 1.11.2.2, Glycol primary piping sizing. Figure 1-20 Low loss header Application Residential & Light Commercial Commercial, Industrial, Agricultural Temperature Drop (°F) Copper Tube Size (In.) Recommended Flow Rate Range (GPM) 10 ¾ 3.7-7.
1.8.2 Panel piping Panel piping is piping that is used within the radiant panel, whether floor, wall, ceiling or other location. Viega provides two types of panel piping, ViegaPEX Barrier and FostaPEX tubing. ViegaPEX Barrier includes 4 layers. The first layer is the cross-linked, high-density polyethylene. The second layer is an adhesive for the third layer, the ethylene vinyl alcohol layer (EVOH oxygen barrier).
Application In-Slab Dry Mass Location On-Center Spacing (in., typical) Nominal Tubing Size (in.
1.8.3 Piping configurations Designers have many different options for piping configurations, including series, parallel with direct return and parallel with reverse return. Bedroom Bath Living Room Dining Room Series piping connects manifolds or radiant panels (i.e., radiators) from end to end, creating one continuous loop. One potential disadvantage of series piping is that the supply water temperature continues to fall as it flows to each successive radiant panel.
Parallel piping has two or more branches tied into a common supply and common return. Parallel piping configurations provide for equal supply temperatures across secondary or panel piping. Parallel piping can be configured as direct return or reverse return.
Direct return parallel piping occurs when the first branch connected on the supply is also the first branch connected on the return. This configuration will generally require balancing valves to ensure each parallel branch receives the design flow. Figure 1-23 Direct return piping. With individual circulators balancing valves are not required.
To Heat or Cooling Source Source From Heat or Cooling Reverse return parallel piping occurs when the first branch connected on the supply is also the last branch connected on the return. This configuration can aid in providing balanced flow throughout each parallel branch by facilitating the installation of equivalent tubing lengths that cannot be installed in direct return designs. Based on these equivalent lengths, reverse return piping may not require balancing valves to achieve design flow rates.
1.9 Circulator pumps Selection of a system’s circulator pump(s) is an important step in the overall system design because it directly affects the system’s heating capacity and its electrical energy use. Under-sizing a circulator can result in failure to satisfy heating loads, and over-sizing a circulator can result in wasted energy and increased expenses for the building owner, as well as premature failure and unwanted noise.
Figure 1-25 Residential piping configuration showing primary, secondary and panel piping associated with each circulator 32 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 250,000 BTUH 32,000 BTUH 23,500 BTUH ¾" Copper 142' (Equivalent) ¾" Copper 115' (Equivalent) 12,000 BTUH 5 ⁄16" ViegaPEX Barrier 5/16" ViegaPEX Barrier 4,500 BTUH BTUH 4,500 168' 168' 5 ⁄16" ViegaPEX Barrier 5/16" ViegaPEX Barrier 3,500 BTUH BTUH 3,500 174' 174' Mixing Station 53,000 BTUH21,000 BTUH 9,000 BTUH 35,000 BTUH ½" ViegaPEX Barrier
Once a circulator’s network is identified, the basic theory for sizing the circulator is to size it for the maximum flow rate seen at the circulator’s location and at the total pressure drop that the working fluid experiences across the circulator’s network. When dealing with sections of parallel piping within a network, the maximum pressure drop seen through the parallel section is the greatest pressure drop of any one section.
Continue calculating the pressure drop in the primary piping: Example: • Determine the length of the primary piping. Be sure to include all piping between the heating source and secondary piping. For each pipe size in the primary piping system, use the pressure drop tables that correspond to the system’s glycol content and flow rate, and multiply the pressure drop per foot (obtained from the table) by the equivalent length of each corresponding piping size.
Using a pump curve Pump curves help you to select a circulator based on the feet of head expected at the design flow rate. The selected pump must have a capacity greater than or equal to the system flow rate and a head greater than or equal to the total system pressure drop. Derive the pressure drop from Section 1.9.2, Pressure drop. Once these two system characteristics are known, a pump curve can be used to identify the best match for the system.
Enhanced mixing station pump curve AUTO ADAPT Operating range (maximum - minimum) *Hydraulic performance without check valve Pos. Description • Push-button for selection of pump setting • Every time the push-button is pressed, the circulator setting is changed IIIIII III III High Fixed Speed • Runs at a constant speed and consequently on a constant curve. In Speed III, the pump is set on the maximum curve under all operating conditions.
Hydronic mixing block pump curve 30 Speed 1 25 Speed 2 Speed 3 Head (Ft) 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Flow (USGPM) Figure 1-29 Pump curve for hydronic mixing block IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 37
1.9.4 Circulator placement relative to the expansion tank Pump On 30 psi Pump On Pump Off 30 psi Pump Off 30 psi 30 psi 30 psi 20 psi 30 psi 40 psi A common mistake in installations is incorrect placement of the expansion tank relative to the circulator. The recommended practice is placement of the expansion tank on the suction side of the circulator on the primary loop.
Primary Pump Figure 1-31 Recommended placement of expansion tank in relation to the primary IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 39
1.10 Expansion 1.10.1 Selecting an expansion tank Expansion tanks are required within hydronic heating systems to allow for the expansion of the working fluid as the temperature is increased. For simple, 100% water-based hydronic heating systems, you may refer to Table 1-9 for expansion tank sizing.
1.10.2 PEX expansion compensation no more than 50 ft. apart. ViegaPEX, ViegaPEX Ultra and ViegaPEX Barrier tubing, as with any PEX tubing, expands and contracts with temperature changes in the environment or the fluid inside the tubing. The longer the tubing run and the higher the temperature change, the more linear expansion the system will experience.
Compensation distance: To calculate the dimensions of the expansion compensation offset needed, use the following formula: L = C√OD x ΔL Where: L = length of compensation distance C = 12 (PEX material specific constant) OD = outer tubing diameter (⅛" + nominal tube size) ΔL = change in length from temperature change Corner expansion offset: Where piping takes a corner after a long straight run, a simple 90° elbow in the piping will allow for the absorption of expansion.
Z-type expansion offset: The Z-type expansion offset integrates two 90° elbows that form a “Z” pattern. With this type of configuration ½ of the “L” dimension is applied to the center area of the “Z” (represented as L1 in the table and illustration) while ¼ of the “L” dimension would be applied to each of the top and bottom areas (represented as L2). Calculate the necessary L1 and L2 dimensions or use the chart below, which was figured using the maximum run for a single expansion compensator (50 ft.).
U-type expansion loop: The U-type expansion loop integrates four 90° elbows that form a “U” pattern. With this arrangement ⅕ of the “L” dimension is applied as the width (represented as L3) while ⅖ of “L” is applied as each leg in the other dimension (represented as L4). Calculate the necessary L3 and L4 dimensions or use the chart below, which was figured using the maximum run for a single expansion compensator (50 ft.). L = 19.30" L3 = ⅕ (L) L3 = 19.30"/5 = 3.86" L3 = 3.
FostaPEX: FostaPEX tubing has a fully dimensioned PEX wall with additional outer layers of aluminum and polyethylene. As a result of these extra layers, FostaPEX expands considerably less than that of standard PEX tubing and slightly more than copper tubing (0.16" per 100' per 10°F). An approved method for expansion absorption when using FostaPEX is through the use of a coiled loop expansion compensator (at least every 50 ft.).
1.11 Freeze protection – glycol mixtures 1.11.2 Glycol system effects If freeze protection is required for your system (e.g., snow melting, turf conditioning, seasonal use, some agricultural and commercial applications, etc.), then use this section to determine the percent of glycol to specify as well as the effects of the glycol on system specifications.
Specific Heat of Propylene Glycol Solutions (Btu/lb/°F) Temperature (°F) Propylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0.741 0.680 0.615 0.542 -20 0.799 0.746 0.687 0.623 0.550 -10 0.804 0.752 0.693 0.630 0.558 0.855 0.809 0.758 0.700 0.637 0.566 0.898 0.859 0.814 0.764 0.707 0.645 0.574 -30 0 10 20 70% 80% 90% 0.936 0.902 0.864 0.820 0.770 0.713 0.652 0.583 30 0.966 0.938 0.906 0.868 0.825 0.776 0.720 0.660 0.591 40 0.968 0.
Density of Propylene Glycol Solutions (lbs/ft³) Temperature (°F) Propylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% -30 60% 70% 80% 90% 67.05 67.47 68.38 68.25 -20 66.46 66.93 67.34 68.13 68.00 -10 66.35 66.81 67.20 67.87 67.75 65.71 66.23 66.68 67.05 67.62 67.49 0 10 65.00 65.60 66.11 66.54 66.89 67.36 67.23 64.23 64.90 65.48 65.97 66.38 66.72 67.10 66.97 63.38 64.14 64.79 65.35 65.82 66.22 66.54 66.83 66.71 20 30 40 62.42 63.30 64.
Specific Heat of Ethylene Glycol Solutions (Btu/lb/°F) Temperature (°F) Ethylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% -30 0.734 0.680 0.625 0.567 -20 0.739 0.686 0.631 0.574 0.515 -10 0.794 0.744 0.692 0.638 0.581 0.523 0 0.799 0.749 0.698 0.644 0.588 0.530 0.803 0.754 0.703 0.651 0.595 0.538 10 0.849 0.897 0.853 0.808 0.759 0.709 0.657 0.603 0.546 30 20 0.940 0.900 0.857 0.812 0.765 0.715 0.664 0.610 0.553 40 0.
Density of Ethylene Glycol Solutions (lbs/ft³) Temperature (°F) Ethylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% -30 68.12 69.03 69.90 70.75 -20 68.05 68.96 69.82 70.65 71.45 -10 67.04 67.98 68.87 69.72 70.54 71.33 0 66.97 67.90 68.78 69.62 70.43 71.20 66.89 67.80 68.67 69.50 70.30 71.06 10 65.93 20 30 64.83 65.85 66.80 67.70 68.56 69.38 70.16 70.92 63.69 64.75 65.76 66.70 67.59 68.44 69.25 70.02 70.96 40 62.42 63.
Propylene Glycol Percentage Copper Tube Size (In.) Recommended Flow Rate Range (GPM) 30% ¾ 3.7-7.
100.0 " 1¼" 1½ 50.0 ¾" ⅝" ½" Flow Rate (GPM) 10.0 ⅜" ⁄ " 5.0 5 16 1.0 0.5 ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing 0.1 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Pressure Drop, 30% Propylene Glycol (FT OF HEAD PER FT OF TUBING) Table 1-21 Thirty percent propylene glycol pressure drop table for ViegaPEX Barrier tubing " 200.0 3½ " " 2½ 1½ " 1¼ 100.0 ¾" 50.0 ½" Flow Rate (GPM) ⅜" 10.0 5.0 1.0 0.
100.0 1¼" ½" 50.0 1 ¾" ⅝" ½" Flow Rate (GPM) 10.0 ⅜" ⁄ " 5.0 5 16 1.0 0.5 ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing 0.1 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Pressure Drop, 40% Propylene Glycol (FT OF HEAD PER FT OF TUBING) Table 1-23 Forty percent propylene glycol pressure drop table for ViegaPEX Barrier tubing 200.0 " 3½ " " 2½ 1½ " 1¼ 100.0 ¾" 50.0 ½" Flow Rate (GPM) ⅜" 10.0 5.0 1.0 0.
100.0 1¼" " 1½ 50.0 ¾" ⅝" ½" Flow Rate (GPM) 10.0 ⅜" 5.0 ⁄ " 5 16 1.0 0.5 ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing 0.1 10.00 8.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Pressure Drop, 50% Propylene Glycol (FT OF HEAD PER FT OF TUBING) Table 1-25 Fifty percent propylene glycol pressure drop table for ViegaPEX Barrier tubing 200.0 100.0 Flow Rate (GPM) 50.0 10.0 5.0 1.0 0.5 Type M Copper Tubing 0.1 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.
1.11.2.4 Glycol expansion tank selection 1.11.3 Glycol system maintenance Glycol solutions require larger expansion tanks than 100% water solutions. Expansion tanks for glycol solutions are typically at least 1.2 times the size of those required for 100% water solutions. To size an expansion tank for a glycol solution, use the same equation that you would to size a 100% water solution.
1.12.1 Fixed temperature A fixed temperature control is the most simplistic but also the least precise. This temperature control method provides one set water temperature to the system at all times, and can be achieved by setting the heat source to a fixed temperature or by using a thermostatic device to maintain a fixed temperature based upon incoming water temperatures. This control method is typically used in an effort to reduce first costs of controls by eliminating actuators, reset controls, etc.
1.12.3 Variable temperature A variable temperature system adjusts the system’s supply temperature based on the anticipated heat load, which is estimated based on outdoor temperature, indoor temperature or both.
Reset controls communicate with one or more of the following supporting hardware to effectively vary the supply temperature: mixing valve, diverting valve, injection mixing and/or modulating heat source. • Mixing Valve – A mixing valve is controlled by an electronic actuator that receives a signal from a reset control. This control varies the temperature being supplied to the manifold by adjusting the amount of hot supply or cold return water that is permitted to flow through the valve.
• Injection Mixing – This variable temperature control option uses either a single-speed or variablespeed injection circulator that receives a signal from a reset control to vary the volume of hot water injected into the secondary piping. These small injected amounts of hot water mix with the water in the secondary piping, increasing the temperature as needed.
Figure 1-39 Modulating heat source 60 High Temp Heat DHW Heat Exchanger • Modulating Heat Source – The heat source is controlled by a reset control to vary the supply water temperature based upon the outdoor and/or indoor temperatures, thus potentially eliminating the need for additional mixing devices. Depending on the heat source type and manufacturer, modulation methods may vary. Multiple temperature systems may require secondary mixing in addition to boiler modulation.
1.12.5 Flow control Flow may be provided with fixed- or variable-speed circulators, both of which offer proven performance in radiant heating systems.
ZONE CONTROL Viega Viega Mixing Station Viega Figure 1-40 Powerhead zoning with fixed-speed circulator and fixed flow bypass 62 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual)
ZONE CONTROL Viega Viega 3-Way Valve with Electric Actuator Viega Figure 1-41 Powerhead zoning with variable-speed circulator. No differential bypass is required. Variable-speed circulator ramps up and down as powerheads close to reduce power consumption.
• Zone valves ||Can control single or multiple circuits ||Low voltage wiring may reduce trades required ||Some dry cartridges for easy replacement of failed components ||Single circulator may require less power consumption than multiple Figure 1-42 Zone valve zoning with fixed-speed circulator and fixed flow bypass 64 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual)
Figure 1-43 Zone valve zoning with variable-speed circulator. No differential bypass is required. Variable-speed circulator ramps up and down as zone valves close to reduce power consumption.
• Circulators ||No differential bypass requirement ||Larger flow capabilities as circulator sized per zone ||120V may simplify wiring ||Circulator runs only when zone calls for heat Figure 1-44 Circulator zoning 66 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual)
1.13 Minimum required design information (TECA 2009, Clause 2.
2 Residential Radiant Heating Considerations Loop balancing System controls Credit for radiant energy savings Distribution system installation or specification Insulation Load calculation Circulating pumps Multifamily over 3 Stories X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X LEED X X X X X X ACI 318 ASHRAE 55 X X X X Radiant heating requirement for unenclosed spaces Snow melt Designing for comfort Peak load reduction X X X All IIECC CSA B214 Manual J NGBS Up
2.2 System documentation and operational instructions (CSA B214, Clause 4.6.2) The installer shall ensure that the system documentation and manufacturer’s operational instructions are left near the primary heating equipment or, if that is not practical, near the main electrical distribution panel, in order for service and maintenance personnel to have access to the documentation and instructions.
3 Commercial Radiant Heating and Cooling Considerations The principles of radiant heating design for commercial, industrial and agricultural projects are similar to residential. However, the implementation of these principles can differ significantly when considering the scale, controls and heating systems used for these jobs. Additionally, radiant cooling has begun to see broader adoption in North America in the commercial market, especially in hot, dry climates.
X X X X Radiant heating requirement for unenclosed spaces Snow melt Designing for comfort Peak load reduction X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X LEED ACI 318 ASHRAE 55 IIECC X X X IMC X X X ASHRAE / ACCA 183 ASHRAE 189.1 Loop balancing System controls Credit for radiant energy savings Distribution system installation or specification Insulation Load calculation Circulating pumps ASHRAE 90.
Foundation Wall R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.) Sill Plate Concrete Slab 45° 4" Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) Gravel Foam Board Insulation: 24" min. height, 3" min. thickness R-15 ViegaPEX Tubing: Minimum ¾" height of thin-slab over PEX Tubing Compact Subgrade Figure 3-1 Perimeter insulation options Floor Covering R-Value Insulation Below Suspended Slab (R-Value) 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.
3.3 Heating and cooling load calculations For large commercial jobs, Viega assumes that the HVAC contractor has familiarity with conducting heating and cooling load calculations. When conducting a heating or cooling load calculation for a commercial space, incorporate the following ancillary loads and considerations as necessary: • Ventilation air requirements – may vary with occupancy • Infiltration and air tightness – construction details and operation of the building (e.g.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX Tubing R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Tubing Spacing (per design) ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Wire Mesh Suspended Slab (e.g., between floors) Plastic Zip Tie: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX Tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Wire Mesh Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Plastic Zip Tie: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX Tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) Wire Mesh Metal Decking ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. R-10 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Plastic Zip Tie: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created.
For installations > 10,000 ft2 that have large, open spaces and simple geometry, Viega’s Climate Mat can be specified to increase the affordability and labor-efficiency of the installation. Unlike typical radiant tubing installations, which require that individual lengths of tubing be extended and attached to a sub-base, Climate Mat is a tubing module that permits the installer to simply roll out as many as six equivalent lengths of tubing simultaneously.
Milk parlor and hot water heat Hockey Rinks Greenhouse Freezer Slab Soil frost & freeze protection 6 to 9 Comments Heat Rejection Target Surface Temperature (°F) NR Climate dependent 120 to 130 122 to 140 Space heating with waste heat Root zone heating Tubing Spacing (inches o.c.
3.6 Commercial radiant cooling 3.6.1 Radiant cooling systems operate by reducing the surface and air temperature within a space, which is referred to as “sensible cooling.” “Latent cooling” occurs when the heat content of air is reduced through condensation of the air’s vapor on a cool surface. To avoid condensation on radiant cooled surfaces, latent cooling should be provided by a supplemental forced-air cooling and/ or dehumidification system.
DISSATISFIED % 80 60 40 41 50 59 68 77 86 95 104 °F 20 10 8 6 4 2 1 LOCAL DISCOMFORT CAUSED BY WARM AND COOL FLOORS 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 FLOOR TEMPERATURE 40 °C Figure 3-4 Percent persons dissatisfied (PPD) based on floor temperature. Note that a minimum of ~66°F is advisable to achieve 10 PPD20 Dewpoint temperature: When a surface temperature is below the dewpoint temperature of the surrounding air, condensation is likely to occur on the surface.
80 Relative Humidity % 100 80 40 60 Dewpoint of 42.8°F for drybulb of 68°F and 40% RH WetBulb Temperature °F 70 20 60 50 30 30 40 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 DryBulb Temperature °F Figure 3-5 Use of a psychrometric chart to determine the dewpoint based on drybulb and relative humidity. To determine the dewpoint, find the drybulb temperature on the horizontal axis and then move up vertically until you reach the corresponding sloping relative humidity line.
Legend for Table 3-7. Not recommended for spaces where the relative humidity exceeds 30% at 78°F drybulb. Not recommended for spaces where the relative humidity exceeds 40% at 78°F drybulb. Not recommended for spaces where the relative humidity exceeds 50% at 78°F drybulb. Floor Covering R-Value (hr•ft2•°F/ Btu) Depth of Tubing in Concrete (Inches) 0.75 1.5 0 3 6 0.75 1.5 0.25 3 6 Floor Covering R-Value (hr•ft2•°F/ Btu) Depth of Tubing in Concrete (Inches) 0.75 1.5 0.
3.6.2 Capacity 3.6.2.1 To determine the cooling capacity of a radiant slab for your application, refer to the cooling capacities provided in Table 3-8, which captures both the radiation and convection heat transfer from a surface in typical indoor applications (e.g., room temperature of 79°F and radiant panel surface temperature of 66°F).
plant may be able to run at a higher efficiency by delivering its chilled water to the radiant panel at a higher supply temperature (i.e., 55 to 60°F) than would be required for a water to air heat exchanger (~45°F). Higher supply temperatures increase a radiant cooling system’s efficiency by increasing the effective operating range for water-side economizing and by permitting a higher evaporative temperature for the chiller.
3.6.4 Cooling control strategies Controls for radiant cooling systems should be specified with the objectives of reducing condensation potential, providing for occupant comfort and optimizing energy efficiency and equipment performance. Figure 3-8. Rotating horizontal desiccant bed. Trays containing dry desiccant are slowly rotated between process and reactivation airstreams. Although care must be taken to avoid leakage between moist and dry airstreams, the design is inexpensive to produce.
Control strategies for radiant cooling should also explore the thermal mass benefits of the slab. Opportunities exist for peak-shifting in radiant cooling, which can avoid high electricity charges in areas with time-of-use rates.
TWO-POSITION CHANGEOVER VALVE CHILLER BOILER LOAD 1 LOAD 2 Figure 3-9 Conceptual diagram of a two-pipe system28 ALTERNATIVE LOCATION FOR COMMON PIPE PC1 PH1 PH2 BOILER V1 LOAD 1H LOAD 1C LOAD LOAD 2H 2C START-UP (WARM-UP) VALVE CHILLER 1 CHILLER 2 CHILLER SYSTEM COMMON PIPE Figure 3-10 Conceptual diagram of a four-pipe29 28. ASHRAE. 2008. Handbook – HVAC Systems and Equipment. 12.19. 29. ASHRAE. 2008. Handbook – HVAC Systems and Equipment. 12.20.
4 Installation and Startup A good design must be accompanied by thoughtful installation practices and proper startup procedures to ensure that the radiant system performs as specified. 4.1 Installation General installation instructions are provided in this section, while specific installation instructions for applications like Snap Panel, Climate Mat, Climate Panel and Climate Trak are located in Appendices A-D.
For compression connections with ViegaPEX Barrier, follow these steps. Note that FostaPEX cannot be used when making compression connections. 1. Square off tubing to proper length. Slide compressions nut up tubing and clip brass ferrule over tubing. 2. Slide tubing over end of SVC adapter, pushing it on fully until tubing is flush with shoulder of fitting. Figure 4.2 SVC Compression Fittings 5⁄16" to ¾" 4.1.2 3.
Fibrous Expansion Joint: Coordinate with architectural drawings for expansion joint locations. ViegaPEX Tubing: Minimum ¾" height of thin-slab over PEX tubing Sleeving: Polyethylene or PVC pipe Concrete Slab R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.) Gravel Polyethylene Film: 6 mil. (min.) Compact Subgrade Manufacturers recommendation 6" to 8" typically; 12" per CSA B214, section 14.4.
Foundation Wall ½" Isolation Joint: Acts as an expansion joint between slab and foundation wall. R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.) Concrete Slab 4" Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) Foam Board Insulation: 24" min. height, 3" min.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. components (mixing devices, purge assembly, isolation valves, circulators, etc.). Prior to purging secondary piping, manifolds and circuits, ensure that the boiler and associated primary piping have been purged of all air. Purge stations, manifolds and circuits according to manufacturers’ instructions. Refer to PI (product information) sheets for hydronic mixing block, ProBloc and mixing stations.
Purging Once tubing is filled with water, it must be protected from freezing. This can be done by waiting to purge and fill the tubing until the building is ready to be conditioned, or by using a glycol mixture within the tubing. Glycol mixtures may also be needed in systems that are not used year-round that may be exposed to freezing temperatures. Use of a glycol solution will impact the heat transfer capability of the fluid, so ensure that the design has accounted for this. See Section 5.13.
4.2.3 Adjusting the high-limit Limits should be set on the maximum supply water temperature to circuits based on design requirements. The Mixing Station is provided with a preinstalled temperature high-limit. This high-limit is installed into the 3-way valve to allow a maximum supply water temperature to be set. This high-limit must be unscrewed when purging the system and should then be set according to the instructions below.
4.2.4 Considerations for slabs Warming Up the Slab When starting up an in-slab system in heating mode for the first time, it is best to warm the thermal mass up slowly to help prevent possible shock to the slab. In accordance with DIN 4725 section 4, Viega recommends: • Start warmup after concrete has reached its final set (curing complete). • Set supply water temperature to 77°F for the first three days.
5 Snow Melting Radiant snow melting can be desirable for residential, commercial and industrial applications. Benefits of snow melting include: • Safety (insurance) • Solves snow removal problems in critical areas (stairs, slopes, intersections, ramps, pavers) • Reduced maintenance • Prevents salt and other chemicals from entering the building • Extends slab life • May utilize wasted energy Industrial: Snow melting in industrial applications is used where safe, clean and easy access is critical.
Define customer’s intention and expectation of the snow melting system to select the correct design criteria level. Levels: • Level 1 • Level 2 • Level 3 Residential Residential/Commercial Industrial/Critical Level 1 • Area-free ratio 0 to 0.5 • Confidence level ~95% Common applications • Residential applications • Driveways • Sidewalks • Hot tub areas Level 2 • Area-free ratio 0.5 to 1 • Confidence level ~98% Common applications: • Commercial and light commercial apps.
5.2 Calculating the snow melting load The methodology Viega recommends to calculate the snow melting load is based on that described in the 2008 ASHRAE Handbook – Systems and Equipment. Use Table 5-1 to find the heat flux output requirement in Btu/hr/ft². The heat flux output requirement given in Table 5-1 values does not include back and edge heat losses, which must be accounted for separately to get the final heat output requirement (refer to Table 5-2 for back and edge loss multipliers). Procedure: 1.
Heat Fluxes Not Exceeded During Indicated Percentage Snow-Free of Snowfall Hours from 1982 through 1993, Btu/h-ft² b Area Ratio Ar 75% 90% 95% 98% 99% 1 89 125 149 187 212 Albany, NY 156 0.5 60 86 110 138 170 0 37 62 83 119 146 1 70 118 168 191 242 Albuquerque, NM 44 0.5 51 81 96 117 156 0 30 46 61 89 92 1 113 150 168 212 228 Amarillo, TX 64 0.5 71 88 108 124 142 0 24 46 62 89 115 1 112 164 187 212 237 Billings, MT 225 0.5 64 89 102 116 128 0 22 33 45 60 68 1 151 199 231 275 307 Bismarck, ND 158 0.
Location Snowfall Hours per Year Lexington, KY 50 Madison, WI 161 Memphis, TN 13 Milwaukee, WI 161 MinneapolisSt. Paul, MN 199 New York, NY, JFK Airport 61 Oklahoma City, OK 35 Omaha, NE 94 Peoria, IL 91 Philadelphia, PA, International Airport 56 Pittsburgh, PA, International Airport 168 Portland, ME 157 Portland, OR 15 Rapid City, SD 177 Reno, NV 63 Salt Lake City, UT 142 Sault Ste. Marie, MI 425 Seattle, WA 27 Spokane, WA 144 Springfield, MO 58 St.
Back and Edge Heat Loss Back and edge heat loss is the percentage of heat lost through the back and edge of the snow melt area. Back and edge heat losses may add up to 50% to the snow melting load, depending on: • Construction • Insulation • Exposure • Operating temperature • Ground temperature A minimum of R-5 insulation below the tubing and on the sides of the snow melt area is recommended to reduce back and edge heat losses and reduce response time.
5.3 Calculating the tubing spacing Decreasing the tubing spacing will allow the snow melting system to operate at lower fluid temperatures while meeting the heat output requirements. Use Table 5-4 to identify recommended tubing spacing. Procedure: 1. Find the tubing size in the first column of Table 5-4. 2. Follow to the right and read the recommended tubing spacing under the column representing the heat load.
5.5 Selecting the percent glycol mixture 5.6.1 For typical freeze protection applications, Viega recommends using 40% propylene glycol, though a higher concentration may be required in your area. Ethylene glycol is compatible with ViegaPEX Barrier. Use Table 5-6 to determine the freezing point of the water/glycol mixture based on percent glycol by volume.
Specific Heat of Propylene Glycol Solutions (Btu/lb/°F) Temperature (°F) Propylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0.741 0.680 0.615 0.542 -20 0.799 0.746 0.687 0.623 0.550 -10 0.804 0.752 0.693 0.630 0.558 0.855 0.809 0.758 0.700 0.637 0.566 0.859 0.814 0.764 0.707 0.645 0.574 -30 0 10 0.898 20 70% 80% 90% 0.936 0.902 0.864 0.820 0.770 0.713 0.652 0.583 30 0.966 0.938 0.906 0.868 0.825 0.776 0.720 0.660 0.591 40 0.968 0.
Specific Heat of Ethylene Glycol Solutions (Btu/lb/°F) Temperature (°F) Ethylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% -30 0.734 0.680 0.625 0.567 -20 0.739 0.686 0.631 0.574 0.515 -10 0.794 0.744 0.692 0.638 0.581 0.523 0 0.799 0.749 0.698 0.644 0.588 0.530 0.803 0.754 0.703 0.651 0.595 0.538 10 0.849 0.897 0.853 0.808 0.759 0.709 0.657 0.603 0.546 30 20 0.940 0.900 0.857 0.812 0.765 0.715 0.664 0.610 0.553 40 0.
5.6.2 Glycol pressure drop Determining the pressure drop in a snow melt system with a glycol solution is achieved in the same manner as for a 100% water system, except that different pressure drop charts must be used based on the % glycol solution. Pressure drop tables for piping using a glycol solution are provided below.
Once a circulator’s network is identified, the basic theory for sizing the circulator is to size it for the maximum flow rate seen at the circulator’s location and at the total pressure drop that the working fluid experiences across the circulator’s network. When dealing with sections of parallel piping within a network, the maximum pressure drop seen through the parallel section is the greatest pressure drop of any one section.
Continue calculating the pressure drop in the primary piping: • Determine the length of the primary piping. Be sure to include all piping between the heating source and secondary piping. For each pipe size in the primary piping system, use the pressure drop tables that correspond to the system’s glycol content and flow rate, and multiply the pressure drop per foot (obtained from the table) by the equivalent length of each corresponding piping size.
" 200.0 " 3½ " " 2½ 1¼ 1½ 100.0 ¾" 50.0 ½" Flow Rate (GPM) ⅜" 10.0 5.0 1.0 0.5 Type M Copper Tubing 0.1 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.2 0.01 0 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 Pressure Drop, 30% Propylene Glycol (FT OF HEAD PER FT OF TUBING) Table 5-10 Thirty percent propylene glycol pressure drop table for Type M copper tubing 100.0 1¼" ½" 50.0 1 ¾" ⅝" Flow Rate (GPM) ½" 10.0 ⅜" ⁄ " 5.0 5 16 1.0 0.
200.0 " " 3½ " " 2½ 1¼ 1½ 100.0 ¾" 50.0 ½" Flow Rate (GPM) ⅜" 10.0 5.0 1.0 0.5 Type M Copper Tubing 0.1 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.2 0.01 0 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 Pressure Drop, 40% Propylene Glycol (FT OF HEAD PER FT OF TUBING) Table 5-12 Forty percent propylene glycol pressure drop table for Type M copper tubing 100.0 1¼" " 1½ 50.0 ¾" ⅝" Flow Rate (GPM) ½" 10.0 ⅜" 5.0 ⁄ " 5 16 1.0 0.
" 200.0 " 3½ " 2½ 1½ " 1¼ 100.0 ¾" 50.0 ½" Flow Rate (GPM) ⅜" 10.0 5.0 1.0 0.5 Type M Copper Tubing 0.1 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.2 0.01 0 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 Pressure Drop, 50% Propylene Glycol (FT OF HEAD PER FT OF TUBING) Table 5-14 Fifty percent propylene glycol pressure drop table for Type M copper tubing 5.6.
Density of Propylene Glycol Solutions (lbs/ft³) Temperature (°F) Propylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% -30 60% 70% 80% 90% 67.05 67.47 68.38 68.25 -20 66.46 66.93 67.34 68.13 68.00 -10 66.35 66.81 67.20 67.87 67.75 65.71 66.23 66.68 67.05 67.62 67.49 65.00 65.60 66.11 66.54 66.89 67.36 67.23 0 10 20 30 64.23 64.90 65.48 65.97 66.38 66.72 67.10 66.97 63.38 64.14 64.79 65.35 65.82 66.22 66.54 66.83 66.71 40 62.42 63.30 64.
Density of Ethylene Glycol Solutions (lbs/ft³) Temperature (°F) Ethylene Glycol Concentration by Volume 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% -30 68.12 69.03 69.90 70.75 -20 68.05 68.96 69.82 70.65 71.45 -10 67.04 67.98 68.87 69.72 70.54 71.33 0 66.97 67.90 68.78 69.62 70.43 71.20 65.93 66.89 67.80 68.67 69.50 70.30 71.06 10 20 30 64.83 65.85 66.80 67.70 68.56 69.38 70.16 70.92 63.69 64.75 65.76 66.70 67.59 68.44 69.25 70.02 70.76 40 62.42 63.
5.7 Selecting the circulator 30 MED 20 15 LOW 10 5 0 0 Stock Code Head (ft) 12 10 LOW 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 20 25 30 35 Amps Watts HP HI 1.8 197 1/6 MED 1.5 179 1/6 LOW 1.3 150 1/6 5.
Annual Energy Requirement per Unit Area at Steady-State Conditionsa, Btu/ft² Location Time, h/yr 2% Min. Snow Temp., °F System Designed for Ar = 1 System Designed for Ar = 0.5 System Designed for Ar = 0 Melting Idling Melting Idling Melting Idling Melting Idling Albany, NY 156 1,883 9.3 10,132 109,230 7,252 109,004 4,371 108,420 Albuquerque, NM 44 954 16.3 2,455 38,504 1,729 38,495 984 38,332 Amarillo, TX 64 1,212 6.
5.9 Thermal mass considerations 5.11.2 Mixing options Concrete, pavers or asphalt may be used in snow melting systems. Each of these piping configurations requires some form of mixing or boiler modulation to ensure that design delivery temperatures to the snow melt area are achieved.
• Diverting Valve – A diverting valve is controlled by a non-electronic actuator that sends out a fixed water temperature. This control maintains a fixed water temperature by adjusting the volume of return water being diverted back into the supply stream. • Injection Mixing – This variable temperature control option uses either a single-speed or variable-speed injection circulator that receives a signal from a reset control to vary the volume of hot water injected into secondary piping.
Mix Supply Sensor Boiler Sensor Primary Loop Circulator Flat Plate Exchanger 3-Way Mixing Valve Auto Feed Mix Return Sensor System Circulator Advanced Viega Outdoor Sensor Figure 5-4 Piping diagram for typical application of a three-way mixing valve with electronic actuator. This diagram is representative only.
Figure 5-5 Wiring diagram for three-way mixing valve with electronic actuator IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 119
Figure 5-6 Piping diagram for diverting valve with non-electric control 120 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) Thermostatic Bypass Primary Loop Pump Snow Detector Viega Capillary Sensor Auto Feed Non-Electric Fixed Water Temperature Control Basic Snow Melt Control Slab Sensor
Figure 5-7 Piping diagram for typical injection mixing application with electronic control IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 121 Boiler Sensor Exchanger Primary Circulator Outdoor Sensor Injection Circulator Advanced Controller Auto Feed Return Water Sensor System Circulator Mixed Supply Sensor
Figure 5-8 Wiring diagram for an injection mixing valve 122 IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual)
Figure 5-9 Modulating heat source IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 123 System Circulator Auto Feed Snow Detector Viega Basic Snow Melt Control Exchanger Primary Loop Circulator
5.11.3 Selecting a heat exchanger For systems that employ a heat exchanger, Viega’s heat exchangers are very cost effective in snow melt systems and provide high outputs, fast response and separation of the fluids. Use the following procedure to select a heat exchanger for a snow melt system. Procedure: 1. Determine the total Btu/hr required for the snow melt system. Viega Model 22006 (¾" MPT) 22007 (1" MPT) 22008 (1¼" MPT) 2.
5.12 Planning and installation 5.12.2 Layout planning 5.12.1 Creating a material list To avoid waste and to have equal circuit lengths, a carefully planned layout should be done. First, determine where the manifold should be installed. Remember the manifold must be accessible. When calculating the number of circuits, always round up. Keep the length of each circuit the same in the snow melt area. Use this worksheet to make an initial material list for the amount of tubing and fasteners needed.
Calculating number of circuits: Total amount of tubing ÷ maximum circuit length = # of circuits Serpentine Used in level I and II applications Figure 5-12a Reverse return Level I and II optional, recommended for Level III applications. This pattern distributes heat more evenly and allows a lower thermal stress than a serpentine pattern. The reverse return installation procedure is more difficult and more time consuming than that of the serpentine pattern. 5.12.
Foundation Wall Concrete Slab 45° R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.) 4" Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) Foam Board Insulation: 24" min. height, 3" min. thickness R-15 Gravel ViegaPEX Tubing: Minimum ¾" height of thin-slab over PEX tubing Compact Subgrade Figure 5-13 Cross section of insulation under concrete slab with snow melt Step 2.
Special considerations for stairs and grades are given below. Wire Mesh Concrete Stair ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.) Figure 5-15a Section through concrete stairs Wire Mesh ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.
Serpentine Pattern Return Reverse Pattern Figure 5-15c Stairs -- plain view Plastic Clip for Foam Board: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return or other shapes created. ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing Sand or Stone Dust: Minimum 1½" height over ViegaPEX Barrier tubing Asphalt Gravel R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.
Filter Cloth Washed Stone Drainage Pipe Gravel ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing Plastic Clip for Foam Board: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return or other shapes created. R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application.) Figure 5-15e Section through drainage 5.13 Startup Once the snow melt system is installed, startup involves the following steps: 1.
General information on these individual steps is provided in the following sections. For productspecific information, consult manufacturers’ instructions (e.g., Viega PI sheets). 5.13.1 Pressure testing, filling and purging Pressure testing When conducting pressure testing, air or water may be used as the medium. To simplify leak detection if tubing is damaged, pressure should be maintained during the installation of the surface to be heated (whether concrete, asphalt, pavers, etc.).
Size (in.) O.D. (in.) I.D. (in.) Water Content (Gal/ft) ½ 0.625 0.475 0.009 ⅝ 0.750 0.574 0.014 ¾ 0.875 0.671 0.018 1 1.125 0.862 0.030 Table 5-22 ViegaPEX Barrier and FostaPEX tubing specifications *Use of a fill and purge kit is recommended for snow melt systems. Building a fill and purge kit will allow the fill and purge process to be quick, efficient and easy. Figure 5-17 shows an economical kit (parts supplied by others).
Circuit Circuit Length Number of Turns Open to Set Memory Spindle 1 250' 250/250 x 10 = 10 turns (fully open) 2 200' 200/250 x 10 = 8 turns 3 150' 150/250 x 10 = 5 turns 4 100' 100/250 x 10 = 4 turns Circuit Length (ft) Longest Length (ft) x 10 = # of Turns for Balancing* * The number of full 360° turns open from a fully closed position Circuit 1 is the longest at 250', so it is fully open (counter clockwise). Circuit 2 is 200', so divide 200' by 250', which equals 0.8. Then multiply 0.
Appendix A Tubing ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing Scope This specification designates the requirements for ViegaPEX Barrier cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing for use in hydronic heating and cooling systems. ViegaPEX Barrier includes an oxygen barrier layer that helps restrict the passage of oxygen through the wall of the tubing. All ViegaPEX is manufactured and tested to the requirements of ASTM F876, F877, CSA B137.
Quality Assurance ViegaPEX Barrier tubing is manufactured and tested to the requirements of ASTM F876, F877 and CSA B137.5. The degree of cross-linking of finished tubing is determined by method ASTM D2765. Certifications NSF-pw - Tested for health effects to ANSI/NSF standard 61 and performance to ANSI/NSF standard 14. NSF-rfh - Products meet all applicable performance requirements for a pressure rated floor heating application specified in NSF/ANSI Standard 14.
FostaPEX High-Density Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) Scope This material specification designates the requirements for Viega FostaPEX multilayer pressure pipe for hot and cold water distribution tubing and hydronic radiant heating applications. All FostaPEX tubing has a fully dimensioned inner PEX core to thecopper tube size dimension (CTS), SDR-9 wall thickness and meets the respective requirements of ASTM Standard F876 and F877.
Quality Assurance Thermal Conductivity When the product is marked with the ASTM F876 designation, it affirms that the product was manufactured, inspected, sampled and tested in accordance with these specifications and has been found to meet the specified requirements. SIZE Btu/h/ft/°F W(m.°C) ½" ⅝" ¾" 1" .484 .516 .547 .711 .838 .892 .946 1.230 Certifications - Tested for health effects to ANSI/NSF standard 61 and performance to ANSI/NSF standard 14.
Appendix B Repair Coupling Wrap ViegaPEX® Repair Coupling Wrap 1 2 3 5 6 7 4 1. Press fitting as per Viega’s PEX Press Product Instructions. 2. Remove Tool Locator Rings to ensure a proper seal. 3. Leaving protective film in place, measure amount of tape required for sealing fitting by wrapping fitting completely. 4. Overlap by 1/2" to 1" to ensure proper seal 5. Cut required length of tape. 6. Carefully wrap fitting with tape, removing protective film as fitting is wrapped. 7.
Appendix C Climate Panel A.1 Introduction The Climate Panel provides the installer with an installation method that is applicable to a wide array of configurations, including new and retrofit floors and walls. It may be installed over slabs or wood subfloors and can provide a more dynamic heating response than in-slab systems.
A.2 Typical cross sections Hardwood Flooring Climate Panel: Screw or staple Climate Panels to the subfloor with 10 fasteners per panel. Climate Panel should run perpendicular to the direction of the hardwood floor. Tubing Spacing (per design) R-19 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code.
Carpet Pad: (suitable for radiant floor heating) For minimum height buildup, install carpet and pad directly over Climate Panels. Carpet Climate Panel: Screw or staple Climate Panels to the subfloor with 10 fasteners per panel. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. Tubing Spacing (per design) R-19 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
¼" to ⅛" Finish Plywood or Concrete Fiberboard: Glue and screw plywood or concrete fiberboard to Climate Panels. Linoleum or Vinyl Floor Climate Panel: Screw or staple Climate Panels to the subfloor with 10 fasteners per panel. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. Tubing Spacing (per design) R-19 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
Foam Pad Floating Flooring Tubing Spacing (per design) Concrete Slab: Slab must be level prior to Climate Panel installation. Foam Pad Compact Subgrade Figure A-2g Section through Climate Panel installation on existing slab with floating floor Hardwood Flooring Climate Panel: Screw or staple Climate Panels to the subfloor with 10 fasteners per panel. Climate Panel should run perpendicular to the direction of the hardwood floor. Concrete Slab: Slab must be level prior to Climate Panel installation.
Crack Isolation Membrane (Optional) ¼" to ⅜" Concrete Fiberboard: Glue and screw concrete fiberboard to Climate Panels. (Refer to crack isolation membrane manufacturer for additional requirements.) Tiles Climate Panel: Screw or staple Climate Panels to the subfloor with 10 fasteners per panel. Tubing Spacing (per design) Concrete Slab: Slab must be level prior to Climate Panel installation. Compact Subgrade ¾" Plywood: Stagger and fasten plywood to slab.
Wall Stud with Spacer Strip Wall Insulation Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Climate Panel: Screw Climate Panels to the studs on both sides of groove. Tubing Spacing (per design) NOTE: Install Climate Panel six rows high to avoid interference with window and picture placement. Gypsum ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. R-19: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
A.3 Creating a material list This chart is intended for conceptual purposes in developing an initial material list; there may be variations in each job. You may use Radiant Wizard to create a final material list. Products Net Heated Area (ft²) / " ViegaPEX Barrier Tubing Distribution System Tubing 5 16 7" Spacing 10" Spacing Groove Tube Silicone 0.02 7" Spacing 10" Spacing 7" Spacing 10" Spacing Panels ACPs Estimated Amount 1.9 1.4 5.4 5.4 Screws Staples Fasteners Multiplier 0.4 0.3 0.07 0.
A.5 Installation Before you start the installation, ensure that you have the proper tools for the job. • Installation (Power Tools) • 1. Radial arm chop saw (12" recommended), optional sliding arm recommended also (less than 12" will not chop through the 7" ACPs or the 10" panels completely) 2. Skil saw or portable table saw - for ripping down panels 3. Staple gun with hose and compressor (7/16"-½" crown by 1¼" or 1½") staples 4.
Step 1: Decide the proper direction of the Climate Panels. Tile finish floor If tiles will be installed over the Climate Panels, run the panels perpendicular to the floor joists. This stiffens the floor for a more stable tile installation. Aligning the ends of each panel to lie on a joist is optional, but will allow fasteners to attach panels, subfloor and joists together. Carpet or vinyl finish floor If the finish floor will be carpet, linoleum or vinyl, the direction of the Climate Panels is not critical.
Step 2: Because most rooms are not perfectly square, lines need to be chalked to ensure proper layout of the Climate Panels. Begin by chalking a line along the wall where the first row of panels will be laid out. The line should be 7¼" from the wall. Next, chalk lines along the walls where the U-turn strips will be laid out. One way to ensure that the chalk lines are perpendicular to each other is to use the right triangle rule (a2+b2=c2) also known as the 3, 4, 5 triangle.
Step 3: Start installing the Climate Panels. Begin laying out panels along chalked line. Use single panels to ensure they are lined up with the line. This row will act as a guide for the ACPs laid down afterward, allowing for faster installation. Be sure to fasten down row of single panels before you begin to lay out the ACPs. Start installing Climate Panels along the chalk line. Do not butt them against the wall because walls are not always straight or square.
Step 4: Stagger the Climate Panels. To begin ACP installation, cut an unopened bundle in half to create a straight edge to begin with. Be sure the ACP is completely flush with the first row already fastened down before you begin to fasten the ACPs. After the first row of ACPs has been laid out, begin to stagger seams. Use offcut from 1st row to start 2nd row and so on . Always stagger Climate Panel joints for both structural and alignment purposes.
Step 5: Install the Climate Panels then the U-turn strips. When laying down U-turn strips, be sure to first put down the aluminum sheets provided in each U-turn bundle. After the aluminum is laid out, align U-turn strips up with the correct tracks and fasten. Sometimes due to large expansion spaces or uneven walls, adjustments must be made in U-turns. Keep a distance of U-turn strip width for the next two rows of Climate Panels to insert a turnaround.
Step 6: Install the Climate Panels then the U-turns. Cut turnaround pieces in area shown at the same angle as the wall to maximize heated area while minimizing the area that needs to be filled in, especially along the exterior walls. Installation of U-Turn Strips You can also cut U-Turn strips into sections and customize the use of the strips Drill supply and return holes 1" x 2" long.
Turnaround Track for tubing Step 7: Install the Climate Panels one circuit at a time. Pex tubing Slightly misaligned Panels need to be trimmed to minimize chanceat of tubing To minimize the chance of damaging the tubing while installing, use a utility knife to nip any corners damage when being installed. turnarounds that did not line up perfectly.
The assembled Climate Panel (ACP) system serves two important functions: 1. The ACP units are a time- and labor-saving device. The hinged units of six panels can be spread out and interlocked quickly, dramatically decreasing installation time when installed over a plywood subfloor. 2. The ACP system can be installed over existing concrete slabs as a floating floor system. *When floating the panels, tape joints in between ACPs.
Step 8: After Climate Panels and U-turn strips are installed, vacuum groove out thoroughly just prior to installing tubing. If trapped in the groove, any debris, screws, nails, etc, will damage the tubing and keep it from lying flush with the top surface. When penetrating the floor, use a plastic elbow sleeve: 1. Figure the leader length of the supply line to the manifold area. 2. Feed leader length through plastic elbow sleeve. (Be careful not to scratch the tubing in the process.
Appendix D In-Slab Systems B.1 Introduction In-slab systems are an excellent choice for garages, workshops, basements, thin-slab installations and any other application where slabs are 10,000 ft2 or less. For larger installations, consider specification of Climate Mat. B.2 Typical cross sections Installers may select from a variety of fasteners when installing in-slab systems, including Rapid Grid, Snap Panel, wire mesh clips, plastic zip ties, U-channels, plywood staples and foam staples.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Snap Panel: Check with local code to see if Snap Panel is an acceptable vapor barrier. Gravel Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. (Ensure compression rating is suitable for application).
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Plastic Clip for Foam Board: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Gravel Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Gravel Staples for Foam Board: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Gravel Staples for Foam Board: Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
Hardwood Flooring 1½" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of thin-slab over ViegaPEX tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Sleeper Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Sealant for Gypsum or Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) for concrete Floor Joist ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code.
Carpet Carpet Pad: (suitable for radiant floor heating) 1½" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of thin-slab over ViegaPEX tubing Sealant for Gypsum or Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) for concrete Floor Joist ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. Tubing Spacing (per design) ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created.
Floating Flooring Tubing Spacing (per design) Foam Pad ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. 4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Wire Mesh Gravel Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.) R-5 Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
Carpet Pad: (suitable for radiant floor heating) Carpet Tubing Spacing (per design) ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. 4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Wire Mesh Gravel Fasten tubing every 2 feet and 3 times at each U-turn to hold down any return bends or other shapes created. Compact Subgrade Polyethylene Film: 6 mil (min.
B.3 Creating a material list The chart below is intended for conceptual purposes in developing an initial material list; there may be variations in each job. You may use Radiant Wizard to create a final material list. Suspended Slabs and Thin Slab • Calculate the net heated area. • Use charts to make an initial materials list for the net area to be heated. Concrete System Tubing Estimator Net. ViegaPEX Barrier / Estimated Heated Multiplier FostaPEX Tubing Amount Area 6" Spacing 2.2 9" Spacing 1.
B.4 Layout planning To avoid waste and to have equal circuit lengths, a carefully planned layout should be done. First, determine where the manifold should be installed. Remember the manifold must be accessible. When calculating the number of circuits, always round up. Keep the length of each circuit in the same room equal. For tubing layout around joints in concrete, refer to Section 4.1.2, Handling and protecting tubing.
B.5 Installation Step 1. Installing the insulation Ensure that adequate insulation is installed under the slab and at the perimeter, as required based on the job’s climate zone. See Section 2.2 for residential recommendations and Section 3.2 for commercial recommendations. When using foam board to insulate under slabs, weigh down the boards to prevent wind uplift. In some jobs this can be done by installing wire mesh as soon as foam boards are placed. Step 2.
B.5.1 Rapid Grid considerations Installation of the Rapid Grid panel 1. Using a box cutter or key hole saw, remove the tongue portion of the interlock from both the 4' and 2' dimensions; every time a panel touches a concrete wall the tongue should be removed so that a full 2" of insulation is in contact with the concrete. 2. Place a full panel in the upper left corner of the north wall; it is usually easiest to work from left to right. 3.
3. Make sure the tubing is fully inserted in the panel and seated against the upper knobs before making a corner or beginning or continuing a run. NOTE: The use of foam staples is not required for the installation of tubing in this product. However, you may find them useful in preventing the tubing from lifting at offsets or return bends. Foam staples can be installed by hand or with the use of a Viega foam staple gun.
Installation Step 1. Snap Panel can be installed in any orientation. The illustrations above show Snap Panels being installed in two different manners; either is correct. Snap Panel should be run in the direction that creates less cutting waste. Step 2. Offset Snap Panel seams to help lock the floor together and prevent shifting while installing the ViegaPEX Barrier tubing. Use a utility knife to cut panels. Step 3. Overlap the Snap Panel edges to use as a vapor barrier.
Step 4. ½" ViegaPEX Barrier tubing can be walked into the Snap Panel. Tubing can be installed in any direction in multiples of 3". Step 5. Start by installing tubing on the perimeter of the room. If there are any exterior walls, start in those areas first. Work the loops inward and back to the manifold. NOTE: If concrete is not to be poured immediately upon installation of Snap Panel, care should be taken to protect the installation from lifting due to adverse weather conditions.
Appendix E Climate Trak C.1 Overview Climate Traks and Heat Transfer Plates are designed for retrofit applications or in applications where the buildup above the subfloor is a concern. These types of applications are not the most efficient kind of radiant heating systems but deliver the comfort of having warm floors and full radiant heating throughout the house. Both methods utilize ViegaPEX Barrier tubing and attach directly to the underside of the subfloor.
Climate Trak: 3½" x 48" or 96" L have a 1" gap between Climate Traks, install 1½" off joist 6" Off Wall Insulation Blocking Exterior Wall NOTE: Stop Trak installation 12" to 16" before bend. Ensure turns are not secured. Interior Wall 8" Spacing (per design) Return Figure C-1b Joist space layout -- Climate Trak Supply Be sure to check with local building codes to ensure no structural damage will occur due to drilling the joists. Use 1¼" holes at min. 3" from the subfloor to avoid floor nails.
Hardwood Flooring R-19 Insulation: Use a Foil Face or Radiant Barrier to keep a 1" to 2" air gap between the insulation and the Traks. Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Tubing Spacing (per design) NOTE: Stop Trak installation 12" to 16" before bend. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code.
Carpet Carpet Pad (suitable for radiant floor heating) Tubing Spacing (per design) NOTE: Stop Trak installation 12" to 16" before bend. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. R-19 Insulation: Use a Foil Face or Radiant Barrier to keep a 1" to 2" air gap between the insulation and the Traks. Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
Insulation Blocking Tubing Spacing (per design) Exterior Wall Member NOTE: Stop plate installation 12" to 16" before bend. Minimum 6" distance off wall. Ensure turns are not secured. Floor Joist Heat Transfer Plate: 5"W x 19"L have a 1" gap between Climate Traks, install 1½" off the joist Return Be sure to check with local building codes to ensure no structural damage will occur due to drilling the joists. Use 1¼" holes at min. 3" from the subfloor to avoid floor nails.
Foil Face or Radiant Barrier: Keep a 1" to 2" air gap. ¾" Plywood Subfloor Floor Joist Heat Transfer Plate 8" Spacing (per design) R-19: Refer to local code for insulation requirements. Figure C-1j Joist space section — heat transfer plate Tubing Spacing (per design) Hardwood Flooring NOTE: Stop Heat Transfer Plate 12" to 16" before bend. R-19 Insulation: Use a Foil Face or Radiant Barrier to keep a 1" to 2" air gap between the insulation and the Traks.
Tiles Crack Isolation Membrane (optional) Tubing Spacing (per design) Refer to TCNA installation guidelines for underlayment requirements. NOTE: Stop Heat Transfer Plate installation 12" to 16" before bend. ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code.
NOTE: Stop Heat Transfer Plate installation 12" to 16" before bend. Tubing Spacing (per design) Linoleum or Vinyl Floor ¾" Plywood Subfloor: The thickness of the plywood subfloor should always be installed in accordance with the local building code. R-19 Insulation: Use a Foil Face or Radiant Barrier to keep a 1" to 2" air gap between the insulation and the Traks. Refer to local code for insulation requirements.
C.2 Creating a material list This chart is intended for conceptual purposes in developing an initial material list; there may be variations in each job. You may use Radiant Wizard to create a final material list. Net Heated Area (ft²) Products Distribution System Tubing Multiplier Estimated Amount 2.2 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.85 0.75 4.6 4.6 0.02 0.47 0.23 0.35 0.18 0.31 0.16 0.23 0.12 0.18 0.09 0.16 0.08 0.92 0.70 0.62 0.47 0.35 0.
C.3 Layout planning Place the Traks for the most even heat distribution. Dimensions in drawing are based on standard 2"x8", 2"x10" or 2"x12" floor joists on 16" centers. Adjust spacing as needed when using engineered joists or different spacing. 1½" 1½" 3½" 4½" 3½" 3½" 1½" 1½" Avoiding obstructions It is important not to install the Traks around objects that will restrict the tubing from being installed into the Traks.
C.4 Installation Before you start the installation, ensure that you have the proper tools for the job. • Installation (Power Tools) • 1. Staple gun with swivel connected hose (staples 7⁄16" to ½" crown by ¾" to 1") 2. Compressor (1.5-2 hp) 3. Radial arm chop saw - for cutting Traks 4. Right-angle drill with bit kit (1¼") - for drilling joists 5. Palm hammer (medium plastic hammer tip) 6. Screw gun (¾" to 1" tech screws) 7. Nail grinder (4½") • Installation (Hand Tools) • 1.
Step 1: Clearing the bays If support crosses can be easily removed, take them out to clear bays for easier installation of the plates and Traks. If crosses are unable to be removed, DO NOT drop tubing below them and resume on the other side; install both plates and tubing above crosses so that no area is lost. Nails must be removed from bays; cut them, grind them or carefully bend them over. Be careful not to damage the finished floor above. (When cutting nails, be sure to wear safety glasses.
Step 2: Drilling tubing holes Determine where the manifold will be located and which end of the bays the tubing will be returning down. Use a right-angle drill with a 1¼" bit to drill a series of holes through each floor joist on the return end. Keep holes at least 3" from the subfloor to avoid floor nails. To maintain structure integrity it is recommended to drill the holes in the center of the floor joist. Map out the circuits and determine which bays go to which circuits.
Step 3: Attaching the Traks/plates Start attaching the Traks via staples or zip screws (staples 7⁄16" to ½" crown by ¾" to 1", depending upon subfloor thickness; putting in 18 to 20 staples for an 8-ft. piece and 10 to 12 staples for a 4-ft. piece; zip screws ¾" to 1", depending on subfloor thickness). Begin attaching Traks 8" to 10" from the closest hole that was drilled to allow ample room for tubing to turn.
Step 4: Installing the tubing Begin to make non-stressful (teardrop) type loops for each of the bays, keeping loops small and manageable.
Step 5: Installing the tubing Continue making the “teardrop” loops, being sure not to install any of the tubing into the Traks yet. Keep loops fairly small and manageable to prevent twisting while keeping the loops easy to transfer tubing through.
Step 6: Installing the tubing Transfer tubing from the decoiler through loops until there is enough tubing to fill the final bay and make the run back to the manifold using the second set of drilled holes.
Step 7: Installing the tubing Once the final bay is installed, transfer tubing from coil to fill next bay and so on. NOTE: Tubing can be installed into Traks using a rubber mallet or a palm hammer with a medium plastic tip.
Step 8: Installing the tubing Continue transferring the tubing through the loops, finishing one bay at a time.
Step 9: Insulation Insulation should always be used in a staple-up radiant installation. Ideally there should be a 1" to 2" air gap in between the insulation and the Traks/plates. However, the air gap should only be left if that space is considered a dead air space (absolutely no air current through it, whether it be from an outside wall, from below or through holes in the subfloor).
Appendix F Climate Mat Climate Mat is a module of pre-configured, scalable and pre-pressurized circuits of ViegaPEX Barrier tubing that rolls out easily, allowing installers to cover large areas of flooring faster and more efficiently than traditional floor systems. Climate Mat is provided for commercial applications of 10,000 ft2 or greater. D.1 Components Each Climate Mat is composed of ViegaPEX Barrier tubing arranged in a serpentine pattern.
4" Concrete Slab: Minimum ¾" height of concrete over ViegaPEX tubing Tubing Spacing (per design) R-5 Edge Insulation: Refer to the design manual, installation manual or CSA B214 for minimum insulation required. Gravel ViegaPEX Tubing: Keep 4" from wall. Compact Subgrade Climate Mat: Secure with fastener best suited for application.
D.2.2 Off-loading and storing the mats Climate Mats are typically delivered to the site stacked vertically on a pallet, and wrapped in cardboard and plastic shrink wrap for protection during shipping. Unload the mats with care, and ensure that all tubing and fittings are stored in a flat, dry, well-ventilated location that is protected from UV exposure. UV exposure must never exceed 6 months.
Heavy equipment must not be operated on top of the tubing, so consider this when determining how many Climate Mats to roll out at any one time. For example, if the concrete installation will require heavy equipment to be driven on the sub-base, the Climate Mats will need to be rolled out in stages. In this case, the number of Climate Mats that can be installed at any one time will depend on the length of the chute on the concrete trucks, which is generally less than 20 feet.
D.3.2 Repairing tubing If tubing is kinked or punctured, it can be easily and effectively repaired on-site. Tubing punctures must be repaired using ViegaPEX press couplings. To comply with the Viega Climate Mat warranty, in-slab couplings must be wrapped with repair coupling wrap to protect the fittings from exposure to concrete. A small tubing puncture may be repaired with only one coupling, if there is sufficient slack in the undamaged tubing that can be pulled from the nearest U-bend.
D.3.5 Sleeving expansion joints and slab penetrations Tubing must be sleeved at all concrete expansion joints and slab penetrations. For the penetration of leaders at manifold locations, slide each leader’s factory-installed sleeve until it is in position. For expansion joints and slab penetrations, see Section 4.1.2, Handling and protecting tubing. Figure D-10 Fastening to foam insulation: Use at least two foam staples to anchor each spacer strip. Staple tubing close to each spacer strip. D.3.
At least ¾" of concrete should be maintained between the top of the Climate Mat and the top of the slab. If shelving or other slab anchors will be installed after the concrete slab is poured, ensure that the slab and anchors will be designed to leave at least ¾" clearance between the top of the Climate Mat and the bottom of any anchor pilot holes. If installing Climate Mat in a gypsum concrete slab (e.g. slab on slab), the minimum slab depth must be at least 1½". D.4 Startup D.4.
Manifold Cabinet Dimensions Stock Code Outside Dimension WxHxD Inside Dimension WxHxD 15800 22⅝" x 31¼" x 4½" 21" x 28" x 4½" 15801 28⅝" x 31½" x 4½" 27" x 28" x 4½" 15802 46" x 31¼" x 4½" 45" x 28" x 4½" Table D-1 1-1/4" Stainless Steel Manifold Dimensional Information Stock Code Interior box dimension Exterior box dimension 1¼" stainless steel manifold with no accessories 1¼" stainless steel manifold with ball valve set 1¼" stainless steel manifold with ball valve set and adapters for flo
Appendix G R-values of coverings Building Board Gypsum or Plaster Board Plywood Particleboard, low density Particleboard, medium density Particleboard, high density Waferboard Wood subfloor Cement board Tile Ceramic Tile Marble Granite Slate Linoleum or Vinyl Rubber, hard Cork Tile Carpet Pad Waffled Sponge Rubber Synthetic Jute Bonded Urethane, 4-lb Density Bonded Urethane, 8-lb Density Prime Urethane, 2.
Appendix H Btu output tables This appendix contains charts that show the relationship between heating load supplied by radiant floors (Btu/hr/ft2 of floor area) and the supply water temperature to the floor, based on the R-value of floor coverings. Tables are provided for floor applications (thin-slab, slab on grade, Climate Panels, Climate Trak and Heat Transfer Plates). To use the tables, follow this procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. Determine the floor type and tubing spacing. Determine the finish floor’s (e.g.
Slab on Grade Upward Heat Flux (Btu/hr/ft²) Tw (°F) Rff=0 Rff=0.5 6" o.c. 9" o.c. 12" o.c. 6" o.c. 80 13.6 12.0 10.6 8.5 85 19.2 17.0 15.0 12.1 90 24.9 22.0 19.4 15.6 95 30.5 27.0 23.8 19.2 100 36.2 32.0 28.2 105 41.8 37.0 32.6 110 47.5 42.0 115 53.1 47.0 120 58.8 125 130 9" o.c. Rff=1.0 Rff=1.5 Rff=2.0 12" o.c. 6" o.c. 9" o.c. 12" o.c. 6" o.c. 9" o.c. 12" o.c. 6" o.c. 9" o.c. 12" o.c. 8.0 7.4 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.8 11.4 10.
Climate Panel Upward Heat Flux (Btu/hr/ft²) Tw (°F) Rff=0.5 7" o.c. Rff=1.0 10" o.c. 7" o.c. Rff=1.5 10" o.c. 7" o.c. Rff=2.0 10" o.c. 7" o.c. 10" o.c. 80 5.8 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.0 3.7 3.1 2.9 85 8.2 7.7 7.0 6.5 5.6 5.3 4.4 4.1 90 10.6 9.9 9.0 8.4 7.3 6.8 5.7 5.3 95 13.0 12.2 11.1 10.3 8.9 8.4 7.0 6.5 100 15.4 14.4 13.1 12.2 10.6 9.9 8.3 7.7 105 17.8 16.7 15.2 14.1 12.2 11.5 9.6 8.9 110 20.2 18.9 17.2 16.0 13.9 13.0 10.9 10.1 11.3 115 22.
Appendix I Glossary Air Changes: The rate of air leakage into a building: One air change per hour means the entire volume of air in the building is replaced with outside air each hour.44 Btu, British Thermal Unit: The amount of energy required to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.44 Cavitation: The formation of vapor pockets when the pressure on a liquid drops below its vapor pressure. Cavitation is very undesirable in circulators.
(furnaces, water heaters, dryers, etc.) contained within the conditioned space or, if so, they are to be of the direct-vent variety. The house does not have powerful range hoods (i.e., 150 CFM or greater). (A high-power hood that has its own source of makeup air is acceptable.)Fireplaces, if any, receive combustion air from the outdoors and have tight glass doors.
Secondary Piping: Piping that is either directly connected to primary piping or originates off manifolds fed by primary piping, but is not located within a radiant emitter. Series Piping: Piping that connects manifolds or radiant emitters from end-to-end, creating one continuous loop. Snow-Free Area Ratio (Ar): The ratio of the surface area where no accumulation takes place during snowfall versus the total area of the surface.
References Excerpts from CSA Group, B214-12 With the permission of the Canadian Standards Association (operating as CSA Group), material is reproduced from CSA Group standard, B214-12, “Installation Code For Hydronic Heating Systems” which is copyrighted by CSA Group, 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga ON, L4W 5N6. This material is not the complete and official position of CSA Group on the referenced subject, which is represented solely by the standard in its entirety.
Notes IM-PR 566442 1114 (Design Manual) 209
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