Guide

Simple Machines & Motion
This unit focuses on the most basic building blocks of design, simple machines, and motion.
The basic knowledge of simple machines and motion allows students to better understand how
things work, provides a foundation for designing mechanisms, and is the rst step in learning the
principles of mechanical design.
Simple Machines
Simple Machines are tools used to make work easier. In science, work is defined as a force
acting on an object to move it across a distance. Pushing, pulling, and lifting are common forms
of work. A force is any push or pull that causes an object to change its position (movement),
direction, or shape.
The Six Types of Simple Machines:
Wheel & Axle - Makes work easier by moving objects across distances. The wheel (or round end)
turns with the axle (or cylindrical post) causing movement. On a wagon, for example, a container
rests on top of the axle.
Inclined Plane - A at surface (or plane) that is slanted, or inclined, so it can help move objects
across distances. A common inclined plane is a ramp.
Wedge - Instead of using the smooth side of the inclined plane to make work easier, you can also
use the pointed edges to do other kinds of work. When you use the edge to push things apart, this
movable inclined plane is called a wedge. An ax blade is one example of a wedge.
Lever - Any tool that pries something loose is a lever. Levers can also lift objects. A lever is an arm
that “pivots” (or turns) against a fulcrum (the point or support on which a lever pivots). Think of the
claw end of a hammer that you use to pry nails loose; it’s a lever. A see-saw is also a lever.
D.2
D.3
Inclined Plane
Screw
Lever
Pulley
Wedge
Wheel and Axle