Automatic Weather Station MAWS201 USER'S GUIDE M210630EN-B June 2005
PUBLISHED BY Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1 P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227 FIN-00421 Helsinki Finland Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/ © Vaisala 2005 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third party without prior written permission of the copyright holder. The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Contents of This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 General Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ RS-485 Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Introduction to DSI485A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Introduction to DSI486 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Modem Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 UHF Radio Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Installing MAWS Basic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Installing MAWS201 Tripod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Installing Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Installing Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Installing a QMP Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Mains Power Supply QMP213 . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Aligning Wind Vane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Using winddircal0 Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Using Compass and Reference Point . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Setting Up Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Quick Start Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 Establishing Terminal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Cable Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Updating Software to the Logger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Copying a New MAWS Software with Loader Program . . 164 Copying a New MAWS Software from Compact Flash Memory Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Spare Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Visual Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 Determining MAWS Operation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Establishing Terminal Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Recording Terminal Connection Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Opening Service Connection Through MAWS . . . . . . . . .190 Connection Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 AWS Logger QML201 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Internal Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Solar Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
________________________________________________________________________________ Leaf Wetness Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255 Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION This chapter provides general notes for the product and this manual. About This Manual This manual provides information for Vaisala HydroMet™ Automatic Weather Station MAWS201 equipped with meteorological and/or hydrological sensors.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ - Chapter 6, Maintenance: This chapter provides information that is needed in the basic maintenance of MAWS, sensors, and accessories. - Chapter 7, Troubleshooting: This section consists of some common MAWS problems, their probable causes, and remedies. - Chapter 8, Technical Data: This chapter provides the technical data of MAWS and its sensors.
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information Product Related Safety Precautions MAWS has been tested for safety and approved as shipped from the factory. The following safety precautions are not related to any specific procedures and therefore do not appear elsewhere in this manual. They are recommended precautions that personnel must understand and apply during different phases of operation and maintenance. WARNING Keep away from live circuits.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ WARNING Be careful when erecting the mast. See that there are no power lines or other obstacles above the mast. WARNING Secure the mast properly to prevent it from falling. Tighten all the adjustment screws securely. CAUTION Do not make changes to the wiring. Incorrect wiring can damage the device and prevent it from operating correctly. CAUTION Be careful when moving the mast.
Chapter 1 ________________________________________________________ General Information Recycling Recycle all applicable material. Dispose of batteries and the unit according to statutory regulations. Do not dispose of with regular household refuse. Trademarks Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows NT®, and Windows® 2000 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. License Agreement All rights to any software are held by Vaisala or third parties.
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Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview CHAPTER 2 PRODUCT OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the features, accessories, sensors, and the product nomenclature. Vaisala HydroMet™ Systems include compact stations that can be used either with a portable tripod or with pole masts of different heights in fixed installations.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 1 0406-045 Components of the MAWS201 Station The following numbers refer to Figure 1 on page 16: 1 = Wind Sensor 2 = Wind Mast 3 = Rain Gauge 4 = Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor with radiation shield 5 = Sensor Arm 6 = Solar Radiation Sensor 7 = Tube that includes the logger, rechargeable internal battery, and optionally Pressure Sensor 8 = Solar panel for generating current for
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 2 0505-241 Components of the MAWS201 Station with Weather Transmitter The following numbers refer to Figure 2 on page 17: 1 = Weather Transmitter 2 = Wind Mast 3 = Sensor Arm 4 = Solar Radiation Sensor 5 = Tube that includes the logger, rechargeable internal battery, and optionally Pressure Sensor 6 = Solar panel for generating current for recharging the internal battery In addition to the numbe
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The appearance of the solar panel in your MAWS may differ from the one in the figures. Product Nomenclature The following tables provide the equipment nomenclature.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Table 4 Sensor Options Code Common Name DTR502 ECH2O-M3 HMP45D Radiation shield for HMP45D Soil moisture sensor Air temperature and relative humidity sensor (referred to as QMH101 when connected to MAWS) Soil moisture sensor Pressure sensor Water level sensor Fuel moisture sensor Leaf wetness sensor See HMP45D Net solar radiation sensor Rain gauge (on sensor arm) Rain gauge (stand-alone) Global solar radiation sensor
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ AWS Logger Figure 3 0312-024 AWS Logger QML201 QML201 is a complete AWS logger designed on one printed board only. This board contains a 32-bit Motorola CPU for data processing and 10 differential (20 single ended) analog sensor inputs (these can also be used as digital inputs). Moreover, there are two frequency sensor interfaces, a 16 bit A/D converter, 1.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 4 0401-246 AWS Logger QML201 without Cover The following numbers refer to Figure 4 on page 21: 1 = Place for the internal battery 2 = Reset button (under the bracket) 3 = Lithium battery for RTC 4 = Communication module places MOD1 and MOD2 5 = Status LED 6 = SPI connector 7 = Pressure sensor connector 8 = CF Card connector The logger is equipped with CF card slot for logging a large amoun
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ usage of industrial grade CF cards from Sandisk, which have been tested to function in harsh environments. Figure 5 0105-004 Compact Flash Memory Card Readers Optional modules include, for example, various communication modules, and built-in pressure transducer. MAWS is a low-power system. The logger consumes less than 10 mA from a 6 V battery (5 mA from a 12 V battery).
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Backup capacity with average power consumption of 10 mA (basic set of 5 sensors, 10 min measuring interval) is 130 hours. The battery can be charged with the logger. NOTE When a 12 V backup battery is used, it is recommended that QMB101 is disconnected by removing the red battery connector from the CPU. This way the current consumption will be reduced when the charging circuits of QMB101 are not in use.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ MAWS Software Operating Software The embedded operating software runs in the AWS logger. Access to the operating software commands can be gained using the MAWS Terminal. MAWS Terminal MAWS Terminal is the terminal software for working with the MAWS stations. MAWS stations measure sensor data and store it in log files. With the MAWS Terminal software, you can download these files to your PC and view them.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview define the necessary measurements and the calculations derived from them. Finally, you define reports and log groups from the measurement results. The setup file on your PC is finally generated, in other words, converted into a format that MAWS understands, and then transferred into MAWS and taken into use.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ QMM110 Figure 8 0201-013 QMM110 Carry Case Set The Basic Set QMM110 consists of one hard case for the sensors and accessories, and one soft canvas case for the tripod, solar panel, wind mast, as well as hammer and ground pegs.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Mains Power Supply Figure 10 0201-006 Mains Power Supply QMP213 QMP213 is an outdoors power supply for installations where the AC power is available. It has a weatherproof enclosure made of durable, UV-resistant poly carbonate reinforced with glass fiber. The enclosure's environmental specification is IP66.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Solar/Mains Power Supply Figure 11 0201-007 Solar/Mains Power Supply QMP201C QMP201C is a power supply for installations where a lot of power and back-up capacity are needed. Additionally, QMPC201C can provide 12 V supply voltage required, for example, for the optional radio modem set. QMP201C includes the following internal modules: 12 W solar panel, battery regulator, mains power supply, and 7 Ah back-up battery.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 12 0105-007 Battery Regulator QBR101B The maximum charging current can be set by the internal jumper settings from 0.5 to 2.5 A being applicable for battery capacity of 4 to 72 Ah. The self-consumption from the battery is very low, less than 0.2 mA. The LED lamps are also included, they indicate the conditions. In order to maximize autonomy time, the lamps are activated only while the ON button is bushed.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Solar Panel SOLAR6 Figure 13 0201-005 Solar Panel SOLAR6 SOLAR6 is a 6 W solar panel, see Figure 13 on page 30. The angle of the panel is adjustable. The SOLAR6 solar panel contains 18 high efficiency polycrystalline silicon cells in series optimized for the specific voltage demand. The solar panel’s cells are protected from dirt, moisture and impact by a tough fluoropolymer front film.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 14 0403-106 Communication Module DSU232 RS-485 Modules Introduction to DSI485A Figure 15 0403-107 Isolated Communication Module DSI485A DSI485A is an isolated communication module for providing the 2-wire or 4-wire RS-485-communication link between two devices with a similar interface.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Introduction to DSI486 Figure 16 0403-108 Dual-Isolated Communication Module DSI486 DSI486 is a dual-isolated communication module, which can be used in the RS-232, RS-485, or SDI-12 mode. The communication mode is selected by the correct wiring of the I/O pins and with the correct jumper settings on the board.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Modem Module The DMX501 modem module is used for providing long distance fixed line connection between two Vaisala devices with a similar interface. It is used when the distance is up to 10 km, for example, between MAWS and Digital Display, or between Ceilometer CT25K and MAWS. Through this I/O port, a remote location can send reports and data or the host can poll them.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ UHF Radio Modem Figure 18 0201-011 UHF Radio Modem SATELLINE 3AS The SATELLINE 3AS UHF radio modem is a half-duplex radio modem suitable for high-speed data applications. This radio modem offers high speed data transmission up to 40 km Line-Of-Sight (LOS). As a UHF radio modem, it provides the data speeds 19200 bps at 25 kHz and 9600 bps at 12.5 kHz in the air.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Using the in-built functions in the Satelline 3AS radio modems, two different types of repeater operations can be built: 1. The weather station having the radio modem will function as a repeater for a group of other stations 2. The radio modem alone installed in an enclosure with proper powering can function as independent repeater for a group of weather stations.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Combined Wind Sensor Figure 20 0401-255 Combined Wind Sensor The following numbers refer to Figure 20 on page 36: 1 = Cup wheel assembly 2 = Vane assembly 3 = Sensor compartment Combined Wind Sensor is the compact sized instrument with the wind speed and direction sensors integrated into one unit. A single compact sensor is ideal for low-power applications.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview WMS302 has a two-wiper type potentiometer to overcome the wind direction discontinuity. However, a more complex voltage-to-direction conversion process is needed. Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Figure 21 0401-188 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor The Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor is based on Vaisala’s field-proven HMP45D probe and comes with a special cable and connector.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The silicon capacitive pressure sensor PMT16A has excellent accuracy, repeatability and long-term stability over a wide range of operating temperatures. Therefore, it maintains its accuracy and calibration for long periods of time, thus reducing the need for field calibrations.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Figure 24 0105-016 Rain Gauge QMR102 An aerodynamically shaped rain gauge, Precipitation Sensor QMR102 is designed to minimize the wind-originated airflow reducing the catch. Manufactured from UV radiation resistant plastic, that makes it a very rugged instrument. The collected rain is measured in a well-proven tipping bucket mechanism of 0.2 millimeters.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ diffuser, its sensitivity is proportional to the cosine of the angle of incidence of the radiation, thus allowing accurate and consistent measurements. QMS101 has a ready-made cable with a connector, and it is easily installed on the sensor support arm. Figure 26 0105-021 QMS102 Pyranometer QMS102 Pyranometer is an ISO/WMO-classified second class pyranometer.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview incoming and outgoing radiation in outdoor conditions. The sensor measures solar and far infra-red radiation balance. The sensor is based on a thermopile and it consists of two Tefloncoated, weather-resistant black conical absorbers. The voltage output is proportional to the net radiation. Contrary to common instruments, QMN101 is virtually maintenance-free as it does not require fragile plastic domes.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil Temperature Sensor Figure 29 0106-041 Soil Temperature Sensor QMT107 Soil Temperature Sensor QMT107 is designed for the measurement of soil temperature and temperature profiles as a function of depth. Temperature measurement is based on resistive platinum sensors (Pt100). There are seven temperature probes located inside the sensor.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Soil Moisture Sensor Figure 30 0105-026 Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x features a new technique with the accuracy of ±2 % soil moisture. The ML2x sensors offer high accuracy and extended lifetime in permanent or temporary measurements of soil moisture. Traditional low cost sensors made of gypsum block dissolve even in a short period of time when exposed to high moisture.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil Moisture Sensor Figure 31 0406-050 Soil Moisture Sensor ECH2O-M3 The ECH2O-M3 probe is a low-cost sensor for measuring volumetric water content of soil and other porous materials. It uses capacitance to measure the dielectric permittivity of the surrounding medium.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview Submersible Water Level Sensor Figure 32 0406-051 Submersible Water Level Sensor PR-36W Submersible Water Level Sensor PR-36W determines the water level by measuring the water pressure above the submerged sensor in reservoirs, lakes and rivers. The PR-36W pressure sensor is a high stability piezoresistive device designed for use in transmitters, where accuracy and stability are essential.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Leaf Wetness Sensor Figure 33 0401-176 Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 enables data logger to detect the presence of surface moisture on foliage and calculate the duration of wetness. When moisture is present, the sensor detects an electrical resistance change between the gold-plated elements of the grid.
Chapter 2 __________________________________________________________ Product Overview sensor measures the moisture content of the dowel by its electrical capacitance. A thermistor, located in the dowel where it fastens to the base, measures the temperature of the dowel giving the estimated temperature on the forest floor.
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Chapter 3 _________________________________________________________ Selecting Location CHAPTER 3 SELECTING LOCATION This chapter provides information on siting the station and the sensors correctly. Siting the Station Finding a suitable site for the weather station is important for getting representative ambient measurements. Normally, the suitable site should represent the general area of interest. When locating the weather station, consider the items presented in the sections for each sensor.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 35 0212-221 Recommended Mast Location in Open Area The recommended minimum length (h in Figure 36 on page 50) for the mast that is installed on the top of a building is 1.5 times the height of the building (H). When the diagonal (W) is less than the height (H) the minimum length of the mast is 1.5 × W.
Chapter 3 _________________________________________________________ Selecting Location Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Finding a suitable site for the Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor is important for getting representative ambient measurements. The site should represent the general area of interest. NOTE The radiation shield is important in protecting the sensor from direct sunlight and must always be used. The recommended height for the sensor is from 1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ vice versa) to avoid other objects shading the sensor. To facilitate leveling/cleaning, installing at a height of 3 m (10 ft.) or less is recommended. Net Solar Radiation Sensor Finding a suitable site for the product is important for getting representative ambient measurements. The site should represent the general area of interest.
Chapter 3 _________________________________________________________ Selecting Location - Earth worm holes or mole holes - Subsoil drainage - Small scale variability in transpiration and evaporation losses. It is important to take the degree of variability of these parameters into account when deciding on the number of probes to be used at any particular location. If the soil is known to be very heterogeneous, it will be necessary to take measurements from at least three closely-spaced locations.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Example 2: In dry season the riverbed is dry and in rain season the ultimate water level is 7 meters (23 ft.). Suitable sensor would be with 10-meter (32.8 ft.) range. If interested values start after water level is greater than 3 meters (9.8 ft.), it is possible to use 5-meter (16.4 ft.) version and install it to 3 meters (9.8 ft.) from ground.
Chapter 3 _________________________________________________________ Selecting Location Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor Finding a suitable site for the fuel moisture sensor is important for getting representative ambient measurements. The site should represent the general area of interest. You should install the fuel moisture sensor 0.3 m (1 ft.) above the forest floor and orient the sensor parallel to the ground.
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Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION This chapter describes how to install MAWS and the accessories and sensors connected to it. For the installation instructions of the MAWS Terminal software and the setup software MAWS Lizard, see the MAWS Lizard User's Guide. Preparing Installation Make sure you have all the necessary tools at hand.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Unpacking Instructions When you have received the delivery, first see that you have all the ordered components. Secondly, check the sensors. Make sure that they have not been damaged during transportation. User manuals and special tools included in the packages should be stored in a safe place for later use. The logger electronics are attached to the railing inside the tube.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation NOTE The figures in this procedure present installing MAWS201. In case you are installing MAWS101, you do not have any of the tripod's parts attached as shown in some of the figures. 1. Loosen the hand screw (number 1 in Figure 38 on page 59) beneath the tube. Slide the tube down to expose the logger. Figure 38 0404-027 2. Remove the logger cover screw (number 1 in Figure 39 on page 59) to open the logger housing.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ cover at least 5 mm of the outlet. Make sure that the tube is not blocked or bent during the transportation. Figure 40 0201-019 4. Pressure Sensor Tube Connection The internal battery should always be installed when the weather station is in operation. The battery supplies backup power to the station and is needed for keeping the time and date information.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 41 0201-020 5. Battery Connectors To install the additional Internal Battery, follow the procedure below: a. 0402-024 b. Bend the metal clip (number 2 in Figure 42 on page 61) at the top to hold the battery in its compartment. Figure 42 Additional Internal Battery Installed Install the battery on the DIN-rail below the logger.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ CAUTION Make sure that the pressure vent tube does not get blocked or bent 6. c. Connect the wires from the battery to the Power connector (number 1 in Figure 42 on page 61): the black wire to the GND connector and the red wire to the Batt connector. d. After the installation is finalized, open the MAWS Terminal software. In the Tools menu, select Station Settings to change the capacity of the internal battery from 1.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation 7. Normally the tripod is fully assembled at the factory, but when not, attach the leg fasteners (number 1 in Figure 45 on page 63) to the upper base. Lock the leg (2) to the leg fastener with a bolt (3). Figure 45 0201-027 8. Attach the wind sensor adapter to the top of the wind/telescope mast (if not already attached). Tighten with the small hex screw (number 1 in Figure 46 on page 63).
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 47 0406-047 Sensor Arm Support Attachment Installing MAWS201 Tripod MAWS201 always has a tripod for supporting the logger tube, as well as one or more sensor arms that are connected to the tube. The legs of the tripod are adjustable. The pegs should be used to prevent the tripod from collapsing. For the wind sensor installation there is the wind mast or telescope mast attached to the upper base of the logger tube.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 48 0312-002 Mechanical Structure of MAWS201 The following numbers refer to Figure 48 on page 65: 1 = Wind sensor 2 = Plastic collar 3 = Mounting piece 4 = Wind mast / Telescopic mast 5 = Protection cover 6 = Tube 7 = Support tube 8 = Radiation shield VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 65
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 9 = Sensor arm 10 = Hand screw 11 = Telescopic leg 12 = Locking ring and hand screw 13 = Pressure port 14 = Support bar 15 = Ground peg Installing Power Supply Installing Solar Panel WARNING Photovoltaic modules generate direct current (DC) when exposed to sunlight or other sources of light.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation 1. Locate the leg where the solar panel is to be installed. The correct leg is the one having DC Power Input label on the left side. Also note the alignment of sensor arms versus solar panel. 2. Place the solar panel towards the leg approximately 40 cm (1.3 ft.) down from the upper plate of the tripod. Make sure that the shelf (number 1 in Figure 49 on page 67) fits to the leg profile (2).
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 51 Metallic Connector for Solar Panel Figure 52 Plastic Connector for Solar Panel 9806-015 0201-030 5. Insert the wires numbered 1 and 2 into the terminal 1 and the wires numbered 3 and 4 into the terminal 3. Tighten the screws that hold the wires.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation NOTE In the figures only the metallic connector is presented, although the procedure is the same with the plastic connectors. 6. Tighten part 3 to connect it with part 4, see Figure 54 on page 69. Insert the sealing part 2 into part 1. Tighten part 1 to part 3. Figure 54 0312-007 Solar Panel Connector Assembly 7. Attach the plug to the Solar connector by tightening the lowest nut. 8.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 55 0201-031 QMP213 with Installation Accessories To install the unit, follow the procedure below: 1. Attach the unit through the holes in the upper end (number 1 in Figure 55 on page 70) with the provided accessories (2) to the mast. The cable inlets should face down. 2. Lead the mains power cable through the opening (4) and connect the wires under the screws into the locations marked with L and N.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 56 0201-032 Parts of QMP201C The following numbers refer to Figure 56 on page 71: 1 = Solar panel 2 = Backup battery box 3 = Mains power supply and battery regulator box 4 = Angle adjusting hand screw 5 = Connector cable To install the unit, follow the procedure below: 1. Locate the leg where the solar panel is to be installed.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 57 0406-049 3. Open the bolt (number 3 in Figure 58 on page 72) of the leg fastener (1) to release the leg (2). Fit the cable inside the leg and guide it through the hole in the leg fastener. Put the leg back into the leg fastener and tighten the bolt (3). Attach the cable to the DC Power Input connector. Figure 58 0201-027 4. Solar Panel Fixture Tripod's Leg Attachment Adjust the angle of the solar panel.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation NOTE Be careful when connecting cables so that the connector pins will not bend. NOTE After connecting the cables, configure the sensors and auxiliary devices with the MAWS Lizard Setup software. For more information, refer to the MAWS Lizard User’s Guide. 1. Connect cables to the connectors on the upper base and tighten the screw nuts. For connector description, see Table 5 on page 73.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Installing Communication Devices Communication Modules Modules can be attached on the circuit board to provide additional communication channels for MAWS. For the placement of the modules, see Figure 59 on page 74. The modules can simply be pushed on the connector blocks MOD1 and/or MOD2. Module options include DSU232, DSI485A, DSI486, and DMX501. By default, the modules are installed as described in Table 7 on page 74.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation UHF Radio Modem The radio modem SATELLINE 3AS comes with a ready-made cable (approx. 0.5 m, 20 in.) and a special weatherproof enclosure. Follow the procedure below to install the radio modem SATELLINE 3AS to the sensor arm: 1. Install either an additional sensor arm with radio modem fixture or use an existing sensor arm that already has the radio modem fixture. 2.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Weather Transmitter Unpacking Instructions Weather Transmitter WXT510 comes in a custom shipping container. Be careful when removing the device from the container. CAUTION Beware of damaging any of the wind transducers located at the top of the three antennas. Dropping the device can break or damage the transducers. If the antenna bends or twists the re-aligning can be difficult or impossible. Assembling WXT510 1.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Install the Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor in the following way: Figure 62 0402-097 Radiation Shield and Sensor Installation 1. Install the radiation shield with the support on the mounting arm using the two screws. 2. Slide the temperature and humidity probe into the shield through the fastening ring. 3. Tighten the fastening ring. 4.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Pressure Sensor The Pressure Sensor PMT16A is located on the CPU board of the logger, see Figure 63 on page 78. Normally, it is factory installed on the logger board. If necessary, it can be accessed by removing the cover of the logger. The sensor is connected directly into the connector on the board and is fixed on it with one screw.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Rain Gauges Installation Procedure of QMR101 Usually, rain gauge QMR101 is installed on the same sensor arm with the temperature and humidity probe. QMR101 should be attached to a sensor arm in the following way: 1. Attach the mounting plates (1) to the sensor (2), if not already in place. Figure 64 9806-062 2.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ gauge can be mounted via the three holes in the base, for example, to a paving slab. You should use rawl plugs and standard steel studs for this purpose as they provide a means of leveling the rain gauge. Installing on the Stand RG35003 To install the gauge on the stand, follow the procedure below: 1. Attach the stand (3) to a concrete foundation with the bolts (5). See Figure 66 on page 80. Figure 66 0201-035 2.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 67 0002-010 Rain Gauge Attachment 3. Connect the grounding cable (2). 4. Connect the signal cable (4) to a data logger. 5. Continue from section Finalizing the Installation on page 83. Installing on the Base Plate RGB1 NOTE 1. Use the base plate RGB1 as instructed in the provided data sheet. 2. Connect the signal cable to a data logger. 3.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Installing on a Pedestal 1. Drill out three holes in the base to the 6.5 mm in diameter and clean off burr. For details, see Figure 68 on page 82. 2. For the pegs, drill out a hole in the each corner of the pedestal plate. Clean off burr. Figure 68 0002-011 3. Rain Gauge Pedestal Plate Dimensions Place the pedestal plate with rain gauge assembly on the ground using the pegs supplied.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Finalizing the Installation Finalize the installation as described in the following steps: 1. To be able to release the rain gauge's tipping bucket mechanism, and adjust the level, first remove the funnel from its base by unscrewing the three plastic thumbscrews (1). See Figure 70 on page 83. Figure 70 0201-036 2. Funnel Fixing Screw Remove the piece of foam (2) from under the bucket mechanism.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 3. It is important to ensure that the rim of the rain gauge is leveled precisely. Failure to do this will result in a systematic error. Use a spirit level (1) and adjust with the fixing screws (3). See Figure 71 on page 83. 4. The cable length can be shortened or lengthened as required. If the cable is lengthened, please ensure a good quality environmental connector, or a heatshrink joint (see Figure 72 on page 84).
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation 2. Lead the cable (4) through the sensor arm (5). Guide the sensor cable through the sensor arm opening (6). 3. After you have installed the sensor, connect the signal cable to the applicable connector of the host unit. Net Solar Radiation Sensor Install the sensor to the sensor arm as follows: 1. Attach the mounting piece (1) to the sensor arm (2). Tighten with the screws. For the numbers, see Figure 74 on page 85.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil/Water Temperature Sensors Installation Procedure for QMT103/ QMT110 The QMT103/QMT110 sensor has the cable with the connector. The length of the cable defines the maximum distance from the logger. You can install the sensor either in soil or in water. 1. Choose a desired location for the sensor. Assure that the sensor is located within cable length of the logger enclosure. 2. To install the sensor in the soil: 3.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Drilling a Hole for the Sensor Drill a hole according to the following procedure: 1. Choose a desired location for the sensor. Assure that the hole is located within cable length of the logger enclosure. 2. Drill a hole into the ground with the auger held as straight as possible. After you have drilled about 0.2 m (8 in.), extract the auger from the hole. CAUTION The installation hole must be straight.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ WARNING Do not use fingers to clean the auger. The edges are sharp. Figure 76 0106-038 4. Cleaning the Auger with a Screwdriver Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you have reached the desired depth. The maximum drilling depth is approximately 1.15 m (45 in.). Inserting the Sensor into a Hole Insert the sensor into the hole according to the following procedure: 1. Remove the auger from the hole. 2.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation CAUTION Make sure that there are no sharp stones or other objects in the ground that could press the sensor. Pressing objects can damage the fiberglass tube. Refer to Figure 77 on page 89. Figure 77 0412-032 Sensor Installation in Rocky Soils CAUTION Do not bend or flex the sensor during insertion or extraction.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 78 0106-042 4. Soil Temperature Sensor Inserted Correctly, Arrow Pointing to Ground Level Line Finally, connect the signal cable to the logger. Extraction Procedure for QMT107 Follow the procedure below to extract the sensor, refer to Figure 79 on page 91. CAUTION If too much force is applied, damage to the electronics of the sensor may result.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Figure 79 0106-040 Sensor Extraction Soil Moisture Sensor The sensor can either be inserted or buried into the soil. To install the ML2x sensors, follow the procedure below: 1. Simply insert the ML2x sensor to soil as shown in Figure 80 on page 92. Assure that the measurement rods are fully inside the soil.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 80 0105-087 2. Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x To bury the sensor in the soil, see Figure 82 on page 93: a. Make a hole with a shovel to a depth a little deeper than desired installation depth of the sensor. b.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation c. 0105-088 d. When several sensors are buried, refer to Figure 82 on page 93 for finalized installation. Figure 82 Buried ML2x Sensors Fill the hole with the digged soil. 3. Pull the sensor cable(s) close to the logger enclosure. 4. Connect the signal cable to the applicable connector of the logger.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ c. 2. Finally, insert the shovel again into the soil a few inches away from the probe, and gently force soil toward the probe to provide good contact between the probe and the soil. For deeper installations: a. Excavate down to the level you wish to measure. b. In the exposed wall, cut a pilot hole as described above. c. Saturate the pilot hole with water. d. Insert the senor(s). e.
Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________________ Installation Leaf Wetness Sensor Installation Procedure Leaf Wetness Sensor is delivered with an installation hardware kit and a sensor cable. Initial Check You may test the sensor before you install it. The instructions below provide a description of the suggested quick test procedure. 1. Connect the signal cable to an available connector at a data logger. 2. Configure the sensor with the particular software. 3.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Mounting to a Pole Mast You can mount the sensor to a mast with an outside diameter between 25 and 31 mm. Secure the sensor to the pole mast using the U-bolt, flat washers, and hex nuts as shown in Figure 84 on page 96. Use a right size wrench or adjustable wrench to tighten the hex nuts.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation CHAPTER 5 OPERATION This chapter provides the instructions for taking MAWS into use when all the equipment has been assembled and installed, as well as operating instructions for the MAWS Terminal software. Operation Principle MAWS works based on a so-called setup. Setup is a set of parameters that tells MAWS what to measure, log, calculate, and report.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ the setup files or making totally new ones, refer to the MAWS Lizard Setup Software User's Guide. Taking MAWS into Use Setting Up Tripod CAUTION Be careful not to pinch the cables during installation. 1. Place the tripod in an upright position. Loosen the locking ring (number 2 in Figure 86 on page 98) with the hand screw (3), spread the legs and push the locking ring all the way down to the end of the bar (4).
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 87 9902-002 3. Check with the bubble level (number 1 in Figure 88 on page 99) that the station is leveled. The air bubble must be inside the circle. Adjust the legs to level the station. Figure 88 0403-009 4. Aligning MAWS201 on the Northern Hemisphere Leveling the Station To adjust the length of the legs, loosen the hand screw (number 1 in Figure 89 on page 100) at the lower end of the leg.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ the leg. Use hammer to pound the ground pegs in. If the ground is too hard for the pegs, fill the ground peg bag with sand and/or stones. Attach the bag to the horizontal support bar with the straps. Figure 89 0403-014 5. After you have leveled the station, secure the legs with ground pegs by inserting a peg through the hole as shown in Figure 90 on page 100. Figure 90 0404-035 6.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation tab (4) on the mounting piece. Fix the sensor into its place by tightening the plastic collar (2). Figure 91 0403-015 7. Wind Sensor Attachment For attachment of the weather transmitter (number 1 in Figure 92 on page 102), guide the sensor cable through the wind mast (if it is not already done) and connect the cable to the sensor.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 92 0505-245 8. When using the optional telescopic mast, extend the mast. Open the latch (number 1 in Figure 93 on page 102) by lifting it up. Lift the inner mast (2) to the upper position while firmly holding the lower part (3) of the mast. Close the latch by pushing it down. Figure 93 0404-034 9.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 94 0404-030 Attaching the Wind/Telescopic Mast 10. Lower the protection cover, see Figure 95 on page 103. Figure 95 0404-036 Protection Cover Lowered 11. Attach the sensor arm(s). Fit the cables into the opening below the sensor arm before tightening the hand screws (number 1 in Figure 96 on page 104).
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 96 0201-025 Sensor Arm Assembly 12. The optional Fuel Moisture Sensor is factory assembled to the sensor support bracket, and the sensor arm is factory assembled to the leg of the tripod. Release the hand screw (number 1 in Figure 97 on page 104) and turn the sensor arm to an angle of 45°. Push the sensor support bracket to the sensor arm and tighten the hand screw (number 2 in Figure 97 on page 104).
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 98 on page 105) against the radio adapter between the two hex screws (2). Lower the radio modem down so that it is secured. Connect the antenna cable (1) and the data/power cable (4). Figure 98 0311-168 Installing Radio Modem 14. Install all the other sensors as instructed in Chapter 4, Installation, on page 57. 15. Connect all the cables.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 99 0003-011 NOTE Sketch of Magnetic Declination The source for the magnetic declination must be current as the declination changes over time. To align Weather Transmitter, proceed as follows: 1. If Weather Transmitter is already mounted, loosen the fixing screw on the bottom of the transmitter so that you can rotate the device.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 100 0505-245 Weather Transmitter Alignment 2. Use a compass to determine that the transducer heads of Weather Transmitter are exactly in line with the compass and that the arrow on the bottom (number 2 in Figure 100 on page 107) of Weather Transmitter (1) points to the north. 3. When the arrow (2) is exactly aligned to north tighten the fixing screw with an appropriate Allen key (3).
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Using Compass and Reference Point With MAWS running, monitor the instant wind direction in the reports sent through the serial line. Figure 101 0201-034 Aligning Wind Vane 1. The wind sensor cable must be connected both to the sensor and to the Wind connector. 2. The mounting piece (2) must be placed on top of the tube and the sensor must be attached to the mounting piece with the plastic collar (3). 3.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Setting Up Solar Panel NOTE The rays of the sun should be perpendicular to the panel, which means sunlight should hit the panel at a 90° angle. 1. Face the panel south (true south, not magnetic) on the Northern Hemisphere and north on the Southern Hemisphere. The panel can be tilted towards the sun: the further you are from the equator the more vertical the panel. 2.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 8 Recommended Tilt Angle for Solar Panel Latitude of Site Tilt Angle 0 ...10° 10 ...
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Quick Start Instructions The quick start instructions in Table 9 on page 111 are based on the following assumptions: - You will use a default setup already loaded in MAWS. - You have already assembled the MAWS system. Table 9 Quick Start Instructions Step Action Detailed Instruction 1. Connect power to MAWS. 2. Establish terminal connection with MAWS. Start the MAWS Terminal software.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Establishing Terminal Connection To connect your computer to a MAWS serial port, proceed as follows: 1. Connect the provided terminal cable (QMZ101) to the COM0 connector in the bottom plate of the tube and to an available COM port on your PC. See Figure 104 on page 112. Figure 104 0201-044 NOTE Connecting the Terminal Cable 2.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 105 0304-025 COM0 Pins for the Terminal Connector The following numbers refer to Figure 105 on page 113. 1 = Not connected 2 = RxD 3 = GND 4 = TxD 5 = Not connected Using MAWS Terminal Software Selecting the Language When you start MAWS Terminal for the first time, you are asked to select the language you would like to use. The Select Language window, presented in Figure 106 on page 114, appears.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 106 0112-021 Select Language Window The Select Language window appears only when MAWS Terminal is started for the first time. To change the language later, choose Preferences from the Settings menu, and then select the Language tab. In the Language tab, select the desired language from the Available Languages box and click OK.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 107 0105-040 MAWS Terminal Main Window When the service connection is closed, the messages and reports appear on the main window as shown in Figure 108 on page 116. Some values are shown as slashes, because they will be calculated from the measured values later. NOTE The report type and appearance shown in Figure 108 on page 116 depend on your configuration.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 108 0105-041 MAWS Terminal Showing Report On the top of the main window, there is the MAWS Terminal toolbar. The toolbar is the quickest way to select functions. Table 10 Icon Description of the Toolbar Function Description Dial Hangup Establish a connection to the MAWS station you have selected or to the modem you use for connecting to MAWS. Close the connection to MAWS.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation You can exit MAWS Terminal by choosing the Exit option from the Tools menu. Defining MAWS Terminal Settings When you start the software for the first time, you need to define the settings to be used during download. Use the Settings menu options for this purpose. Preferences Window When you choose the Preferences option from the Settings menu, the Preferences window appears with the Directories tab.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 11 Description of Preference Window Tabs (Continued) Tab Description Show Dialogs On the Show Dialogs tab, you can select which dialogs you want displayed during the download process. On the Language tab, you can select the language that is used in the interface.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 110 0312-060 Download Tab in Preferences Window Address Book Window When you choose the Address Book option from the Settings menu, the window shown in Figure 111 on page 119 appears.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ In the Address Book window, you can define MAWS communication details. You can also define parameters for both directly connected stations and for stations that establish the connection via modem. You can add new entries and delete old ones. Opening MAWS Service Connection Before you can download files or upload the configuration file, you need to open the service connection to MAWS.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 112 0406-068 Select Address Book Entry to Dial Window In the Select Address Book entry to dial window, select the port to which MAWS is connected and click Connect. NOTE Before connecting, the Password Entry window opens, if you have set the user level in your MAWS. For more information on setting the user levels, see section Managing User Levels on page 123.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Giving Commands When you have established the connection, you can use the commands described in Table 20 on page 156 to communicate with MAWS. Commands are text strings sent from the PC or terminal to MAWS. To open the connection, give the open command. To close the terminal connection, give the close command. Logging is not affected unless it is stopped using the logstop command.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation NOTE Commands have to be typed in the same case as indicated in the help texts, usually in the lower case. The command name and the following parameters are always separated by a space. Pressing ENTER (return) will execute the command so that MAWS reads the typed command. You can use BACKSPACE to delete the last typed character. Use CTRL+P (hold down the CTRL key and press P) to repeat the previously typed command.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ You can manage user levels by the userlevel command when the service connection is open. The command has the following syntax: userlevel [level ] where level = 1, 3, or 5 set = Sets the password for a level clear = Clears the password from the level To check the current setting, give the command alone, without parameters. When you want to change the level, give the command with parameters.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Level 5 provides access to all commands. For the command reference, see Table 20 on page 156.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 14 Description of MAWS Station Settings Window Item Description Station name Altitude Pressure sensor level Capacity of the internal battery You can define a name for your station. Enter the altitude of the MAWS station from sea level. The height of the pressure sensor on the MAWS mast. Enter the capacity of the MAWS internal battery QMB101.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 114 0406-034 Setup Management View: Static Parameters Tab The list under the Static Parameters tab shows all the static parameters, including the preset ones. Refer to Figure 114 on page 127. The user editable entries are listed in bold. The Default column shows the default value for each parameter.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE 4. If the parameter is numeric, it is recommended that you also select a measure unit for it. If the parameter is used as a station-specific calculation parameter, you should provide it with a correct unit, because otherwise the calculation configuration may not allow you to use the parameter as input. If there is no suitable unit available, select unspecified. This makes the parameter applicable for all use. 5.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Calibrating Sensors For calibrating the sensors with MAWS Terminal, the Sensor Calibration tab is available in the MAWS Stations Settings window, see Figure 116 on page 129. The list of the MAWS sensors is displayed in the tab. NOTE You must load an appropriate setup to MAWS before you are able to use the Sensor Calibration tab.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ The list in the Sensor Calibration tab does not refresh automatically. To read the latest measurement values, click the Refresh button. You may enter new values to the cells in bold font. You can not change the cells with the value N/A. Table 15 on page 130 describes the columns in the Sensor Calibration tab.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation particular sensor. To calibrate other listed sensors, enter the gain of the measurement, that is, the slope of the conversion curve. NOTE You can do either offset or gain calibration at a time. When you enter a new value in the Value or Cal. Factor field, the other parameter will be expressed as N/A until you save your changes.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Sensor Status List Table 16 Sensor Status List Value Meaning Notes 0 1 2 The sensor is working properly (OK). Not measured yet Interface is not initialized. 1 3 Communication time out has occurred. 1 4 Unknown data is received. 1 5 Communication is functioning, but the sensor reports errors. Use sensor's own service interface to find out cause.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Entering Values Manually Before you can manually enter data to MAWS using MAWS Terminal, you must create and configure manual sensor(s) in MAWS Lizard. Creating Manual Sensor in MAWS Lizard In the Equipment view, select ManualSensor and click Add. ManualSensor is automatically connected to the Console connector, see Figure 117 on page 133.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 118 0406-043 Configuring Manual Sensor in MAWS Lizard Manual Entry in MAWS Terminal In MAWS Terminal, the Manual Entry tab lists all the manual sensors, see Figure 119 on page 135. The T column shows the data type and the St column the status. To enter values for manual sensors, follow the instructions below: 1.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 119 0406-044 Manual Entry Tab MAWS Setup File When you start using MAWS for the first time, you need to upload a setup file from your PC to the MAWS station. This setup file includes all details required for the system to function properly: which sensors the system contains, which settings they use, to which MAWS channels they are connected, and how often they calculate weather parameters.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ You can modify one of the setup files with MAWS Lizard Setup Software to produce exactly the setup you want. However, this requires a thorough understanding of the system. For more information, refer to MAWS Lizard Setup Software User's Guide. CAUTION If you create a setup of your own by modifying the ready-made files, store the new file under a different name.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 120 0201-046 3. Selecting an Upload Configuration File When the file has been transferred, MAWS starts executing the new setup according to the settings in the setup file. Data Logging Logging means storing of the measured and calculated data in the MAWS internal memory, that is, to a 2 MB Flash chip with a data storage capacity of 1.6 MB. Additionally, you may use an external memory card.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ setup is created. The approximate maximum logging period for a setup where 10 measured values are logged is shown in Table 17 on page 138.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 121 0312-061 Output of the Logshow Command The header information shows the variable name (TAMeasQMH101_1m:Avg and RHMeasQMH101_1m:Avg). The log entry information includes the time tag, that is, date and time of the entry, the status, and the value of the logged measurement or calculation.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ may manually disable a measurement or a sensor. For detailed information, see section Measurement Enable or Disable on page 140. To see the logging groups, type logstatus. To see the current logging status of a certain group, type logstatus . To stop or start the logging of a certain group, type logstop/loggo . For the output of the commands, see Figure 122 on page 140.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Use the following commands in the service connection to change the flagging: enable disable where enable = Enables the measurement inputs or sensors. disable = Disables the measurement inputs or sensors. Measurement Name = NOTE The measurement name in the Configuration view of MAWS Lizard.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Freeing Up Logging Space A log file can be deleted with the logdel command: logdel <(dYYMMDD)> where logdel = The command to delete log files belonging to certain log group. log_group_id = The name of the log group, that is, L0, L1, L2, or so on. dYYMMDD = The date until which the log files will be deleted. Example: / > logdel L2 d980910 To erase all data in the log system, type LOGFS ERASE.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Selecting Files for Downloading When you have opened the service connection to MAWS you are working with, you need to select the data log files you want to download. Choose the Download log files option from the Tools menu. The Select Log Files for Download window appears. Figure 123 0312-062 Select Log Files for Download Window In the Log files in MAWS list, you see all data log files currently available in MAWS.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE The program closes the service connection automatically after 5 minutes. If you fail to start the download within 5 minutes of selecting the Download log files, you need to reopen the MAWS Terminal program and start the download again. Downloading Files When you have selected the files you want to download, click Download, see Figure 123 on page 143.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation L3. The name of the merged file will be in the following format: L0firstfilename - L0lastfilename.csv If you have selected that the data log files will be deleted from the MAWS memory after download, the program asks you to confirm this.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 126 0406-035 AutoDownload Schedule Window When a station is equipped with a modem, you can either use the default modem initialization and dialing strings saved in Address Book or override them. You can enter the Initialization and Dial prefix values separately for each station.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 128 0406-037 Modem Options When a phone number is entered into the Phone number field of the Address Book, the dial prefix entered in the Dial prefix field will be added to it. If the command which would be given manually in a terminal session is ATD123456, it is divided into a phone number (123456) and a prefix (ATD), see Figure 127 on page 146 and Figure 128 on page 147.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 129 0406-038 Operating in AutoDownload Mode Window The application waits in idle mode until polling is triggered. When polling, the application automatically opens a service connection to a station and downloads log files as defined by the user, see Figure 130 on page 148.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 131 0406-040 AutoDownload Completed When you click the Cancel button in order to close the window, a work report will be shown, see Figure 132 on page 149. The Info window shows which stations were polled and the results of polling. Figure 132 0406-041 AutoDownload Info Window Browsing Downloaded Files You can browse the downloaded data log files directly in MAWS Terminal.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Log Files box. Select the files you want. If you want to limit the number of data items on your screen, click Select Data Items.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation In the Select Data Items window, you can select the data items you want to browse. By default all data items are selected. You can deselect any data item, or all of them. Once the data items you want are gathered in the right box, click Close. Click Perform Query. The data items you selected appear on your screen in a table format.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ them afterwards by choosing the Convert Files to CSV option from the Tools menu. When you select the Convert Files to CSV option, the window shown in Figure 136 on page 152 appears. Figure 136 0105-052 Selecting a Binary Log File for CSV Conversion Select the file you want to convert to CSV format and click Open. The program starts the conversion.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Figure 137 0312-067 Converting Several Log Files to CSV Format In the Convert log files window, you can select the log files you want to convert one by one, or select them all. Additionally, you can merge the files by selecting the Merge files option. Once the log files you want to convert are in the Log files to convert list, click Start Converting. When the conversion is complete, the Info window appears.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ LED on the logger cover to the left of the external memory card is constantly on. CAUTION The memory card must not be removed from MAWS while data is being written, or the data may be lost. By default, data is transmitted to the memory card each day at 00:00:30. When a new memory card is inserted into MAWS, the software checks that the card is ready for use. The status of the memory card is indicated by a LED.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Resetting MAWS To reset MAWS, give the command reset (recommended) or press the reset button, see number 1 in Figure 138 on page 155. Figure 138 0406-060 Reset Button on Logger A short reset (pressing the reset button quickly) performs the same reset as giving the command and starts the program again.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Command Reference for Terminal Connection Table 20 Command Set Command Description altitude altitude [meters]. To see the current station altitude, type altitude. To change the altitude, type altitude and the new station altitude in meters from sea level. battery [capacity] sets the capacity of the internal battery, needed for MAWS internal control. Accepted capacity values are 1.2 ... 24 Ah.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Table 20 Command Set (Continued) Command Description logshowprev logshowprev [count]. After the logshow command, can be used to show the immediately preceding (earlier) log entries. logstatus [log_group_id] shows logging state and variables of the defined log group. The command without parameters shows statuses of all log groups. logstop stops logging of the defined log group.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 20 Command Set (Continued) Command Description userlevel userlevel [level ] command is used to protect system from unauthorized use. It provides three password protected access levels to shell commands as well as to the visibility of system data. By default, the user levels are not in use.
Chapter 5 ________________________________________________________________ Operation Disassembly of MAWS201 for Transportation To disassemble the MAWS201 station for transportation, follow the procedure below: 1. WARNING Disconnect the power as follows: a. For short storage periods, set MAWS into low power consumption mode by giving the command SLEEP in MAWS Terminal. b. For long periods (over one month), disconnect the battery. First, open the hand screws that hold the tube in its place.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Pack the sensors in the smaller carry case. Pack the tripod, upper tube, sensor arms, and accessories in the bag or bigger carry case.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance CHAPTER 6 MAINTENANCE This chapter provides information that is needed in the basic maintenance of MAWS, sensors, and accessories. Routine Maintenance and Calibration The purpose of periodic maintenance is to keep sensors operational and safe, measurements reliable, to define if any calibration actions are needed, and to extend the lifetime of the system.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ When using high quality sensors and system, most of the routine maintenance tasks can be performed at the installation site. Some instruments and advanced calibrations and refurbishments require the sensor to be returned to the laboratory for proper calibration. When system components need to be brought in from the field, the best procedure is to maintain an inventory of spare components.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Overall Checking NOTE - Check signal and main cables, connectors, and connections. - Check gaskets of the enclosures. - Check all grounding cables, lugs, etc. - Check mechanical assemblies, bolts, nuts, etc. - Check for corrosion. Repair if needed. Use the correct tools, which are of good quality.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ In MAWS version 5.01, the floating point numbers use a 64-bit floating-point number (double). In the earlier MAWS versions, floating point numbers have been stored in the static parameters as 32-bit floating point numbers (float). When updating the logger software you need to restore the original values for this type of static parameters.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance 3. Close any terminal connection to MAWS so that the serial port is free for software loading. 4. Close all other Windows programs. 5. To load the software, follow the instructions given in either a. or b.: a. When you are using the COM1 port of your computer, open Command Prompt and change the directory to the folder where you have loader.exe and bin.mot. Type loader and press ENTER.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ In order to copy a new software into MAWS, please follow the instructions below: 1. Check that MAWS includes a boot code that is version 4.07 or higher. The version can be read using the commands VER or SYSINFO. 2. Insert the Compact Flash card received from Vaisala into the Compact Flash slot of MAWS. 3. Launch copying the new software by issuing the command SWLOAD. 4.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Spare Parts Available Spare Parts Table 21 Available Spare Parts Spare part name For...
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Weather Transmitter Cleaning To ensure the accuracy of measurement results, Weather Transmitter WXT510 should be cleaned when it gets contaminated. Leaves and other such particles should be removed from the precipitation sensor and the transmitter should be cleaned carefully with a soft, lint-free cloth moistened with mild detergent. CAUTION Be extremely careful when cleaning the wind sensors.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Figure 142 0505-208 Replacing the PTU Module Combined Wind Sensor Periodic Maintenance Testing Proper Operation It is recommended to check the ball bearings of the anemometer and the vane every year. If the cup wheel or the vane is not rotating smoothly or it creates detectable noise, the bearings must be replaced. Replacing Consumables Only a trained technician should replace the bearings.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Anemometer bearings: 1. Loosen the hubnut (14) with fingers or a 10 mm tool and remove the cup wheel (13). 2. Remove the ball bearing assembly (12) by unscrewing it counterclockwise (with a 10 mm tool). 3. Insert a new bearing assembly (12). Tighten gently. 4. Fasten the cup wheel to the sensor. Tighten gently. Vane bearings: 1. Proceed as described in steps 1 and 2 above. 2.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Figure 143 0009-022 WMS Assembly The following numbers refer to Figure 143 on page 171: 1 = Casing 2a = Reed switch PCB 2b = Potentiometer PCB 3 = Retainer 4 = Sleeve 5 = O-ring 6 = Base part 7 = Mast adapter sleeve 8 = Bearing assembly 9 = Seeger ring 10 = Tail assembly 11 = Lock screw 12 = Bearing assembly 13 = Cup wheel 14 = Hubnut VAISALA __________________________________
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Periodic Maintenance Calibration and maintenance of the air temperature and relative humidity probe should be performed at regular intervals, depending on the conditions of use and desired accuracy. The validity of the readings should be checked annually. The Air Temperature and Relative Humidity probes are easy to maintain and calibrate.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Changing the HUMICAP®180 Humidity Sensor Unscrew the filter. Remove the damaged sensor and mount a new HUMICAP®180 humidity sensor in its place. Handle the sensor with care. Calibrate the probe using a two-point calibration procedure. Humidity Calibration For a high-accuracy two-point calibration, use a Vaisala HMK15 calibrator and saturated salt solutions. Refer to the appropriate manual for details.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 22 Greenspan’s Calibration Temperature [°C] 15 20 25 30 35 LiCl [%RH] 1 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 NaCl [%RH] K2SO4 [%RH] 75.6 97.9 75.5 97.6 75.3 97.3 75.1 97.0 74.9 96.7 1. Do not use or store the LiCl solution in temperatures below +18 °C (64 °F) as its humidity equilibrium may change permanently.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Calibration procedure: NOTE 1. Establish terminal connection to MAWS by connecting the terminal cable to the COM0 port of MAWS and to an available I/ O port on your PC. 2. Place both pressure sensors at the same level. Make sure that the wind does not interfere with the reading of the reference barometer. 3. Read the reference barometer reading. 4. Give this reference reading to MAWS. Type: PMT16CAL 1003.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 2. Check that the gauge is still level. It is surprisingly easy for an apparently immovable gauge to become tilted as a result of small ground movements, vandalism, or just an inquisitive finger. 3. Clean the spoon from dust and dirt once or twice a year to ensure precise measuring.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Pyranometers Periodoc Maintenance The pyranometer is an all weather instrument. Once installed the pyranometer needs little maintenance. It is recommended that you clean the detector as part of a regular routine, using water or alcohol. Re-calibration is suggested every two years. This can be done in two ways. The first is to compare with the measurement of a similar sensor at the same site.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil/Water Temperature Sensors Periodic Maintenance The QMT103/QMT110 sensor does not need any regular maintenance. Field repairs are accomplished by replacing the complete sensor. When the QMT107 sensor is extracted, clean the dirt accumulation on the sensor surface with a soft cloth or sponge using water and mild detergent. Field repairs are accomplished by replacing the complete sensor.
Chapter 6 ______________________________________________________________ Maintenance Soil Moisture Sensor Periodic Maintenance The ECH2O-M3 sensor is sealed after the factory calibration. It does not require any routine maintenance and it is constructed of materials selected for robust field operation. Submersible Water Level Sensor Periodic Maintenance To ensure reliable and accurate measurements, we recommend that during each visit to the Water Level Sensor the following checks be made: CAUTION 1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor Periodic Maintenance The sensing element of the sensor is a wooden dowel that exchanges moisture with its surroundings. In the course of a year, it undergoes many cycles of soaking up moisture and drying. These processes eventually cause the structure of the wood to deteriorate. Similarly, dust and other contaminants become embedded in the surface and they change the surface properties.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING This section consists of some common MAWS problems, their probable causes, and remedies.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ When troubleshooting the MAWS system, make sure you have the tools listed in Table 23 on page 182 available.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting - c. d. e. f. Open the logger cover and press the reset button. Refer to section Resetting MAWS on page 192. After a few seconds, the terminal should start to display logger startup messages. MAWS is not sending anything (nothing is seen on the screen). - After MAWS has been without power, for example when you start it for the first time, check the time and date.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 3. MAWS does not receive commands entered in MAWS Terminal. a. Check the terminal cable connection and that you have the correct terminal cable (QMZ101) in use. b. The terminal connection is not open. Type open and press ENTER. Note that the command must be typed exactly correct before it can be executed and that the command is not echoed on the screen. c. The port settings are not synchronous.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting b. c. d. 6. Check the output of the warnings and errors commands for indication of the probable cause. - Connect the terminal cable and start MAWS Terminal. Type commands warnings and errors. For details, see section Warnings and Errors on page 199. - Pay also attention to the message related to the excitation voltages. If the damaged sensor is powered by the logger, it may cause an overload.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 7. Data is not stored to a memory card. a. Check the status of the memory card. It is indicated by a LED. Table 30 on page 196 describes the different blinking sequences and the card conditions they indicate. b. Check that the memory card has been formatted with the command EXTFS ERASE before use. For more information, refer to section Using External Memory Card on page 196.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Figure 146 0401-246 AWS Logger QML201 without Cover The following numbers refer to Figure 146 on page 187: 1 = Place for the internal battery 2 = Reset button (under the bracket) 3 = Lithium battery for RTC 4 = Communication module places MOD1 and MOD2 5 = Status LED 6 = SPI connector 7 = Pressure sensor connector 8 = CF Card connector VAISALA _____________________________________________________
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Determining MAWS Operation Mode You can watch the status LED to determine the MAWS operation mode. The LED is located on the MAWS logger board and it is visible through the logger cover. Table 24 Determining Operation Mode by LED Flashing LED Flashing Interval Operation Mode All the time MAWS has been reset but setup has not been examined yet. Setup is running. Blank boot or configuration cannot be run.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Figure 147 0304-025 COM0 Pins for the Terminal Connector The following numbers refer to Figure 147 on page 189. 1 = Not connected 2 = RxD 3 = GND 4 = TxD 5 = Not connected Recording Terminal Connection Text In problem situations, you can save the commands and program responses that you see in the MAWS Terminal window. Before you start creating the situation you want to record, clear the terminal buffer.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ When you no longer need the capture file, you can delete it from your PC. The capture file is called MAWS_Terminal.Log and it is saved in the Default capture text directory you have defined on the Directories tab in the Preferences window. In problem situations, give the following commands: battery, errors, spset, SYSINFO, and warnings. When Capture all is selected, the results are saved into a file for future use.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Connection Problems If you can not connect to MAWS, the service connection is not opened and you can not work with MAWS. In case of connection problems, check the possible problems as instructed in Table 26 on page 191. Table 26 Some Common Connection Problems and Their Remedies Problem Probable Cause Remedy You receive the following message: You are trying to connect to the wrong port.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Resetting MAWS To reset MAWS, give the command reset (recommended) or press the reset button, see number 1 in Figure 138 on page 155. Figure 148 0406-060 Reset Button on Logger A short reset (pressing the reset button quickly) performs the same reset as giving the command and starts the program again.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting 1. For any sensor enter the following service terminal command: LASTVAL status For example: / > LASTVAL TAMeasQMH101_1 status Status:1 Value:0 where Status:1 = The Status field in the output is the value status. Value:0 = The Value field shows the sensor status value. For details on the LASTVAL command, refer to section LASTVAL Command on page 198. 2.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ NOTE You must load an appropriate setup to MAWS before you are able to use the Sensor Calibration tab. NOTE The Sensor Calibration tab is not visible for setups made with MAWS software versions prior to 3.06. With old setups, MAWS common parameters frame only shows the calibration values for the wind direction and solar radiation sensors.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Table 29 Sensor Status List Value Meaning Notes 0 1 2 The sensor is working properly (OK). Not measured yet Interface is not initialized. 1 3 Communication time out has occurred. 1 4 Unknown data is received. 1 5 Communication is functioning, but the sensor reports errors. Use sensor's own service interface to find out cause. Sensor communication is paused because service connection is opened through MAWS.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Using External Memory Card The external memory card is used to store log files that have been copied or moved from the internal log directory. The data can be retrieved from the external memory card via terminal connection or by switching the memory card with an empty one. Note that the memory card must be formatted with the command EXTFS ERASE before use.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Automatic Erase from External Memory Card The log group specific setting Number of days to preserve log files affects also the files stored to the external memory card.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ LASTVAL Command If the value in the report changes to ////, you can check the measurement’s/sensor’s value with the LASTVAL command. Give the command in the terminal connection. When you use the raw parameter, the measured value before any validation and the status produced during validation are shown. When you use the corresponding signal name, the validated value is shown.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting where Status:1 = The value is valid. Value:20.490570 = The raw value for the temperature measurement is 20.49xxxx When the value in the report changes to ////, you can check the value. In the following case the probe is not connected: / > LASTVAL TAMeasQMH101_1 raw Status:2 Value:-238.285549 where Status:2 = Value:-238.285549 = The value is invalid. The raw value for the temperature measurement is -238.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ To see active warnings, type warnings. To clear active warnings, type warnings clear. Warnings indicate that there are some problems in the software. Example: / W> warnings Warning: Break occurred 9 times first in uart.cpp[84] during thread: 00019F60 [AbsTimerT] object pointer: 106C [component: COM0] Warning: Frame occurred 14 times first in uart.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting System Information You can acquire a report that contains system information by using the SYSINFO command in MAWS Terminal. The command lists parameters that are useful especially when troubleshooting the system . Example: / > SYSINFO Serial # : 59289091 Hardware : Rev F Software : 3.02 Checksum : 61577576 System RAM : 1024kB Free memory : 583kB Internal temp. : 3.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Battery Status You can view battery status information by giving the command battery without parameters. NOTE The battery command applies only to the internal battery of the logger. Example: / > battery Remaining=100 State=FLOAT_CHARGE U=6.850195 I=2.685547 Type=PB_BATTERY Capacity=1.200000 Ext.DC=8.132420 Internal temperature=23.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Measurement Enable or Disable You can manually enable or disable all measurement inputs and sensors. You can use this feature for example for the following purposes: - Remotely change the readings of a faulty sensor to be flagged as invalid. - Mark all sensor readings invalid during maintenance operation.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Upon successful completion of the commands MAWS returns: Successfully disabled or Successfully enabled Any other returned values indicate an error. When the measurement input is disabled: - All other output values than status have undefined values. - Sensor status shows disabled; refer to the updated list of the sensor statuses in Table 16 on page 132. - Value status shows INVALID and NOT AVAILABLE.
Chapter 7 ___________________________________________________________ Troubleshooting Combined Wind Sensor Table 33 Problem Troubleshooting Combined Wind Sensor Probable Cause The data is not received The sensor is mechanically from the sensor. damaged. The sensor is not powered properly. Remedy Check the cables and connectors. Check that the supply voltage is from 3 to 15 VDC.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Technical Support When contacting Vaisala technical support, please send the following information with your technical enquiry or description of a fault: - Serial number of the MAWS logger. - The captured text of the SYSINFO command. - If you have modified the setup file, and the setup is possibly defected, please send also the captured MAWS_Terminal.log file and the setup file (.dtg).
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data CHAPTER 8 TECHNICAL DATA This chapter provides the technical data of MAWS and its sensors. Connector Block Descriptions The MAWS logger includes: 1. Ten measurement channels and one internal channel for pressure measurement. 2. One connector block for power supplies. 3. One connector block for communication channels. 4. Two blocks for optional communication modules.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 36 Description of Analog Measurement Channels Channels Pin name Description CH0, CH1, CH2, CH3 16-bit ADC E 12 V / 25 mA voltage excitation ON/OFF, voltage can be measured. OR: 100mA/ 1mA current excitation. Analog input (High) Analog input (Low) The pin has been connected to ground (GND) via a 10 Ω resistor so that the current can be measured.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Figure 150 0401-247 Connector Blocks VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 209
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Wiring Instructions For the basic set of sensors, wiring has been done at the factory according to Figure 151 on page 211. The numbers next to the plug connectors indicate poles for connection wires. For the wiring diagram of MAWS201 equipped with Weather Transmitter WXT510, see Figure 152 on page 212. Do not change the wiring between the connectors and logger pins.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Figure 151 0404-023 MAWS101/MAWS201 Basic Wiring Diagram VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 211
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 152 0505-249 Basic Wiring Diagram for MAWS201 with WXT510 212 __________________________________________________________________M210630EN-B
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data DSU232 DSU232 is an unisolated RS-232 module that will provide either a double serial channel without handshaking or a single RS-232 with handshaking. It can also feed 12 V (45 mA) for a serial sensor, when used in sensor mode.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ connection is used to connect several devices to the same communication line. The 4-wire mode is the default mode. Figure 155 9812-001 NOTE DSI485A Wiring Diagram In 2-wire mode, only T+ and T- pins are used. DSI486 Channel A is always used in the RS-485 mode. In 2-wire RS-485, both transmitted and received data is sent via this channel.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Channel B can be used either in the RS-485 mode or in the RS-232 mode. In 2-wire RS-485, both transmitted and received data is sent via this channel. In 4-wire RS-485, this channel can either transmit or receive depending on the configuration. Figure 156 on page 214 provides a schematic wiring diagram for the dual RS-485 connection, the dual 2-wire connection utilizing both channels.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Figure 158 0201-050 DSI486 Wiring Diagram for RS-485 and RS-232 Figure 158 on page 216 provides a schematic wiring diagram for the combination of the RS-485 and RS-232 connection. The correct jumper settings for the channel B are listed in Table 39 on page 216.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Figure 159 0202-014 DSI486 Wiring Diagram for SDI-12 and 12 VDC Power Supply DMX501 The DMX501 modem module can be configured for a point-to-point line or for a multidrop modem network. If a modem is configured for multidrop use, the outgoing carrier is valid only during transmission. If MAWS is the master in the multidrop network, DMX501 can be normally configured for point-to-point use.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ UHF Radio Modem When using UHF Radio Modem SATELLINE 3AS, the DSU232 Communication Module should be used to provide an additional RS232 output for the radio modem, leaving the standard COM port (COM0) free for maintenance purposes. For powering of the radio modem, you need a mains (AC) power supply or a mains/solar power supply with the backup batteries.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data NOTE It is recommended to label these modifications so that no other equipment is connected to MOD1 by mistake. The 12 VDC voltage may damage some equipment. 5. Configure the radio modem with MAWS Lizard. Refer to Configuring Modem Options Technical Reference for instructions.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil Moisture Sensor Soil moisture sensor uses one analog channel of the logger. You should connect the cutted sensor cable to the appropriate channel. 1. Pull the sensor cable close to the logger enclosure. Cut the cable to a proper length. Thread the cable through the connector parts in the indicated order 1-2-3-4. See Figure 163 on page 220. Figure 163 9806-015 2.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor uses two analog channels of the logger: one for temperature measurement and the other for moisture measurement. Moisture is measured via one of the channels CH1 to CH3. You should connect the sensor cable to the appropriate channel.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Modify the wiring according to Table 42 on page 222. Table 42 Modified Wiring with QFM101 Wire Color Standard Connection Pin at the Logger Modified Connection Pin at the Logger Red Not connected. Brown E White H Black L Blue C Connect the wire to the terminal C of the selected temperature measurement channel (CH4 ... CH7). Leave as is. This wire is used for the moisture measurement. Leave as is.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data are used by charger software to automatically detect the type of the connected battery. External Power Supply The external DC supply is always connected to POWER connector pins +ExtDC and GND. The external power supply can be either regulated or unregulated DC supply (8 ... 30 V) or a solar cell if internal battery is present. To avoid excessive heating, 8 ... 16 V is recommended.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Lead Batteries The charger is capable of charging from 1.2 to 2.6 Ah, 6 V lead acid batteries. There is room for one 1.2 Ah or 1.3 Ah battery in the logger battery compartment, and with QMB102 you can add another 1.2/ 1.3 Ah battery. If larger capacity is required, additional batteries must be connected to the POWER connector terminals GND and +BATT.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data NOTE Short pins 3 and 4 in the internal battery connector with jumper or preferably use a special pin header for correct battery type sensing. If the primary cell setting is detected, the charger circuitry of the logger is completely shut off to protect the battery from reverse currents. CAUTION Never connect voltages higher than 10 V between the terminals +BATT and GND as this may damage the logger electronics.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Quick Charging The purpose of the Quick Charge mode is to fill the battery as quickly as possible using a specified quick charge voltage for lead batteries. In Quick Charge, the charging voltage is set to 7.35 V corrected with temperature coefficient. Charging current is typically the same or one step higher as in Normal Charge mode.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Temperature Protection The charger protects lead batteries from extreme temperatures by limiting the charge current or shutting the charger completely off under certain conditions. This helps to prolong expected battery life. If the internal temperature of the logger rises higher than +50 °C (122 °F), the charger shuts completely off and battery status shows "CHARGE_OFF".
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Specifications AWS Logger QML201 Table 43 AWS Logger QML201 General Specifications Property Description/Value Processor Memory A/D conversion Data logging memory 33 MHz, 32 bit Motorola 1MB RAM and 2 MB program 16 bit 1.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 44 AWS Logger QML201 Accuracy Specifications Property Description/Value Typical accuracy across temperature range -50 ... +80 °C Maximum error across temperature range -35 ... +50 °C Maximum error at 0 °C Voltage measurement ±2.5 V range ±250 mV range ±25 mV range ±6.5 mV range Frequency measurements Common mode range Real-time-clock (standard) accuracy back-up time Better than ± 0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Power Supplies Table 47 Mains Power Supply QMP213 Specifications Property Description/Value Mains power input range 90 ... 264 VAC, 0.25 A max., 50 ... 60 Hz 2 × 0.315 AT replaceable glass tube fuse, 5 × 20 mm Transient protection with 275V/55J VDR across the line No mains cable included in std. delivery. Recommended wiring with a 2-wire cable (L, N) with no PE-wire; lead dimension 0.75 ... 1.5 mm2; max.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 48 Mains Power Supply Unit BWT15SXZ Specifications Property Description/Value Output power Operating principle Input voltage range Frequency range Input current on full load 110 VAC 220 VAC Output voltage Output current Efficiency Noise, ripple, and spikes 30 W SMPS 85 … 264 VAC 47 … 440 Hz Input regulation effect 85 … 264 VAC Load regulation effect 0 … 2 A Temperature coefficient Output voltage rise time Hold
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 49 Battery Regulator QBR101B Specifications Property Description/Value Maximum input voltage (SMPS and Solar Panel inputs) Maximum input current (SMPS) Solar panel input Recommended input voltage from SMPS input Max. load current (backup output) Recommended battery capacity range Battery charge current for 4 Ah battery Max.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Solar Panel Specifications Table 50 Solar Panel SOLAR6 Specifications Property Description/Value Peak power (Pp) @ 1 kW/m2 @ +25 °C Voltage @ peak power (Vpp) Current @ peak power (Ipp) Short-circuit current (Isc) Dimensions l x w x d 6W Weight, incl. mounting accessories Output cable 8.3 V 0.72 A 0.8 A 346 x 268 x 5 mm (13.6 x 10.6 x 0.2 in.) 2.8 kg (6.2 lb.) 0.9 m (35 in.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ RS-485 Modules Specifications Table 52 Isolated Communication Module DSI485A Specifications Property Description/Value Channels Isolation Operating modes One RS-485 Galvanic 2-wire RS-485 4-wire RS-485 Power consumption idle receiving transmitting Connection distance (max.) Temperature (operating) Temperature (storage) Humidity Table 53 5 mA 10 mA 20 mA 1500 m (4900 ft.) -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... +140 °F) -50 ...
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Modem Module Specifications Table 54 DMX501 Specifications Property Description/Value Modem chip Modem chip crystal frequency USART clock frequency Register access Connection 73K324L 11.0592 MHz Modem protocols Line interface TxControl signal Supply voltage Current consumption Reset / power-down Operation Transmit level Distance between modules Operating and storage temperature Humidity 11.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ UHF Radio Modem Specifications Table 55 Radio Modem SATELLINE 3AS Specifications Property Description/Value Frequency range Channel spacing Number of channels Frequency stability Type of emission Communication mode Carrier power Carrier power stability Adjacent channel power Spurious radiations Sensitivity Co-channel rejection Adjacent channel selectivity Intermodulation attenuation Spurious radiations Interface Interfa
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Weather Transmitter Performance Table 56 Barometric Pressure Property Description/Value Range Accuracy Output resolution Units available 600...1100 hPa ± 0.5 hPa at 0...30°C (+32...+86 °F) ± 1 hPa at -52...+60 °C (-60...+140 °F) hPa, Pa, bar, mmHg, inHg Table 57 Air Temperature Property Description/Value Range -52...+60 °C (-60...+140 °F) Accuracy (for sensor element) ± 0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 58 Precipitation Property Description/Value Rainfall Cumulative accumulation after the latest auto or manual reset 60 cm2 0.01 mm (0.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 59 Relative Humidity Property Description/Value Range Accuracy 0...100 %RH ± 3 %RH at 0 ... 90 %RH ± 5 %RH at 90 ... 100 %RH 0.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Operating Conditions Table 61 Operating Conditions Property Description/Value Temperature operation storage Relative humidity Pressure Wind Electromagnetic compatibility -52...+60 °C (-60...+140 °F) -60...+70 °C (-76...+158 °F) 0...100 %RH 600...1100 hPa 0...
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Materials Table 63 Materials Property Description/Value Radiation shield, top, and bottom parts Precipitation sensor plate Weight Polycarbonate + 10 % glass fibre Stainless steel (AISI 316) 650 g (1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Combined Wind Sensor Specifications Table 65 Anemometer Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor/Transducer type Measuring range Starting threshold Distance constant Transducer output Accuracy ≤ 10 m/s > 10 m/s Transfer function, where U = wind speed [m/s] F = output frequency [Hz] Dual Reed switch 0.5 ... 60 m/s (1 ... 117 kt) < 0.4 m/s (0.8 kt) 2 m (6.6 ft) 1 Hz ~ 0.7 m/s Table 66 ±0.3 m/s (0.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 67 Common Specifications (Continued) Property Description/Value MTBF The calculated mean time between failure is 4.4 × 105 h for permanent installations. The value equals to 2.27 when expressed in a failure frequency during 106 hours of use. Mean time to repair is 0.2 h.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor Specifications Table 68 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor’s General Specifications Property Description/Value Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Supply voltage Settling time Power consumption Output load Weight (including package) Housing material Housing classification (electronics) Sensor protection (standard) Dimensions in mm (inches) Emission
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 70 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor’s Humidity Specifications Property Description/Value Humidity sensor Measurement range Output scale Accuracy at +20 °C (+68 °F) including non-linearity and hysteresis HUMICAP®180 0.8 ... 100 % 0 ... 100 %RH equals to 0 ... 1 VDC ±1 % against factory references Typical long-term stability Temperature dependence RH response time (90 %) at +20 °C ±2 % (0 ...
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Pressure Sensor Specifications Table 71 Pressure Sensor PMT16A Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor type Measuring range Resolution Accuracy Vaisala BAROCAP® (silicon capacitive) 600 ... 1100 hPa 0.1 hPa ±0.3 hPa including one year drift (with factory calibration) -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ...
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Table 73 Rain Gauge QMR102 Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor/transducer type Funnel diameter Orifice (opening area) Tipping bucket/reed switch 254 mm (10 in.) Sensitivity Capacity Accuracy < 24 mm/h < 120 mm/h Material Cable Weight (w/o installation plate) 500 cm2 (77.5 in.2) 0.2 mm (1/128 in.) 120 mm/h (4.7 in./h) < ± 1 % (weather dependent) <±5% UV stabilized plastic 6 m (19.7 ft.) 1000 g (2.2 lb.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 75 Global Solar Radiation Sensor QMS102 Specifications Property Description/Value Maximum irradiance 2000 W/m2 305 ... 2800 nm (50% points) Spectral range Sensitivity Impedance Response time Non-linearity Temperature dependence of sensitivity Operating temperature Zero-offset due to temperature changes Tilt response Signal output (atmospheric condition) Field of view ISO class Cable length 10 ...
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Net Solar Radiation Sensor Specifications Table 76 Net Radiation Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Spectral response 0 ... 100 µm Detector protection Teflon coated (no domes) Sensitivity (upper detector) 10 µV/W/m2 (nominal) Recommended output -25 ... +25 mV range Sensor asymmetry 20 % Range -2000 ...
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Table 78 Soil Temperature Sensor QMT107 Specifications Property Description/Value Measurement range Output signal Temperature sensor Temperature reference Accuracy, when zero-point calibration has been activated Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Supply voltage VCC Settling time Power consumption Output load Weight (gross/net) Cable length Housing material Housing classification (electronics) Dimensio
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Block Diagram Figure 169 0412-044 Soil Temperature Sensor QMT107 Block Diagram VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 251
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Soil Moisture Sensor Specifications Table 80 Soil Moisture Sensor ML2x Specifications Property Description/Value Full Range 0 ... 1.0 m3.m-3 Accuracy ±0.02 m3.m-3 after calibration to a specific soil type, or, ±0.05 m3.m-3 using the supplied soil calibration, in all 'normal' soils, over range 0.05 to 0.6 m3.m-3 and 0 to 40 °C ambient temperature. Accuracy figures apply over a soil conductivity range of 0 to 100 mS.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Dimensions Figure 170 0105-058 Soil Moisture Sensor Dimensions in mm Soil Moisture Sensor Specifications Table 81 Soil Moisture Sensor ECH2O-M3 Specifications Property Description/Value Measurement parameter Full range Volumetric soil moisture Accuracy Measurement time Resolution Environment Stabilization time Current consumption Dimensions l × w × h Cable length 0 ... 1.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Submersible Water Level Sensor Specifications Table 82 Water Level Sensor PR-36W Specifications Property Description/Value Measuring range Performance (accuracy) From 0 up to 40 m Resolution Output signal Operating temperature Compensated temperature range Housing Weight Vented cable Cable length 0.1 % of F.S. 1 2 3 < 0.01 %. F.S. 4 ... 20 mA, 2- wire -40 ... +90 °C 0 ... +40 °C Stainless steel 0.45 kg (15.9 oz.
Chapter 8 ____________________________________________________________ Technical Data Leaf Wetness Sensor Specifications Table 83 Leaf Wetness Sensor QLW101 Specifications Property Description/Value Sensor type Excitation Time constant Current output Artificial leaf electrical resistance Bipolar (5V nominal) built-in 2 seconds Variable resistance from >1 MΩ (dry) to <130 kΩ (wet) 1mA (typical) at +5 VDC ±10% Supply voltage Sensor area Attached cable length Cable type Recommended max.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor Specifications Table 84 Fuel Moisture/Fuel Temperature Sensor Specifications Property Description/Value Fuel moisture sensing element Dry ponderosa pine dowel with embedded wire electrodes Fuel moisture measurement Capacitance of wood calibrated to read per principal cent of moisture by weight. Fuel moisture measurement accuracy 0 ... 12 %FM 1 12 ...
Appendix A ________________________________________________________________ Glossary APPENDIX A GLOSSARY This appendix contains glossary with explanations of some general meteorological and technical terms and terms used in specifications. Accuracy The degree of conformity of a measured or calculated value to its actual or specified value. Altitude The station altitude in meters from sea level.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ Celsius scale Temperature scale having the freezing point of pure water at 0 °C and the boiling point at 100 °C under standard sea level pressure. All the temperatures measured with MAWS are given in Celsius degrees. Configuration Set of instructions for the MAWS logger. The compiled configuration (a script) is in fact a program that runs in MAWS.
Appendix A ________________________________________________________________ Glossary Precipitation Term that refers to all forms of water particles that fall upon the earth. This includes rain, snow, and hail. It is the universal practice to distinguish between rain, snow, and total precipitation. Snow is sometimes measured as such and sometimes it is melted and measured as water. Pslevel The pressure sensor level in meters from the station altitude.
User's Guide ______________________________________________________________________ 260 __________________________________________________________________M210630EN-B
