SB-INTERPRETER -- SELF TRAINING GUIDE –– By: Tony M.
Triton Imaging Inc. Engineering Office 2121 41st Avenue, Suite 211 Capitola, CA 95010 USA 831-722-7373 831-475-8446 sales@tritonimaginginc.com support@tritonimaginginc.com © 2010 TRITON This training guide is provided as a means to become familiar with TRITON’s software through a series of steps typical for processing data from most sub-bottom surveys, and is not intended as a complete user manual.
TABLE OF CONTENTS TUTORIAL Chapter 1 – Training Overview 1 STEP 1: Open Program ...................... 2 Chapter 2 – Map Window 2 STEP 2: Import Data Files ................. 5 MAP WINDOW REVIEW .......................................... 3 STEP 3A: Import Images: .................. 7,8 IMPORTING SUB-BOTTOM DATA ...................4-5 STEP 3B: Image Adjustments ........... 10,11 IMPORTING BACKGROUND IMAGES ..............6-8 STEP 4: Navigation Processing.........
Chapter 1 – Training Overview This document serves as a self-training guide for SB-Interpreter. Sample data for this tutorial is available on the included DVD located at the back of this booklet. Following along the instructions in this booklet will introduce you to most of the options available within SB-Interpreter. A brief overview of the training program is presented below: Data Import • • Sub-bottom data (SEG-Y, XTF, TRA files) GeoTiffs (Chart, Aerial/Sat.
Chapter 2 – Map Window MAP WINDOW REVIEW SB-Interpreter has two primary interfaces. These are a GIS-based map window of the project data and a profile window to display vertical sections. In this chapter we will review the map window and most of the options available. The remaining options, profile folding, exporting and printing, will be reviewed later in the training guide.
MAP WINDOW REVIEW Upon launching SB-Interpreter, the map window will open as shown above. Important things to note are: • Map View – This is a GIS based view of the project data. Survey tracklines are displayed using the embedded navigation in the seismic files. Geo-referenced imagery can be used as a backdrop for spatial referencing. • File Tree – This is where the imported files will be listed.
IMPORTING SUB-BOTTOM DATA There are currently 3 file types compatible with SB-Interpreter: a. SEG-Y (*.seg, *.sgy, *.segy) b. Triton XTF (*.xtf) c. Delph SEG-Y (*.tra) Sub-bottom files can be imported into the project from the ‘File’ menu, toolbar buttons, and by right-clicking in the ‘Seismic Files’ section of the file tree via two methods. These options are: a. Import File – can select a single file or multiple files in a folder b.
IMPORTING SUB-BOTTOM DATA For this training guide our demo data is in Lat/Lon so SB-Interpreter will automatically set the display projection. STEP 2: Import Data Files a. Select ‘Import Folder’ from the ‘File’ menu b. Select the folder where the demo data was copied to on your hard drive …/DemoFiles/SB-I_DemoFiles/SEGY Once complete, the map view now shows the location of the imported profile lines and the file tree contains line names and reference numbers for each line (P0 to P5).
IMPORTING BACKGROUND IMAGES • There are 3 background file types compatible with SB-Interpreter: a. GeoTiff (*.tif, *.tiff) with embedded spatial data or *.tfw file b. Geo-referenced JPEG (*.jpg, *.jpeg) must have *.jgw file c. ENC Chart (*.enc) must have ENC license to activate this option • SB-Interpreter currently only supports geo-referenced background images with coordinates in meters.
IMPORTING BACKGROUND IMAGES Background imagery can be imported into the project by selecting the ‘Import GeoTiff’ option from the ‘File’ menu, or by right-clicking in the ‘GeoTiff Cells’ section of the file tree and selecting ‘Add Layer’. STEP 3A: Import Images: a. Select ‘Import GeoTiff’ from the ‘File’ menu b. Select the folder where the demo data was copied to on your hard drive …/DemoFiles/SB-I_DemoFiles/TIFF c. Select the file ‘Topo.
IMPORTING BACKGROUND IMAGES The projection only needs to be set once. The same projection will then be used for all subsequent background imports. STEP 3A: Import Images (cont.) d. Select ‘Universal Transverse Mercator’ e. Select ‘Zone 18 North’ f. Select ‘WGS Datum (1984)’ g. Repeat import process for remaining image files (photo.tif & k3000SSS_small.tif) This will bring in the three background images layered on top of one another as shown on the following page.
BACKGROUND IMAGE ADJUSTMENTS As mentioned previously, the file tree order controls the order of files displayed in the map view. The tiffs located higher in the file tree structure are shown on top of those lower in the file tree. In this example the sidescan tiff is on top of the aerial photo, which is displayed over the background topo. There are a few options in SB-Interpreter that can make these images more useful for spatial referencing.
Use the sliding bar to control the amount of transparency To change the order, right‐click on the GeoTiff and select ‘Move up’ or ‘Move down’ Check box for making selected color transparent Image color chosen to be transparent, to change click on color and select alternate color BACKGROUND IMAGE ADJUSTMENTS Image adjustments are made by right-clicking on the individual tiffs. Options for adjusting the background images include changing the view order and adjusting transparency in ‘Alpha Settings’.
BACKGROUND IMAGE ADJUSTMENTS With the aerial photo showing through the chart, the default color for the sub-bottom profile navigation lines is too dark. Color options for survey navigation are located in the ‘Application Settings’. STEP 3B: Image Adjustments (cont.) d. Select the ‘Colors’ tab in ‘Application Settings’ in the ‘View’ menu e. Click on the current color for ‘Navigation’ f.
PROCESS NAVIGATION An important step to take once the sub-bottom data is imported is to process the navigation in the data files. This process will smooth navigation and place markers in each sub-bottom line at locations where lines intersect. Navigation processing can be launched from the ‘File’ menu or by right-clicking on individual data files to process just that lines navigation or on the root ‘Seismic Files’ folder to process the navigation for all files. STEP 4: Navigation Processing a.
PROCESS NAVIGATION Boxcar Settings is a collection of common navigation processing steps for removing errors in navigation data. A brief description of the processing parameters and their options is presented below.
PROCESS NAVIGATION STEP 4:: Navigatio ion Processin ing (cont.) c. Select S the options o show own above in the ‘Boxccar Settings gs’ window and a select ‘OK’ ‘ (c (closes ‘Boxc xcar Setting gs’ and retuurns you too ‘Process Navigation’) N ) d. In the ‘Proccess Naviga ation’ window ow, verify the t ‘Auto sa ave’ and ‘Ch Check Interssections’ b boxes are checked c and d then click k ‘Start’ e.
MAP VIE EW PAN/ZO OOM OPTIO ONS Now that we have all a of our file es of intere est in the map m view, the ere are a se everal option ns for a the map. m As sho own earlier, there are 5 zoom buttton options with some of o these moving around also available under the ‘View’ menu.
MAP VIE EW PAN/ZO OOM OPTIO ONS Zooming into the ma ap view will enlarge an area of inte erest in the e view windo ow which allo ows for curate meassurements. Using the ‘Measure’ to oolbar butto on we can measure m survvey line more acc spacing or o the swath width of inserted i sid descan imag ges. By click king on the toolbar buttton, the ‘Cursor’ tab t which shows the cu ursor positio on is change ed to the ‘M Measure’ tab b to display measure ement resultts.
VIEW/O OPEN PROFI ILES There arre a few me ethods for opening o and viewing sub b-bottom prrofiles. 1.. Double-click on the navigation n line in the map m view to open o an indiividual profile. 2. Right-clic ck on the su ub-bottom data d file in the t file tree and selectt ‘View’ to open o an individual profile. 3. Right-clic ck on the file tree roott folder ‘Se eismic Files’ and select ‘View All’ to o open all profile es in the project.
Chapterr 3 – Profile Window w PROFILE E WINDOW W REVIEW In addition to the GIS-based G m window of the projject data, SB-Interpre map S eter has a se eparate f viewing the sub-botttom profile es. At the end e of the previous p cha apter the final step window for was to open all prof files embedd ded in the project. p Eac ch profile opens o in its own o window.
PROFILE E WINDOW W REVIEW Each pro ofile will ope en into a sep parate wind dow. Shown above is th he profile window for file ‘20040923THU_EW W1’. Importtant things to t note are:: V Profile View • Displays a vertical sec ction of the sub-bottom s p profile. • When the e cursor move es across the e profile, the e cursor posittion in the map view show ws the spatial possition along the t navigation trackline.
PROFILE E TOOLBAR R REVIEW Some of the t toolbar buttons b in th he profile win ndow, such ass the pan/zoo om options an nd the measu urement tool, func ction the sam me as in the map m window. Editing optio ons include Cut, C Copy, Passte and Delette, and are availa able for work king with reflectors. Brie ef descriptio ons of the remaining toolb bar buttons are a presented d below.
REVERSE PROFILE IMAGE The link between cu ursor positio on in the profile view and a map view w is sometim mes out of sync. s Profiles are drawn from f the sttart of line on o the left to end of line on the riight whethe er they n east to we est or west to east. were ran To get cursor movement in the e profile to match m the direction d of f movement in the map view it n to o reverse th he image dirrection. Th his is done with w the too olbar button n circled may be necessary above.
P PROFILE SE ETTINGS/C CHANNEL OPTIONS O I Image enhan ncements to o assist with h interpreta ation can be e made using options fo ound in the profile w window setttings accesssed using the toolbar bu utton. A brrief description of the ‘Profile Setttings’ w window and the ‘Channe el’ tab as shown in the image i above e is describe ed below.
TIME/D DEPTH RANGE Within this t tab it iss possible to o adjust the e viewable vertical v rang ge. Reviewing the prof files indicatess that mostt of the retu urns are fro om above 10 00ms. By ad djusting the e display tim me range we can ig gnore the re est of the profile p and focus f on the e times (depths) of intterest. Ava ailable options are a describe ed below.
TIME/D DEPTH RANGE Shown above is the time/depth h scale adjustment resu ults for pro ofile P1 (200 040923THU U_EW1), he six profiles in the project thatt was adjustted simultan neously. There are a co ouple one of th things to o note in the e images ab bove. 1. The T depth sc cale on the right side of o each prof file indicate es the defau ult settings for th his profile shows s from 0 to 150mss, and the ad djusted pro ofile time/depth range only extending to o 100ms bassed on the settings chosen.
ANNOTATION Shown above are th he annotatio on options. This T contro ols what is displayed d in the profile esented belo ow. window. A description of each item is pre Show w Rulers Th his is the ax xis labels wh hich indicatte the horizontal and ve ertical grid line va alues. Show w Grid - Shows S the grid g lines ovverlaying the profile. - Vertical V tic every: Defines the spa acing of the e vertical grrid lines. - Horizontal H t every: Defines tic D the spacing of the t horizonttal grid line es.
LUT COL LOR/GAIN OPTIONS Changing g color paletttes is grea at for bringiing out weak k reflectorss and poorly y delineated d structurres. Here are some com mments on the t options available. Color Pallette Sevveral color palettes p are e available in ncluding bi-p polar paletttes which arre best for displaying both b positivve and negattive signals in analog da ata. Flat Gain n Adjusts signal gain for the e entire pro ofile with a constant va alue. Usefull when who ole profile iss washed ou ut.
LUT COL LOR/GAIN OPTIONS In the previous exa ample the co olor palette was stretched across the entire range of potential d signal inte ensities. Ussing the ‘Clip p’ and ‘Fit’ options allow w users to adjust the in ntensity returned range th he color is sp pread acrosss. Here is a quick overrview on how w to use the ese options.. • Inverrt Reverrses the color palette. • Clip Adjussts the rang ge the signa als are displa ayed. If ussed without ‘Fit’, it does not affec ct the color range.
LUT COL LOR/GAIN OPTIONS This process reduce ed the overssaturation of o the stron ng returns but b also wasshed out parts ata. Fine tu uning these settings ca an significan ntly enhance e image quality and assist of the da with inte erpretation.. It is always best to play with these t settin ngs during in nterpretatio on to pull th he most out of c w with the tuttorial, let’s manually m retturn our color the sub--bottom datta. Before continuing options to t the default settingss.
SIGNAL L OPTIONS S Options in the signa al settings allow a the use er the selec ct how the signal s is displayed in th he w profile window. Rectifica ation • W With unipolar data ‘None’ is the best choice. c • W With bi-polar data it is po ossible to sho ow either the e positive or negative sign nals. ‘Rect’ converts c th he entire signal to positivve and ‘None’ will display both the possitive and neg gative signalss. Downsam mpling • D Discards portions of signa al for display on PC monito ors.
FILTER OPTIONS Four typ pes of filterrs are availa able to enha ance the dissplay of the profiles as described below. To enablle each filte er check the e ‘On’ box. Bandpasss Filter • Pe erforms Fast--Fourier Transsform processing on input sig gnal. Enter a high pass and low pass value e. • Apodization app plies a tapering function bringing the inpu ut signal value to zero at either end.
BOTTOM M TRACK OPTIONS O The wate er bottom can c be autom matically de efined using g the followiing ‘Bottom Track’ setttings.
BOTTOM M TRACK OPTIONS O To get the bottom tracking t to closely align with the water w botto om, it generally takes a few ns adjusting g the setting gs and comp puting the results. r The e options sh hown on the iteration previous page (Page 31) are a good place to o start with h most data sets. STEP 14 4: Bottom m Tracking a Select the a.
BOTTOM M TRACK OPTIONS O Since all other prof files have a good fit, we e will just re efine the bo ottom track king for the e last profile. STEP 14 4: Bottom m Tracking (cont.) ( c Change c. ‘Delta a Sensitivity ty’ to 5% ‘Delta a’ to 0.28m ms ‘Holdo doff’ to 10m ms (deeper profile) Selec ct from the e drop-down wn ‘Profile’ list l ‘P5 – 20 0040930TH HU_EW5’ d Click ‘Com d.
SWELL FILTERING F G Once you u have the bottom b trac ck defined you y may wan nt to try and d remove diistortions in n the image ca aused by swe ell motion. This is done e in the ‘Botttom Track’ tab of the e ‘Profile Settings’ using the e following options.
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS Reflecto ors seen in the t sub-botttom profile es can be tra aced using the t ‘Digitize e’ toolbar bu utton. Here are e a few thin ngs to know about digitizing reflec ctors with SB-Interpre S eter. • R Reflectors can be digitized using a manual poin nt and click method. • C Clicking on th he ‘Reflecto or’ tab will automatical a ly enter dig gitize mode. The ‘Digitize’ to oolbar butto on will be ac ctivated wh hen a reflecttor is selectted.
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS Clicking on the ‘Refllector’ tab will w display the list of reflectors r c created for this projec ct. By ways an ‘R0’ reflector created, c butt without an ny points dig gitized. Forr this default, there is alw tutorial, we will use ‘R0’ for the e water botttom and auttomatically generate po osition node es along the horiz zon using th he bottom tracking t ressults. We will w then add d reflectors for the bassement horizon and a for an additional a prominent ho orizon.
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS As seen in the top image, with a node spac cing of 20 shots there is an overall good fit between b nd the ‘R0’ reflector. r A few spotss still stand out where the reflecttor the botttom track an deviatess from the bottom b trac ck. This willl occur wherre the topog graphy chan nges betwee en position nodes and can c be minim mized by de ecreasing no ode spacing in the ‘Appllication Settings’ e map windo ow (see wind dow on page e 36).
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS When ma aking multip ple reflectors it is usef ful to chang ge the refle ector name and a colors. This is very help pful when correlating reflectors r f from one pro ofile to the e next. STEP 16 6A: Digitiz ze Water Bottom B (connt.) g Change reflector g. r na ame Rightt-click on the th reflectoor ‘R0’ and select ‘Renname’ ‘Chang nge the nam me from ‘R0 0’ to ‘Water er Bottom’ h Change reflector h.
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS To deline eate other horizons seen in the su ub-bottom data, d additio onal reflecttors can be added. The T reflecttor name can n be entere ed during the creation phase p or latter as descrribed on the prrevious page e (page 38). STEP 16 6B: Digitiz ze Basemennt a. Right-click R on o ‘Reflecto tors’ and se elect ‘A Add Reflecttor’ b. Change C the name from m ‘R1’ to ‘Ba asement’ c.
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS There arre two locattions where the baseme ent crops ou ut at the se eabed and ovverlaps with h our water bo ottom reflector. To re emove the basement b re eflector whe ere the outc crops occur, we must bre eak the refllector at th hese location ns. STEP 16 6B: Digitiz ze Basemennt (cont.) f Zoom intto the outcr f. crop areas with w the ‘Pa Pan/Zoom’ toolbar to buttton g Select the g. th ‘Select’ toolbar but utton shownn above h Left-clicck on the digitized h.
DIGITIZ ZE REFLECT TORS The nextt step afterr the water bottom and d basement are digitize ed is to add d reflectorss for any additiona al horizons. In the dem mo data sett, there is a distinct sedimentary boundary. b STEP 16 6C: Digitiz ze Horizon1 1 a. Using U the sa ame steps used u for ad dding the ‘B Basement’ reflector, r a add one moore for th prominen the ent sediment nt layer see en in the prrofiles and call it ‘Horrizon1’ and d digitize th ‘Horizonn1’ reflectoor on all proofiles the b.
PROFILE E MEASURE EMENT TOOL Zooming into the prrofile will en nlarge an area of intere est in the viiew window which allow ws for curate meassurements. Using the ‘Measure’ to oolbar butto on we can measure m the depth more acc and widtth of the se edimentary basin b seen in the profille above. By y clicking on n the ‘Measure’ toolbar button, b the ‘Cursor’ tab b which show ws the curssor position is changed to the ‘Mea asure’ tab to diisplay measu urement ressults.
PROFILE E FOLDING G TOOL Profile folding f attem mpts to rep produce the "folded pap per record"" method of f checking reflector intersections acrosss lines and is i a special mode accesssed from th he map wind dow by click king on ding’ toolbarr button or by selecting g ‘Folding’ in n the ‘Tools’ menu. Herre are some e things the ‘Fold to know: • T This feature e is not availlable until navigation n iss processed and interse ections are co omputed. • W When selectted, opens a new empty profile win ndow.
PROFILE E FOLDING G TOOL To add liine segmentts to the prrofile window w, click on the t connected navigatio on line segm ments in the map window. Ass each line segment s is clicked, c the e profile datta for that segment s willl be added to o the folded d profile win ndow, bound ded by the red r lines ind dicating pro ofile interse ections. As with the normal profile view w, the curso or position in n the map view v will follow the curssor nt in the pro ofile window w.
Chapte er 4 – Ex xporting and a Printting OUTPUT T OPTIONS S Following g data proce essing and interpretatiion, it is oftten desirablle to exportt the resultts to use in third--party softw ware or for publicationss. Below is a list of outtput optionss available for f exportin ng and printing from SB B-Interpretter. 1. Reflectors: R Exports ref flectors to an ASCII file f containing coordina ate and deptth in nformation. 2.
EXPORT T REFLECTO ORS Reflecto ors can be exported e to an ASCII file f containiing the XYZ Z values of each e digitized position node eitherr for individ dual profiless using the profile p wind dow export options or for f all m window. Since only the node po ositions gett exported, the closer the t profiles from the map acing, the hiigher the along track resolution. r A Across trac ck resolution n is controllled by node spa survey line spacing. STEP 19 9A: Export rt All Reflec ectors a Select ‘E a.
EXPORT T REFLECTO ORS list of exporte ed files To keep track of yo our exports,, it is a good d idea to cre eate an ut all exports into. Forr large data asets, it also o ‘Export’ folder to pu olders for each e export type. helps to make subfo STEP 19 9A: Export rt All Reflec ectors (contt.) b Click on the change b. e export foolder buttonn and choosse an exporrt location c Navigate c.
EXPORT T THICKNES SS Exportin ng the thick kness betwe een two reflectors has a very simillar interface to the ref flector export window. w As with the re eflectors, ex xporting fro om the prof file window only exportts the values frrom that profile while exporting e from the ma ap window ex xports value es for thick kness between n the selecte ed reflectors for all prrofiles.
EXPORT T PROCESSE ED NAVIGA ATION Processe ed navigatio on resides in n the cache files create ed during th he file impo ort process. To replace the t raw navvigation in th he SEG-Y (o or XTF) file e, we use the ‘Processed d Nav’ expo ort option which will write a new SEG-Y (or XT TF) file with h the proce essed naviga ation in place of the gation.
EXPORT T IMAGE CU URTAIN A geo-re eference ve ertical tiff image of a profile p can be b exported d from the profile wind dow or all prrofiles can be b exported d simultaneo ously using the export options fro om the map wind dow. For ea ach profile exported, e in n addition to o the tiff file,, a small tex xt file is alsso generated d containing g some basic c metadata for the export. An example e of the tex xt file is sho own to the right. r Some e importantt export options are a discusse ed below.
EXPORT T IMAGE CU URTAIN Image siize and verttical resoluttion are set by adjustin ng the vertiical exaggerration. Incrreasing the verttical exaggeration will increase the e vertical re esolution and the resultting image file f size. STEP 19 9D: Export rt Image Cuurtain for P5 P a In the ‘F a. File’ menu for f profile P5 P (file 200 0040930THU HU_EW5.SE EG), select ‘Export/I /Image Curttain’ b Select export b. ex folde er used forr thickness export c Select options c.
EXPORT T IMAGE CU URTAIN Increasing the verttical exaggeration of th he export will w increase the vertica al resolution n of the d profile data. STEP 19 9D: Export rt Image Cuurtain for P5 P (cont.) d Change ‘Vertical d. ‘V Ex xaggerationn’ to 30x ass shown aboove e Select ‘E e. Export’ There arre a few ma ajor differe ences betwe een the resu ults shown above a exported at 30x to those on n page 51 ex xported at 5x.
EXPORT T IMAGE CU URTAIN Along track correcttion is imporrtant when a user is mo ore concern ned about sp patial accura acy than W picking g reflectors or interpre eting featurres seen in the t profile, it is interpretability. When h this fe eature turne ed off. This is due to the t gaps or striping seen in the da ata when best to have using alo ong track co orrections. However, if f locating fe eatures see en in the pro ofile data, using u ‘Along Trrack Correc ction’ will yie eld more ac ccurate resu ults.
T IVS SD FI ILE EXPORT Profiles can be expo orted to 3D D image filess formatted d as Flederm maus SD file es for viewiing in ee viewer. All A profiles can be expo orted simultaneously from the ma ap view menu u option their fre or individ dually from the profile e view. In ad ddition to the t survey liine profiles, a ‘folded profile’ p can be exported to an IVS SD file. Returrning to the folded prof file created d in Step 18 8 (see 3-44), we wiill use this profile p to ge enerate ourr 3D export.
P PRINTING MAPS AND D PROFILES S T save a co To opy of the map m window,, SB-Interpreter includ des the optiion to print the map. If I you h have Adobe Acrobat, yo ou can printt directly to o a pdf. S STEP 20A: Print Map p Window a. In the map window ‘File le’ menu, se elect ‘Printt Map’ b. In the ‘Page e Setup’ opt ptions, click k ‘Printer’ inn the lowerr right cornner c. Select S ‘Adob be PDF’ froom the drop op down listt and click ‘OK’ (or sellect any pri rinter) d.
PRINTIN NG MAPS AND A PROFILES Profiles can be printed individu ually from the profile window w or alll at the sam me time from the dow. Option ns for printing profiless are similarr to map printing option ns with an extra map wind option fo or printing multiple m pro ofiles per pa age. If desired, along track t corre ections can be b applied to t the profiles during printing p in the ‘Print Layout’ window w. STEP 20 0B: Print Profiles P a In the map a.
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