USER GUIDE Trimble® SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas
USER GUIDE Trimble SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas ® Version 3.
Corporate Office Trimble Navigation Limited 935 Stewart Drive Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA www.trimble.com Construction Business Area Trimble Navigation Limited Construction Business Area 5475 Kellenburger Road Dayton, Ohio 45424-1099 USA 800-538-7800 (toll free in USA) +1-937-245-5600 Phone +1-937-233-9004 Fax www.trimble.com E-mail: trimble_support@trimble.com Legal Notices Copyright and Trademarks © 2006–2007, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights reserved.
Safety Information Before you use your Trimble® SPS GPS receiver, make sure that you have read and understood all safety requirements. Regulations and safety The receivers contain an internal radio-modem and can send signals through Bluetooth® wireless technology or through an external data communications radio. Regulations regarding the use of the 450 MHz radio-modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license.
Safety Information • • All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble installation instructions for safe operation. All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician. For license-free 900 MHz radio1 C CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure requirements of the FCC, always observe the precautions listed here. • Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.
Safety Information This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below. Antennas not included in this list are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms. The antennas that can be used (country dependent) with the 450 MHz radio are 0 dBi and 5 dBi whip antennas. The antennas that can be used (country dependent) with the 900 MHz radio are 0 dBi, 3 dBi, and 5 dBi whip antennas. The antennas that can be used (country dependant) with the 2.
Safety Information 6 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
Contents Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Regulations and safety . . . . . . . . . . . Type approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exposure to radio frequency radiation . For 450 MHz radio . . . . . . . . . For license-free 900 MHz radio . For Bluetooth radio . . . . . . . . Installing antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents 3 Batteries and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 External power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Battery performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Charging the Lithium-ion batteries . . . . . . . . . . . Storing the Lithium-ion battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents 7 AutoBase Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Setting Up a Base Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Best practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antenna type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents PDOP . . . SIGMA . . SV Brief . . SV Detail . UTC . . . . Batt/Mem Attitude . . Flags . . . C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 Welcome to the SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide. This manual describes how to set up and use the Trimble® SPSx80 and SPSx81Smart GPS antennas. The SPS GPS receivers is a family of receivers that comprise the SPSx50 and SPSx51 Modular GPS receivers, and the SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS antennas. Where necessary, this manual contains references to specific receivers in the product family.
1 Introduction About the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna The SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family comprises the following Smart GPS antennas: • SPS781 Basic base • SPS781 Basic rover • SPS781 Max • SPS881 Extreme The Smart GPS antennas are designed for all on-the-rod rover operation and rapid daily base station setup operation. All the SPSx81 Smart GPS antennas track the GPS L1/L2 and modernized L2C satellite signals.
Introduction 1 If you need to contact Trimble technical support, complete the online inquiry form at www.trimble.com/support_form.asp. Your Comments Your feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each revision. E-mail your comments to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com.
1 14 Introduction SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
CHAPTER 2 Features and Functions In this chapter: Q SPS780 Smart GPS antenna features Q SPS781 Smart GPS antenna standard features Q 2 The Smart GPS antennas are designed to be used for the following infrastructure and site development applications: • Layout of structure foundations, caissons and piles SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard features • Earthworks, fine grading and finishing stakeout operations Q SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard features • Q Use and care Initial s
2 Features and Functions Overview The SPS780/SPS781 and SPS880 Extreme/SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antennas (see Figure 2.1) are very similar in setup, operational use, and controls. The SPS880 Extreme/SPS881 Extreme has a taller antenna dome to accommodate the larger GPS antenna and the circuitry required to track additional GPS signals and GLONASS satellites. Figure 2.
Features and Functions 2 SPS780 Basic features Base station only, or rover only, operation SPS780 Basic base • Base station operational range limited only by normal restrictions common to UHF radio transmissions • Integrated transmit radio (450 MHz Base configuration only) • Entry level price point for lower cost of base station • Can be upgraded to the SPS780 Max SPS780 Basic rover • 2 Hz measurement rover receiver update rate • Rover operational range limited to 1.5 mile (2.
2 Features and Functions SPS781 Basic features • Can be upgraded to the SPS781 Max SPS880 Extreme Smart GPS antenna standard features • Small, lightweight design – 1.35 kg (2.97 lb) (integrated radio, GPS receiver, GPS antenna and battery); 3.71 kg (8.
Features and Functions 2 Use and care This product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough environment that typically occurs in construction applications. However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument and should be treated with reasonable care. C CAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified temperature range can damage it. For more information, see Chapter 10, Specifications. COCOM limits The U.S.
Features and Functions 2 Power LED Radio LED Power button Satellite LED Figure 2.2 Front panel The power button controls the receiver’s power on or off functions. The indicator LEDs show the status of power, satellite tracking, and radio reception. For more information, see LED behavior, page 22.
Features and Functions 2 Lower housing Figure 2.3 shows the lower housing of the SPS781 Smart GPS antenna. The lower housing is the same for the SPS780 and SPS880 Extreme, except for the identifying label. The housing contains the two serial ports, one TNC radio antenna connector, the removable battery compartment and the 5/8-11 threaded insert. Receiver identifying identifying TNC radio antenna connection Port 2 5/8-11" threaded insert Port 1 Figure 2.
2 Features and Functions Port 1 is a 7-pin 0-shell Lemo connector that supports RS-232 communications and external power input. Port 1 has no power outputs. Port 2 is a DB-9 male connector that allows for full 9-pin RS-232 communications. Port 2 does not support power in or out. For more information on default port settings, see Default receiver settings, page 68. The TNC port connector is for connecting a radio antenna to the receiver internal radio.
Features and Functions 2 LED flash patterns The following table details the possible flash patterns to indicate various states of receiver operation.
2 24 Features and Functions SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
CHAPTER 3 Batteries and Power In this chapter: Q External power Q Battery safety Q Battery performance Q Charging the Lithium-ion batteries Q Storing the Lithium-ion battery Q Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery 3 The GPS receiver is powered by an internal Lithium-ion battery, which can be detached from the receiver for charging. The receiver can also be connected to an external power source through Port 1.
3 Batteries and Power External power The GPS receiver uses an external power source in preference to its internal batteries. If the receiver is not connected to an external power source, or if the external power supply fails, the internal batteries are used. While carrying out static measurements for postprocessed computations using the internal memory, if no external power is supplied and the internal battery is drained, the receiver shuts down.
Batteries and Power 3 Charging the Lithium-ion batteries C WARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal injury and/or equipment damage. To prevent injury or damage: – Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.
3 Batteries and Power Do not store the batteries in the receiver or in the external charger unless power is applied. Keep all batteries on continuous charge when not in use. You can keep batteries on charge indefinitely without damage to the batteries. Disposing of the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery Discharge a Lithium-ion battery before disposing of it.
CHAPTER 4 Setup Guidelines In this chapter: Q Base station operation guidelines Q Rover operation guidelines 4 GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation provides centimeter-level accuracy by eliminating errors that are present in the GPS system. For all RTK operations, you require both a base station and a rover receiver.
4 Setup Guidelines Base station operation guidelines A base station consists of a receiver that is placed at a known (and fixed) position. The receiver tracks the same satellites that are being tracked by the rover receiver, at the same time that the rover is tracking them. Errors in the GPS system are monitored at the fixed (and known) base station, and a series of position corrections are computed.
Setup Guidelines 4 Base station setup guidelines For good performance, observe the following base station setup guidelines: • Place the GPS receiver in a location on the jobsite where equal range in all directions provides full coverage of the site. This is more important on larger jobsites, where the broadcast range of the base station radio may limit the operations of the GPS system. • Place the GPS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight to the sky in all directions.
4 Setup Guidelines Cell phone towers can interfere with the base station radio broadcast and can stop corrections from reaching the rover receiver. High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar transmitter can overwhelm the receiver circuits. This does not harm the receiver, but can prevent the receiver electronics from functioning correctly. Low-power transmitters, such as those in cell phones and two-way radios, do not interfere with receiver operations.
Setup Guidelines 4 • Trimble recommends that you install lightning protection equipment at permanent base station locations. Equipment should include a gas capsule lightning protector in the GPS and radio antenna feed line and appropriate safety grounding. A static dissipater near the antennas can reduce the likelihood of a direct lightning strike. Also protect any communications and power lines at building entry points.
4 Setup Guidelines Choose a rover receiver according to the needs of the job: • A Smart GPS antenna, such as the SPSx80 or SPSx81, incorporates the GPS receiver, GPS antenna, power supply, and receive radio into a single compact unit. A Smart GPS antenna can be rapidly set up on a pole, vehicle, or backpack. This makes it easy to carry when you are measuring around the jobsite.
Setup Guidelines • The SPS850 Extreme/SPS851 Extreme and the SPS880 Extreme/SPS881 Extreme can track the GPS L2C modernization signal. Additionally, these receivers can track the GPS L5 modernization signal and some receivers can also track the GLONASS satellite constellation ( for more information, see GPS satellite signal tracking, page 75). These signals help you to get positions at the worst times of the day and in the worst GPS locations, but do not guarantee that you will.
4 Setup Guidelines Figure 4.1 Rod mount for a modular GPS receiver To mount the modular GPS receiver on a marine vessel, use the receiver bracket (P/N 56830-00). For marine moving base and heading applications, use the receiver bracket to mount two receivers together. 36 • Make sure that the rover receiver does not lose power. An SPSx50 or SPSx51 is typically powered by its internal battery. You cannot change the battery, but the charge typically lasts for longer than a working day.
Setup Guidelines – gasoline engines (spark plugs) – televisions and computer monitors – alternators and generators – electric motors – equipment with DC-to-AC converters – fluorescent lights – switching power supplies 4 • Trimble recommends that, wherever possible, all GPS receiver equipment is protected from rain or water.
4 Setup Guidelines – Cellular modem or a cellular phone that can transmit data • Serial (cell phone to DB9) cable (supplied with the cellular modem or phone). • Port 2 of the Smart GPS antenna supports full RS-232 protocol, and should function properly with most cell phone cables. Some cellular units may require custom cabling. Alternatively, the receiver also supports a cable-free Bluetooth connection with Bluetooth-enabled cell phones.
CHAPTER 5 Setting up the Receiver In this chapter: Q Connecting the receiver to external devices Q Common ways to set up a base station Q Common ways to set up a rover receiver 5 In this chapter, recommendations for setting up the receiver as a base station or for rover operations are provided. The recommendations cover a variety of common use scenarios. Note – This chapter provides setup information for all the receivers in the SPS GPS receiver family.
5 Setting up the Receiver Connecting the receiver to external devices You can connect a Smart GPS antenna to the following devices: • a Trimble controller running the Trimble SCS900 Site Controller software • an external radio-modem Trimble controller with SCS900 Site Controller software You can operate an SPS GPS receiver with any Trimble controller, for example, a TSC2 or TCU controller, that is running the SCS900 software.
Setting up the Receiver 5 External radio-modems The most common data link for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation is a radio. The Smart GPS antenna is available with the following internal radios: • 410 – 430 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only) • 430 – 450 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only) • 450 – 470 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only) • 900 MHz (Rx only) Note – “Tx” indicates that the radio transmits corrections. “Rx” indicates that the receiver receives corrections.
5 Setting up the Receiver A semi-permanent or permanent base station helps to eliminate the types of error that can result from repeated daily setups, and ensures that you always use the GPS antenna at the exact original location. The requirement for a permanent base station setup increases as more receivers that use the base station as a source of corrections, increases the cost of any base station downtime.
Setting up the Receiver Figure 5.1 5 SPSx50 receiver permanent installation Setting up a base station for daily site use: T-Bar For construction applications where a daily setup and takedown of equipment is required for security reasons, Trimble recommends that you use a T-Bar setup. The T-Bar consists of a post mounted in concrete (so it cannot move), which has a solid metal T-Bar mounted to it to provide lateral and vertical separation between the GPS antenna and radio antenna.
5 Setting up the Receiver Each day, mount the GPS antenna on the GPS end of the T-Bar and the radio antenna on the Radio end of the T-Bar. Connect the antennas to the receiver using the appropriate cables.The receiver uses its own integrated battery, or an external 12 V battery through the 12 V crocodile clips cable that are provided with the receiver.
Setting up the Receiver 5 receiver front panel. Take great care to ensure that the GPS antenna is set up accurately over the control point, and that the GPS antenna height is measured accurately, in the right way (vertical or slope height) to the right location on the antenna (base of antenna or to a specified location on the antenna). When you start the rover receiver, it is extremely important to check in, at one or more known locations, to check for possible position or height errors.
Setting up the Receiver 5 SPSx50 with a low-gain “rubber duck” antenna Figure 5.3 SPSx50 with an external high-gain antenna SPSx80 with an internal 450 MHz TX radio Tripod and tribrach setup Fixed height tripod setup A fixed height tripod setup is similar to a tripod setup, but is simplified by the central leg of the tripod, that is placed directly on the control point.
Setting up the Receiver 5 Radio antenna bracket SPSx50 with a low-gain “rubber duck” antenna Figure 5.4 SPSx50 with an external highgain radio antenna SPSx80 with an internal 450 MHz TX radio on a fixed height tripod Fixed height tripod setup Common ways to set up a rover receiver You can set up a rover receiver in different ways depending on the application.
5 Setting up the Receiver Setting up the rover receiver on a jobsite vehicle C CAUTION – This following rover setup is suited only to offroad (jobsite) vehicle use. Do not use this method on a vehicle that is driven at speed or in traffic. 1. 2. Do one of the following, depending on your receiver: – SPSx50 or SPSx51: Mount the GPS antenna for the receiver on the roof of the vehicle. Use a single magnetic mount or a 5/8"×11 thread bolt attached to the roof bars.
Setting up the Receiver Figure 5.5 5 Configuring an SPSx50 from the cab. A Zephyr Model 2 antenna is mounted on the roof. Setting up the rover receiver on a rod For rod-based operation, mount the SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver as follows: 1. Mount the two rod brackets on the rod. 2. Tighten the top bracket, making sure that it is at a convenient height for the receiver. 3. Place the receiver in the slot in the rod bracket, and secure with the tripod clip. 4.
5 Setting up the Receiver For rod-based operation, mount the SPSx80 or SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna as follows: 1. Mount the receiver on the top of the rod using the 5/8"×11 thread in the base of the SPSx80 or SPSx81. 2. Insert the controller into the controller bracket. 3. The SPSx80 or SPSx81 and controller communicates through Bluetooth wireless technology. However, if a cable is required, connect the cable between the controller and receiver (see Figure 5.6 through Figure 5.7).
Setting up the Receiver 5 Setting up a rover receiver on a belt or in a backpack If you prefer to work free of the weight of the receiver on a pole, you can mount the rover receiver on a belt (SPSx50 or SPSx51 only) or carry it in/on a backpack (all receivers). When you wear the receiver on a belt, ensure that the display is always visible so that you can easily check the status of the receiver.
5 52 Setting up the Receiver SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
CHAPTER 6 Configuring the Receiver Settings In this chapter: Q Using the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radios Q Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessing Q Configuring the receiver in real time Q Configuring the receiver using application files Q Creating and editing the configuration files that control the receiver 6 You can configure the Smart GPS antennas in a variety of ways.
6 Configuring the Receiver Settings Using the SCS900 Site Controller software to configure the base station, the rover, and the radios As part of a total system solution for construction applications, the SPS GPS receivers are operated by a TSCe, ACU, TCU, or TSC2 controller running the SCS900 Site Controller software.
Configuring the Receiver Settings 6 Configuring the receiver to log data for postprocessing The receivers do not come equipped with the Data Logging option. The receivers can have this added either at the time of purchase, or at a later date as an option.
6 Configuring the Receiver Settings • Logging Rate • SV Enable/Disable • Output Message • Antenna • Device Control • Static/Kinematic • Input Message An application file does not have to contain all of these records. When you apply an application file, any option that is not included in the records in the file remains at its current setting.
Configuring the Receiver Settings • Position rate • Elevation mask 6 These parameters are always reset to the factory default values whenever the receiver is switched off. Power Up application file The power up application file (Power_up.cfg) is used to set the receiver to a specific configuration any time the unit is powered up. In this file, you can specify that the receiver is reset to defaults before the power up settings are applied.
6 Configuring the Receiver Settings Naming application files The application filename in the office computer and in the receiver are always the same. This makes it easier to recognize and keep track of your application files. When you change the name of the application file in the receiver, this changes the application filename on your computer. When you transfer an application file from the receiver and save it to the computer, the system renames the file to match the internal receiver file.
Configuring the Receiver Settings 6 Installing new versions of the Configuration Toolbox software into a directory containing a previous version overwrites the older program and data files. By default, application files located in the root installation folder, C:\TOOLBOX, are moved to the APPFILE\ subfolder. The installation program creates the subfolders shown in Table 6.1 within the installation folder. Table 6.1 Subfolders within the installation folder Subfolder Description bin\ Contains the Conf
6 Configuring the Receiver Settings Transmitting the application file to the receiver 1. Connect the data/power cable (P/N 32345 or 59044 (RoHS compliant)) to the receiver and the computer. 2. Connect the O-shell Lemo connector to the receiver port. 3. Connect the female DB9 connector to the computer. 4. Connect the power leads of the data/power cable to the power supply. 5. To open the application file you require, select File / Open. 6.
CHAPTER 7 AutoBase Feature Q Best practice The Trimble SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, and SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antennas feature AutoBase™ technology, which provides the following advantages: Q Antenna type • Reduced risk of a setup that uses incorrect base station coordinates. • Reduced daily setup times for a mobile base station. When you use an SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna as a base station receiver, you do not need to reconfigure the receiver at the start of each day.
7 AutoBase Feature Setting Up a Base Station The AutoBase feature influences how you set up an SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna as a base station. Before the receiver can transmit RTK corrections (that is, operate as an RTK base station), the current position of the receiver must correspond to a previous base station position. The base station position—latitude, longitude, and height—must be part of the GPS site calibration.
AutoBase Feature 7 Antenna type The selected antenna type determines which options are available for determining the antenna height. The AutoBase feature uses an antenna type of “R8 Model 2/SPS880 Internal.” Scenarios These scenarios describe what you may experience when using AutoBase technology. Note – The AutoBase Warning feature is always turned on in an SPS781, SPS880 Extreme, or SPS881 Extreme Smart GPS antenna.
7 AutoBase Feature C CAUTION – If there are two or more base positions within a 50 meter radius of your current position, the receiver will make the most recently created base position file active. 7. C The antenna type, antenna height, and measurement method used in the previous setup of this base station are applied.
AutoBase Feature 7 AutoBase process Power on receiver Receiver looks for application files No Do application files exist? Yes AutoBase warning is displayed Use SCS900 to reset and restart the receiver or Change to the receiver that was previously used as the base station at this location No Any application file that corresponds with the current position? No Make corresponding application file active Figure 7.
7 66 AutoBase Feature SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
CHAPTER 8 Default Settings In this chapter: Q Default receiver settings Q Resetting the receiver to factory defaults Q Default behavior Q Power up settings Q Logging data 8 All Smart GPS antenna settings are stored in application files. The default application file, Default.cfg, is stored permanently in the receiver, and contains the factory default settings for the Smart GPS antenna.
8 Default Settings Default receiver settings These settings are defined in the default application file.
Default Settings 8 Default behavior The factory defaults specified on page 68 are applied whenever you start the receiver. If a power up application file is present in the receiver, its settings are applied immediately after the default settings, so you can use a power up file to define your own set of defaults. The factory defaults are also applied when you perform a full reset of the receiver because resetting the receiver deletes the power up files.
8 70 Default Settings SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
CHAPTER 9 Specifications In this chapter: Q General specifications Q Physical specifications Q Electrical specifications Q Communication specifications Q GPS satellite signal tracking Q Integrated radio options Q Variable configuration options 9 This chapter details the specifications for the Smart GPS antenna. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
9 Specifications General specifications Feature Specification Keyboard and display On/Off key for one button startup using AutoBase technology LED indicators For satellite tracking, radio link reception, and power monitoring Receiver type Fully-integrated “Smart” GPS antenna Physical specifications Feature Specification Dimensions (LxWxH) 19 cm (7.5 in) x 10 cm (3.9 in) including connectors Weight 1.28 kg (2.88 lb) receiver only, with internal battery 3.70 kg (8.
Specifications Feature 9 Specification SBAS (WAAS/ENGOS/MSAS) Typically <5 m (16.40 ft) 3D RMS differential positioning accuracy4 Real-time Kinematic (RTK) positioning3 Horizontal Vertical Initialization time Regular RTK operation with base station RTK operation with Scalable GPS infrastructure Initialization reliability5 1 2 ±(10 mm + 1 ppm) RMS, ± (0.38 in +1 ppm) RMS ±(20 mm + 1 ppm) RMS, ± (0.78 in +1 ppm) RMS Single/Multi-base minimum 10 sec + 0.
9 Specifications Feature Specification Base station operation times on internal battery 450 MHz 4.2 hours; varies with temperature (Tx/Rx) 5.5 hours; varies with temperature (External Tx radio) 900 MHz 2.4 GHz 5.
Specifications 9 GPS satellite signal tracking This table shows the GPS satellite signal tracking capability for each Smart GPS antenna in the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna family. GPS signal type GPS signals Class L1/L2 L2C L5 GLONASS signals L1/L2 GPS SBAS corrections WAAS EGNOS MSAS SPS780 Basic SPS780 Max SPS880 Extreme 9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 This table shows the GPS satellite signal tracking capability for each Smart GPS antenna in the SPSx81 Smart GPS antenna family.
9 Specifications Integrated radio options This table shows the radio options available for each receiver type in the SPSx80 Smart GPS antenna family. Radio option No radio 450 MHz Transmit 450 MHz Receive 900 MHz Transmit 900 MHz Receive External 450 MHz Transmit External 900 MHz Transmit 2.4 GHz Transmit 2.
Specifications 9 Variable configuration options This table lists the default options for each receiver type in the SPSx50 Modular GPS receiver family.
9 78 Specifications SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
APPENDIX A NMEA-0183 Output In this appendix: Q NMEA-0183 message overview Q Common message elements Q NMEA messages A This appendix describes the formats of the subset of NMEA-0183 messages that are available for output by the receivers. For a copy of the NMEA-0183 Standard, go to the National Marine Electronics Association website at www.nmea.org.
A NMEA-0183 Output NMEA-0183 message overview When NMEA-0183 output is enabled, a subset of NMEA-0183 messages can be output to external instruments and equipment connected to the receiver serial ports. These NMEA-0183 messages let external devices use selected data collected or computed by the GPS receiver. All messages conform to the NMEA-0183 version 3.01 format. All begin with $ and end with a carriage return and a line feed. Data fields follow comma (,) delimiters and are variable in length.
NMEA-0183 Output A Common message elements Each message contains: • a message ID consisting of $GP followed by the message type. For example, the message ID of the GGA message is $GPGGA. • a comma • a number of fields, depending on the message type, separated by commas • an asterisk • a checksum value Below is an example of a simple message with a message ID ($GPGGA), followed by 13 fields and a checksum value: $GPGGA,172814.0,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W,2,6,1.2,18.893,M,25.669,M,2.
A NMEA-0183 Output ADV Position and Satellite information for RTK network operations An example of the ADV message string is shown below. Table A.1 and Table A.2 describe the message fields. The messages alternate between subtype 110 and 120. $PGPPADV,110,39.88113582,-105.07838455,1614.125*1M Table A.
NMEA-0183 Output GGA A Time, Position, and Fix Related Data An example of the GGA message string is shown below. Table A.3 describes the message fields. Note – The following data string exceeds the NMEA standard length. $GPGGA,172814.0,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W, 2,6,1.2,18.893,M,-25.669,M,2.0,0031*4F Table A.
A NMEA-0183 Output GSA GPS DOP and active satellites An example of the GSA message string is shown below. Table A.4 describes the message fields. $GPGSA,<1>,<2>,<3>,<3>,,,,,<3>,<3>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>*<7> Table A.4 84 GSA message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $GPGSA 1 Mode 1, M = manual, A = automatic 2 Mode 2, Fix type, 1 = not available, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D 3 PRN number, 01 through 32, of satellite used in solution, up to 12 transmitted 4 PDOP-Position dilution of precision, 0.
NMEA-0183 Output GST A Position Error Statistics An example of the GST message string is shown below. Table A.5 describes the message fields. $GPGST,172814.0,0.006,0.023,0.020,273.6,0.023,0.020,0.031*6A Table A.
A NMEA-0183 Output GSV Satellite Information The GSV message string identifies the number of SVs in view, the PRN numbers, elevations, azimuths, and SNR values. An example of the GSV message string is shown below. Table A.6 describes the message fields. $GPGSV,4,1,13,02,02,213,,03,-3,000,,11,00,121,,14,13,172,05*67 Table A.
NMEA-0183 Output HDT A Heading from True North The HDT string is shown below, and Table A.7 describes the message fields. $GPHDT,123.456,T*00 Table A.
A NMEA-0183 Output PTNL,AVR Time, Yaw, Tilt, Range for Moving Baseline RTK The PTNL,AVR message string is shown below, and Table A.8 describes the message fields. $PTNL,AVR,181059.6,+149.4688,Yaw,+0.0134,Tilt,,,60.191,3,2.5,6*00 Table A.
NMEA-0183 Output A PTNL,GGK Time, Position, Position Type, DOP An example of the PTNL,GGK message string is shown below. Table A.9 describes the message fields. $PTNL,GGK,172814.00,071296,3723.46587704,N,12202.26957864,W,3,06,1.7,EHT6.777,M*48 Table A.
A NMEA-0183 Output PTNL,PJK Local Coordinate Position Output An example of the PTNL,PJK message string is shown below. Table A.10 describes the message fields. $PTNL,PJK,010717.00,081796,+732646.511,N,+1731051.091,E,1,05,2.7,EHT28.345,M*7C Table A.
NMEA-0183 Output A PTNL,VGK Vector Information An example of the PTNL,VGK message string is shown below. Table A.11 describes the message fields. $PTNL,VGK,160159.00,010997,-0000.161,00009.985,-0000.002,3,07,1,4,M*0B Table A.11 PTNL,VGK message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $PTNL,VGK 1 UTC of vector in hhmmss.
A NMEA-0183 Output PTNL,VHD Heading Information An example of the PTNL,VHD message string is shown below. Table A.12 describes the message fields. $PTNL,VHD,030556.00,093098,187.718,-22.138,-76.929,5.015,0.033,0.006,3,07,2.4,M*22 Table A.12 92 PTNL,VHD message fields Field Meaning 0 message ID $PTNL,VHD 1 UTC of position in hhmmss.
NMEA-0183 Output RMC A Position, Velocity, and Time The RMC string is shown below, and Table A.13 describes the message fields. $GPRMC,123519,A,4807.038,N,01131.000,E,022.4,084.4,230394,003.1,W*6A Table A.
A NMEA-0183 Output ROT Rate and Direction of Turn The ROT string is shown below, and Table A.14 describes the message fields. $GPROT,35.6,A*4E Table A.
NMEA-0183 Output VTG A Track Made Good and Speed Over Ground An example of the VTG message string is shown below. Table A.15 describes the message fields. $GPVTG,,T,,M,0.00,N,0.00,K*4E Table A.
A NMEA-0183 Output ZDA UTC Day, Month, And Year, and Local Time Zone Offset An example of the ZDA message string is shown below. Table A.16 describes the message fields. $GPZDA,172809,12,07,1996,00,00*45 Table A.
APPENDIX B GSOF Messages In this appendix: Q Supported message types Q General Serial Output Format Q Reading binary values Q GSOF message definitions B This appendix provides information on the General Serial Output Format (GSOF) messages. GSOF messages are a Trimble proprietary format and can be used to send information such as position and status to a third-party device. For information on how to output GSOF messages, see Chapter 7, Configuring the Receiver Settings.
B GSOF Messages Supported message types This table summarizes the GSOF messages that are supported by the receiver, and shows the page that contains detailed information about each message.
GSOF Messages Table B.1 Byte B Report packet 40h structure (GENOUT) Item Type Value Meaning Length + 4 CHECKSUM – – (Status + type + length + data bytes) modulo 256 Length + 5 ETX (03h) – – End transmission Each message begins with a 4-byte header, followed by the bytes of data in each packet. The packet ends with a 2-byte trailer. Byte 3 is set to 0 (00h) when the packet contains no data. Most data is transmitted between the receiver and remote device in binary format. Table B.
B GSOF Messages • Sign bit field The sign bit field is the most significant bit of the floating-point number. The sign bit is 0 for positive numbers and 1 for negative numbers. • Fraction field The fraction field contains the fractional part of a normalized number. Normalized numbers are greater than or equal to 1 and less than 2. Since all normalized numbers are of the form 1.XXXXXXXX, the 1 becomes implicit and is not stored in memory.
GSOF Messages B DOUBLE The DOUBLE data type is stored in the IEEE double-precision format which is 64 bits long. The most significant bit is the sign bit, the next 11 most significant bits are the exponent field, and the remaining 52 bits are the fractional field. The bias of the exponent is 1023. The range of single precision format values is from 2.23 × 10–308 to 1.8 × 10308. The floating-point number is precise to 15 decimal digits. 52 51 63 62 S Exp.
GSOF Messages B LLH This message describes latitude, longitude, and height. It contains the following data: Table B.
GSOF Messages B NEU DELTA This message contains Tangent Plane Delta information. It contains the following data: • North, East, and Up deltas of the vector from the base to the rover (in meters) projected onto a plane tangent to the WGS-84 ellipsoid at the base receiver. Note – These records are only output if a valid DGPS/RTK solution is computed. Table B.
GSOF Messages B PDOP This message describes the PDOP information. It contains the following data: Table B.
GSOF Messages Table B.10 B Sigma (Type 12 record) Field Item Type Value 18–21 Sigma up Float Meters Meaning 22–25 Semi-major axis Float Meters Semi-major axis of error ellipse 26–29 Semi-minor axis Float Meters Semi-minor axis of error ellipse 30–33 Orientation Float degrees Orientation of semi-minor axis, clockwise from True North 34–37 Unit variance Float 30–39 Number of epochs short Valid only for over-determined solutions. Unit variance should approach 1.0 value.
GSOF Messages B Table B.
GSOF Messages B Batt/Mem This message provides information relating to the receiver battery and memory. It contains the following data: Table B.
B GSOF Messages Flags Table B.16 Bit Meaning 0 New position 0: No. 1: Yes. 1 Clock fix calculated for current position 0: No. 1: Yes. 2 Horizontal coordinates calculated this position 0: No. 1: Yes. 3 Height calculated this position 0: No. 1: Yes. 4 Weighted position 0: No. 1: Yes. 5 Overdetermined position 0: No. 1: Yes. 6 Ionosphere-free position 0: No. 1: Yes. 7 Position uses filtered L1 pseudoranges 0: No. 1: Yes. Table B.
GSOF Messages Table B.18 Flags: Bit values Bit Meaning 0 Time information (week and millisecond of week) validity 0: Not valid 1: Valid 1 UTC offset validity 0: Not valid 1: Valid Table B.19 Velocity flags: Bit values Bit Meaning 0 Velocity data validity 0: Not valid 1: Valid 1 Velocity computation 0: Computed from doppler 1: Computed from consecutive measurements 2–7 Reserved (set to zero) Table B.20 SV flags: 1 bit values Bit Meaning 0 Satellite Above Horizon 0: No. 1: Yes.
B GSOF Messages Table B.22 Bit Meaning 0 Calibrated 0: No. 1: Yes. 1 Tilt valid 0: No. 1: Yes. 2 Yaw valid 0: No. 1: Yes. 3 Reserved 4 Range valid 0: No. 1: Yes. 5–7 Reserved Table B.
APPENDIX C Adding Internal Radio Frequencies In this appendix: Q Adding receive frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio C If you have installed the optional internal 450 MHz radio in your GPS receiver, use the WinFlash utility to add the relevant receive frequencies to the default list of frequencies. To install the WinFlash utility, see Installing the WinFlash utility, page 116.
Adding Internal Radio Frequencies C Adding receive frequencies for the 450 MHz internal radio 1. Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen appears. 2. From the Device type list, select the appropriate receiver. 3. From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM) port on the computer that the receiver is connected to. 4. Click Next. The Operation Selection dialog appears. The Operations list shows all of the supported operations for the selected device.
APPENDIX D Real-Time Data and Services In this appendix: Q RT17 Streamed Data service Q Login authentication D The real-time Binary Output option (also known as RT17 messages or raw data) is available as an optional upgrade. The RT17 Streamed Data service is available only with the SPS780 Max, SPS781 Max, SPS880 Extreme, and the SPS881 Extreme GPS receivers. By default, the Binary Output option is not enabled in the GPS receivers.
Real-Time Data and Services D RT17 Streamed Data service An RT17 service provides GPS observations, ephemerides, and other information, as defined for that service. When a “client” connects to the service, all data flow is from the Smart GPS antenna to the client. Login authentication If you interface to the receivers using binary commands over serial communications, you may need login authentication. This has been added to most SPSx51 and SPSx81 receiver models that run firmware version 3.30 or later.
APPENDIX E Upgrading the Receiver Firmware In this appendix: Q The WinFlash utility Q Upgrading the receiver firmware E Your receiver is supplied with the latest version of receiver firmware installed. If a later version becomes available, upgrade the firmware installed on your receiver using the WinFlash utility. If you have a SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver, you can also upgrade it through the web interface.
Upgrading the Receiver Firmware E The WinFlash utility The WinFlash utility communicates with Trimble products to perform various functions including: • installing software, firmware, and option upgrades • running diagnostics ( for example, retrieving configuration information) • configuring radios For more information, online help is also available when using the WinFlash utility. Note – The WinFlash utility runs on Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Windows NT®, 2000, Me, or XP operating systems.
Upgrading the Receiver Firmware E The Settings Review window appears. This screen prompts you to connect the receiver, suggests a connection method and then lists the receiver configuration and selected operation. 7. If all is correct, click Finish. Based on the selections shown above, the Software Upgrade window appears and shows the status of the operation ( for example, Establishing communication with . Please wait.). 8. Click OK.
E 1 18 Upgrading the Receiver Firmware SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
APPENDIX F Data Logging and Postprocessed Measurement Operations In this appendix: Q Connecting to the office computer Q Transferring files directly from a CompactFlash card Q Deleting files in the receiver Q Supported file types F By default, the SPS GPS receivers cannot log data unless you purchase the Data Logging option. A Smart GPS antenna uses the internal memory of the receiver to store this data. The data files cannot be processed until you transfer them to your office computer.
Data Logging and Postprocessed Measurement Operations F Connecting to the office computer The Smart GPS antenna can communicate with the office computer using a serial connection from the DB9 connector on the receiver to a LEMO connector on the computer (see Figure F.1). You can also use the supplied DB9 to DB9 cable (P/N 18532 or 59046 (RoHS compliant). Before you connect to the office computer, ensure that the receiver battery is fully charged. Serial (COM) port Serial cable Figure F.
Data Logging and Postprocessed Measurement Operations • Use the Data Transfer utility • With the SPSx50 or SPSx51 Modular GPS receiver, use the Web interface. F Supported file types Table F.1 shows the file types that you can transfer to or from a SPS GPS receiver, and the software or utility that you must use to transfer each file type. Table F.1 Supported file types File Type Extensions Transfer from receiver Transfer to Software receiver Ephemeris .
F 1 22 Data Logging and Postprocessed Measurement Operations SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
APPENDIX G Troubleshooting In this appendix: Q LED conditions Q Receiver issues Q Base station setup and static measurement problems G Use this appendix to identify and solve common problems that may occur with the receiver. Please read this section before you contact technical support.
Troubleshooting G LED conditions The Smart GPS antenna has a simple display panel with LEDs to indicate the current status of the receiver. If you need more detailed information about what the receiver is doing, use a Trimble controller or laptop computer running the SCS900, GPS Configurator, or Configuration Toolbox software. The following section describes how the LED lights are used on the receiver to indicate current status.
Troubleshooting Issue Receiver does not log data. Possible cause Solution Faulty external power cable. • • G Try a different cable. Check pinouts with multimeter to ensure internal wiring is intact. Insufficient memory on either Delete old files using the GPS internal memory or the Configurator software, or press E for 30 seconds. CompactFlash card. No CompactFlash card is inserted. (SPS770 only) Insert a CompactFlash card in the receiver. The CompactFlash card is not seated properly.
Troubleshooting G Issue Possible cause Solution The receiver is not responding. Receiver needs a soft reset. Turn off the receiver and then turn it back on again. Receiver needs a full reset. Press E for 30 seconds. Note – To retain data files, download the files (SPS780) first. Base station setup and static measurement problems This section describes some possible station setup and static measurement issues, possible causes, and how to solve them.
Troubleshooting G Issue Possible cause Solution Roving receiver is not receiving radio from the base station. The base station is not broadcasting. See Base station is not broadcasting. Incorrect over air baud rates between base station and rover. Connect to the roving receiver’s radio and make sure that it has the same setting as the base station receiver. Mismatched channel or network number selection. Match the base station and rover radio channels/network number and try again.
G 1 28 Troubleshooting SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
Glossary 1PPS Pulse-per-second. Used in hardware timing. A pulse is generated in conjunction with a time stamp. This defines the instant when the time stamp is applicable. almanac A file that contains orbit information on all the satellites, clock corrections, and atmospheric delay parameters.
Glossary datum Also called geodetic datum. A mathematical model designed to best fit the geoid, defined by the relationship between an ellipsoid and, a point on the topographic surface, established as the origin of the datum. World geodetic datums are typically defined by the size and shape of an ellipsoid and the relationship between the center of the ellipsoid and the center of the earth.
Glossary emphemeris / ephemerides A list of predicted (accurate) positions or locations of satellites as a function of time. A set of numerical parameters that can be used to determine a satellite’s position. Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed precise ephemeris. epoch The measurement interval of a GPS receiver.
Glossary OmniSTAR The OmniSTAR HP/XP service allows the use of new generation dual-frequency receivers with the OmniSTAR service. The HP/XP service does not rely on local reference stations for its signal, but utilizes a global satellite monitoring network. Additionally, while most current dual-frequency GPS systems are accurate to within a meter or so, OmniSTAR with XP is accurate in 3D to better than 30 cm. PDOP Position Dilution of Precision.
Glossary SNR See signal-to-noise ratio. triple frequency GPS A type of receiver that uses three carrier phase measurements (L1, L2, and L5). UTC Universal Time Coordinated. A time standard based on local solar mean time at the Greenwich meridian. VRS Virtual Reference Station. A VRS system consists of GPS hardware, software, and communication links. It uses data from a network of base stations to provide corrections to each rover that are more accurate than corrections from a single base station.
Glossary 1 34 SPSx80 and SPSx81 Smart GPS Antennas User Guide
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