TL-SL5428E 24-Port 10/100Mbps + 4-Port Gigabit JetStream L2 Managed Switch Rev: 1.2.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2012 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
CONTENTS Package Contents ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................2 1.1 Intended Readers .........................................................................................................2 1.2 Conventions.................................................................................
5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1.2 Port Mirror ........................................................................................................31 5.1.3 Port Security ....................................................................................................33 5.1.4 Port Isolation ....................................................................................................34 LAG ...................................................................................................................
6.10 Application Example for Private VLAN........................................................................82 Chapter 7 Spanning Tree ............................................................................................................84 7.1 STP Config .................................................................................................................89 7.1.1 STP Config.......................................................................................................89 7.
9.3 Voice VLAN ..............................................................................................................134 9.3.1 Global Config .................................................................................................136 9.3.2 Port Config .....................................................................................................136 9.3.3 OUI Config .....................................................................................................
11.4.2 11.5 DoS Detect....................................................................................................175 802.1X ......................................................................................................................176 11.5.1 Global Config .................................................................................................180 11.5.2 Port Config .....................................................................................................182 11.5.
14.3 14.4 14.2.1 Log Table .......................................................................................................224 14.2.2 Local Log .......................................................................................................225 14.2.3 Remote Log ...................................................................................................225 14.2.4 Backup Log ....................................................................................................
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: ¾ One TL-SL5428E Switch ¾ One power cord ¾ One console cable ¾ Two mounting brackets and other fittings ¾ Quick Installation Guide ¾ Resource CD for TL-SL5428E switch, including: • This User Guide • Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact with your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of TL-SL5428E switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.2 Conventions In this Guide the following conventions are used: ¾ The switch or TL-SL5428E mentioned in this Guide stands for TL-SL5428E 24-Port 10/100Mbps + 4-Port Gigabit JetStream L2 Managed Switch without any explanation.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: z System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch. z User Manage: Configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level. z System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 8 Multicast This module is used to configure multicast function of the switch. Here mainly introduces: z IGMP Snooping: Configure global parameters of IGMP Snooping function, port properties, VLAN and multicast VLAN. z Multicast IP: Configure multicast IP table. z Multicast Filter: Configure multicast filter feature to restrict users ordering multicast programs.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 12 SNMP This module is used to configure SNMP function to provide a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. Here mainly introduces: z SNMP Config: Configure global settings of SNMP function. z Notification: Configure notification function for the management station to monitor and process the events. z RMON: Configure RMON function to monitor network more efficiently.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SL5428E 24-Port 10/100Mbps + 4-Port Gigabit L2 Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and departments, TL-SL5428E from TP-LINK provides wire-speed performance and full set of layer 2 management features. It provides a variety of service features and multiple powerful functions with high security. The EIA-standardized framework and smart configuration capacity can provide flexible solutions for a variable scale of networks.
+ Supports Telnet, CLI, SNMP v1/v2c/v3, RMON and web access. + Port Mirroring enables monitoring selected ingress/egress traffic. 2.3 Appearance Description 2.3.1 Front Panel Figure 2-1 Front Panel The following parts are located on the front panel of the Switch: ¾ 10/100Mbps Ports: Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps or 100Mbps. Each has a corresponding 10/100Mbps LED. ¾ 10/100/1000Mbps Ports: Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps, 100Mbps or 1000Mbps.
2.3.2 Rear Panel The rear panel of TL-SL5428E features a power socket and a Grounding Terminal (marked with ). Figure 2-2 Rear Panel ¾ Grounding Terminal: TL-SL5428E already comes with Lightning Protection Mechanism. You can also ground the Switch through the PE (Protecting Earth) cable of AC cord or with Ground Cable. For detail information, please refer to Installation Guide. ¾ AC Power Socket: Connect the female connector of the power cord here, and the male connector to the AC power outlet.
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log in to the Switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the Switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Saving Config. You are suggested to click Saving Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Manage, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
Indicates the 1000Mbps port is not connected to a device. Indicates the 1000Mbps port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the 1000Mbps port is at the speed of 10Mbps or 100Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is not connected to a device. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 100Mbps. When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed.
Figure 4-3 Bandwidth Utilization ¾ Bandwidth Utilization Rx: Select Rx to display the bandwidth utilization of receiving packets on this port. Tx: Select Tx to display the bandwidth utilization of sending packets on this port. 4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configure the description of the switch, including device name, device location and system contact. Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page.
Device Location: Enter the location of the switch. System Contact: Enter your contact information. 4.1.3 System Time System Time is the time displayed while the switch is running. On this page you can configure the system time and the settings here will be used for other time-based functions like ACL. You can manually set the system time, get GMT automatically if it has connected to a NTP server or synchronize with PC’s clock as the system time.
Get GMT: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP Server. The switch will get GMT automatically if it has connected to a NTP Server. z z Synchronize with PC’S Clock: ¾ Time Zone: Select your local time. Primary/Secondary NTP Server: Enter the IP Address for the NTP Server. When this option is selected, the administrator PC’s clock is utilized. DST Config DST Status: Enable or Disable DST. Start Time: Select start time. End Time: Select end time.
IP Address Mode: Select the mode to obtain IP Address for the switch. z z z Static IP: When this option is selected, you should enter IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway manually. DHCP: When this option is selected, the switch will obtain network parameters from the DHCP Server. BOOTP: When this option is selected, the switch will obtain network parameters from the BOOTP Server. Management VLAN: Enter the ID of management VLAN, the only VLAN through which you can get access to the switch.
Figure 4-7 User Table 4.2.2 User Config On this page you can configure the access level of the user to log on to the Web management page. The switch provides two access levels: Guest and Admin. The guest only can view the settings without the right to configure the switch; the admin can configure all the functions of the switch. The Web management pages contained in this guide are subject to the admin’s login without any explanation.
¾ Password: Type a password for users’ login. Confirm Password: Retype the password. User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding user information. It is multi-optional The current user information can’t be deleted. User ID, Name, Access Level and status: Displays the current user ID, user name, access level and user status. Operation: Click the Edit button of the desired entry, and you can edit the corresponding user information.
Note: 1. It will take a few minutes to restore the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 2. To avoid any damage, please don’t power down the switch while being restored. 3. After being restored, the current settings of the switch will be lost. Wrong uploaded configuration file may cause the switch unmanaged. 4.3.2 Config Backup On this page you can download the current configuration and save it as a file to your computer for your future configuration restore.
Figure 4-11 Firmware Upgrade Note: 1. Don’t interrupt the upgrade. 2. Please select the proper software version matching with your hardware to upgrade. 3. To avoid damage, please don't turn off the device while upgrading. 4. After upgrading, the device will reboot automatically. 5. You are suggested to backup the configuration before upgrading. 4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page.
Figure 4-13 System Reset Note: After the system is reset, the switch will be reset to the default and all the settings will be cleared. 4.4 Access Security Access Security provides different security measures for the remote login so as to enhance the configuration management security. It can be implemented on Access Control, SSL Config and SSH Config pages. 4.4.1 Access Control On this page you can control the users logging on to the Web management page to enhance the configuration management security.
Figure 4-14 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the Web management page. z z z ¾ IP-based: Select this option to limit the IP-range of the users for login. MAC-based: Select this option to limit the MAC Address of the users for login. Port-based: Select this option to limit the ports for login.
Session Timeout: ¾ If you do nothing with the Web management page within the timeout time, the system will log out automatically. If you want to reconfigure, please login again. Access User Number Number Control； Select Enable/Disable the Number Control function. Admin Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Admin. Guest Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Guest. 4.4.
Figure 4-15 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config SSL: ¾ Certificate Download Certificate File: ¾ Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded. Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to download to the switch. The key must be BASE64 encoded. Note: 1.
an insecure network environment. It can encrypt all the transmission data and prevent the information in a remote management being leaked. Comprising server and client, SSH has two versions, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other. In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotiate the SSH version and the encryption algorithm.
¾ Key Download Key Type: Select the type of SSH Key to download. The switch supports three types: SSH-1 RSA, SSH-2 RSA and SSH-2 DSA. Key File: Select the desired key file to download. Download: Click the Download button to down the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. After the Key File is downloaded, the user’s original key of the same type will be replaced.
Application Example 2 for SSH: ¾ Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. ¾ Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key. Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation. 2.
3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading can not be interrupted. 4. Download the private key file to SSH client software.
5. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including four submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor and MAC Address. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror, Port Security and Port Isolation pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports. When the port is disabled, the packets on the port will be discarded.
Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed and Duplex: Select the Speed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When “Auto” is selected, the Speed and Duplex mode will be determined by auto-negotiation. Flow Control: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Flow Control feature.
Figure 5-2 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen. ¾ Mirroring Port Mirroring Port: ¾ Select a port from the pull-down list as the mirroring port. When disable is selected, the Port Mirror feature will be disabled. Mirrored Port Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port as a mirrored port. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number.
Note: 1. The LAG member can not be selected as the mirrored port or mirroring port. 2. A port can not be set as the mirrored port and the mirroring port simultaneously. 3. The Port Mirror function can take effect span the multiple VLANs. 5.1.3 Port Security MAC Address Table maintains the mapping relationship between the port and the MAC address of the connected device, which is the base of the packet forwarding. The capacity of MAC Address Table is fixed.
Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port. Learn Mode: Select the Learn Mode for the port. Status: • Dynamic: When Dynamic mode is selected, the learned MAC address will be deleted automatically after the aging time.
Figure 5-4 Port Isolation Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Port Isolation Config Port: Select the port number to set its forwardlist. Forward Portlist: Select the port that to be forwarded to. Port Isolation List Port: Display the port number. Forward Portlist: Display the forwardlist.
5.2 LAG LAG (Link Aggregation Group) is to combine a number of ports together to make a single high-bandwidth data path, so as to implement the traffic load sharing among the member ports in the group and to enhance the connection reliability. For the member ports in an aggregation group, their basic configuration must be the same. The basic configuration includes STP, QoS, GVRP, VLAN, port attributes, MAC Address Learning mode and other associated settings.
Figure 5-5 LAG Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config Aggregate Arithmetic: Select the applied scope of Aggregate Arithmetic, which results in choosing a port to transfer the packets. • SRC MAC + DST MAC: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination MAC addresses of the packets. • SRC IP + DST IP: When this option is selected, the Aggregate Arithmetic will apply to the source and destination IP addresses of the packets.
Figure 5-6 Detail Information 5.2.2 Static LAG On this page, you can manually configure the LAG. The LACP feature is disabled for the member ports of the manually added Static LAG. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→Static LAG to load the following page. Figure 5-7 Manually Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG.
Description: ¾ Give a description to the LAG for identification. LAG Table Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG. Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG. If a port is the member of a LAG or is dynamically aggregated as the LACP member, the port number will be displayed in gray and can not be selected. 5.2.
Figure 5-8 LACP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config LACP: ¾ Enable/Disable the LACP feature here. LACP Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for LACP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Admin Key: Specify an Admin Key for the port. The member ports in a dynamic aggregation group must have the same Admin Key.
member. The port with smaller Port Priority will be considered as the preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal; the port with smaller port number is preferred. Status: Enable/Disable the LACP feature for your selected port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 5.3 Traffic Monitor The Traffic Monitor function, monitoring the traffic of each port, is implemented on the Traffic Summary and Traffic Statistics pages. 5.3.
Refresh Rate: ¾ Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number. Packets Rx: Displays the number of packets received on the port. The error packets are not counted in. Packets Tx: Displays the number of packets transmitted on the port. Octets Rx: Displays the number of octets received on the port.
¾ Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Statistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the traffic statistics of the corresponding port. Received: Displays the details of the packets received on the port. Sent: Displays the details of the packets transmitted on the port.
updated by auto-learning. In the stable networks, the static MAC address entries can facilitate the switch to reduce broadcast packets and enhance the efficiency of packets forwarding remarkably. The address filtering feature allows the switch to filter the undesired packets and forbid its forwarding so as to improve the network security.
Figure 5-11 Address Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry. Port: Select the corresponding port number of your desired entry. Type: Select the type of your desired entry. z z z z ¾ All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries. Static: This option allows the address table to display the static address entries only.
MAC Address: Displays the MAC address learned by the switch. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding Port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging status of the MAC address. 5.4.2 Static Address The static address table maintains the static address entries which can be added or removed manually, independent of the aging time.
Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Static Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. • Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry. Static Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete or modify the corresponding port number. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the static MAC Address.
Figure 5-13 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging Time for the dynamic address. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Select: Select the entry to delete the dynamic address or to bind the MAC address to the corresponding port statically. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the dynamic MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging Status of the MAC address.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Filtering Address MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address to be filtered. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Filtering Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology basing on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
different VLANs. The switch can analyze the received untagged packets on the port and match the packets with the MAC VLAN, Protocol VLAN and 802.1Q VLAN in turn. If a packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding VLAN tag to it and forward it in the corresponding VLAN. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs.
（2） TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The TRUNK port is generally used to connect the cascaded network devices for it can receive and forward the packets of multiple VLANs. When the packets are forwarded by the TRUNK port, its VLAN tag will not be changed. （3） GENERAL: The GENERAL port can be added in multiple VLANs and set various egress rules according to the different VLANs. The default egress rule is UNTAG.
Figure 6-3 VLAN Table To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. The Web Management Page of switch can only be accessed through the ports in VLAN1. VLAN1 can not be modified or deleted. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ VLAN Table VLAN ID Select： Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the VLAN ID number you entered. Select： Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN.
Figure 6-4 Create or Modify 802.1Q VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not. VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to be a member of VLAN or leave it blank.
Egress Rule: LAG: Select the Egress Rule for the VLAN port member. The default egress rule is UNTAG. • TAG: All packets forwarded by the port are tagged. The packets contain VLAN information. • UNTAG: Packets forwarded by the port Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN, please acquaint yourself with all the devices connected to the switch in order to configure the ports properly. Choose the menu VLAN→802.
Link Type: Select the Link Type from the pull-down list for the port. • ACCESS: The ACCESS port can be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNTAG. The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID. If the current VLAN is deleted, the PVID will be set to 1 by default. • TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to.
the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Edit/Detail button to modify/view the information of the corresponding VLAN. 4 Delete VLAN Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN by clicking the Delete button. 6.2 MAC VLAN MAC VLAN technology is the way to classify VLANs according to the MAC addresses of Hosts.
VLAN Table ¾ MAC Address: Enter the MAC address. Description: Give a description to the MAC address for identification. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the MAC VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to. MAC VLAN Table ¾ MAC Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the MAC address you entered. Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the MAC address.
the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Create MAC VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→MAC VLAN page, create the MAC VLAN. For the device in a MAC VLAN, it’s required to set its connected port of switch to be a member of this VLAN so as to ensure the normal communication. 4 Select your desired ports for MAC VLAN feature. Required. On the VLAN→MAC VLAN→Port Enable page, select and enable the desired ports for MAC VLAN feature. 6.
6.3.1 Protocol VLAN On this page, you can create Protocol VLAN and view the information of the current defined Protocol VLANs. Choose the menu VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN to load the following page. Figure 6-9 Create Protocol VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Protocol VLAN Protocol: Select the defined protocol template. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the Protocol VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to.
Figure 6-10 Create and View Protocol Template The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Protocol Template Protocol Name: Give a name for the Protocol Template. Ether Type: Enter the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template. Protocol Template Table Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. Protocol Name: Displays the name of the protocol template. Ether Type: Displays the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Set the link type for port. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, set the link type for the port basing on its connected device. 2 Create VLAN. Required. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. Enter the VLAN ID and the description for the VLAN. Meanwhile, specify its member ports. 3 Create Protocol Template. Required.
Configuration Procedure ¾ Configure Switch A z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 2, Port 3 and Port 4 as ACCESS, TRUNK and ACCESS respectively 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 2 and Port 3. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
z Notebook A and Notebook B, special for meeting room, are of two different departments; z The two departments are in VLAN10 and VLAN20 respectively. The two notebooks can just access the server of their own departments, that is, Server A and Server B, in the two meeting rooms; z The MAC address of Notebook A is 00-19-56-8A-4C-71, Notebook B’s MAC address is 00-19-56-82-3B-70.
Configure Switch B z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 21 and Port 22 as GENERAL and TRUNK respectively. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 21 and Port 22, and configure the egress rule of Port 21 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
Configuration Procedure ¾ Configure Switch A z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 11 and Port 13 as ACCESS, and configure the link type of Port 12 as GENERAL. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 12 and Port 13, and configure the egress rule of Port 12 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
5 Port Enable Required. On the VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Port Enable page, select and enable Port 3, Port 4 and Port 5 for Protocol VLAN feature. 6 Create Protocol VLAN 10 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN page, create protocol VLAN 10 with Protocol as IP. 7 Create Protocol VLAN 20 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol VLAN page, create protocol VLAN 20 with Protocol as AppleTalk. 6.
This VLAN VPN function is implemented on the VPN Config, VLAN Mapping and Port Enable pages. 6.7.1 VPN Config This page allows you to enable the VPN function, adjust the global TPID for VLAN-VPN packets and enable the VPN up-link port. When VPN mode is enabled, the switch will add a tag to the received tagged packet basing on the VLAN mapping entries. Choose the menu “VLAN→VLAN VPN→VPN Config” to load the following page.
Figure 6-13 Create VLAN Mapping Entry The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Mapping Config C VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Customer VLAN. C VLAN refers to the VLAN to which the packet received by switch belongs. SP VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Service Provider VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN Mapping entry or leave it blank.
Figure 6-14 Enable VLAN Mapping for Port Select your desired port for VLAN Mapping function. All the ports are disabled for VLAN Mapping function by default. Note: When VPN mode is globally enabled, VPN function takes effect on all ports. If VPN mode is disabled, VLAN Mapping function can be enabled by selecting your desired port on this Port Enable page. Configuration Procedure of VLAN VPN Function: Step Operation Description 1 Enable VPN mode. Required.
3 Create SP Provider) VLAN (Service Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create the SP VLAN. For the steps of creating VLAN, please refer to 802.1Q VLAN. 6.8 GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is an implementation of GARP (generic attribute registration protocol).
• ¾ LeaveAll Timer: Once a GARP entity starts up, it starts the LeaveAll timer, and sends out a LeaveALL message after the timer times out, so that other GARP entities can re-register all the attribute information on this entity. After that, the entity restarts the LeaveAll timer to begin a new cycle. GVRP GVRP, as an implementation of GARP, maintains dynamic VLAN registration information and propagates the information to other switches by adopting the same mechanism of GARP.
Figure 6-15 GVRP Config Note: If the GVRP feature is enabled for a member port of LAG, please ensure all the member ports of this LAG are set to be in the same status and registration mode. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config GVRP: ¾ Allows you to Enable/Disable the GVRP function. Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for configuration.
• Fixed: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister a VLAN dynamically. It only propagates static VLAN information. • Forbidden: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister VLANs. It only propagates VLAN 1 information. LeaveAll Timer: Once the LeaveAll Timer is set, the port with GVRP enabled can send a LeaveAll message after the timer times out, so that other GARP ports can re-register all the attribute information. After that, the LeaveAll timer will start to begin a new cycle.
devices need to identify Primary VLANs but not Secondary VLANs. Therefore, they can save VLAN resources without considering the VLAN configuration in the lower layer. Meanwhile, the service provider can assign each user an individual Secondary VLAN, so that users are separated at the Layer 2 level. Private VLAN technology is mainly used in campus or enterprise networks to achieve user layer-2-separation and to save VLAN resources of uplink devices.
ports is untag by default, that is, only those untagged packets can be forwarded, but you can modify the egress rule on VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page. 2) Port configuration and MAC address duplication should be synchronized on the Switch. Port configuration synchronization is completed in the whole configuration progress and MAC address duplication is implemented while FDB is changing.
z MAC address duplication: After port configuration synchronization, packets from Secondary VLAN can be forwarded via the promiscuous port untagged, and those from Primary VLAN can be sent via the host port untagged. In order for these packets can be forwarded in unicast via the right port, MAC address duplication is used to expand the VLANs the MAC address is in. Normally, the egress ports for forwarding these packets are identified through MAC address learning.
The Private VLAN packet forwarding process (here we take traffic transmission for PC2) based on the figure above is illustrated as follows: 1) PC2 sends out its first upstream packet with the source MAC as mac_2 and the destination MAC as mac_a. This packet is untagged. 2) When the host port Port2 on the Switch receives this packet, it adds a default VLAN ID 2 to this packet and learns its source MAC address.
Figure 6-17 Create Private VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Private VLAN Primary VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Primary VLAN. Secondary VLAN: Enter the ID number of the Secondary VLAN. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in Private VLAN. z Primary VLAN ID: Enter the Primary VLAN ID number of the desired Private VLAN.
Choose the menu VLAN→Private VLAN→Port Config to load the following page. Figure 6-18 Create and View Protocol Template The following entries are displayed on this screen: Port Config ¾ Port: Select the desired port for configuration. Port Type: Select the Port Type from the pull-down list for the port. Primary VLAN: Specify the Primary VLAN the port belongs to. Secondary VLAN: Specify the Secondary VLAN the port belongs to. Private VLAN Port Table ¾ 1. 2. 3.
4 Delete VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→PVLAN page, select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN by clicking the Delete button. 6.
button. 2 Add Promiscuous port to Private VLANs Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→Port Configure page, configure the port type of Port3 and Port4 as Promiscuous, enter Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2-3, and click the Add button. 3 Add Host port to Private VLANs Required. On the VLAN→Private VLAN→Port Configure page, configure the port type of Port5 as Host, enter Primary VLAN 6 and Secondary VLAN 2, and click the Add button.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
z Port: Port 3 is the root port of switch B and port 5 is the root port of switch C; port 1 is the designated port of switch A and port 4 is the designated port of switch B; port 6 is the blocked port of switch C. Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram ¾ STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 seconds.
¾ z STP Generation In the beginning In the beginning, each switch regards itself as the root, and generates a configuration BPDU for each port on it as a root, with the root path cost being 0, the ID of the designated bridge being that of the switch, and the designated port being itself. z Comparing BPDUs Each switch sends out configuration BPDUs and receives a configuration BPDU on one of its ports from another switch. The following table shows the comparing operations.
Tips： In a STP with stable topology, only the root port and designated port can forward data, and the other ports are blocked. The blocked ports only can receive BPDUs. RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol), evolved from the 802.1D STP standard, enable Ethernet ports to transit their states rapidly. The premises for the port in the RSTP to transit its state rapidly are as follows.
Figure 7-2 Basic MSTP diagram ¾ MSTP MSTP divides a network into several MST regions. The CST is generated between these MST regions, and multiple spanning trees can be generated in each MST region. Each spanning tress is called an instance. As well as STP, MSTP uses BPDUs to generate spanning tree. The only difference is that the BPDU for MSTP carry the MSTP configuration information on the switches.
Figure 7-3 Port roles The Spanning Tree module is mainly for spanning tree configuration of the switch, including four submenus: STP Config, Port Config, MSTP Instance and STP Security. 7.1 STP Config The STP Config function, for global configuration of spanning trees on the switch, can be implemented on STP Config and STP Summary pages. 7.1.1 STP Config Before configuring spanning trees, you should make clear the roles each switch plays in each spanning tree instance.
Figure 7-4 STP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config STP: Select Enable/Disable STP function globally on the switch. Version: Select the desired STP version on the switch. z STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. z RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. z MSTP: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. ¾ Parameters Config CIST Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 61440 to specify the priority of the switch for comparison in the CIST.
that occur in a specific region before the BPDU is discarded. The default value is 20 hops. Note: 1. The forward delay parameter and the network diameter are correlated. A too small forward delay parameter may result in temporary loops. A too large forward delay may cause a network unable to resume the normal state in time. The default value is recommended. 2.
Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the parameters of the ports for CIST Choose the menu Spanning Tree→Port Config to load the following page.
Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16.
Port Role: Displays the role of the port played in the STP Instance. z z z z z z Port Status: Root Port: Indicates the port that has the lowest path cost from this bridge to the Root Bridge and forwards packets to the root. Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packets to a downstream network segment or switch. Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root.
Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identification using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 65535 for MST region identification. 7.3.2 Instance Config Instance Configuration, a property of MST region, is used to describe the VLAN to Instance mapping configuration. You can assign VLAN to different instances appropriate to your needs.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Instance Table Instance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. Instance: Displays Instance ID of the switch. Status: Select Enable/Disable the instance. Priority: Enter the priority of the switch in the instance.
Figure 7-9 Instance Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Instance ID: Select the desired instance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to specify its priority and path cost. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Priority: Enter the priority of the port in the instance.
Note: The port status of one port in different spanning tree instances can be different. Global configuration Procedure for Spanning Tree function: Step Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure parameters MSTP Required. Enable Spanning Tree function on the switch and configure MSTP parameters on Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page. 3 Configure MSTP parameters for ports Required.
A CIST and its secondary root bridges are usually located in the high-bandwidth core region. Wrong configuration or malicious attacks may result in configuration BPDU packets with higher priorities being received by the legal root bridge, which causes the current legal root bridge to lose its position and network topology jitter to occur. In this case, flows that should travel along high-speed links may lead to low-speed links, and network congestion may occur.
Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Loop Protect: Loop Protect is to prevent the loops in the network brought by recalculating STP because of link failures and network congestions.
7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→TC Protect to load the following page. Figure 7-11 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20.
7.5 Application Example for STP Function Network Requirements ¾ z Switch A, B, C, D and E all support MSTP function. z A is the central switch. z B and C are switches in the convergence layer. D, E and F are switches in the access layer. z There are 6 VLANs labeled as VLAN101-VLAN106 in the network. z All switches run MSTP and belong to the same MST region. z The data in VLAN01, 103 and 105 are transmitted in the STP with B as the root bridge.
z Configure Switch B: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN 101 and VLAN 106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
z Configure Switch D: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN 101 and VLAN 106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
¾ Suggestion for Configuration z Enable TC Protect function for all the ports of switches. z Enable Root Protect function for all the ports of root bridges. z Enable Loop Protect function for the non-edge ports. Enable BPDU Protect function or BPDU Filter function for the edge ports which are connected to the PC and server.
Chapter 8 Multicast ¾ Multicast Overview In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.
¾ IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near Router for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages. When the up-stream device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IGMP Snooping is a multicast control mechanism, which can be used on the switch for dynamic registration of the multicast group.
The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP leave message when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch can not get the leave information of the host momentarily. However, after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast address table when its member port time times out.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the Switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. IGMP Snooping Status Description: Displays IGMP Snooping status. Member: Displays the member of the corresponding status. 8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the IGMP feature for ports of the switch.
Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the Switch. IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping for the desired port. Fast Leave: Select Enable/Disable Fast Leave feature for the desired port.
Choose the menu Multicast→IGMP Snooping→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more.
Select: Select the desired VLAN ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID. Router Port Time: Displays the router port time of the VLAN. Member Port Time: Displays the member port time of the VLAN. Leave Time: Displays the leave time of the VLAN. Router Port: Displays the router port of the VLAN. Note: The settings here will be invalid when multicast VLAN is enabled Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable function Snooping Required.
Figure 8-7 Multicast VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
5. After a multicast VLAN is created, all the IGMP packets will be processed only within the multicast VLAN. Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable IGMP function 2 Create a multicast VLAN 3 Description Snooping Configure parameters multicast VLAN Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. Required. Create a multicast VLAN and add all the member ports and router ports to the VLAN on the VLAN→802.
¾ Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create three VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively, and specify the description of VLAN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. 2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as TAG, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 4.
8.3.1 Multicast IP Table On this page you can view the multicast IP table on the switch. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast IP→Multicast IP Table to load the following page. Figure 8-8 Multicast IP Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Port: Select the port number the desired entry must carry.
Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast IP→Static Multicast IP to load the following page. Figure 8-9 Static Multicast IP Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Static Multicast Multicast IP: Enter static multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast IP. Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select the rules for displaying multicast IP table to find the desired entries quickly.
8.4 Multicast Filter When IGMP Snooping is enabled, you can specified the multicast IP-range the ports can join so as to restrict users ordering multicast programs via configuring multicast filter rules. When applying for a multicast group, the host will send IGMP report message. After receiving the report message, the switch will firstly check the multicast filter rules configured for the receiving port.
Start Multicast IP: Displays start multicast IP of the IP-range. End Multicast IP: Displays end multicast IP of the IP-range. 8.4.2 Port Filter On this page you can configure the multicast filter rules for port. Take the configuration on this page and the configuration on IP-Range page together to function to implement multicast filter function on the switch. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast Filter→Port Filter to load the following page.
Action Mode: Select the action mode to process multicast packets when the multicast IP is in the filtering IP-range. z z Permit: Only the multicast packets whose multicast IP is in the IP-range will be processed. Deny: Only the multicast packets whose multicast IP is not in the IP-range will be processed. Bound IP-Range (ID): Enter the IP-rang ID the port will be bound to. Max Groups: Specify the maximum number of multicast groups to prevent some ports taking up too much bandwidth.
Figure 8-12 Packet Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Select Enable/Disable auto refresh feature. Refresh Period: Enter the time from 3 to 300 in seconds to specify the auto refresh period. IGMP Statistics Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. ¾ QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets in the queues with lower priority can not get service for a long time.
The QoS module is mainly for traffic control and priority configuration, including three submenus: DiffServ, Bandwidth Control and Voice VLAN. 9.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function. This switch implements three priority modes based on port, on 802.1P and on DSCP, and supports four queue scheduling algorithms.
Note: To complete QoS function configuration, you have to go to the Schedule Mode page to select a schedule mode after the configuration is finished on this page. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Log on to the Port Priority page 2 Select the desired ports for configuration Select the desired ports. It is multi-optional. 3 Select the port priority Required. Select a priority from CoS0 to CoS7. 4 Select a schedule mode Required.
SP+WRR-Mode: Strict-Priority + Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, this switch provides two scheduling groups, SP group and WRR group. Queues in SP group and WRR group are scheduled strictly based on strict-priority mode while the queues inside WRR group follow the WRR mode. In SP+WRR mode, TC3 is in the SP group; TC0, TC1 and TC2 belong to the WRR group and the weight value ratio of TC0, TC1 and TC2 is 1:2:4.
Note: To complete QoS function configuration, you have to go to the Schedule Mode page to select a schedule mode after the configuration is finished on this page. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Log on to the 802.1P Priority page 2 Enable function 3 Map the 802.1P priority tag to the priority level Required. Select 802.1P corresponding priority level. 4 Select a schedule mode Required. Log on to the Schedule Mode page to select a schedule mode. 802.1P priority Required.
Figure 9-9 DSCP Priority The following entries are displayed on this screen: DSCP Priority Config ¾ DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority. Priority Level ¾ DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DS region of IP datagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority Level: Indicates the priority level the packets with tag are mapped to. The priority levels are labeled as TC0, TC1, TC2 and TC3.
3 Map the DSCP priority to the priority level Required. Select DSCP priority and the corresponding priority level. 4 Select a schedule mode Required. Log on to the Schedule Mode page to select a schedule mode. 9.2 Bandwidth Control Bandwidth function, allowing you to control the traffic rate and broadcast flow on each port to ensure network in working order, can be implemented on Rate Limit and Storm Control pages. 9.2.
Port: Displays the port number of the Switch. Ingress Rate (bps): Configure the bandwidth for receiving packets on the port. You can select a rate from the dropdown list or select "Manual" to set Ingress rate, the system will automatically select integral multiple of 64Kbps that closest to the rate you entered as the real Ingress rate. Egress Rate(bps): Configure the bandwidth for sending packets on the port.
Figure 9-11 Storm Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Storm Control Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for Storm Control configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the Switch. Broadcast (bps): Rate Select the bandwidth for receiving broadcast packets on the port. The packet traffic exceeding the bandwidth will be discarded.
9.3 Voice VLAN Voice VLANs are configured specially for voice data stream. By configuring Voice VLANs and adding the ports with voice devices attached to voice VLANs, you can perform QoS-related configuration for voice data, ensuring the transmission priority of voice data stream and voice quality. ¾ OUI Address (Organizationally unique identifier address) The switch can determine whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its source MAC address.
Port Voice VLAN Mode Voice Link type of the port and processing mode Stream Type ACCESS: Not supported. TAG voice stream Automatic Mode TRUNK: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN. GENERAL: Supported. The default VLAN of the port can not be voice VLAN and the egress rule of the access port in the voice VLAN should be TAG. ACCESS: Supported. TRUNK: Not supported. UNTAG voice stream GENERAL: Supported.
Note: Don’t transmit voice stream together with other business packets in the voice VLAN except for some special requirements. The Voice VLAN function can be implemented on Global Config, Port Config and OUI Config pages. 9.3.1 Global Config On this page, you can configure the global parameters of the voice VLAN, including VLAN ID, aging time, the transmission priority of the voice packets and so on. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Global Config to load the following page.
Figure 9-13 Port Config Note: To enable voice VLAN function for the LAG member port, please ensure its member state accords with its port mode. If a port is a member port of voice VLAN, changing its port mode to be “Auto” will make the port leave the voice VLAN and will not join the voice VLAN automatically until it receives voice streams.
Security Mode: Configure the security mode for forwarding packets. z z Disable: All packets are forwarded. Enable: Only voice data are forwarded. Member State: Displays the state of the port in the current voice VLAN. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 9.3.3 OUI Config The switch supports OUI create and add the MAC address of the special voice device to the OUI table of the switch. The switch determines whether a received packet is a voice packet by checking its OUI address.
Configuration Procedure of Voice VLAN: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of ports of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, click the Create button to create a VLAN. 3 Add OUI address Optional. On QoS→Voice VLAN→OUI Config page, you can check whether the switch is supporting the OUI template or not. If not, please add the OUI address.
Chapter 10 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packets by configuring match rules and process policies of packets in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resources. It provides a flexible and secured access control policy and facilitates you to control the network security.
10.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Time-Range Create to load the following page. Figure 10-2 Time-Range Create Note: To successfully configure time-ranges, please firstly specify time-slices and then time-ranges. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ ¾ Create Time-Range Name: Enter the name of the time-range for time identification. Holiday: Select Holiday you set as a time-range.
End Time: Displays the end time of the time-slice. Delete: Click the Delete button to delete the corresponding time-slice. 10.1.3 Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured access control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Holiday Config to load the following page.
The ACL Config function can be implemented on ACL Summary, ACL Create, MAC ACL, Standard-IP ACL and Extend-IP ACL pages. 10.2.1 ACL Summary On this page, you can view the current ACLs configured in the switch. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→ACL Summary to load the following page. Figure 10-4 ACL Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Search Option Select ACL: Select the ACL you have created ACL Type: Displays the type of the ACL you select.
ACL ID: Enter ACL ID of the ACL you want to create. Rule Order: User Config order is set to be match order in this ACL. 10.2.3 MAC ACL MAC ACLs analyze and process packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source MAC addresses, destination MAC addresses, VLAN ID, and EtherType carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→MAC ACL to load the following page.
User Priority: Select the user priority contained in the rule for the tagged packets to match. Time-Range: Select the time-range for the rule to take effect. 10.2.4 Standard-IP ACL Standard-IP ACLs analyze and process data packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source IP addresses and destination IP addresses carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL to load the following page.
10.2.5 Extend-IP ACL Extend-IP ACLs analyze and process data packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, IP protocol and other information of this sort carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Extend-IP ACL to load the following page. Figure10-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Extend-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-IP ACL for configuration.
Mask: Enter IP address mask. If it is set to 1, it must strictly match the address. IP Protocol: Select IP protocol contained in the rule. Select ICMP: Configure the predefined ICMP type and code. ICMP Type: Configure the predefined ICMP type ICMP Code： Configure the predefined ICMP code. TCP Flag： Configure TCP flag when TCP is selected from the pull-down list of IP Protocol.
Select Policy: ¾ Select name of the desired policy for view. If you want to delete the desired policy, please click the Delete button. Action Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding policy. Index: Enter the index of the policy. ACL ID: Displays the ID of the ACL contained in the policy. S-Mirror: Displays the source mirror port of the policy. S-Condition: Displays the source condition added to the policy. Redirect: Displays the redirect added to the policy.
Figure 10-11 Action Create The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Action Select Policy: Select the name of the policy. Select ACL: Select the ACL for configuration in the policy. S-Mirror: Select S-Mirror to mirror the data packets in the policy to the specific port. S-Condition: Select S-Condition to limit the transmission rate of the data packets in the policy. z z Redirect: Rate: Specify the forwarding rate of the data packets those match the corresponding ACL.
QoS Remark: Select QoS Remark to forward the data packets based on the QoS settings. z z DSCP: Specify the DSCP region for the data packets those match the corresponding ACL. Local Priority: Specify the local priority for the data packets those match the corresponding ACL. 10.4 Policy Binding Policy Binding function can have the policy take its effect on a specific port/VLAN. The policy will take effect only when it is bound to a port/VLAN.
Choose the menu ACL→Policy Binding→Port Binding to load the following page. Figure 10-13 Bind the policy to the port The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Port-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the policy you want to bind. Port: Enter the number of the port you want to bind. Port-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Port: Displays the number of the port bound to the corresponding policy.
VLAN-Bind Table ¾ Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. VLAN ID: Displays the ID of the VLAN bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Configure time-range 2 Configure ACL rules Required. On ACL→ACL Config configuration pages, configure ACL rules to match packets. 3 Configure Policy Required.
¾ Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create VLAN 6, specify its description as RD, configure port 16 and port 2 as the members of VLAN 6. Connect RD department to port 16 of TL-SL5428E, and configure the link type of port 16 as GENERAL and its PVID as 6. The IP range of VLAN 6 is 172.31.70.0. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, create VLAN 8, specify its description as Marketing, configure port 18 and port 2 as the members of VLAN 8.
4 Configure requirement and 3 for 2 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 100. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 1, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 172.31.50.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure the time-range as No Limit. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 2, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.
Chapter 11 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multiple protection measures for the network security, including five submenus: IP-MAC Binding, ARP Inspection, IP Source Guard, DoS Defend and 802.1X. Please configure the functions appropriate to your need. 11.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option Source: ¾ Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding Table. • All: All the bound entries will be displayed. • Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed. • Scanning: Only the entries formed via ARP Scanning will be displayed. • Snooping: Only the entries formed via DHCP Snooping will be displayed.
Figure 11-2 Manual Binding The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Port: Select the number of port connected to the Host. Protect Type: Select the Protect Type for the entry. Manual Binding Table Select: Select the desired entry to be deleted. It is multi-optional.
11.1.3 ARP Scanning ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to analyze and map IP addresses to the corresponding MAC addresses so that packets can be delivered to their destinations correctly. IP address is the address of the Host on Network layer. MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer, is necessary for the packet to reach the very device. So the destination IP address carried in a packet need to be translated into the corresponding MAC address.
Figure 11-4 ARP Scanning The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Scanning Option Start IP Address: Specify the Start IP Address. End IP Address: Specify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the untagged packets for scanning. Scan: Click the Scan button to scan the Hosts in the LAN. Scanning Result Select: Select the desired entry to be bound or deleted. Host Name: Displays the Host Name here.
network configuration protocol optimized and developed basing on the BOOTP, functions to solve the above mentioned problems. ¾ DHCP Working Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Client, so as to reach a dynamic employ of the network source. A Server can assign the IP address for several Clients, which is illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 11-6 Interaction between a DHCP client and a DHCP server （1） DHCP-DISCOVER Stage: The Client broadcasts the DHCP-DISCOVER packet to find the DHCP Server. （2） DHCP-OFFER Stage: Upon receiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP addresses and replies to the Client with DHCP-OFFER packet carrying the IP address and other information.
Option 82 can contain 255 sub-options at most. If Option 82 is defined, at least a sub-option should be defined. This Switch supports two sub-options: Circuit ID and Remote ID. Since there is no universal standard about the content of Option 82, different manufacturers define the sub-options of Option 82 to their need. For this Switch, the sub-options are defined as the following: The Circuit ID is defined to be the number of the port which receives the DHCP Request packets and its VLAN number.
Cheating Attack by discarding the DHCP packets on the distrusted port, so as to enhance the network security. Choose the menu Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table to load the following page. Figure 11-8 DHCP Snooping Note: If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG, please ensure the parameters of all the member ports are the same.
¾ ¾ ¾ DHCP Snooping Config DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally. Global Flow Control: Select the value to specify the maximum amount of DHCP messages that can be forwarded by the switch per second. The excessive massages will be discarded. Decline Threshold: Select the value to specify the minimum transmission rate of the Decline packets to trigger the Decline protection for the specific port. Decline Flow Control: Select the value to specify the Decline Flow Control.
LAG: Displays the LAG to which the port belongs to. 11.2 ARP Inspection According to the ARP Implementation Procedure stated in 11.1.3 ARP Scanning, it can be found that ARP protocol can facilitate the Hosts in the same network segment to communicate with one another or access to external network via Gateway.
Figure 11-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to the Gateway, and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When the Gateway tries to communicate with Host A in LAN, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 11-11 ARP Attack – Cheating Terminal Hosts As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 11-12 Man-In-The-Middle Attack Suppose there are three Hosts in LAN connected with one another through a switch. Host A: IP address is 192.168.0.101; MAC address is 00-00-00-11-11-11. Host B: IP address is 192.168.0.102; MAC address is 00-00-00-22-22-22. Attacker: IP address is 192.168.0.103; MAC address is 00-00-00-33-33-33. 1. First, the attacker sends the false ARP response packets. 2. Upon receiving the ARP response packets, Host A and Host B updates the ARP table of their own. 3.
The IP-MAC Binding function allows the switch to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together when the Host connects to the switch. Basing on the predefined IP-MAC Binding entries, the ARP Inspection functions to detect the ARP packets and filter the illegal ARP packet so as to prevent the network from ARP attacks. The ARP Inspection function is implemented on the ARP Detect, ARP Defend and ARP Statistics pages. 11.2.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together. Required. On the IP-MAC Binding page, bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together via Manual Binding, ARP Scanning or DHCP Snooping. 2 Enable the protection for the bound entry. Required. On the Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table page, specify a protect type for the corresponding bound entry.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ARP Defend Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Defend: Select Enable/Disable the ARP Defend feature for the port. Speed: Enter a value to specify the maximum amount of the received ARP packets per second.
Figure 11-15 ARP Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: Specify the refresh interval to display the ARP Statistics. Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number. Trusted Port: Indicates the port is an ARP Trusted Port or not. Illegal ARP Packet: Displays the number of the received illegal ARP packets. 11.
Figure 11-16 IP Source Guard The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ IP Source Guard Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Security Type: Select Security Type for the port. LAG: • Disable: Select this option to disable the IP Source Guard feature for the port.
With DoS Defend function enabled, the switch can analyze the specific fields of the IP packets and distinguish the malicious DoS attack packets. Upon detecting the packets, the switch will discard the illegal packets directly and limit the transmission rate of the legal packets if the over legal packets may incur a breakdown of the network. The switch can defend several types of DoS attack listed in the following table.
11.4.1 DoS Defend On this page, you can enable the DoS Defend type appropriate to your need. Choose the menu Network Security→DoS Defend→DoS Defend to load the following page. Figure 11-17 DoS Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Defend Config DoS Defend: Allows you to Enable/Disable DoS Defend function. Ping Limiting: Specify the transmission rate of the Ping packets when the Defend Type Ping Flooding is enabled.
Choose the menu Network Security→DoS Defend→DoS Detect to load the following page. Figure 11-18 DoS Detect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Detect Config Detect Time: Specify the detect time for each DoS attack type except the flooding attack type. Detect: Click the Detect button to start the detection. The switch will detect each type of the DoS attack in turn. Detect Result Port: Display the port number. Attack Type: Displays the Attack Type name.
Figure 11-19 Architecture of 802.1X authentication （1） Supplicant System: The supplicant system is an entity in LAN and is authenticated by the authenticator system. The supplicant system is usually a common user terminal computer. An 802.1X authentication is initiated when a user launches client program on the supplicant system. Note that the client program must support the 802.1X authentication protocol. （2） Authenticator System: The authenticator system is usually an 802.
authentication by sending EAP-Request/Identity packets to the supplicant. The supplicant system can also launch an 802.1X client program to initiate an 802.1X authentication through the sending of an EAPOL-Start packet to the switch, This TP-LINK switch can authenticate supplicant systems in EAP relay mode or EAP terminating mode. The following illustration of these two modes will take the 802.1X authentication procedure initiated by the supplicant system for example.
RADIUS Access-Challenge packet. The switch then sends the key to the 802.1X client program. 5. Upon receiving the key (encapsulated in an EAP-Request/MD5 Challenge packet) from the switch, the client program encrypts the password of the supplicant system with the key and sends the encrypted password (contained in an EAP-Response/MD5 Challenge packet) to the RADIUS server through the switch. (The encryption is irreversible.) 6.
¾ 802.1X Timer In 802.1 x authentication, the following timers are used to ensure that the supplicant system, the switch, and the RADIUS server interact in an orderly way: （1） Supplicant system timer (Supplicant Timeout): This timer is triggered by the switch after the switch sends a request packet to a supplicant system. The switch will resend the request packet to the supplicant system if the supplicant system fails to respond in the specified timeout period.
Figure 11-22 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disable the 802.1X function. Authentication Method: Select the Authentication Method from the pull-down list. • EAP-MD5: IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authentication protocol (EAP) to exchange information between the switch and the client.
failed to the 802.1X Authentication, then the switch will not respond to the authentication request from the same supplicant during the Quiet Period. Retry Times: Specify the maximum transfer times of the repeated authentication request. Supplicant Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant before resending a request to the supplicant.
Status: Select Enable/Disable the 802.1X authentication feature for the port. Guest VLAN: Select Enable/Disable the Guest VLAN feature for the port. Control Mode: Specify the Control Mode for the port. Control Type: • Auto: In this mode, the port will normally work only after passing the 802.1X Authentication. • Force-Authorized: In this mode, the port can work normally without passing the 802.1X Authentication.
Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the authentication server. Secondary IP: Enter the IP address of the alternate authentication server. Authentication Port: Set the UDP port of authentication server(s). The default port is 1812 Authentication KEY: Set the shared password for the switch and the authentication servers to exchange messages. Accounting Config ¾ Accounting: Enable/Disable the accounting feature. Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the accounting server.
Chapter 12 SNMP ¾ SNMP Overview SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, the most network management systems are based on SNMP.
SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopts Community Name authentication. The community name is used to define the relation between SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent. The SNMP packets failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentication. It is compatible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1.
The User is configured in a SNMP Group can manage the switch via the client program on management station. The specified User Name and the Auth/Privacy Password are used for SNMP Management Station to access the SNMP Agent, functioning as the password. SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP function of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config, Notification and RMON. 12.
Note: The amount of Engine ID characters must be even. 12.1.2 SNMP View The OID (Object Identifier) of the SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View to load the following page.
12.1.3 SNMP Group On this page, you can configure SNMP Group to control the network access by providing the users in various groups with different management rights via the Read View, Write View and Notify View. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Group to load the following page. Figure 12-5 SNMP Group The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group.
writing only and changes can be made to the assigned SNMP View. The View defined both as the Read View and the Write View can be read and modified. Notify View: ¾ Select the View to be the Notify View. The management station can receive notification messages of the assigned SNMP view generated by the Switch's SNMP agent. Group Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It's multi-optional. Group Name: Displays the Group Name here.
Figure 12-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User Type: Select the type for the User. • Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine. • Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the Group Name of the User. The User is classified to the corresponding Group according to its Group Name, Security Model and Security Level.
¾ User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding User. It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User. User Type: Displays the User Type. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User. Auth Mode: Displays the Authentication Mode of the User. Privacy Mode: Displays the Privacy Mode of the User.
MIB View: ¾ • read-only: Management right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View. • read-write: Management right of the Community is read-write and changes can be made to the corresponding View. Select the MIB View for the community to access. Community Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding Community. It is multi-optional. Community Name: Displays the Community Name here.
2 Create SNMP View. 3 Create SNMP Community directly. Configure access level for the User. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View page, create SNMP View of the management agent. The default View Name is viewDefault and the default OID is 1. Required alternatively. z On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Community page, create SNMP Community based on SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c. z Create SNMP Group and SNMP User. Create SNMP Community directly. Create SNMP Group and SNMP User.
Figure 12-8 Notification Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Notification IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the management Host. UDP Port: Enter the number of the UDP port used to send notifications. The UDP port functions with the IP address for the notification sending. The default is 162. User: Enter the User name of the management station. Security Model: Select the Security Model of the management station.
Select: Select the desired management station. entry to delete the corresponding IP Address: Displays the IP Address of the management host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used to send notifications. User: Displays the User name of the management station. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the management station. Security Level: Displays the Security Level for the SNMP v3 User. Type: Displays the type of the notifications.
The RMON Groups can be configured on the History Control, Event Config and Alarm Config pages. 12.3.1 History Control On this page, you can configure the History Group for RMON. Choose the menu SNMP→RMON→History Control to load the following page. Figure 12-9 History Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ History Control Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry.
Figure 12-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Event Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification. Type: Select the event type, which determines the act way of the network device in response to an event. • None: No processing. • Log: Logging the event.
Figure 12-11 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Alarm Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Variable: Select the alarm variables from the pull-down list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample Type: Specify the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
Interval: Enter the alarm interval time in seconds. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding alarm entry. Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that is, the Rising Alarm and Falling Alarm are triggered alternately for that the alarm following to Rising Alarm is certainly a Falling Alarm and vice versa.
Chapter 13 Cluster With the development of network technology, the network scale is getting larger and more network devices are required, which may result in a more complicated network management system. As a large number of devices need to be assigned different network addresses and every management device needs to be respectively configured to meet the application requirements, manpower are needed. The Cluster Management function can solve the above problem.
z The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information. z After being added to the cluster, the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch, z After being removed from the cluster, the member switch becomes to be the candidate switch. z The commander switch becomes to be the candidate switch only when the cluster is deleted.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Neighbor Search Option: ¾ Select the information the desired entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table. Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Remote Port: Displays the port number of the neighbor switch which is connected to the corresponding port. Device Name: Displays the name of the neighbor switch.
Figure 13-3 NDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP packets. Port Status Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays the NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the current port.
Detail： Click the Detail button to view the complete information collected for the port. 13.1.3 NDP Config On this page you can configure the NDP function for the switch. Choose the menu Cluster→NDP→NDP Config to load the following page. Figure 13-4 NDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NDP: Select Enable/Disable NDP function globally. Aging Time: Enter the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch.
Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays NDP status of the current port. Enable: Click the Enable button to enable NDP for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NDP for the port you select. Note: 1. NDP function is effective only when NDP function is enabled globally and for the port. 2. The aging time should be set over the hello time value, otherwise the neighbor information table of NDP ports will be unstable 13.
¾ Device Table Device Type: Displays the device description collected through NTDP. Device MAC: Displays the MAC address of this device. Cluster Name: Displays the cluster name of this device. Role: Displays the role this device plays in the cluster. z z z z Commander: Indicates the device that can configure and manage all the devices in a cluster. Member: Indicates the device that is managed in a cluster.
Figure 13-7 NTDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Displays the interval to collect topology information. NTDP Hops: Displays the hop count the switch topology collects. NTDP Hop Delay: Displays the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NTDP: Displays NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the current port. 13.2.3 NTDP Config On this page you can configure NTDP globally. Choose the menu Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config to load the following page. Figure 13-8 NTDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config NTDP: Select Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Enter the interval to collect topology information. The default is 1 minute.
¾ NTDP Hop Delay: Enter the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time. The default is 200 milliseconds. NTDP Port Delay: Enter the time between the port forwarding NTDP request packets and its adjacent port forwarding NTDP request packets over. The default is 20 milliseconds. Port Config Select: Select the desired port for NTDP status configuration. Port: Displays the port number of the switch.
¾ z Global Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. For a commander switch，the following page is displayed: Figure 13-10 Cluster Summary for Commander Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ ¾ Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster.
z Device MAC: Displays the MAC address of the member switch. IP Address: Displays the IP address of the member switch used in the cluster. Status: Displays the connection status of the member switch. Role: Displays the role the switch plays currently. Online Time: Displays the time when the member switch is added to the cluster. Hops: Displays the hop count from the member switch to the commander switch.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. 13.3.2 Cluster Config On this page you can configure the status of the cluster the switch belongs to. Choose the menu Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Config to load the following page. z For a candidate switch, the following page is displayed.
Figure 13-14 Cluster Configuration for Commander Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Role Change Candidate: ¾ z Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. Cluster Config Cluster Name: Enter the name of the cluster. Hold Time: Enter the time for the switch to keep the cluster information. Interval Time: Enter the interval to send handshake packets.
¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Role Change Individual: z Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be individual switch. For an individual switch, the following page is displayed. Figure 13-16 Cluster Configuration for Individual Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster.
Figure 13-17 Member Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Member Member MAC: ¾ Enter the MAC address of the candidate switch. Member Info Select: Select the desired entry to manage/delete the corresponding member switch. Device Name: Display the description of the member switch. Member MAC: Displays the MAC address of the member switch. IP Address: Displays the IP address of the member switch used in the cluster.
Figure 13-18 Collect Topology The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Graphic Show Collect Topology: Click the Collect Topology button to display the cluster topology. Manage: If the current device is the commander switch in the cluster and the selected device is a member switch in the cluster, you can click the Manage button to log on to Web management page of the corresponding switch.
Step Operation Description 1 Enable the NDP function globally and for the port, and then configure NDP parameters Optional. On Cluster→NDP→NDP Config page, enable the NDP function on the switch. 2 Enable the NTDP function globally and for the port, and then configure NTDP parameters Optional. On Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config page, enable the NTDP function on the switch. 3 Establish a cluster and configure the related parameters Optional.
z Port 1 of the commander switch is connecting to the external network, port 2 is connecting to member switch 1 and port 3 is connecting to member switch 2. z IP pool: 175.128.0.1, Mask: 255.255.255.0. ¾ Network Diagram Figure 13-19 Network diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure z Configure the member switch Step Operation Description 1 Enable NDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NDP→NDP Config page, enable NDP function.
4 Configure the member switch On Cluster→Cluster→Member Config page, select the member switch and click the Manage button to log on to its Web management page. Or On Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Topology page, double-click the switch icon to view its detailed information; click the switch icon and click the Manage button to log on to the Web management page.
Chapter 14 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Cable Test: Test the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network.
Figure 14-1 CPU Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 14.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page.
Figure 14-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 14.2 Log The Log system of switch can record, classify and manage the system information effectively, providing powerful support for network administrator to monitor network operation and diagnose malfunction. The Logs of switch are classified into the following eight levels. Severity Level Description emergencies 0 The system is unusable.
The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 14.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost after the switch is rebooted or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept effective even the switch is rebooted or powered off. Log Table displays the system log information in log buffer.
14.2.2 Local Log Local Log is the log information saved in switch. By default, all system logs are saved in log buffer and the logs with severities from level_0 to level_4 are saved in log file meanwhile. On this page, you can set the output channel for logs. Choose the menu Maintenance→Log→Local Log to load the following page. Figure 14-4 Local Log The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Local Log Config Select: Select the desired entry to configure the corresponding local log.
Figure 14-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity level of the log information sent to each log host. Only the log with the same or smaller severity level value will be sent to the corresponding log host.
Figure 14-6 Backup Log The following entry is displayed on this screen: ¾ Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the log file. Please wait without any operation. 14.3 Device Diagnose This switch provides Cable Test and Loopback functions for device diagnose. 14.3.
Status: Displays the connection status of the cable connected to the port. The test results of the cable include normal, close, open or impedance. Length: If the connection status is normal, here displays the length range of the cable. Error: If the connection status is close, open or impedance, here displays the error length of the cable. Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2. The test result is just for your reference. 14.3.
Test: Click the Test button to start the loopback test for the port. 14.4 Network Diagnose This switch provides Ping test and Tracert test functions for network diagnose. 14.4.1 Ping Ping test function, testing the connectivity between the switch and one node of the network, facilitates you to test the network connectivity and reachability of the host so as to locate the network malfunctions. Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnose→Ping to load the following page.
14.4.2 Tracert Tracert test function is used to test the connectivity of the gateways during its journey from the source to destination of the test data. When malfunctions occur to the network, you can locate trouble spot of the network with this tracert test. Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnose→Tracert to load the following page. Figure 14-10 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device.
Chapter 15 System Maintenance via FTP The firmware can be downloaded to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a protocol in the application layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common protocol used in the IP network for files transfer. If there is something wrong with the firmware of the switch and the switch can not be launched, the firmware can be downloaded to the switch again via FTP function. 1.
Figure 15-2 Open Hyper Terminal 2） The Connection Description Window will prompt shown as Figure 15-3. Enter a name into the Name field and click OK. Figure 15-3 Connection Description 3） Select the port to connect in Figure 15-4 and click OK.
Figure 15-4 Select the port to connect 4） Configure the port selected in the step above shown as the following Figure 15-5. Configure Bits per second as 38400, Data bits as 8, Parity as None, Stop bits as 1, Flow control as None, and then click OK. Figure 15-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootrom menu To download firmware to the switch via FTP function, you need to enter into the bootrom menu of the switch and take the following steps.
Figure 15-6 bootrom Menu As the prompt is displayed for a short time, you are suggested not to release the CTRL-B key until you enter into bootrom menu after powering on the switch. 3） After entering into bootrom menu, please firstly configure the IP parameters of the switch. The format is: ifconfig ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mask 255.255.255.0 gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. For example: Configure the IP address as 172.31.70.22, mask as 255.255.255.0 and gateway as172.31.70.1.
7） Please enter start command to start the switch shown as the following figure. Enter the user name and password (the default user name and password are both admin) to login to the CLI command window and you can manage the switch via CLI command. [TP-LINK]: start Start . . . . . . . . ◀ ****************** User: User Access Login ***************** When you forget the login user name and password, you can enter reset command after entering into bootrom menu to reset the system.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX/100Base-FX Fast Ethernet IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet Standards IEEE802.3z 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p Priority IEEE802.1q VLAN Bridge IEEE802.1X Port-based Access Authentication Ethernet: 10Mbps HD，20Mbps FD Transmission Rate Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps HD，200Mbps FD Gigabit Ethernet: 2000Mbps FD 10Base-T: UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above 100Base-TX: UTP/STP of Cat.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary. 1. Configure TCP/IP component 1) On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel. 2) Click the Network and Internet Connections icon, and then click on the Network Connections tab in the appearing window.
Figure B-2 5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will display and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default.
6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: 802.1X Client Software In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client should be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.1X protocol standard for 802.1X authentication. When the switch TL-SL5428E works as the authenticator system, please take the following instructions to install the TpSupplicant provided on the attached CD for the supplicant Client. 1.1 1. Installation Guide Insert the provided CD into your CD-ROM drive.
Figure C-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4. To continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure C-4 Choose Destination Location By default, the installation files are saved on the Program Files folder of system disk. Click the Change button to modify the destination location proper to your need. 5. Till now, The Wizard is ready to begin the installation. Click Install to start the installation on the following screen.
Figure C-5 Install the Program 6. The InstallShield Wizard is installing TpSupplicant-V2.0 shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure C-6 Setup Status 7. On the following screen, click Finish to complete the installation.
Figure C-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the tips on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer, the 802.1X Client Software TpSupplicant can not work. It’s recommended to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download the latest version of WinPcap for installation. 1.2 Uninstall Software If you want to remove the TpSupplicant, please take the following steps: 1.
Figure C-8 Preparing Setup 3. On the continued screen, click Yes to remove the application from your PC. Figure C-9 Uninstall the Application 4. Click Finish to complete. Figure C-10 Uninstall Complete 1.3 1. Configuration After completing installation, double click the icon Software. The following screen will appear. 244 to run the TP-LINK 802.
Figure C-11 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentication Server. The length of Name and Password should be less than 15 characters. 2. Click the Properties button on Figure C-11 to load the following screen for configuring the connection properties. Figure C-12 Connection Properties Send 802.1X protocol packets by Unicast: When this option is selected, the Client will send the EAPOL Start packets to the switch via multicast and send the 802.
Auto reconnect after timeout: Select this option to allow the Client to automatically start the connection again when it does not receive the handshake reply packets from the switch within a period. 3. To continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Password on Figure C-11. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure C-13 Authentication Dialog 4. When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear.
FAQ: Q1: Why does this error dialog box pop up when starting up the TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software? A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. You are suggested to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version for installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No. This TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software is customized for TP-LINK switches.
Appendix D: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file.
GMRP allows network devices to register end stations with multicast groups. GMRP requires that any participating network devices or end stations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Group Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol. IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging—Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information.
Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base.
A secure replacement for remote access functions, including Telnet. SSH can authenticate users with a cryptographic key, and encrypt data connections between management clients and the switch. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suite of protocols which offers network management services. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) SNTP allows a device to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server.
