TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 JetStream L2 Lite Managed Switch Rev: 1.0.
COPYRIGHT & TRADEMARKS Specifications are subject to change without notice. is a registered trademark of TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Other brands and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. No part of the specifications may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Copyright © 2011 TP-LINK TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
CONTENTS Package Contents ..........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 About this Guide...........................................................................................................2 1.1 Intended Readers .........................................................................................................2 1.2 Conventions.................................................................................
5.2 5.3 5.4 5.1.2 Port Mirror ........................................................................................................30 5.1.3 Port Security ....................................................................................................32 LAG ............................................................................................................................33 5.2.1 LAG Table .................................................................................................
7.5 7.4.1 Port Protect ......................................................................................................83 7.4.2 TC Protect........................................................................................................86 Application Example for STP Function .......................................................................86 Chapter 8 Multicast.....................................................................................................................90 8.
10.3 10.4 10.5 10.2.3 MAC ACL .......................................................................................................126 10.2.4 Standard-IP ACL ............................................................................................127 10.2.5 Extend-IP ACL ...............................................................................................127 Policy Config.............................................................................................................
12.3.2 Event Config ..................................................................................................176 12.3.3 Alarm Config ..................................................................................................177 Chapter 13 Cluster......................................................................................................................180 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 NDP ................................................................................................
Package Contents The following items should be found in your box: ¾ One JetStream L2 Lite Managed Switch ¾ One power cord ¾ One console cable ¾ Two mounting brackets and other fittings ¾ Installation Guide ¾ Resource CD for TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 Switch, including: • This User Guide • Other Helpful Information Note: Make sure that the package contains the above items. If any of the listed items are damaged or missing, please contact with your distributor.
Chapter 1 About this Guide This User Guide contains information for setup and management of TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 JetStream L2 Lite Managed Switch. Please read this guide carefully before operation. 1.1 Intended Readers This Guide is intended for network managers familiar with IT concepts and network terminologies. 1.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 4 System This module is used to configure system properties of the switch. Here mainly introduces: z System Info: Configure the description, system time and network parameters of the switch. z User Manage: Configure the user name and password for users to log on to the Web management page with a certain access level. z System Tools: Manage the configuration file of the switch.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 9 QoS This module is used to configure QoS function to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements. Here mainly introduces: z DiffServ: Configure priorities, port priority, 802.1P priority and DSCP priority. z Bandwidth Control: Configure rate limit feature to control the traffic rate on each port; configure storm control feature to filter broadcast, multicast and UL frame in the network.
Chapter Introduction Chapter 14 Maintenance This module is used to assemble the commonly used system tools to manage the switch. Here mainly introduces: z System Monitor: Monitor the memory and CPU of the switch. z Log: View configuration parameters on the switch. z Device Diagnose: Test the connection status of the cable connected to the switch, test if the port of the switch and the connected device are available.
Chapter 2 Introduction Thanks for choosing the TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 JetStream L2 Lite Managed Switch! 2.1 Overview of the Switch Designed for workgroups and departments, TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 from TP-LINK provides wire-speed performance and full set of layer 2 management features. It provides a variety of service features and multiple powerful functions with high security. The EIA-standardized framework and smart configuration capacity can provide flexible solutions for a variable scale of networks. ACL, 802.
2.3 Appearance Description 2.3.1 Front Panel Figure 2-1 Front Panel The following parts are located on the front panel of the Switch: ¾ 10/100/1000Mbps Ports: Designed to connect to the device with a bandwidth of 10Mbps, 100Mbps or 1000Mbps. Each has a corresponding 1000Mbps LED. ¾ SFP Ports: Designed to install the SFP module. Port 15F shares the same LED with Port 15T and Port 16F shares the same LED with Port 16T.
Note: The TL-SG3424 Switch provides 4 SFP module ports (21F, 22F, 23F, 24F). The port 21F-24F share the same LED with the port 21T-24T respectively. 2.3.2 Rear Panel The rear panel of TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 features a power socket and a Grounding Terminal (marked with ). Figure 2-2 Rear Panel ¾ Grounding Terminal: TL-SG3216/TL-SG3424 already comes with Lightning Protection Mechanism. You can also ground the Switch through the PE (Protecting Earth) cable of AC cord or with Ground Cable.
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch 3.1 Login 1) To access the configuration utility, open a web-browser and type in the default address http://192.168.0.1 in the address field of the browser, then press the Enter key. Figure 3-1 Web-browser Tips: To log in to the Switch, the IP address of your PC should be set in the same subnet addresses of the Switch. The IP address is 192.168.0.x ("x" is any number from 2 to 254), Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 3-3 Main Setup-Menu Note: Clicking Apply can only make the new configurations effective before the switch is rebooted. If you want to keep the configurations effective even the switch is rebooted, please click Saving Config. You are suggested to click Saving Config before cutting off the power or rebooting the switch to avoid losing the new configurations.
Chapter 4 System The System module is mainly for system configuration of the switch, including four submenus: System Info, User Manage, System Tools and Access Security. 4.1 System Info The System Info, mainly for basic properties configuration, can be implemented on System Summary, Device Description, System Time and System IP pages. 4.1.1 System Summary On this page you can view the port connection status and the system information.
Indicates the SFP port is not connected to a device. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 1000Mbps. Indicates the SFP port is at the speed of 100Mbps. When the cursor moves on the port, the detailed information of the port will be displayed. Figure 4-2 Port Information ¾ Port Info Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Type: Displays the type of the port. Rate: Displays the maximum transmission rate of the port. Status: Displays the connection status of the port.
Rx: Select Rx to display the bandwidth utilization of receiving packets on this port. Tx: Select Tx to display the bandwidth utilization of sending packets on this port. 4.1.2 Device Description On this page you can configure the description of the switch, including device name, device location and system contact. Choose the menu System→System Info→Device Description to load the following page.
Figure 4-5 System Time The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Time Info Current Date: System Current Time Mode: ¾ Displays the current time mode of the switch. Time Config Manual: When this option is selected, you can set the date and time manually. Get GMT: When this option is selected, you can configure the time zone and the IP Address for the NTP Server. The switch will get GMT automatically if it has connected to a NTP Server. z Time Zone: Select your local time.
Note: 1. The system time will be restored to the default when the switch is restarted and you need reconfigure the system time of the switch. 2. When Get GMT is selected and no time server is configured, the switch will get time from the time server of the Internet if it has connected to the Internet. 4.1.4 System IP Each device in the network possesses a unique IP Address. You can log on to the Web management page to operate the switch using this IP Address.
2. The switch only possesses an IP address. The IP address configured will replace the original IP address. 3. If the switch gets the IP address from DHCP server, you can see the configuration of the switch in the DHCP server; if DHCP option is selected but no DHCP server exists in the network, a few minutes later, the switch will restore the setting to the default. 4.
Figure 4-8 User Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ User Info User Name: Create a name for users’ login. Access Level: Select the access level to login. z z ¾ Admin: Admin can edit, modify and view all the settings of different functions. Guest: Guest only can view the settings without the right to edit and modify. User Status: Select Enable/Disable the user configuration. Password: Type a password for users’ login. Confirm Password: Retype the password.
4.3 System Tools The System Tools function, allowing you to manage the configuration file of the switch, can be implemented on Config Restore, Config Backup, Firmware Upgrade, System Reboot and System Reset pages. 4.3.1 Config Restore On this page you can upload a backup configuration file to restore your switch to this previous configuration. Choose the menu System→System Tools→Config Restore to load the following page.
Figure 4-10 Config Backup The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Config Backup Backup Config: Click the Backup Config button to save the current configuration as a file to your computer. You are suggested to take this measure before upgrading. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the configuration. Please wait without any operation. 4.3.3 Firmware Upgrade The switch system can be upgraded via the Web management page.
3. To avoid damage, please don't turn off the device while upgrading. 4. After upgrading, the device will reboot automatically. 5. You are suggested to backup the configuration before upgrading. 4.3.4 System Reboot On this page you can reboot the switch and return to the login page. Please save the current configuration before rebooting to avoid loosing the configuration unsaved Choose the menu System→System Tools→System Reboot to load the following page.
Choose the menu System→Access Security→Access Control to load the following page. Figure 4-14 Access Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Access Control Config Control Mode: Select the control mode for users to log on to the Web management page. z z z ¾ IP-based: Select this option to limit the IP-range of the users for login. MAC-based: Select this option to limit the MAC Address of the users for login. Port-based: Select this option to limit the ports for login.
Session Timeout: ¾ If you do nothing with the Web management page within the timeout time, the system will log out automatically. If you want to reconfigure, please login again. Access User Number Number Control； Select Enable/Disable the Number Control function. Admin Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Admin. Guest Number: Enter the maximum number of the users logging on to the Web management page as Guest. 4.4.
Figure 4-15 SSL Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config SSL: ¾ Certificate Download Certificate File: ¾ Select Enable/Disable the SSL function on the switch. Select the desired certificate to download to the switch. The certificate must be BASE64 encoded. Key Download Key File: Select the desired SSL Key to download to the switch. The key must be BASE64 encoded. Note: 1.
information in a remote management being leaked. Comprising server and client, SSH has two versions, V1 and V2 which are not compatible with each other. In the communication, SSH server and client can auto-negotiate the SSH version and the encryption algorithm. After getting a successful negotiation, the client sends authentication request to the server for login, and then the two can communicate with each other after successful authentication.
Key Type: Select the type of SSH Key to download. The switch supports three types: SSH-1 RSA, SSH-2 RSA and SSH-2 DSA. Key File: Select the desired key file to download. Download: Click the Download button to download the desired key file to the switch. Note: 1. Please ensure the key length of the downloaded file is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. After the Key File is downloaded, the user’s original key of the same type will be replaced.
Application Example 2 for SSH: ¾ Network Requirements 1. Log on to the switch via password authentication using SSH and the SSH function is enabled on the switch. 2. PuTTY client software is recommended. ¾ Configuration Procedure 1. Select the key type and key length, and generate SSH key. Note: 1. The key length is in the range of 256 to 3072 bits. 2. During the key generation, randomly moving the mouse quickly can accelerate the key generation. 2.
3. On the Web management page of the switch, download the public key file saved in the computer to the switch. Note: 1. The key type should accord with the type of the key file. 2. The SSH key downloading can not be interrupted. 4. Download the private key file to SSH client software.
5. After the public key and private key are downloaded, please log on to the interface of PuTTY and enter the IP address for login. After successful authentication, please enter the login user name. If you log on to the switch without entering password, it indicates that the key has been successfully downloaded.
Chapter 5 Switching Switching module is used to configure the basic functions of the switch, including four submenus: Port, LAG, Traffic Monitor and MAC Address. 5.1 Port The Port function, allowing you to configure the basic features for the port, is implemented on the Port Config, Port Mirror and Port Security pages. 5.1.1 Port Config On this page, you can configure the basic parameters for the ports. When the port is disabled, the packets on the port will be discarded.
Port: Displays the port number. Description: Give a description to the port for identification. Status: Allows you to Enable/Disable the port. When Enable is selected, the port can forward the packets normally. Speed and Duplex: Select the Speed and Duplex mode for the port. The device connected to the switch should be in the same Speed and Duplex mode with the switch. When “Auto” is selected, the Speed and Duplex mode will be determined by auto-negotiation.
Group: Displays the mirror group number. Mirroring: Displays the mirroring port number. Mode: Displays the mirror mode, the value can be "Ingress", "Egress", "Both" or "None". Mirrored Port: Displays the mirrored ports. Operation: Click Edit to configure the mirror group. Click Edit to display the following figure. Figure 5-3 Mirroring Port The following entries are displayed on this screen. ¾ Mirror Group Number: ¾ ¾ Select the mirror group number you want to configure.
Note: 1. The LAG member can not be selected as the mirrored port or mirroring port. 2. A port can not be set as the mirrored port and the mirroring port simultaneously. 3. The Port Mirror function can take effect span the multiple VLANs. 5.1.3 Port Security MAC Address Table maintains the mapping relationship between the port and the MAC address of the connected device, which is the base of the packet forwarding. The capacity of MAC Address Table is fixed.
Select: Select the desired port for Port Security configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Max Learned MAC: Specify the maximum number of MAC addresses that can be learned on the port. Learned Num: Displays the number of MAC addresses that have been learned on the port. Learn Mode: Select the Learn Mode for the port. Status: • Dynamic: When Dynamic mode is selected, the learned MAC address will be deleted automatically after the aging time.
Tips: 1. Calculate the bandwidth for a LAG: If a LAG consists of the four ports in the speed of 1000Mbps Full Duplex, the whole bandwidth of the LAG is up to 8000Mbps (2000Mbps * 4) because the bandwidth of each member port is 2000Mbps counting the up-linked speed of 1000Mbps and the down-linked speed of 1000Mbps. 2. The traffic load of the LAG will be balanced among the ports according to the Aggregate Arithmetic.
Operation: Allows you to view or modify the information for each LAG. • Edit: Click to modify the settings of the LAG. • Detail: Click to get the information of the LAG. Click the Detail button for the detailed information of your selected LAG. Figure 5-6 Detail Information 5.2.2 Static LAG On this page, you can manually configure the LAG. The LACP feature is disabled for the member ports of the manually added Static LAG. Choose the menu Switching→LAG→Static LAG to load the following page.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ LAG Config Group Number: Select a Group Number for the LAG. Description: Give a description to the LAG for identification. LAG Table Member Port: Select the port as the LAG member. Clearing all the ports of the LAG will delete this LAG. Tips: 1. The LAG can be deleted by clearing its all member ports. 2. A port can only be added to a LAG.
Figure 5-8 LACP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config LACP: ¾ Enable/Disable the LACP feature here. LACP Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for LACP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Admin Key: Specify an Admin Key for the port. The member ports in a dynamic aggregation group must have the same Admin Key.
member. The port with smaller Port Priority will be considered as the preferred one. If the two port priorities are equal; the port with smaller port number is preferred. Status: Enable/Disable the LACP feature for your selected port. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. 5.3 Traffic Monitor The Traffic Monitor function, monitoring the traffic of each port, is implemented on the Traffic Summary and Traffic Statistics pages. 5.3.
Refresh Rate: ¾ Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Traffic Summary Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number. Packets Rx: Displays the number of packets received on the port. The error packets are not counted in. Packets Tx: Displays the number of packets transmitted on the port. Octets Rx: Displays the number of octets received on the port.
¾ Auto Refresh: Allows you to Enable/Disable refreshing the Traffic Summary automatically. Refresh Rate: Enter a value in seconds to specify the refresh interval. Statistics Port: Enter a port number and click the Select button to view the traffic statistics of the corresponding port. Received: Displays the details of the packets received on the port. Sent: Displays the details of the packets transmitted on the port.
updated by auto-learning. In the stable networks, the static MAC address entries can facilitate the switch to reduce broadcast packets and enhance the efficiency of packets forwarding remarkably. The address filtering feature allows the switch to filter the undesired packets and forbid its forwarding so as to improve the network security.
Figure 5-11 Address Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option MAC Address: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of your desired entry. Port: Select the corresponding port number of your desired entry. Type: Select the type of your desired entry. z z z z ¾ All: This option allows the address table to display all the address entries. Static: This option allows the address table to display the static address entries only.
MAC Address: Displays the MAC address learned by the switch. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding Port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging status of the MAC address. 5.4.2 Static Address The static address table maintains the static address entries which can be added or removed manually, independent of the aging time.
Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Static Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry. • Port: Enter the Port number of your desired entry. Static Address Table Select: Select the entry to delete or modify the corresponding port number. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the static MAC Address.
Figure 5-13 Dynamic Address The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Aging Config Auto Aging: Allows you to Enable/Disable the Auto Aging feature. Aging Time: Enter the Aging Time for the dynamic address. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Dynamic Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Select: Select the entry to delete the dynamic address or to bind the MAC address to the corresponding port statically. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the dynamic MAC Address. VLAN ID: Displays the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Port: Displays the corresponding port number of the MAC address. Type: Displays the Type of the MAC address. Aging Status: Displays the Aging Status of the MAC address.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Filtering Address MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address to be filtered. VLAN ID: Enter the corresponding VLAN ID of the MAC address. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select a Search Option from the pull-down list and click the Search button to find your desired entry in the Filtering Address Table. • MAC: Enter the MAC address of your desired entry. • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID number of your desired entry.
Chapter 6 VLAN The traditional Ethernet is a data network communication technology based on CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect) via shared communication medium. Through the traditional Ethernet, the overfull hosts in LAN will result in serious collision, flooding broadcasts, poor performance or even breakdown of the Internet.
packets of different VLANs. The switch can analyze the received untagged packets on the port and match the packets with the MAC VLAN, Protocol VLAN and 802.1Q VLAN in turn. If a packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding VLAN tag to it and forward it in the corresponding VLAN. 6.1 802.1Q VLAN VLAN tags in the packets are necessary for the switch to identify packets of different VLANs.
（2） TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The TRUNK port is generally used to connect the cascaded network devices for it can receive and forward the packets of multiple VLANs. When the packets are forwarded by the TRUNK port, its VLAN tag will not be changed. （3） GENERAL: The GENERAL port can be added in multiple VLANs and set various egress rules according to the different VLANs. The default egress rule is UNTAG.
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN function is implemented on the VLAN Config and Port Config pages. 6.1.1 VLAN Config On this page, you can view the current created 802.1Q VLAN. Choose the menu VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config to load the following page. Figure 6-3 VLAN Table To ensure the normal communication of the factory switch, the default VLAN of all ports is set to VLAN1. The Web Management Page of switch can only be accessed through the ports in VLAN1. VLAN1 can not be modified or deleted.
Figure 6-4 Create or Modify 802.1Q VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of VLAN. Description: Give a description to the VLAN for identification. Check: Click the Check button to check whether the VLAN ID you entered is valid or not. VLAN Members Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to be a member of VLAN or leave it blank.
Egress Rule: LAG: Select the Egress Rule for the VLAN port member. The default egress rule is UNTAG. • TAG: All packets forwarded by the port are tagged. The packets contain VLAN information. • UNTAG: Packets forwarded by the port Displays the LAG to which the port belongs. 6.1.2 Port Config Before creating the 802.1Q VLAN, please acquaint yourself with all the devices connected to the switch in order to configure the ports properly. Choose the menu VLAN→802.
Select the Link Type from the pull-down list for the port. Link Type: • ACCESS: The ACCESS port can be added in a single VLAN, and the egress rule of the port is UNTAG. The PVID is same as the current VLAN ID. If the current VLAN is deleted, the PVID will be set to 1 by default. • TRUNK: The TRUNK port can be added in multiple VLANs, and the egress rule of the port is TAG. The PVID can be set as the VID number of any VLAN the port belongs to.
3 Modify/View VLAN. Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, click the Edit/Detail button to modify/view the information of the corresponding VLAN. 4 Delete VLAN Optional. On the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, select the desired entry to delete the corresponding VLAN by clicking the Delete button. 6.2 MAC VLAN MAC VLAN technology is the way to classify VLANs according to the MAC addresses of Hosts. A MAC address corresponds to a single VLAN ID.
MAC Address: Enter the MAC address. Description: Give a description to the MAC address for identification. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the MAC VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to. MAC VLAN Table ¾ MAC Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the MAC address you entered. Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. MAC Address: Displays the MAC address.
¾ Encapsulation Format of Ethernet Data This section simply introduces the common used encapsulation format of Ethernet data to understand the procedure for the switch to identify the protocol of packets. At present there are two encapsulation formats of Ethernet data, Etthernet II encapsulation and 802.2/802.3 encapsulation, shown as follows: z Ethernet II encapsulation z 802.2/802.3 encapsulation DA and SA respectively refer to destination MAC address and source MAC address.
¾ The Implementation of Protocol VLAN This Switch can match packets through protocol template and transmit packets in the specific VLAN according to the protocol. Protocol template, comprising encapsulation format and protocol type, is the standard to determine the protocol which a packet belongs to. The following table shows the common used encapsulation formats supported in network layer protocol and the protocol templates are for reference.
1. When receiving an untagged packet, the switch matches the packet with the current Protocol VLAN. If the packet is matched, the switch will add a corresponding Protocol VLAN tag to it. If no Protocol VLAN is matched, the switch will add a tag to the packet according to the PVID of the received port. Thus, the packet is assigned automatically to the corresponding VLAN for transmission. 2. When receiving tagged packet, the switch will process it based on the 802.1Q VLAN.
Figure 6-9 Create Protocol VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Protocol Group Config Protocol: Select the defined protocol template. VLAN ID: Enter the ID number of the Protocol VLAN. This VLAN should be one of the 802.1Q VLANs the ingress port belongs to. Protocol Group Member Select your desired port for Protocol VLAN Group. 6.3.3 Protocol Template The Protocol Template should be created before configuring the Protocol VLAN.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: Create Protocol Template ¾ Protocol Name: Give a name for the Protocol Template. Ether Type: Enter the Ethernet protocol type field in the protocol template. Frame Type: Select a Frame Type for the Protocol Template. Protocol Template Table ¾ Select: Select the desired entry. It is multi-optional. ID Displays the index of the protocol template. Protocol Name: Displays the name of the protocol template.
z Switch B is connecting to PC B and Server A; z PC A and Server A is in the same VLAN; z PC B and Server B is in the same VLAN; z PCs in the two VLANs cannot communicate with each other. ¾ Network Diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure Configure Switch A z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 2, Port 3 and Port 4 as ACCESS, TRUNK and ACCESS respectively 2 Create VLAN10 Required.
6.5 Application Example for MAC VLAN Network Requirements ¾ z Switch A and Switch B are connected to meeting room A and meeting room B respectively, and the two rooms are for all departments; z Notebook A and Notebook B, special for meeting room, are of two different departments; z The two departments are in VLAN10 and VLAN20 respectively.
Configure Switch B z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 21 and Port 22 as GENERAL and TRUNK respectively. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 21 and Port 22, and configure the egress rule of Port 21 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
Configuration Procedure ¾ Configure Switch A z Step Operation Description 1 Configure the Link Type of the ports Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of Port 11 and Port 13 as ACCESS, and configure the link type of Port 12 as GENERAL. 2 Create VLAN10 Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→VLAN Config page, create a VLAN with its VLANID as 10, owning Port 12 and Port 13, and configure the egress rule of Port 12 as Untag. 3 Create VLAN20 Required. On VLAN→802.
5 Create Protocol VLAN 10 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol Group page, create protocol VLAN 10 with Protocol as IP and tick Port 3. 6 Create Protocol VLAN 20 On VLAN→Protocol VLAN→Protocol Group page, create protocol VLAN 20 with Protocol as AppleTalk and tick Port 3. 6.7 GVRP GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) is an implementation of GARP (generic attribute registration protocol).
and deregisters the attribute information if it does not receives a Join message again before the timer times out. • ¾ LeaveAll Timer: Once a GARP entity starts up, it starts the LeaveAll timer, and sends out a LeaveALL message after the timer times out, so that other GARP entities can re-register all the attribute information on this entity. After that, the entity restarts the LeaveAll timer to begin a new cycle.
Figure 6-11 GVRP Config Note: If the GVRP feature is enabled for a member port of LAG, please ensure all the member ports of this LAG are set to be in the same status and registration mode. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config GVRP: ¾ Allows you to Enable/Disable the GVRP function. Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding entry based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for configuration.
• Fixed: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister a VLAN dynamically. It only propagates static VLAN information. • Forbidden: In this mode, a port cannot register/deregister VLANs. It only propagates VLAN 1 information. LeaveAll Timer: Once the LeaveAll Timer is set, the port with GVRP enabled can send a LeaveAll message after the timer times out, so that other GARP ports can re-register all the attribute information. After that, the LeaveAll timer will start to begin a new cycle.
Chapter 7 Spanning Tree STP (Spanning Tree Protocol), subject to IEEE 802.1D standard, is to disbranch a ring network in the Data Link layer in a local network. Devices running STP discover loops in the network and block ports by exchanging information, in that way, a ring network can be disbranched to form a tree-topological ring-free network to prevent packets from being duplicated and forwarded endlessly in the network. BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) is the protocol data that STP and RSTP use.
Figure 7-1 Basic STP diagram ¾ STP Timers Hello Time: Hello Time ranges from 1 to 10 seconds. It specifies the interval to send BPDU packets. It is used to test the links. Max. Age: Max. Age ranges from 6 to 40 seconds. It specifies the maximum time the switch can wait without receiving a BPDU before attempting to reconfigure. Forward Delay: Forward Delay ranges from 4 to 30 seconds. It specifies the time for the port to transit its state after the network topology is changed.
z Comparing BPDUs Each switch sends out configuration BPDUs and receives a configuration BPDU on one of its ports from another switch. The following table shows the comparing operations. Step Operation 1 If the priority of the BPDU received on the port is lower than that of the BPDU if of the port itself, the switch discards the BPDU and does not change the BPDU of the port.
¾ z The condition for the root port to transit its port state rapidly: The old root port of the switch stops forwarding data and the designated port of the upstream switch begins to forward data. z The condition for the designated port to transit its port state rapidly: The designated port is an edge port or connecting to a point-to-point link.
Figure 7-2 Basic MSTP diagram ¾ MSTP MSTP divides a network into several MST regions. The CST is generated between these MST regions, and multiple spanning trees can be generated in each MST region. Each spanning tress is called an instance. As well as STP, MSTP uses BPDUs to generate spanning tree. The only difference is that the BPDU for MSTP carry the MSTP configuration information on the switches.
Figure 7-3 Port roles The Spanning Tree module is mainly for spanning tree configuration of the switch, including four submenus: STP Config, Port Config, MSTP Instance and STP Security. 7.1 STP Config The STP Config function, for global configuration of spanning trees on the switch, can be implemented on STP Config and STP Summary pages. 7.1.1 STP Config Before configuring spanning trees, you should make clear the roles each switch plays in each spanning tree instance.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Global Config STP: Select Enable/Disable STP function globally on the switch. Version: Select the desired STP version on the switch. z STP: Spanning Tree Protocol. z RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol. z MSTP: Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. ¾ Parameters Config CIST Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 61440 to specify the priority of the switch for comparison in the CIST. CIST priority is an important criterion on determining the root bridge.
4. If the TxHold Count parameter is too large, the number of MSTP packets being sent in each hello time may be increased with occupying too much network resources. The default value is recommended. 7.1.2 STP Summary On this page you can view the related parameters for Spanning Tree function. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Summary to load the following page. Figure 7-5 STP Summary 7.
Figure 7-6 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for STP configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Status: Select Enable /Disable STP function for the desired port. Priority: Enter a value from 0 to 240 divisible by 16.
z z z z z Port Status: Displays the working status of the port. z z z z LAG: Designated Port: Indicates the port that forwards packets to a downstream network segment or switch. Master Port: Indicates the port that connects a MST region to the common root. The path from the master port to the common root is the shortest path between this MST region and the common root. Alternate Port: Indicates the port that can be a backup port of a root or master port.
Figure 7-7 Region Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Region Config Region Name: Create a name for MST region identification using up to 32 characters. Revision: Enter the revision from 0 to 65535 for MST region identification. 7.3.2 Instance Config Instance Configuration, a property of MST region, is used to describe the VLAN to Instance mapping configuration. You can assign VLAN to different instances appropriate to your needs.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Instance Table Instance ID Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding Instance ID based on the ID number you entered. Select: Select the desired Instance ID for configuration. It is multi-optional. Instance: Displays Instance ID of the switch. Status: Select Enable/Disable the instance. Priority: Enter the priority of the switch in the instance.
Figure 7-9 Instance Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Instance ID: Select the desired instance ID for its port configuration. Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port to specify its priority and path cost. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Priority: Enter the priority of the port in the instance.
Note: The port status of one port in different spanning tree instances can be different. Global configuration Procedure for Spanning Tree function: Step Operation Description 1 Make clear roles the switches play in spanning tree instances: root bridge or designated bridge Preparation. 2 Globally configure parameters MSTP Required. Enable Spanning Tree function on the switch and configure MSTP parameters on Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page. 3 Configure MSTP parameters for ports Required.
A CIST and its secondary root bridges are usually located in the high-bandwidth core region. Wrong configuration or malicious attacks may result in configuration BPDU packets with higher priorities being received by the legal root bridge, which causes the current legal root bridge to lose its position and network topology jitter to occur. In this case, flows that should travel along high-speed links may lead to low-speed links, and network congestion may occur.
Figure 7-10 Port Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Protect Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for port protect configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Loop Protect: Loop Protect is to prevent the loops in the network brought by recalculating STP because of link failures and network congestions.
7.4.2 TC Protect When TC Protect is enabled for the port on Port Protect page, the TC threshold and TC protect cycle need to be configured on this page. Choose the menu Spanning Tree→STP Security→TC Protect to load the following page. Figure 7-11 TC Protect The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ TC Protect TC Threshold: Enter a number from 1 to 100. It is the maximum number of the TC-BPDUs received by the switch in a TC Protect Cycle. The default value is 20.
Configuration Procedure ¾ z Configure Switch A: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN 101 and VLAN 106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
z Configure Switch C: Step Operation Description 1 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page, configure the link type of the related ports as Trunk, and add the ports to VLAN 101 and VLAN 106. The detailed instructions can be found in the section 802.1Q VLAN. 2 Enable STP function On Spanning Tree→STP Config→STP Config page, enable STP function and select MSTP version. On Spanning Tree→STP Config→Port Config page, enable MSTP function for the port.
z ¾ For Instance 2 (VLAN 102, 104 and 106), the blue paths in the following figure are connected links; the gray paths are the blocked links. Suggestion for Configuration z Enable TC Protect function for all the ports of switches. z Enable Root Protect function for all the ports of root bridges. z Enable Loop Protect function for the non-edge ports. Enable BPDU Protect function or BPDU Filter function for the edge ports which are connected to the PC and server.
Chapter 8 Multicast ¾ Multicast Overview In the network, packets are sent in three modes: unicast, broadcast and multicast. In unicast, the source server sends separate copy information to each receiver. When a large number of users require this information, the server must send many pieces of information with the same content to the users. Therefore, large bandwidth will be occupied. In broadcast, the system transmits information to all users in a network.
1. Multicast IP Address: As specified by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), Class D IP addresses are used as destination addresses of multicast packets. The multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0~239.255.255.255. The following table displays the range and description of several special multicast IP addresses. Multicast IP address range Description 224.0.0.0～224.0.0.255 Reserved multicast addresses for routing protocols and other network protocols 224.0.1.0～224.0.1.
¾ IGMP Snooping In the network, the hosts apply to the near Router for joining (leaving) a multicast group by sending IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) messages. When the up-stream device forwards down the multicast data, the switch is responsible for sending them to the hosts. IGMP Snooping is a multicast control mechanism, which can be used on the switch for dynamic registration of the multicast group.
The host, running IGMPv1, does not send IGMP leave message when leaving a multicast group, as a result, the switch can not get the leave information of the host momentarily. However, after leaving the multicast group, the host does not send IGMP report message any more, so the switch will remove the port from the corresponding multicast address table when its member port time times out.
Figure 8-4 Basic Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping function globally on the Switch. Unknown Multicast: Select the operation for the switch to process unknown multicast, Forward or Discard. IGMP Snooping Status Description: Displays IGMP Snooping status. Member: Displays the member of the corresponding status. 8.1.2 Port Config On this page you can configure the IGMP feature for ports of the switch.
Figure 8-5 Port Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Port Config Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select the desired port for IGMP Snooping feature configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port of the Switch. IGMP Snooping: Select Enable/Disable IGMP Snooping for the desired port. Fast Leave: Select Enable/Disable Fast Leave feature for the desired port.
Figure 8-6 VLAN Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN Config VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID to enable IGMP Snooping for the desired VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
VLAN ID: Displays the VLAN ID. Router Port Time: Displays the router port time of the VLAN. Member Port Time: Displays the member port time of the VLAN. Leave Time: Displays the leave time of the VLAN. Router Port: Displays the router port of the VLAN. Note: The settings here will be invalid when multicast VLAN is enabled Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable function Snooping Required.
Figure 8-7 Multicast VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Multicast VLAN Multicast VLAN: Select Enable/Disable Multicast VLAN feature. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast VLAN. Router Port Time: Specify the aging time of the router port. Within this time, if the switch doesn’t receive IGMP query message from the router port, it will consider this port is not a router port any more. Member Port Time: Specify the aging time of the member port.
Configuration procedure: Step Operation 1 Enable IGMP function 2 Create a multicast VLAN 3 Description Snooping Configure parameters multicast VLAN Required. Enable IGMP Snooping globally on the switch and for the port on Multicast→IGMP Snooping→Snooping Config and Port Config page. Required. Create a multicast VLAN and add all the member ports and router ports to the VLAN on the VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. for z Configure the link type of the member ports as GENERAL.
¾ Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Create VLANs Create three VLANs with the VLAN ID 3, 4 and 5 respectively, and specify the description of VLAN3 as Multicast VLAN on VLAN→802.1Q VLAN page. 2 Configure ports On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN function pages. For port 3, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as TAG, and add it to VLAN3, VLAN4 and VLAN5. For port 4, configure its link type as GENERAL and its egress rule as UNTAG, and add it to VLAN3 and VLAN 4.
8.2.1 Multicast IP Table On this page you can view the multicast IP table on the switch. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast IP→Multicast IP Table to load the following page. Figure 8-8 Multicast IP Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option Multicast IP: Enter the multicast IP address the desired entry must carry. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID the desired entry must carry. Port: Select the port number the desired entry must carry.
Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast IP→Static Multicast IP to load the following page. Figure 8-9 Static Multicast IP Table The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Create Static Multicast Multicast IP: Enter static multicast IP address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID of the multicast IP. Forward Port: Enter the forward port of the multicast group. Search Option Search Option: ¾ Select the rules for displaying multicast IP table to find the desired entries quickly.
to restrict users ordering multicast programs via configuring multicast filter rules. When applying for a multicast group, the host will send IGMP report message. After receiving the report message, the switch will firstly check the multicast filter rules configured for the receiving port. If the port can be added to the multicast group, it will be added to the multicast address table; if the port can not be added to the multicast group, the switch will drop the IGMP report message.
8.3.2 Port Filter On this page you can configure the multicast filter rules for port. Take the configuration on this page and the configuration on IP-Range page together to function to implement multicast filter function on the switch. Choose the menu Multicast→Multicast Filter→Port Filter to load the following page.
Bound IP-Range (ID): Enter the IP-rang ID the port will be bound to. Max Groups: Specify the maximum number of multicast groups to prevent some ports taking up too much bandwidth. LAG: Displays the LAG number which the port belongs to. Note: 1. Multicast Filter feature can only have effect on the VLAN with IGMP Snooping enabled. 2. Multicast Filter feature has no effect on static multicast IP. 3. Up to 5 IP-Ranges can be bound to one port.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Select Enable/Disable auto refresh feature. Refresh Period: Enter the time from 3 to 300 in seconds to specify the auto refresh period. IGMP Statistics Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Query Packet: Displays the number of query packets the port received.
Chapter 9 QoS QoS (Quality of Service) functions to provide different quality of service for various network applications and requirements and optimize the bandwidth resource distribution so as to provide a network service experience of a better quality. ¾ QoS This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function.
Figure 9-2 802.1Q frame As shown in the figure above, each 802.1Q Tag has a Pri field, comprising 3 bits. The 3-bit priority field is 802.1p priority in the range of 0 to 7. 802.1P priority determines the priority of the packets based on the Pri value. On the Web management page of the switch, you can configure different priority tags mapping to the corresponding priority levels, and then the switch determine which packet is sent preferentially when forwarding packets.
Figure 9-4 SP-Mode 2. WRR-Mode: Weight Round Robin Mode. In this mode, packets in all the queues are sent in order based on the weight value for each queue and every queue can be assured of a certain service time. The weight value indicates the occupied proportion of the resource. WRR queue overcomes the disadvantage of SP queue that the packets in the queues with lower priority can not get service for a long time.
The QoS module is mainly for traffic control and priority configuration, including three submenus: DiffServ, Bandwidth Control and Voice VLAN. 9.1 DiffServ This switch classifies the ingress packets, maps the packets to different priority queues and then forwards the packets according to specified scheduling algorithms to implement QoS function. This switch implements three priority modes based on port, on 802.1P and on DSCP, and supports four queue scheduling algorithms.
Step Operation Description 1 Select the port priority Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Port Priority page, configure the port priority. 2 Configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority and TC Required. On QoS→DiffServ→802.1P Priority page, configure the mapping relation between the 802.1P priority and TC. 3 Select a schedule mode Required. On QoS→DiffServ→Schedule page,, select a schedule mode. Mode 9.1.2 Schedule Mode On this page you can select a schedule mode for the switch.
9.1.3 802.1P Priority On this page you can configure 802.1P priority. 802.1P gives the Pri field in 802.1Q tag a recommended definition. This field is used to divide packets into 8 priorities. When 802.1P Priority is enabled, the packets with 802.1Q tag are mapped to different priority levels based on 802.1P priority mode. The untagged packets are mapped based on port priority mode. Choose the menu QoS→DiffServ→802.1P Priority to load the following page. Figure 9-8 802.
Figure 9-9 DSCP Priority The following entries are displayed on this screen: DSCP Priority Config ¾ DSCP Priority: Select Enable or Disable DSCP Priority. Priority Level ¾ DSCP: Indicates the priority determined by the DS region of IP datagram. It ranges from 0 to 63. Priority: Indicates the 802.1P priority the packets with tag are mapped to. The priorities are labeled as CoS0 ~ CoS7.
9.2 Bandwidth Control Bandwidth function, allowing you to control the traffic rate and broadcast flow on each port to ensure network in working order, can be implemented on Rate Limit and Storm Control pages. 9.2.1 Rate Limit Rate limit functions to control the ingress/egress traffic rate on each port via configuring the available bandwidth of each port. In this way, the network bandwidth can be reasonably distributed and utilized.
Note: 1. If you enable ingress rate limit feature for the storm control-enabled port, storm control feature will be disabled for this port. 2. When egress rate limit feature is enabled for one or more ports, you are suggested to disable the flow control on each port to ensure the switch works normally. 9.2.2 Storm Control Storm Control function allows the switch to filter broadcast, multicast and UL frame in the network.
Broadcast (bps): Rate Select the bandwidth for receiving broadcast packets on the port. The packet traffic exceeding the bandwidth will be discarded. Select Disable to disable the storm control function for the port. Mulitcast (bps): Rate Select the bandwidth for receiving multicast packets on the port. The packet traffic exceeding the bandwidth will be discarded. Select Disable to disable the storm control function for the port.
A voice VLAN can operate in two modes: automatic mode and manual mode. Automatic Mode: In this mode, the switch automatically add a port which receives voice packets to voice VLAN and determine the priority of the packets through learning the source MAC of the UNTAG packets sent from IP phone when it is powered on. The aging time of voice VLAN can be configured on the switch.
Security Mode Packet Type Processing Mode When the source MAC address of the packet is the OUI address that can be identified, the packet can be Packet with voice VLAN transmitted in the voice VLAN. Otherwise, the packet TAG will be discarded. UNTAG packet Enable The processing mode for the device to deal with the Packet with other VLAN packet is determined by whether the port permits TAG the VLAN or not, independent of voice VLAN security mode.
Aging Time: Specifies the living time of the member port in auto mode after the OUI address is aging out. Priority: Select the priority of the port when sending voice data. 9.3.2 Port Config Before the voice VLAN function is enabled, the parameters of the ports in the voice VLAN should be configured on this page. Choose the menu QoS→Voice VLAN→Port Config to load the following page.
Port Mode: Select the mode for the port to join the voice VLAN. z z Security Mode: Auto: In this mode, the switch automatically adds a port to the voice VLAN or removes a port from the voice VLAN by checking whether the port receives voice data or not Manual: In this mode, you can manually add a port to the voice VLAN or remove a port from the voice VLAN. Configure the security mode for forwarding packets. z z Disable: All packets are forwarded. Enable: Only voice data are forwarded.
Select: Select the desired entry to view the detailed information. OUI: Displays the OUI address of the voice device. Mask: Displays the OUI address mask of the voice device. Description: Displays the description of the OUI. Configuration Procedure of Voice VLAN: Step Operation Description 1 Configure the link type of the port Required. On VLAN→802.1Q VLAN→Port Config page, configure the link type of ports of the voice device. 2 Create VLAN Required. On VLAN→802.
Chapter 10 ACL ACL (Access Control List) is used to filter packets by configuring match rules and process policies of packets in order to control the access of the illegal users to the network. Besides, ACL functions to control traffic flows and save network resources. It provides a flexible and secured access control policy and facilitates you to control the network security.
10.1.2 Time-Range Create On this page you can create time-ranges. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Time-Range Create to load the following page. Figure 10-2 Time-Range Create Note: To successfully configure time-ranges, please firstly specify time-slices and then time-ranges. The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ ¾ Create Time-Range Name: Enter the name of the time-range for time identification. Holiday: Select Holiday you set as a time-range.
End Time: Displays the end time of the time-slice. Delete: Click the Delete button to delete the corresponding time-slice. 10.1.3 Holiday Config Holiday mode is applied as a different secured access control policy from the week mode. On this page you can define holidays according to your work arrangement. Choose the menu ACL→Time-Range→Holiday Config to load the following page.
Packets are classified based on match rules in order of the rules. Once a rule is matched, The ACL Config function can be implemented on ACL Summary, ACL Create, MAC ACL, Standard-IP ACL and Extend-IP ACL pages. 10.2.1 ACL Summary On this page, you can view the current ACLs configured in the switch. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→ACL Summary to load the following page.
ACL ID: Enter ACL ID of the ACL you want to create. Rule Order: User Config order is set to be match order in this ACL. 10.2.3 MAC ACL MAC ACLs analyze and process packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source MAC addresses, destination MAC addresses, VLAN ID, and EtherType carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→MAC ACL to load the following page.
User Priority: Select the user priority contained in the rule for the tagged packets to match. Time-Range: Select the time-range for the rule to take effect. 10.2.4 Standard-IP ACL Standard-IP ACLs analyze and process data packets based on a series of match conditions, which can be the source IP addresses and destination IP addresses carried in the packets. Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL to load the following page.
Choose the menu ACL→ACL Config→Extend-IP ACL to load the following page. Figure10-8 Create Extend-IP Rule The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Extend-IP ACL ACL ID: Select the desired Extend-IP ACL for configuration. Rule ID: Enter the rule ID. Operation: Select the operation for the switch to process packets which match the 1 rules. z z Permit: Forward packets. Deny: Discard Packets. S-IP: Enter the source IP address contained in the rule.
IP ToS: Enter the IP-ToS contained in the rule. IP Pre: Enter the IP Precedence contained in the rule. Time-Range: Select the time-range for the rule to take effect. 10.3 Policy Config A Policy is used to control the data packets those match the corresponding ACL rules by configuring ACLs and actions together for effect. The operations here include stream mirror, stream condition, QoS remarking and redirect. The Policy Config can be implemented on Policy Summary, Police Create and Action Create pages.
10.3.2 Policy Create On this page you can create the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Policy Create to load the following page. Figure 10-10 Create Policy The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Policy Policy Name: Enter the name of the policy. 10.3.3 Action Create On this page you can add ACLs and create corresponding actions for the policy. Choose the menu ACL→Policy Config→Action Create to load the following page.
Select Policy: Select the name of the policy. Select ACL: Select the ACL for configuration in the policy. S-Mirror: Select S-Mirror to mirror the data packets in the policy to the specific port. S-Condition: Select S-Condition to limit the transmission rate of the data packets in the policy. z z Redirect: Select Redirect to change the forwarding direction of the data packets in the policy. z QoS Remark: Rate: Specify the forwarding rate of the data packets those match the corresponding ACL.
¾ Search Option Show Mode: ¾ Select a show mode appropriate to your needs. Policy Bind Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding binding policy. Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. Interface: Displays the port number or VLAN ID bound to the policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction. 10.4.2 Port Binding On this page you can bind a policy to a port.
Figure10-14 Bind the policy to the VLAN The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ VLAN-Bind Config Policy Name: Select the name of the policy you want to bind. VLAN ID: Enter the ID of the VLAN you want to bind. VLAN-Bind Table Index: Displays the index of the binding policy. Policy Name: Displays the name of the binding policy. VLAN ID: Displays the ID of the VLAN bound to the corresponding policy. Direction: Displays the binding direction.
4. The R&D department and marketing department can not communicate with each other. ¾ Network Diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure Step Operation Description 1 Configure Time-range On ACL→Time-Range page, create a time-range named work_time. Select Week mode and configure the week time from Monday to Friday. Add a time-slice 08:00~18:00. 2 Configure for requirement 1 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 11.
3 Configure requirement and 4 for 2 On ACL→ACL Config→ACL Create page, create ACL 100. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 1, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure D-IP as 172.31.50.1 and mask as 255.255.255.0, configure the time-range as No Limit. On ACL→ACL Config→Standard-IP ACL page, select ACL 100, create Rule 2, configure operation as Deny, configure S-IP as 172.31.70.1 and mask as 255.255.255.
Chapter 11 Network Security Network Security module is to provide the multiple protection measures for the network security, including four submenus: IP-MAC Binding, ARP Inspection, DoS Defend and 802.1X. Please configure the functions appropriate to your need. 11.1 IP-MAC Binding The IP-MAC Binding function allows you to bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Search Option Source: ¾ Select a Source from the pull-down list and click the Search button to view your desired entry in the Binding Table. • All: All the bound entries will be displayed. • Manual: Only the manually added entries will be displayed. • Scanning: Only the entries formed via ARP Scanning will be displayed. • Snooping: Only the entries formed via DHCP Snooping will be displayed.
Figure 11-2 Manual Binding The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Manual Binding Option Host Name: Enter the Host Name. IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the Host. MAC Address: Enter the MAC Address of the Host. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. Port: Select the number of port connected to the Host. Protect Type: Select the Protect Type for the entry. Manual Binding Table Select: Select the desired entry to be deleted. It is multi-optional.
11.1.3 ARP Scanning ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to analyze and map IP addresses to the corresponding MAC addresses so that packets can be delivered to their destinations correctly. IP address is the address of the Host on Network layer. MAC address, the address of the Host on Data link layer, is necessary for the packet to reach the very device. So the destination IP address carried in a packet need to be translated into the corresponding MAC address.
Figure 11-4 ARP Scanning The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Scanning Option Start IP Address: Specify the Start IP Address. End IP Address: Specify the End IP Address. VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN ID. If blank, the switch will send the untagged packets for scanning. Scan: Click the Scan button to scan the Hosts in the LAN. Scanning Result Select: Select the desired entry to be bound or deleted. Host Name: Displays the Host Name here.
network configuration protocol optimized and developed based on the BOOTP, functions to solve the above mentioned problems. ¾ DHCP Working Principle DHCP works via the “Client/Server” communication mode. The Client applies to the Server for configuration. The Server assigns the configuration information, such as the IP address, to the Client, so as to reach a dynamic employ of the network source. A Server can assign the IP address for several Clients, which is illustrated in the following figure.
Figure 11-6 Interaction between a DHCP client and a DHCP server （1） DHCP-DISCOVER Stage: The Client broadcasts the DHCP-DISCOVER packet to find the DHCP Server. （2） DHCP-OFFER Stage: Upon receiving the DHCP-DISCOVER packet, the DHCP Server selects an IP address from the IP pool according to the assigning priority of the IP addresses and replies to the Client with DHCP-OFFER packet carrying the IP address and other information.
Option 82 can contain 255 sub-options at most. If Option 82 is defined, at least a sub-option should be defined. This Switch supports two sub-options: Circuit ID and Remote ID. Since there is no universal standard about the content of Option 82, different manufacturers define the sub-options of Option 82 to their need. For this Switch, the sub-options are defined as the following: The Circuit ID is defined to be the number of the port which receives the DHCP Request packets and its VLAN number.
Choose the menu Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table to load the following page. Figure 11-8 DHCP Snooping Note: If you want to enable the DHCP Snooping feature for the member port of LAG, please ensure the parameters of all the member ports are the same.
¾ ¾ DHCP Snooping: Enable/Disable the DHCP Snooping function globally. Global Flow Control: Select the value to specify the maximum amount of DHCP messages that can be forwarded by the switch per second. The excessive massages will be discarded. Decline Threshold: Select the value to specify the minimum transmission rate of the Decline packets to trigger the Decline protection for the specific port. Decline Flow Control: Select the value to specify the Decline Flow Control.
11.2 ARP Inspection According to the ARP Implementation Procedure stated in 11.1.3 ARP Scanning, it can be found that ARP protocol can facilitate the Hosts in the same network segment to communicate with one another or access to external network via Gateway. However, since ARP protocol is implemented with the premise that all the Hosts and Gateways are trusted, there are high security risks during ARP Implementation Procedure in the actual complex network.
Figure 11-10 ARP Attack – Cheating Gateway As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to the Gateway, and then the Gateway will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When the Gateway tries to communicate with Host A in LAN, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 11-11 ARP Attack – Cheating Terminal Hosts As the above figure shown, the attacker sends the fake ARP packets of Host A to Host B, and then Host B will automatically update its ARP table after receiving the ARP packets. When Host B tries to communicate with Host A, it will encapsulate this false destination MAC address for packets, which results in a breakdown of the normal communication.
Figure 11-12 Man-In-The-Middle Attack Suppose there are three Hosts in LAN connected with one another through a switch. Host A: IP address is 192.168.0.101; MAC address is 00-00-00-11-11-11. Host B: IP address is 192.168.0.102; MAC address is 00-00-00-22-22-22. Attacker: IP address is 192.168.0.103; MAC address is 00-00-00-33-33-33. 1. First, the attacker sends the false ARP response packets. 2. Upon receiving the ARP response packets, Host A and Host B updates the ARP table of their own. 3.
and the connected Port number of the Host together when the Host connects to the switch. Based on the predefined IP-MAC Binding entries, the ARP Inspection functions to detect the ARP packets and filter the illegal ARP packet so as to prevent the network from ARP attacks. The ARP Inspection function is implemented on the ARP Detect, ARP Defend and ARP Statistics pages. 11.2.
Configuration Procedure: Step Operation Description 1 Bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together. Required. On the IP-MAC Binding page, bind the IP address, MAC address, VLAN ID and the connected Port number of the Host together via Manual Binding, ARP Scanning or DHCP Snooping. 2 Enable the protection for the bound entry. Required. On the Network Security→IP-MAC Binding→Binding Table page, specify a protect type for the corresponding bound entry.
The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ARP Defend Port Select: Click the Select button to quick-select the corresponding port based on the port number you entered. Select: Select your desired port for configuration. It is multi-optional. Port: Displays the port number. Defend: Select Enable/Disable the ARP Defend feature for the port. Speed: Enter a value to specify the maximum amount of the received ARP packets per second.
Figure 11-15 ARP Statistics The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Auto Refresh Auto Refresh: Enable/Disable the Auto Refresh feature. Refresh Interval: Specify the refresh interval to display the ARP Statistics. Illegal ARP Packet Port: Displays the port number. Trusted Port: Indicates the port is an ARP Trusted Port or not. Illegal ARP Packet: Displays the number of the received illegal ARP packets. 11.
DoS Attack Type Description Land Attack The attacker sends a specific fake SYN packet to the destination Host. Since both the source IP address and the destination IP address of the SYN packet are set to be the IP address of the Host, the Host will be trapped in an endless circle for building the initial connection. The performance of the network will be reduced extremely. Scan SYNFIN The attacker sends the packet with its SYN field and the FIN field set to 1.
Figure 11-16 DoS Defend The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Configure DoS Defend: ¾ Enable/Disable DoS Defend function. Defend Table Select: Select the entry to enable the corresponding Defend Type. Defend Type: Displays the Defend Type name. Tips: You are suggested to take the following further steps to ensure the network security. 1. It’s recommended to inspect and repair the system vulnerability regularly.
802.1X adopts a client/server architecture with three entities: a supplicant system, an authenticator system, and an authentication server system, as shown in the following figure. Figure 11-17 Architecture of 802.1X authentication （1） Supplicant System: The supplicant system is an entity in LAN and is authenticated by the authenticator system. The supplicant system is usually a common user terminal computer. An 802.
¾ 802.1X Authentication Procedure An 802.1X authentication can be initiated by supplicant system or authenticator system. When the authenticator system detects an unauthenticated supplicant in LAN, it will initiate the 802.1X authentication by sending EAP-Request/Identity packets to the supplicant. The supplicant system can also launch an 802.1X client program to initiate an 802.
5. Upon receiving the key (encapsulated in an EAP-Request/MD5 Challenge packet) from the switch, the client program encrypts the password of the supplicant system with the key and sends the encrypted password (contained in an EAP-Response/MD5 Challenge packet) to the RADIUS server through the switch. (The encryption is irreversible.) 6. The RADIUS server compares the received encrypted password (contained in a RADIUS Access-Request packet) with the locally-encrypted password.
after the switch sends a request packet to a supplicant system. The switch will resend the request packet to the supplicant system if the supplicant system fails to respond in the specified timeout period. （2） RADIUS server timer (Server Timeout): This timer is triggered by the switch after the switch sends an authentication request packet to RADIUS server. The switch will resend the authentication request packet if the RADIUS server fails to respond in the specified timeout period.
Figure 11-20 Global Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config 802.1X: Enable/Disable the 802.1X function. Authentication Method: Select the Authentication Method from the pull-down list. • EAP-MD5: IEEE 802.1X authentication system uses extensible authentication protocol (EAP) to exchange information between the switch and the client.
failed to the 802.1X Authentication, then the switch will not respond to the authentication request from the same supplicant during the Quiet Period. Retry Times: Specify the maximum transfer times of the repeated authentication request. Supplicant Timeout: Specify the maximum time for the switch to wait for the response from supplicant before resending a request to the supplicant.
Status: Select Enable/Disable the 802.1X authentication feature for the port. Guest VLAN: Select Enable/Disable the Guest VLAN feature for the port. Control Mode: Specify the Control Mode for the port. Control Type: • Auto: In this mode, the port will normally work only after passing the 802.1X Authentication. • Force-Authorized: In this mode, the port can work normally without passing the 802.1X Authentication.
Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the authentication server. Secondary IP: Enter the IP address of the alternate authentication server. Authentication Port: Set the UDP port of authentication server(s). The default port is 1812 Authentication KEY: Set the shared password for the switch and the authentication servers to exchange messages. Accounting Config ¾ Accounting: Enable/Disable the accounting feature. Primary IP: Enter the IP address of the accounting server.
Chapter 12 SNMP ¾ SNMP Overview SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) has gained the most extensive application on the UDP/IP networks. SNMP provides a management frame to monitor and maintain the network devices. It is used for automatically managing the various network devices no matter the physical differences of the devices. Currently, the most network management systems are based on SNMP.
SNMP v1: SNMP v1 adopts Community Name authentication. The community name is used to define the relation between SNMP Management Station and SNMP Agent. The SNMP packets failing to pass community name authentication are discarded. The community name can limit access to SNMP Agent from SNMP NMS, functioning as a password. SNMP v2c: SNMP v2c also adopts community name authentication. It is compatible with SNMP v1 while enlarges the function of SNMP v1.
management station. The specified User Name and the Auth/Privacy Password are used for SNMP Management Station to access the SNMP Agent, functioning as the password. SNMP module is used to configure the SNMP function of the switch, including three submenus: SNMP Config, Notification and RMON. 12.1 SNMP Config The SNMP Config can be implemented on the Global Config, SNMP View, SNMP Group, SNMP User and SNMP Community pages. 12.1.
Note: The amount of Engine ID characters must be even. 12.1.2 SNMP View The OID (Object Identifier) of the SNMP packets is used to describe the managed objects of the switch, and the MIB (Management Information Base) is the set of the OIDs. The SNMP View is created for the SNMP management station to manage MIB objects. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View to load the following page.
12.1.3 SNMP Group On this page, you can configure SNMP Group to control the network access by providing the users in various groups with different management rights via the Read View, Write View and Notify View. Choose the menu SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Group to load the following page. Figure 12-5 SNMP Group The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Group Config Group Name: Enter the SNMP Group name. The Group Name, Security Model and Security Level compose the identifier of the SNMP Group.
¾ Write View: Select the View to be the Write View. The management access is writing only and changes can be made to the assigned SNMP View. The View defined both as the Read View and the Write View can be read and modified. Notify View: Select the View to be the Notify View. The management station can receive trap messages of the assigned SNMP view generated by the Switch's SNMP agent. Group Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding group. It is multi-optional.
Figure 12-6 SNMP User The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ User Config User Name: Enter the User Name here. User Type: Select the type for the User. • Local User: Indicates that the user is connected to a local SNMP engine. • Remote User: Indicates that the user is connected to a remote SNMP engine. Group Name: Select the Group Name of the User. The User is classified to the corresponding Group according to its Group Name, Security Model and Security Level.
¾ User Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding User. It is multi-optional. User Name: Displays the name of the User. User Type: Displays the User Type. Group Name: Displays the Group Name of the User. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the User. Security Level: Displays the Security Level of the User. Auth Mode: Displays the Authentication Mode of the User. Privacy Mode: Displays the Privacy Mode of the User.
MIB View: ¾ • read-only: Management right of the Community is restricted to read-only, and changes cannot be made to the corresponding View. • read-write: Management right of the Community is read-write and changes can be made to the corresponding View. Select the MIB View for the community to access. Community Table Select: Select the desired entry to delete the corresponding Community. It is multi-optional. Community Name: Displays the Community Name here.
2 Create SNMP View. 3 Create SNMP Community directly. Configure access level for the User. Required. On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP View page, create SNMP View of the management agent. The default View Name is viewDefault and the default OID is 1. Required alternatively. z On the SNMP→SNMP Config→SNMP Community page, create SNMP Community based on SNMP v1 and SNMP v2c. z Create SNMP Group and SNMP User. Create SNMP Community directly. Create SNMP Group and SNMP User.
Figure 12-8 Notification Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Create Notification IP Address: Enter the IP Address of the management Host. UDP Port: Enter the number of the UDP port used to send notifications. The UDP port functions with the IP address for the notification sending. The default is 162. User: Enter the User name of the management station. Security Model: Select the Security Model of the management station.
Select: Select the desired management station. entry to delete the corresponding IP Address: Displays the IP Address of the management host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used to send notifications. User: Displays the User name of the management station. Security Model: Displays the Security Model of the management station. Security Level: Displays the Security Level for the SNMP v3 User. Type: Displays the type of the notifications.
The RMON Groups can be configured on the History Control, Event Config and Alarm Config pages. 12.3.1 History Control On this page, you can configure the History Group for RMON. Choose the menu SNMP→RMON→History Control to load the following page. Figure 12-9 History Control The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ History Control Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry.
Figure 12-10 Event Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Event Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. User: Enter the name of the User or the community to which the event belongs. Description: Give a description to the event for identification. Type: Select the event type, which determines the act way of the network device in response to an event. • None: No processing. • Log: Logging the event.
Figure 12-11 Alarm Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Alarm Table Select: Select the desired entry for configuration. Index: Displays the index number of the entry. Variable: Select the alarm variables form the pull-sown list. Port: Select the port on which the Alarm entry acts. Sample Type: Specify the sampling method for the selected variable and comparing the value against the thresholds.
Interval: Enter the alarm interval time in seconds. Owner: Enter the name of the device or user that defined the entry. Status: Select Enable/Disable the corresponding alarm entry. Note: When alarm variables exceed the Threshold on the same direction continuously for several times, an alarm event will only be generated on the first time, that is, the Rising Alarm and Falling Alarm are triggered alternately for that the alarm following to Rising Alarm is certainly a Falling Alarm and vice versa.
Chapter 13 Cluster With the development of network technology, the network scale is getting larger and more network devices are required, which may result in a more complicated network management system. As a large number of devices need to be assigned different network addresses and every management device needs to be respectively configured to meet the application requirements, manpower are needed. The Cluster Management function can solve the above problem.
z The current switch you create cluster is specified as the commander switch. z The commander switch discovers and determines candidate switches by collecting related information. z After being added to the cluster, the candidate switch becomes to be the member switch, z After being removed from the cluster, the member switch becomes to be the candidate switch. z The commander switch becomes to be the candidate switch only when the cluster is deleted.
Figure 13-2 Neighbor Information The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Neighbor Search Option: ¾ Select the information the desired entry should contain and then click the Search button to display the desired entry in the following Neighbor Information table. Neighbor Info Native Port: Displays the port number of the switch. Remote Port: Displays the port number of the neighbor switch which is connected to the corresponding port.
Figure 13-3 NDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NDP: Displays the global NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the switch. Aging Time: Displays the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Displays the interval to send NDP packets. Port Status Port: Displays the port number of the switch. NDP: Displays the NDP status (enabled or disabled) for the current port.
13.1.3 NDP Config On this page you can configure the NDP function for the switch. Choose the menu Cluster→NDP→NDP Config to load the following page. Figure 13-4 NDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Cofig NDP: Select Enable/Disable NDP function globally. Aging Time: Enter the period for the neighbor switch to keep the NDP packets from this switch. Hello Time: Enter the interval to send NDP packets.
13.2 NTDP NTDP (Neighbor Topology Discovery Protocol）is used for the commander switch to collect NDP information. NTDP transmits and forwards NTDP topology collection request based on NDP neighbor information table, and collects the NDP information and neighboring connection information of each device in a specific network range. The commander switch can collects the specified topology in the network regularly and you can also enable topology collection manually on the commander switch.
Hops: Displays the hop count from this device to the switch. Neighbor Info: Click the Detail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors. Collect Topology: Click the Collect Topology button to collect NTDP information of the switch so as to collect the latest network topology. Click the Detail button to view the complete information of this device and its neighbors. Figure 13-6 Information of the Current Device 13.2.
Figure 13-7 NTDP Summary The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NTDP: Displays the NTDP status (enabled or disabled) of the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Displays the interval to collect topology information. NTDP Hops: Displays the hop count the switch topology collects. NTDP Hop Delay: Displays the time between the switch receiving NTDP request packets and the switch forwarding NTDP request packets for the first time.
Choose the menu Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config to load the following page. Figure 13-8 NTDP Config The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ ¾ Global Config NTDP: Select Enable/Disable NTDP for the switch globally. NTDP Interval Time: Enter the interval to collect topology information. The default is 1 minute. NTDP Hops: Enter the hop count the switch topology collects. The default is 3 hops.
Enable: Click the Enable button to enable NTDP feature for the port you select. Disable: Click the Disable button to disable NTDP feature for the port you select. Note: NTDP function is effective only when NTDP function is enabled globally and for the port. 13.3 Cluster A commander switch can recognize and add the candidate switch to a cluster automatically based on NDP and NTDP. You can manually add the candidate switch to a cluster.
Figure 13-10 Cluster Summary for Member Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ z Global Config Cluster: Displays the cluster status (enabled or disabled) of the switch. Cluster Role: Displays the role the switch plays in the cluster. Cluster Name: Displays the name of the current cluster the switch belongs to. Commander MAC: Displays the MAC address of the commander switch.
Figure 13-12 Cluster Configuration for Candidate Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Role Change Individual: z Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Select this option to change the role of the switch to be individual switch. For a member switch, the following page is displayed.
Figure 13-14 Cluster Configuration for Individual Switch The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Current Role Role: ¾ Displays the role the current switch plays in the cluster. Role Change Candidate: Select this option to change the role of the switch to be candidate switch. 13.
Figure 13-15 Network diagram ¾ Configuration Procedure z Configure the member switch Step Operation Description 1 Enable NDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NDP→NDP Config page, enable NDP function. 2 Enable NTDP function on the switch and for port 1 On Cluster→NTDP→NTDP Config page, enable NTDP function.
4 Configure the member switch On Cluster→Cluster→Member Config page, select the member switch and click the Manage button to log on to its Web management page. Or On Cluster→Cluster→Cluster Topology page, double-click the switch icon to view its detailed information; click the switch icon and click the Manage button to log on to the Web management page.
Chapter 14 Maintenance Maintenance module, assembling the commonly used system tools to manage the switch, provides the convenient method to locate and solve the network problem. （1） System Monitor: Monitor the utilization status of the memory and the CPU of switch. （2） Log: View the configuration parameters of the switch and find out the errors via the Logs. （3） Cable Test: Test the connection status of the cable to locate and diagnose the trouble spot of the network.
Figure 14-1 CPU Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its CPU utilization rate every four seconds. 14.1.2 Memory Monitor Choose the menu Maintenance→System Monitor→Memory Monitor to load the following page.
Figure 14-2 Memory Monitor Click the Monitor button to enable the switch to monitor and display its Memory utilization rate every four seconds. 14.2 Log The Log system of switch can record, classify and manage the system information effectively, providing powerful support for network administrator to monitor network operation and diagnose malfunction. The Logs of switch are classified into the following eight levels. Severity Level Description emergencies 0 The system is unusable.
The Log function is implemented on the Log Table, Local Log, Remote Log and Backup Log pages. 14.2.1 Log Table The switch supports logs output to two directions, namely, log buffer and log file. The information in log buffer will be lost after the switch is rebooted or powered off whereas the information in log file will be kept effective even the switch is rebooted or powered off. Log Table displays the system log information in log buffer.
Choose the menu Maintenance→Log→Local Log to load the following page. Figure 14-4 Local Log The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Local Log Config Select: Select the desired entry to configure the corresponding local log. Log Buffer: Indicates the RAM for saving system log. The inforamtion in the log buffer is displayed on the Log Table page. It will be lost when the switch is restarted. Log File: Indicates the flash sector for saving system log.
Figure 14-5 Log Host The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Log Host Index: Displays the index of the log host. The switch supports 4 log hosts. Host IP: Configure the IP for the log host. UDP Port: Displays the UDP port used for receiving/sending log information. Here we use the standard port 514. Severity: Specify the severity level of the log information sent to each log host. Only the log with the same or smaller severity level value will be sent to the corresponding log host.
The following entry is displayed on this screen: ¾ Backup Log Backup Log: Click the Backup Log button to save the log as a file to your computer. Note: It will take a few minutes to backup the log file. Please wait without any operation. 14.3 Device Diagnose This switch provides Cable Test and Loopback functions for device diagnose. 14.3.
Note: 1. The Length displayed here is the length of pair cable not that of the physical cable. 2. The test result is just for your reference. 14.3.2 Loopback Loopback test function, looping the sender and the receiver of the signal, is used to test whether the port of the switch is available as well as to check and analyze the physical connection status of the port to help you locate and solve network malfunctions. Choose the menu Maintenance→Device Diagnose→Loopback to load the following page.
Choose the menu Maintenance→Network Diagnose→Ping to load the following page. Figure 14-9 Ping The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Ping Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination node for Ping test. Ping Times: Enter the amount of times to send test data during Ping testing. The default value is recommended. Data Size: Enter the size of the sending data during Ping testing. The default value is recommended.
Figure 14-10 Tracert The following entries are displayed on this screen: ¾ Tracert Config Destination IP: Enter the IP address of the destination device. Max Hop: Specify the maximum number of the route hops the test data can pass through.
Appendix A: Specifications IEEE802.3 10Base-T Ethernet IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX/100Base-FX Fast Ethernet IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet Standards IEEE802.3z 1000Base-X Gigabit Ethernet IEEE802.3x Flow Control IEEE802.1p Priority IEEE802.1q VLAN Bridge IEEE802.1X Port-based Access Authentication Ethernet: 10Mbps HD，20Mbps FD Transmission Rate Fast Ethernet: 100Mbps HD，200Mbps FD Gigabit Ethernet: 2000Mbps FD 10Base-T: UTP/STP of Cat. 3 or above 100Base-TX: UTP/STP of Cat.
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs In this section, we’ll introduce how to install and configure the TCP/IP correctly in Windows 2000. First make sure your Ethernet Adapter is working, refer to the adapter’s manual if necessary. 1) On the Windows taskbar, click the Start button, and then click Control Panel. 2) Click the Network and Internet Connections icon, and then click on the Network Connections tab in the appearing window.
Figure B-2 5) The following TCP/IP Properties window will display and the IP Address tab is open on this window by default.
6) Select Use the following IP address. And the following items will be available. If the switch's IP address is 192.168.0.1, specify IP address as 192.168.0.x (x is from 2 to 254), and the Subnet mask as 255.255.255.0. Now: Click OK to save your settings.
Appendix C: Load Software using FTP If there is something wrong with the firmware of the switch and the switch can not be launched, you can load firmware to the switch via FTP function. FTP (File Transfer Protocol), a protocol in the application layer, is mainly used to transfer files between the remote server and the local PCs. It is a common protocol used in the IP network for files transfer. 1. Hardware Installation Figure C-1 1） Connect FTP server to port 1 of the switch.
Figure C-2 Open Hyper Terminal 2） The Connection Description Window will prompt shown as Figure C-3. Enter a name into the Name field and click OK. Figure C-3 Connection Description 3） Select the port to connect in the following figure and then click OK.
Figure C-4 Select the port to connect 4） Configure the port selected in the step above shown as the following figure. Configure Bits per second as 38400, Data bits as 8, Parity as None, Stop bits as 1, Flow control as None, and then click OK. Figure C-5 Port Settings 3. Download Firmware via bootUtil menu To download firmware to the switch via FTP function, you need to enter into the bootUtil menu of the switch and take the following steps.
Figure C-6 bootUtil Menu As the prompt is displayed for a short time, you are suggested not to release the CTRL-B key until you enter into bootUtil menu after powering on the switch. 3） After entering into bootUtil menu, please firstly configure the IP parameters of the switch. The format is: ifconfig ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mask 255.255.255.0 gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. For example: Configure the IP address as 172.31.70.22, mask as 255.255.255.0 and gateway as172.31.70.1.
[TP-LINK] : start Start . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix D: 802.1X Client Software In 802.1X mechanism, the supplicant Client should be equipped with the corresponding client software complied with 802.1X protocol standard for 802.1X authentication. When the switch TL-SG3216 works as the authenticator system, please take the following instructions to install the TpSupplicant provided on the attached CD for the supplicant Client. 1. 1) Installation Guide Insert the provided CD into your CD-ROM drive.
Figure D-3 Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard 4) To continue, choose the destination location for the installation files and click Next on the following screen. Figure D-4 Choose Destination Location By default, the installation files are saved on the Program Files folder of system disk. Click the Change button to modify the destination location proper to your need. 5) Till now, The Wizard is ready to begin the installation. Click Install to start the installation on the following screen.
Figure D-5 Install the Program 6) The InstallShield Wizard is installing TpSupplicant-V2.0 shown as the following screen. Please wait. Figure D-6 Setup Status 7) On the following screen, click Finish to complete the installation.
Figure D-7 InstallShield Wizard Complete Note: Please pay attention to the tips on the above screen. If you have not installed WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version on your computer, the 802.1X Client Software TpSupplicant can not work. It’s recommended to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download the latest version of WinPcap for installation. 2.
Figure D-9 Preparing Setup 3) On the continued screen, click Yes to remove the application from your PC. Figure D-10 Uninstall the Application 4) Click Finish to complete. Figure D-11 Uninstall Complete 3. 1) Configuration After completing installation, double click the icon Software. The following screen will appear. 218 to run the TP-LINK 802.
Figure D-12 TP-LINK 802.1X Client Enter the Name and the Password specified in the Authentication Server. The length of Name and Password should be less than 15 characters. 2) Click the Properties button on Figure D-12 to load the following screen for configuring the connection properties. Figure D-13 Connection Properties Send 802.1X protocol packets by Unicast: When this option is selected, the Client will send the EAPOL Start packets to the switch via multicast and send the 802.
3) To continue, click Connect button after entering the Name and Password on Figure D-12. Then the following screen will appear to prompt that the Radius server is being searched. Figure D-14 Authentication Dialog 4) When passing the authentication, the following screen will appear. Figure D-15 Successfully Authenticated 5) on the right corner of desktop, and then the following connection Double click the icon status screen will pop up. Figure D-16 Connection Status 4.
A1: It’s because the supported DLL file is missing. You are suggested to go to http://www.winpcap.org to download WinPcap 4.0.2 or the higher version for installation, and run the client software again. Q2: Is this TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software compliable with the switches of the other manufacturers? A2: No. This TP-LINK 802.1X Client Software is customized for TP-LINK switches. Q3: Is it safe to set the password being automatically saved？ A3: Yes.
Appendix E: Glossary Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file.
GMRP allows network devices to register end stations with multicast groups. GMRP requires that any participating network devices or end stations comply with the IEEE 802.1p standard. Group Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP) See Generic Attribute Registration Protocol. IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging—Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information.
Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses. Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base.
switch. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suite of protocols which offers network management services. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) SNTP allows a device to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. Updates can be requested from a specific NTP server, or can be received via broadcasts sent by NTP servers. Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) A technology that checks your network for any loops.
