Datasheet

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SLUS542F − OCTOBER 2003 − REVISED JULY 2009
14
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FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
As the controller starts operation it draws its bias power from the C
BIAS
capacitor until the bootstrap winding
takes over (refering to Figure 12). During this time VDD voltage is falling rapidly as the JFET is already off but
the bootstrap voltage is still not sufficient to power the control circuits. It is imperative to store enough energy
in C
BIAS
to prevent the bias voltage to dip below the turn off threshold of the UVLO circuit during the start up
time interval. Otherwise the power supply goes through several cycles of retry attempts before steady state
operation might be established.
During normal operation the bias voltage is determined by the bootstrap bias design. The UCC289x family can
tolerate a wide range of bias voltages between the minimum operating voltage (UVLO turn-off threshold) and
the absolute maximum operating voltage as defined in the Recommended Operating Conditions.
In applications where the power supply must be able to go to stand by in response to an external command,
the bias voltage of the controller must be kept alive to be able to react intelligently to the control signal. In stand
by mode, switching action is suspended for an undefined period of time and the bootstrap power is unavailable
to bias the controller. Without an alternate power source the bias voltage would collapse and the controller would
initiate a re-start sequence. To avoid this situation, the on board JFET of the UCC289x controllers can keep the
VDD bias alive as long as the gate drive outputs remain inactive. As shown in the timing diagram in Figure 2,
the JFET is turned on when VDD = 10 V and charges the C
BIAS
capacitor to approximately 13.5 V. At that time
the JFET turns off and VDD gradually decreases to 10 V then the procedure is repeated. When the power supply
is enabled again, the controller is fully biased and ready to initiate its soft start sequence. As soon as the gate
drive pulses appear the JFET are turned off and bias must be provided by the bootstrap bias generator.
During power down the situation is different as switching action might continue until the VDD bias voltage drops
below the controller’s own UVLO turn-off threshold (approximately 8 V). At that time the UCC289x shuts down
completely turning off its 5 V bias rail and returning to start up state when the JFET device is turned on and the
C
BIAS
capacitor starts charging again. In case the converter’s input voltage is re-established, the UCC289x
attempts to restart the converter.
Line Undervoltage Protection
As shown in Figure 3, when the input power source is removed the power supply is turned off by the line
undervoltage protection because the bootstrap winding keeps the VDD bias up as long as switching takes place
in the power stage. As the power supply’s input voltage gradually decreases towards the line cut off voltage the
converter’s operating duty cycle must compensate for the lower input voltage. At minimum input voltage the duty
cycle nears its maximum value (D
MAX
). Under these conditions the voltage across the clamp capacitor
approaches its highest value since the transformer must be reset in a relatively short time. The timing diagram
in Figure 3 highlights that in the instance when the converter stops switching the clamp capacitor voltage might
be at its maximum level. Since the clamp capacitor’s only load is the power transformer, this high voltage could
linger across the clamp capacitor for a long time when the converter is off. With this high voltage present across
the clamp capacitor a soft start would be very dangerous, due to the narrow duty cycle of the main switch and
the long on-time of the clamp switch. This could cause the power transformer to saturate during the next
soft-start cycle.