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LM2598

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SNVS125C –MARCH 1998–REVISED APRIL 2013

LM2598 SIMPLE SWITCHER

Power Converter 150 kHz 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator,

with Features

Check for Samples: LM2598

FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

The LM2598 series of regulators are monolithic

• 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and Adjustable Output Versions

integrated circuits that provide all the active functions

• Adjustable Version Output Voltage Range,

for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of

1.2V to 37V ±4% Max Over Line and Load

driving a 1A load with excellent line and load

Conditions

regulation. These devices are available in fixed output

voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable output

• Ensured 1A Output Current

version.

• Available in 7-Pin TO-220 and DDPAK (Surface

Mount) Package

This series of switching regulators is similar to the

LM2595 series, with additional supervisory and

• Input Voltage Range Up to 40V

performance features added.

• Excellent Line and Load Regulation

Requiring a minimum number of external

Specifications

components, these regulators are simple to use and

• 150 kHz Fixed Frequency Internal Oscillator

include internal frequency compensation†, improved

• Shutdown /Soft-start

line and load specifications, fixed-frequency oscillator,

• Out of Regulation Error Flag Shutdown /Soft-start, error flag delay and error flag

output.

• Error Output Delay

The LM2598 series operates at a switching frequency

• Low Power Standby Mode, I

Typically 85 μA

of 150 kHz thus allowing smaller sized filter

• High Efficiency

components than what would be needed with lower

• Uses Readily Available Standard Inductors

frequency switching regulators. Available in a

• Thermal Shutdown and Current Limit standard 7-lead TO-220 package with several

different lead bend options, and a 7-lead DDPAK

Protection

surface mount package. Typically, for output voltages

less than 12V, and ambient temperatures less than

APPLICATIONS

50°C, no heat sink is required.

• Simple High-Efficiency Step-down (Buck)

A standard series of inductors (both through hole and

Regulator

surface mount types) are available from several

• Efficient Pre-Regulator for Linear Regulators

different manufacturers optimized for use with the

• On-Card Switching Regulators

LM2598 series. This feature greatly simplifies the

design of switch-mode power supplies.

• Positive to Negative Converter

Other features include a specified ±4% tolerance on

output voltage under all conditions of input voltage

and output load conditions, and ±15% on the

oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included,

featuring typically 85 μA standby current. Self

protection features include a two stage current limit

for the output switch and an over temperature

shutdown for complete protection under fault

conditions.

(1)

(1) † Patent Number 5,382,918

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of

Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

2SIMPLE SWITCHER is a registered trademark of Texas Instruments.

3All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Summary of content (45 pages)

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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2598 SIMPLE SWITCHER® Power Converter 150 kHz 1A Step-Down Voltage Regulator, with Features Check for Samples: LM2598 FEATURES DESCRIPTION • • The LM2598 series of regulators are monolithic integrated circuits that provide all the active functions for a step-down (buck) switching regulator, capable of driving a 1A load with excellent line and load regulation. These devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Application (Fixed Output Voltage Versions) Connection Diagrams Figure 1. 7-Lead Bent and Staggered Leads, Through Hole TO-220 (T) Package See Package Number NDZ0007B Figure 2. 7-Lead Surface Mount DDPAK (S) Package See Package Number KTW0007B These devices have limited built-in ESD protection.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) Maximum Supply Voltage (VIN) SD/SS Pin Input Voltage Delay Pin Voltage 45V (3) 6V (3) 1.5V Flag Pin Voltage −0.3 ≤ V ≤ +45V Feedback Pin Voltage −0.3 ≤ V ≤ +25V Output Voltage to Ground −1V (Steady State) Power Dissipation Internally limited −65°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (4) 2 kV Lead Temperature S Package Vapor Phase (60 sec.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com LM2598-5.0 Electrical Characteristics Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2598-5.0 Typ Limit (1) SYSTEM PARAMETERS VOUT (3) 7V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.1A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A Efficiency (1) (2) (3) (2) Test Circuit Figure 24 Output Voltage η Units (Limits) VIN = 12V, ILOAD = 1A 5 V 4.800/4.750 V(min) 5.200/5.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 LM2598-ADJ Electrical Characteristics Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Symbol Parameter Conditions LM2598-ADJ Typ Limit (1) SYSTEM PARAMETERS VFB (3) (2) Test Circuit Figure 24 Feedback Voltage 4.5V ≤ VIN ≤ 40V, 0.1A ≤ ILOAD ≤ 1A 1.230 V VOUT programmed for 3V. Circuit of Figure 29.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com All Output Voltage Versions Electrical Characteristics (continued) Specifications with standard type face are for TJ = 25°C, and those with boldface type apply over full Operating Temperature Range. Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V for the 3.3V, 5V, and Adjustable version and VIN = 24V for the 12V version.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 24) Normalized Output Voltage Line Regulation Figure 3. Figure 4. Efficiency Switch Saturation Voltage Figure 5. Figure 6. Switch Current Limit Dropout Voltage Figure 7. Figure 8.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 24) 8 Operating Quiescent Current Shutdown Quiescent Current Figure 9. Figure 10. Minimum Operating Supply Voltage Feedback Pin Bias Current Figure 11. Figure 12. Flag Saturation Voltage Switching Frequency Figure 13. Figure 14.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 24) Soft-start Shutdown/Soft-start Current Figure 15. Figure 16. Delay Pin Current Soft-start Response Figure 17. Figure 18. Shutdown/Soft-start Threshold Voltage Continuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 1A L = 68 μH, COUT = 120 μF, COUT ESR = 100 mΩ Figure 19. A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div. B: Inductor Current 0.5A/div.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (Circuit of Figure 24) Discontinuous Mode Switching Waveforms VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 600 mA L = 22 μH, COUT = 220 μF, COUT ESR = 50 mΩ Load Transient Response for Continuous Mode VIN = 20V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 250 mA to 750 mA L = 68 μH, COUT = 120 μF, COUT ESR = 100 mΩ A: Output Voltage, 100 mV/div. (AC) B: 250 mA to 750 mA Load Pulse A: Output Pin Voltage, 10V/div. B: Inductor Current 0.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Test Circuit and Layout Guidelines Fixed Output Voltage Versions Component Values shown are for VIN = 15V, VOUT = 5V, ILOAD = 1A. 120 μF, 50V, Aluminum Electrolytic Nichicon “PL Series” 120 μF, 35V Aluminum Electrolytic, Nichicon “PL Series” 3A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5822 68 μH, L30 Typical Values *CSS: — 0.1 μF CDELAY: — 0.1 μF RPull Up: — 4.7k Adjustable Output Voltage Versions where VREF = 1.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 24. Standard Test Circuits and Layout Guides As in any switching regulator, layout is very important. Rapidly switching currents associated with wiring inductance can generate voltage transients which can cause problems. For minimal inductance and ground loops, the wires indicated by heavy lines should be wide printed circuit traces and should be kept as short as possible.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 1. LM2598 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) B. To simplify the capacitor selection procedure, refer to the quick design component selection table shown in Figure 28.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Table 1. LM2598 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Fixed Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Fixed Output Voltage Version) 4. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 3. LM2598 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) Given: VOUT = Regulated Output Voltage VIN(max) = Maximum Input Voltage ILOAD(max) = Maximum Load Current F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 150 kHz). Given: VOUT = 20V VIN(max) = 28V ILOAD(max) = 1A F = Switching Frequency (Fixed at a nominal 150 kHz). 1.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Table 3. LM2598 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) B. To simplify the capacitor selection procedure, refer to the quick design table shown in Table 4. This table contains different output voltages, and lists various output capacitors that will provide the best design solutions. B.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 3. LM2598 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure (Adjustable Output) (continued) PROCEDURE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) EXAMPLE (Adjustable Output Voltage Version) 6. Input Capacitor (CIN) A low ESR aluminum or tantalum bypass capacitor is needed between the input pin and ground to prevent large voltage transients from appearing at the input.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com LM2598 Series Buck Regulator Design Procedure INDUCTOR VALUE SELECTION GUIDES (For Continuous Mode Operation) Figure 25. LM2598-3.3 Figure 26. LM2598-5.0 Figure 27. LM2598-12 Figure 28. LM2598-ADJ Table 5. Inductor Manufacturers Part Numbers Inductance (μH) Current (A) L4 68 L5 47 L6 L9 L10 Schott Renco Through Hole Surface Mount 0.32 67143940 67144310 0.37 67148310 67148420 33 0.44 67148320 220 0.32 67143960 150 0.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Table 5. Inductor Manufacturers Part Numbers (continued) Inductance (μH) Current (A) L15 22 L16 15 L17 L18 Schott Renco Through Hole Surface Mount 0.99 67148350 67148460 1.24 67148360 67148470 330 0.42 67144030 220 0.55 67144040 L19 150 0.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Table 8. Diode Selection Table VR 1A Diodes Surface Mount Schottky Ultra Fast 3A Diodes Through Hole Schottky Recovery 20V SK12 SK13 Ultra Fast All of these IN5820 All of these diodes are SR302 diodes are rated to at rated to at MBR320 rated to at least 50V. least 50V. 1N5821 least 50V.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 APPLICATION INFORMATION Table 9. PIN DESCRIPTIONS Name +VIN (Pin 2) Description This is the positive input supply for the IC switching regulator. A suitable input bypass capacitor must be present at this pin to minimize voltage transients and to supply the switching currents needed by the regulator. Ground (Pin 4) Circuit ground. Output (Pin 1) Internal switch.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com If the part is operated with an input voltage at or below the internal soft-start clamp voltage of approximately 7V, the voltage on the SD/SS pin tracks the input voltage and can be disturbed by a step in the voltage. To maintain proper function under these conditions, it is strongly recommended that the SD/SS pin be clamped externally between the 3V maximum soft-start threshold and the 4.5V minimum input voltage.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 VIN LM2598 5 Q1 SD/SS CSS Z1 3V Figure 32. External 3.7V Soft-Start Clamp DELAY CAPACITOR CDELAY — Provides delay for the error flag output. See the upper curve in Figure 30, and also refer to timing diagrams in Figure 31. A capacitor on this pin provides a time delay between the time the regulated output voltage (when it is increasing in value) reaches 95% of the nominal output voltage, and the time the error flag output goes high.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com The RMS current rating of a capacitor could be viewed as a capacitor's power rating. The RMS current flowing through the capacitors internal ESR produces power which causes the internal temperature of the capacitor to rise. The RMS current rating of a capacitor is determined by the amount of current required to raise the internal temperature approximately 10°C above an ambient temperature of 105°C.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 “Standard” electrolytic capacitors typically have much higher ESR numbers, lower RMS current ratings and typically have a shorter operating lifetime. Because of their small size and excellent performance, surface mount solid tantalum capacitors are often used for input bypassing, but several precautions must be observed. A small percentage of solid tantalum capacitors can short if the inrush current rating is exceeded.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 35. Capacitor ESR Change vs Temperature INDUCTOR SELECTION All switching regulators have two basic modes of operation; continuous and discontinuous. The difference between the two types relates to the inductor current, whether it is flowing continuously, or if it drops to zero for a period of time in the normal switching cycle.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 When operating in the continuous mode, the inductor current waveform ranges from a triangular to a sawtooth type of waveform (depending on the input voltage), with the average value of this current waveform equal to the DC output load current. Inductors are available in different styles such as pot core, toroid, E-core, bobbin core, etc., as well as different core materials, such as ferrites and powdered iron.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 37. Post Ripple Filter Waveform OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE AND TRANSIENTS The output voltage of a switching power supply operating in the continuous mode will contain a sawtooth ripple voltage at the switcher frequency, and may also contain short voltage spikes at the peaks of the sawtooth waveform. The output ripple voltage is a function of the inductor sawtooth ripple current and the ESR of the output capacitor.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 When a switching regulator is operating in the continuous mode, the inductor current waveform ranges from a triangular to a sawtooth type of waveform (depending on the input voltage). For a given input and output voltage, the peak-to-peak amplitude of this inductor current waveform remains constant. As the load current increases or decreases, the entire sawtooth current waveform also rises and falls.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com OPEN CORE INDUCTORS Another possible source of increased output ripple voltage or unstable operation is from an open core inductor. Ferrite bobbin or stick inductors have magnetic lines of flux flowing through the air from one end of the bobbin to the other end. These magnetic lines of flux will induce a voltage into any wire or PC board copper trace that comes within the inductor's magnetic field.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Circuit Data for Temperature Rise Curve DDPAK Package (S) Capacitors Surface mount tantalum, molded “D” size Inductor Surface mount, Schott, 68 μH Diode Surface mount, 3A 40V, Schottky PC board 3 square inches single sided 2 oz. copper (0.0028″) Figure 40. Junction Temperature Rise, DDPAK THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS The LM2598 is available in two packages, a 7-pin TO-220 (T) and a 7-pin surface mount DDPAK (S).
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Package thermal resistance and junction temperature rise numbers are all approximate, and there are many factors that will affect these numbers. Some of these factors include board size, shape, thickness, position, location, and even board temperature. Other factors are, trace width, total printed circuit copper area, copper thickness, single- or double-sided, multilayer board and the amount of solder on the board.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure 43. Typical Circuit Using Shutdown /Soft-start and Error Flag Features Figure 44. Inverting −5V Regulator With Shutdown and Soft-start lNVERTING REGULATOR The circuit in Figure 44 converts a positive input voltage to a negative output voltage with a common ground.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com Figure 45. Maximum Load Current for Inverting Regulator Circuit An additional diode is required in this regulator configuration. Diode D1 is used to isolate input voltage ripple or noise from coupling through the CIN capacitor to the output, under light or no load conditions. Also, this diode isolation changes the topology to closely resemble a buck configuration thus providing good closed loop stability.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 Figure 46. Undervoltage Lockout for a Buck Regulator Figure 47 and Figure 48 apply the same feature to an inverting circuit. Figure 47 features a constant threshold voltage for turn on and turn off (zener voltage plus approximately one volt). Since the SD /SS pin has an internal 7V zener clamp, R2 is needed to limit the current into this pin to approximately 1 mA when Q1 is on.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com This method of generating a negative output voltage without an additional inductor can be used with other members of the Simple Switcher Family, using either the buck or boost topology. Figure 49.
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LM2598 www.ti.com SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 TYPICAL THROUGH HOLE PC BOARD LAYOUT, ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT (1X SIZE), DOUBLE SIDED, THROUGH HOLE PLATED CIN—150 μF/50V, Aluminum Electrolytic, Panasonic “HFQ series” CFF—See Figure 25. COUT—120 μF/25V Aluminum Electrolytic, Panasonic “HFQ series” RFF—See Application Information Section (CFF Section) D1—3A, 40V Schottky Rectifier, 1N5822 RPULL-UP—10 kΩ L1—68 μH, L30, Renco, Through hole CDELAY—0.1 μF R1—1 kΩ, 1% CSD/SS—0.
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LM2598 SNVS125C – MARCH 1998 – REVISED APRIL 2013 www.ti.com REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision B (April 2013) to Revision C • 38 Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ..........................................................................................................
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2013 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp (2) (6) (3) Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (4/5) LM2598S-12/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2598S -12 P+ LM2598S-3.3/NOPB ACTIVE DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 45 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt) CU SN Level-3-245C-168 HR -40 to 125 LM2598S -3.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 1-Nov-2013 PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details.
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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-Sep-2013 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins Type Drawing SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant LM2598SX-12 DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2598SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.85 5.0 16.0 24.0 Q2 LM2598SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/ TO-263 KTW 7 500 330.0 24.4 10.75 14.
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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 23-Sep-2013 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) LM2598SX-12 DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2598SX-12/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2598SX-3.3/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2598SX-5.0 DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.0 LM2598SX-5.0/NOPB DDPAK/TO-263 KTW 7 500 367.0 367.0 45.
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MECHANICAL DATA NDZ0007B TA07B (Rev E) www.ti.
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MECHANICAL DATA KTW0007B TS7B (Rev E) BOTTOM SIDE OF PACKAGE www.ti.
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