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FEATURES

DESCRIPTION

APPLICATIONS

bq77PL900

www.ti.com

...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009

Five to Ten Series Cell Lithium-Ion or Lithium-Polymer Battery Protector

and Analog Front End

• 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 Series-Cell Primary

Protection

The bq77PL900 is a five to ten series cell lithium-ion

battery pack protector. The integrated I

• PMOS FET Drive for Charge and Discharge

communications interface allows the bq77PL900 also

FETs

to be as an analog front end (AFE) for a Host

• Capable of Operation with 1-m Ω Sense

controller. Two LDOs, one 5-V, 25-mA and one 3.3-V,

Resistor

25-mA, are also included and may be used to power

• Supply Voltage Range from 7 V to 50 V

a host controller or support circuitry.

• Low Supply Current of 450 µ A Typical

The bq77PL900 integrates a voltage translation

• Integrated 5-V, 25-mA LDO

system to extract battery parameters such as

individual cell voltages and charge/discharge current.

• Integrated 3.3-V, 25-mA LDO

Variables such as voltage protection thresholds and

• Stand-Alone Mode

detection delay times can be programmed by using

– Pack Protection Control and Recovery

the internal EEPROM.

– Individual Cell Monitoring

The bq77PL900 can act as a stand-alone

– Integrated Cell Balancing

self-contained battery protection system (stand-alone

mode). It can alternatively be combined with a host

– Programmable Threshold and Delay Time

microcontroller to offer fuel gauge or other battery

for

management capabilities to the host system

– Overvoltage

(host-control mode).

– Undervoltage

The bq77PL900 provides full safety protection for

– Overcurrent in Discharge

overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent in discharge,

and short circuit in discharge conditions. When the

– Short Circuit in Discharge

EEPROM programmable safety thresholds are

– Fixed Overtemperature Protection

reached, the bq77PL900 turns off the FET drive

• Host Control Mode

autonomously. No external components are needed

– I

C Interface to Host Controller

to configure the protection features.

– Analog Interface for Host Cell Measurement

The analog front end (AFE) outputs allow a host

and System Charge/Discharge Current

controller to observe individual cell voltages and

charge/discharge currents. The host controller ’ s

– Host-Controlled Protection Recovery

analog-to-digital converter connects to the

– Host-Controlled Cell Balancing

bq77PL900 to acquire these values.

Cell balancing can be performed autonomously, or

the host controller can activate it individually via a cell

• Cordless Power Tools

bypass path integrated into the bq77PL900. Internal

• Power Assisted Bicycle/Scooter

control registers accessible via the I

C interface

• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems

configure this operation. The maximum balancing

• Medical Equipment

bypass current is set via an external series resistor

and the internal FET-on resistance (typically 400 Ω ).

• Portable Test Equipment

Optionally, external bypass cell balance FETs can be

used for increased current capability.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas

Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.

Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas

Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not

necessarily include testing of all parameters.

Summary of content (62 pages)

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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ......................................................................................................................................................
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Fuse Pack + bq77PL900 Microprocessor PCH FET Drive Thermal Measurement Cell Balance Algorithm and Control RAM ROM Serial Interface 3.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ......................................................................................................................................................
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Submit Documentation Feedback Product Folder Link(s): bq77PL900 PACK– CTHERM RTHERM 0.98 V 3.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ......................................................................................................................................................
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Table 2. Host Control Summary MODE TRANSITION FUNCTION AND FIRMWARE PROCEDURE Normal to current protection Vsr > Voc or Vsc for period of toc or tsc Automatically, DSG and CHG turn off, SCD or OCD status changes = 1, XALERT = L Current protection to normal 1.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) VMAX Supply voltage range VIN Input voltage range (2) VALUE UNIT BAT, PACK –0.3 to 60 V VC1–VC10 –0.3 to 60 VC11 –0.3 to 0.3 VCn to VCn + 1, n = 1 to 10 –0.3 to 8 PMS –0.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN Supply Voltage PACK, BAT VI(STARTUP) Start-up voltage PACK VLOG 7 Logic supply voltage Input voltage range VI NOM 50 7.5 1.2 × VREG1 VC1 to VC10 0 BAT VC11 0 0.5 –0.3 0.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) BAT = PACK = 7 V to 50 V, TA = –25°C to 85°C, typical values stated where TA = 25°C and BAT = PACK = 36 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER VPOR_HYS Positive-going hysteresis tRST Reset delay time TEST CONDITIONS VLOG = 3.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) BAT = PACK = 7 V to 50 V, TA = –25°C to 85°C, typical values stated where TA = 25°C and BAT = PACK = 36 V (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER tSRC TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX –15% 12.8 s 15% 1 1.4 2 V 0.05 0.1 0.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 GENERAL OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Stand-Alone Mode and Host Control Mode The bq77PL900 has two operational modes, stand-alone mode and host-control mode. The mode is switched by STATE_CONTROL [HOST].
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Normal Operation Mode When all cell voltages are within the range of VUV to VOV, and the CHG and DSG FETs are turned ON, the cells are charged and discharged at any time. Pack+ On On Pack Bat Battery bq77PL900 Load Pack– S0345-01 Figure 6.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Battery Protection The bq77PL900 fully integrates battery protection circuits including cell overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrent in discharge and short circuit in discharge detection. Each detection voltage can be adjusted by programming the integrated EEPROM.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Sample-and-Hold Circuit OV/UV Comparator OV Comparator – VC8 + Delay Counter OVth VC9 UV Comparator VC10 + – – + VC11 Delay Counter UVth 120 ms ´ Number of Cells /Monitor OV and UV Sampling Sequence: 50 ms S0346-01 Figure 7.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Pack+ On Off Pack Bat Cell Voltage VOV Battery Overvoltage Detect Comparator Charger bq77PL900 Pack– S0347-01 Figure 8.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com OV Detect All Cell Voltage < VOV BAT Disconnect Charger Connect Load PACK DSG Host Turns on CHG FET CHG Host Reads STATUS Register XALERT T0370-01 Figure 9.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Recovery in Stand-Alone Mode The recovery condition occurs when all cell voltages become lower than (VOV – ΔVOVH). Figure 10 illustrates the circuit schematic in overvoltage protection mode in stand-alone mode. Figure 11 illustrates the timing of this protection mode.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com OV Detect All Cell Voltage < (VOV – DVOVH) BAT Disconnect Charger Connect Load PACK DSG CHG XALERT T0371-01 Figure 11.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 7.14.1 Cell Undervoltage Detection and Recovery When any one of the cell voltages falls below VUV for a period of tUV, the bq77PL900 enters the undervoltage mode. At this time, the DSG FET is turned OFF and XALERT driven low. Both VUV and tUV can be programmed in the internal EEPROM.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com BAT UV Detection Connect a Charger All Cell Voltage > (VUV + DVUVH) or All Cell Voltage > VUV and Detecting (PACK+) – VBAT > 0.1 V PACK Host Turns On DSG FET DSG CHG Host Read Status Register XALERT T0372-01 Figure 13.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 In Stand-Alone Mode On detecting entry to undervoltage mode, the bq77PL900 moves to the shutdown power mode. When a charger is attached, the bq77PL900 wakes up from shutdown mode. If cell voltages are lower than the undervoltage condition, the DSG FET is turned OFF and XALERT driven low.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com 7.14.1 Overcurrent in Discharge and Short Circuit in Discharge Recovery In host-control mode, the host must send a sequence of firmware commands to the bq77PL900 to recover from overcurrent and short-circuit currents. The command sequence to turn ON the DSG and CHG FETs is as follows: 1.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Table 5.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Series Configuration of Five to Ten Cells Unused cell inputs are required to be shorted to the uppermost-voltage-connected terminal. For example, in a five-cell configuration, VC1 to VC5 are shorted to VC6. In a 9-cell configuration, VC1 is shorted to VC2.
PAGE 31
bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Sample-and-Hold Circuit VC8 Differential Amp Circuit VC9 VC10 + – VOUT – + VC11 REF = 2.5 V VREF = 0.975 V or 1.2 V Calibration S0351-01 Figure 17. Cell Voltage Monitoring Circuit To calibrate the VCELL output, it must measure a 2.5-V signal, but 2.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Step 1 Set CAL2 = 0, CAL1 = 0, CAL0 = 1, CELL[4:1] = 0, VAEN = 1 Measure the output voltage of the differential amplifier at 0-V input (both inputs of the differential amplifier are connected to GND).
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Vout(0V) = VOUT(2.5V) + KACT × VREF_2.5V OR Vout(0V) = VOUT(0.975V or 1.
PAGE 34
bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Vdiffb VOV VOV – DVOVH Cell A Vdiffa Cell B ta tb tc td te tf T0375-01 Figure 19.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Alerting the Host (LTCLR) In host-control mode, when a protection fault occurs, the state is latched. The fault flag is unlatched by toggling (from 0, set to 1 then reset to 0) OUTPUT_CONTROL [LTCLR]. The OCD, SCD, OV, and UV bits are unlatched by this function.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com EEPROM Write Sequence The bq77PL900 has integrated configuration EEPROM for OV, UV, OCD, and SCD thresholds and delays. The appropriate configuration data is programmed to the configuration registers, and then 0xe2 is sent to the EEPROM register to enable the programming supply voltage.
PAGE 37
bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 EEPROM Programming Start Set BAT Voltage or PACK Voltage = 20 V Confirm the Status Register VGOOD = 1 2 Send I C command OV/UV/SC/OL Register = Desired Value Set EEPROM Pin = VLOG Voltage (3.3 V or 5.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Power Modes The bq77PL900 has two power modes, normal and shutdown. Table 9 outlines the operational functions during the two power modes. Table 9.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 SCLK ••• SDATA A6 A5 A4 ••• ••• A0 R/W ACK 0 Start R7 R6 R5 ••• ••• R0 ACK 0 D7 D6 D5 D0 ACK ••• 0 0 Register Address Slave Address Data Stop T0378-01 2 Figure 24.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Register Set The bq77PL900 has 12 addressable registers. These registers provide status, control, and configuration information for the battery protection system. Table 10.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Register Control 0x01 to 0x05 should be controlled during host-control mode. STATUS: Status Register 7 CHG 6 DSG 5 VGOOD STATUS REGISTER (0x00) 4 3 OVTEMP UV 2 OV 1 OCD 0 SCD The STATUS register provides information about the current state of the bq77PL900.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com OUTPUT_CONTROL: Output Control Register 7 FS 6 PFALT 5 0 OUTPUT_CONTROL REGISTER (0x01) 4 3 0 GPOD 2 CHG 1 DSG 0 LTCLR The OUPTUT_CONTROL register controls some of the outputs of the bq77PL900 and can show the state of the external pin corresponding to the control.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 STATE_CONTROL: State Control Register 7 IGAIN 6 VGAIN STATE_CONTROL REGISTER (0x02) 4 3 0 0 5 0 2 0 1 HOST 0 SHDN The STATE_CONTROL register controls the states of the bq77PL900. STATE_CONTROL b0 (SHDN): This bit enables or disables the shut down mode in host mode.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com FUNCTION_CONTROL: Function Control Register, [Cell (9, 10) Balance Register] 7 CBAL10 6 CBAL9 5 TOUT FUNCTION CONTROL REGISTER (0x03) 4 3 2 BAT PACK IACAL 1 IAEN 0 VAEN The FUNCTION_CONTROL register controls some features of the bq77PL900.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 CELL_BALANCE: Cell (1 to 8) Balance Register 7 CBAL8 6 CBAL7 5 CBAL6 CELL_BALANCE REGISTER (0x04) 4 3 CELL5 CBAL4 2 CBAL3 1 CBAL2 0 CBAL1 The CELL_BALANCE register controls cell balancing of the bq77PL900. CELL_BALANCE b7(CBAL8): This bit enables VC3–VC4 cell balance charge bypass path.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com CELL_SEL b6–b4 (CAL2–0): These three bits determine the mode of the voltage monitor block. CAL2 CAL1 CAL0 (1) CELL_SEL b7: SELECTED MODE 0 0 0 Cell translation for selected cell (default), VOUT output depends on CELL4–1.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 UV_CFG: Undervoltage Hysteresis and Threshold Configuration Register 7 0 6 UVFET _-DIS UV LEVEL REGISTER (0x07) 4 3 UVH0 UV3 5 UVH1 2 UV2 1 UV1 0 UV0 The UV register determines the cell undervoltage threshold, hysteresis voltage, and detection delay time.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com OC&UV_DELAY: Overcurrent and Undervoltage Delay Register 7 UVD3 6 UVD2 5 UVD1 OC&UVDELAY REGISTER (0x08) 4 3 UVD0 OCD3 2 OCD2 1 OCD1 0 OCD0 The FUNCTION and OCDV CFG register determines overcurrent in discharge voltage threshold and controls functions.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 OCD_CFG: Overcurrent in Discharge Configuration Register 7 CBEN 6 ZVC 5 SOR OCD_CFG REGISTER (0x09) 4 3 OCDD4 OCDD3 2 OCDD2 1 OCDD1 0 OCDD0 The FUNCTION & OCD_CFG register determines function and overload-detection delay time.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com SCD_CFG: Short-Circuit in Discharge Configuration Register 7 SCDD3 6 SCDD2 5 SCDD1 SCD_CFG REGISTER (0x0a) 4 3 SCDD0 SCD3 2 SCD2 1 SCD1 0 SCD0 The SCD_CFG register determines the short-circuit voltage threshold and detection delay time.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 Common FET In this mode, the PMS pin is connected to PACK+. In this configuration, the charger must have a 0-V/precharging function which is typically controlled as follows: • The cell voltage is lower than a certain constant voltage (normally about 3 V/cell). – Apply 0-V/precharging current.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com PACK Operating Voltage 0V 3.
PAGE 53
bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 PCHG-FET R(PCHG) Charger DSG-FET CHG-FET CC PACK+ BAT I-QC DSG CHG CV PACK Battery GPOD bq77PL900 I-QC: Quick-Charge Current PMS REG S0354-01 Figure 29. 0-V/Precharge FET Circuit in Host-Control Mode The 0-V/precharge FET is driven by the GPOD output.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com During the 0-V/precharge, the CHG FET is turned OFF and the PCHG FET is turned ON. When the host controller detects that all the cell voltages have reached the fast-charge threshold, it then turns ON the CHG FET and turns OFF the PCHG FET. The signal timing is shown in Figure 31.
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bq77PL900 www.ti.com ...................................................................................................................................................... SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 0-V/Precharge FER in Stand-Alone Mode The circuit configuration is the same as 0-V/precharge FET in host-control mode, although in stand-alone mode the bq77PL900 automatically turns on the GPOD output.
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bq77PL900 SLUS844B – JUNE 2008 – REVISED JANUARY 2009 ...................................................................................................................................................... www.ti.com Charge CV PACK 0V uP: Active 3.
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PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.
PAGE 58
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 10-Jun-2014 continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device BQ77PL900DLR Package Package Pins Type Drawing SSOP DL 48 SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) 1000 330.0 32.4 Pack Materials-Page 1 11.35 B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant 16.2 3.1 16.0 32.
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PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) BQ77PL900DLR SSOP DL 48 1000 367.0 367.0 55.
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IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46, latest issue, and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48, latest issue. Buyers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete.