User Manual CSA7404 & CSA7154 Communications Signal Analyzers, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS7104, & TDS7054 Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes, & TDS6604 & TDS6404 Digital Storage Oscilloscopes 071-7010-02 This document supports firmware version 2.3.0 and above. www.tektronix.
Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supercedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077-0001 TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. TekConnect, TekVISA, FastFrame, and VocalLink are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
WARRANTY Tektronix warrants that the products that it manufactures and sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If this product proves defective during its warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, will either repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.
Table of Contents General Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii xv About This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Manuals and Online Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contacting Tektronix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Operating Basics Operational Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Documentation Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Overview Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2--1 2--2 2--4 Functional Model Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Process Overview Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Using FastFrame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using FastFrame Acquisitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To Set FastFrame Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time Stamping Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O/E Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents iv Sequential Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Sequential Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To Trigger on a Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comm Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serial Pattern Triggering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Defining Spectral Math Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using Spectral Math Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recognizing Aliasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To Select a Predefined Spectral Math Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . To Define a Spectral Math Waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Levels Used in Taking Eye Measurements (Optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T1 Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T2 Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DCD Values . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 1--1: Locations of peripheral connectors on rear panel . . . . . Figure 1--2: Powering on the instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--3: Enabling your LAN and connecting to a network . . . . . Figure 1--4: Setting up a dual display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--5: Drag area for Windows task bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 1--6: Moving Windows desktop icons to the external monitor . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Figure 3--14: Normal DSO and Fast Acquisition displays . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--15: Fast Acquisition XY display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--16: FastFrame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--17: FastFrame time stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--18: Optical-to-Electrical converter and recovered clock and data connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents Figure 3--42: Functional transformation of an acquired waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--43: Derivative math waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--44: Peak-peak amplitude measurement of a derivative waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--45: Duration and resolution control effects . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents x Figure 3--63: Print window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--64: Hardcopy formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--65: Page setup window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure 3--66: Print preview window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3--277 3--278 3--279 3--280 Figure B--1: Levels used to determine measurements . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents List of Tables Table 1--1: Additional accessory connection information . . . . . . . . . Table 1--2: Line fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1--3: Vertical settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1--4: Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1--5: Standard accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents xii Table A--10: Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A--11: Environmental specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A--12: Certifications and compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A--37 A--38 A--39 Table B--1: Supported measurements and their definition . . . . . . . . Table B--2: Supported measurements and their definition . . . . . . . . B--1 B--9 Table C--1: File menu commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Safety Summary Review the following safety precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, use this product only as specified. Only qualified personnel should perform service procedures. While using this product, you may need to access other parts of the system. Read the General Safety Summary in other system manuals for warnings and cautions related to operating the system.
General Safety Summary Symbols and Terms Terms in this Manual. These terms may appear in this manual: WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result in injury or loss of life. CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in damage to this product or other property. Terms on the Product. These terms may appear on the product: DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking.
Preface This user manual covers the following information: H Describes the capabilities of the instrument, how to install it and how to reinstall its software H Explains how to operate the instrument: how to control acquisition of, processing of, and input/output of information H Lists specifications and accessories of the instrument About This Manual This manual is composed of the following chapters: H Getting Started shows you how to configure and install your instrument and provides an incoming in
Preface Related Manuals and Online Documents This manual is part of a document set of standard-accessory manuals and online documentation; this manual mainly focuses on installation, background, and user information needed to use the product features. See the following list for other documents supporting instrument operation and service. (Manual part numbers are listed in Accessories & Options on page 1--37.
Preface Contacting Tektronix Phone 1-800-833-9200* Address Tektronix, Inc. Department or name (if known) 14200 SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 USA Web site www.tektronix.com Sales support 1-800-833-9200, select option 1* Service support 1-800-833-9200, select option 2* Technical support Email: techsupport@tektronix.com 1-800-833-9200, select option 3* 6:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Pacific time * This phone number is toll free in North America.
Preface xviii CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Product Description This chapter describes the CSA7000 Series Communications Signal Analyzers, the TDS7000 Series Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes, and the TDS6000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes and their options. Following this description are three sections: H Installation shows you how to configure and install the instrument, as well as how to reinstall the system software included with the product. H Incoming Inspection provides a procedure for verifying basic operation and functionality.
Product Description Key Features CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, and TDS6000 Series instruments are high performance solutions for verifying, debugging, and characterizing sophisticated electronic designs. The series features exceptional signal acquisition performance, operational simplicity, and open connectivity to the design environment. Classic analog-style controls, a large touch-sensitive display, and graphical menus provide intuitive control.
Product Description H Trigger modes include edge, logic, pulse, serial (CSA7000 Series, optional on TDS7000 Series and TDS6000 Series, and not available on TDS7104 and TDS7054), communication (CSA7000 Series and optional on TDS7000 Series and TDS6000 Series), and sequence at up to 4 GHz bandwidth, depending on the model H Powerful built-in measurement capability, including histograms, automatic measurements, eye pattern measurements (CSA7000 Series and optional on TDS7000 Series and TDS6000 Series), and
Product Description H Support Software. Not preinstalled on the instrument. The compact discs, included with the instrument, contain additional software and files that may be useful to you: H Readme file. This file contains release notes and updates that could not be included in other product documentation. H GPIB Programmer Online Help software. This software, in an online help format, contains the information that you need to program the instrument through its GPIB interface.
Installation This chapter covers installation of the instrument, addressing the following topics: H Unpacking on page 1--6 H Checking the Environment Requirements on page 1--7 H Connecting Peripherals on page 1--7 H Powering On the Instrument on page 1--9 H Shutting Down the Instrument on page 1--10 H Creating an Emergency Startup Disk on page 1--11 H Backing Up User Files on page 1--11 H Installing Software on page 1--12 H Enabling Your LAN and Connecting to a Network on page 1--15 H Set
Installation Unpacking Verify that you have received all of the parts of your instrument. The graphical packing list shows the standard accessories that you should find in the shipping carton (probes depend on the option you ordered.) You should also verify that you have: H The correct power cord for your geographical area.
Installation Checking the Environment Requirements Read this section before attempting any installation procedures. This section describes site considerations, power requirements, and ground connections for your instrument. Site Considerations The instrument is designed to operate on a bench or on a cart in the normal position (on the bottom feet). For proper cooling, at least three inches (7.
Installation CAUTION. To avoid product damage, either power off the instrument or place the instrument in Standby power mode before installing any accessories except a USB mouse or keyboard to the instrument connectors. (You can connect and disconnect USB devices with the power on.) See Shutting Down the Instrument on page 1--10. Description Icon/Label Locations Monitor (PC only, for dual display operation) . . . . . . Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . RS-232 . . . . . . . . . . Network . . . . . . .
Installation Table 1- 1: Additional accessory connection information Item Description Monitor If you use a nonstandard monitor, you may need to change the Windows 2000 display settings to achieve the proper resolution for your monitor. To set up a dual display, see page 1-- 17. Printer Connect the printer to the EPP (enhanced parallel port) connector directly. If your printer has a DB-25 connector, use the adapter cable that came with your printer to connect to the EPP connector.
Installation Rear panel 3 1 Turn on the power. Check the fuses. Front panel 2 Connect the power cord. 4 If needed, push the On/Standby switch to power on the instrument. Figure 1- 2: Powering on the instrument Shutting Down the Instrument When you push the front-panel On/Standby switch, the instrument starts a shutdown process (including a Windows shutdown) to preserve settings and then removes power from most circuitry in the instrument.
Installation Creating an Emergency Startup Disk Now that you have completed the basic installation process, you should create an emergency startup disk that you can use to restart your instrument in case of a major hardware or software failure. Store this disk in a safe place. CAUTION. Create this disk and store it in a safe place. It may allow you to recover your Windows 2000 installation without rebuilding the entire instrument hard disk.
Installation 4. Use the backup tool that displays to select your backup media and to select the files and folders that you want to back up. Use the Windows online help for information on using the Backup tool. You can back up to the floppy drive or to a third-party storage device over the printer port (rear panel). Installing Software The instrument system and application software is preinstalled at the factory.
Installation H Detailed command descriptions including syntax and examples H Status and error messages H Programming examples The CD also contains a printable version of the programmer information in the form of a PDF file. Semi-Automated Performance Verification Procedure. This software (TDS7104, TDS7054, and TDS6000 Series Only) provides a semiautomated method to verify the oscilloscope performance.
Installation Desktop Applications You can install desktop application software on the instrument. The instrument has been tested with the following software products installed: H Microsoft Office 2000 (including Word, Excel, Powerpoint, and Access) H MathCad H MATLAB Other software products may be compatible but have not been tested by Tektronix.
Installation Enabling Your LAN and Connecting to a Network You can connect the instrument to a network to enable printing, file sharing, internet access, and other communications functions. Before you make the connection, do the following steps to enable network access to the instrument: Front panel Rear panel 1 Power down 3 Connect a keyboard and mouse 2 Power on Figure 1- 3: Enabling your LAN and connecting to a network 4.
Installation 5. In the BIOS Setup Utility, use the right-arrow key on the keyboard to highlight the Advanced menu at the top of the screen. 6. Use the arrow down key to highlight PCI Configuration (Peripheral Configuration on some instruments) in the Advanced screen, and then press Enter. 7. Use the arrow down key to highlight Embedded Ethernet Controller (LAN Device on some instruments) in the Peripheral Configuration screen, and then press Enter. 8.
Installation Setting up a Dual Display Use the following steps to set up the instrument for dual display operation. You can operate the instrument while having full use of Windows and other applications on the external monitor. 1 Use the On/Standby switch to power down. 2 Connect a keyboard and mouse. 3 Connect an external monitor. 4 Power on. 5 Power on.
Installation 6. Watch for a message on the external monitor telling you that Windows has successfully initialized the display adapter. 7. The instrument should detect that the new monitor was connected. Follow the instructions on the instrument display to install new drivers for the monitor. 8. Type a Control-M to minimize the instrument application. 9. In the Windows desktop, right-click the mouse, and then select Properties to display the Display Properties dialog box. 10.
Installation Click here to drag task bar. Figure 1- 5: Drag area for Windows task bar 2. Release the mouse when the task bar is where you want it to be. Internal monitor External monitor 3 Select all Drag Drop Figure 1- 6: Moving Windows desktop icons to the external monitor 4. If you use the instrument help system, you can drag the help windows to the external monitor so that you can read them while you operate the instrument. 5.
Installation 1- 20 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Incoming Inspection This chapter contains instructions for performing the Incoming Inspection Procedure. This procedure verifies that the instrument is operating correctly after shipment, but does not check product specifications. This procedure contains the following parts: H Self Tests on page 1--22 provides instructions for performing the internal self tests. H Functional Tests on page 1--23 measures the time- and amplitude-reference signals at the PROBE COMPENSATION connector.
Incoming Inspection H One TCA-BNC TekConnect adapter, or one TCA-SMA TekConnect adapter and one SMA male-to-BNC female adapter, such as Tektronix part number 015-1018-xx Self Tests This procedure uses internal routines to verify that the instrument functions and was adjusted properly. No test equipment or hookups are required. Equipment required None Prerequisites Power on the instrument and allow a 20 minute warm-up before doing this procedure. 1.
Incoming Inspection e. Run the signal-path compensation routine: f. H From the Utilities menu, select Instrument Calibration . . . . This displays the instrument calibration control window. H If required because the instrument is in service mode, select the Signal Path button under Calibration Area. H Touch the Calibrate button to start the routine. Wait: Signal-path compensation may take five to ten minutes to run. g.
Incoming Inspection NOTE. Do not make changes to the front-panel settings that are not called out in the procedures. Each verification procedure will require you to set the instrument to certain default settings before verifying functions. If you make changes to these settings, other than those called out in the procedure, you may obtain invalid results. In this case, redo the procedure from step 1.
Incoming Inspection CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, & TDS6404 TDS7104 & TDS7054 BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to channel input BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to the A input of the Probe Calibration and Deskew Fixture Connect the probe tip to the short pin and the probe ground to the long pin as shown. TDS6604 A BNC cable from the PROBE COMPENSATION output to the GAIN CAL SIG input on the fixture. Remove the jumper NOTE.
Incoming Inspection Channel buttons Figure 1- 8: Channel button location 5. Set up the instrument: H Push the front-panel AUTOSET button. This sets the horizontal and vertical scale and vertical offset for a usable display and sets the trigger source to the channel that you are testing. H Touch the Vert button and then touch Offset. Confirm that the Ch1 Offset is 1.8 V (0.0 V if not using a probe). 6. Verify that the channel is operational: Confirm that the following statements are true.
Incoming Inspection H The front-panel vertical POSITION knob (for the channel you are testing) moves the signal up and down the screen when rotated. H Turning the vertical SCALE knob counterclockwise (for the channel you are testing) decreases the amplitude of the waveform on-screen, turning the knob clockwise increases the amplitude, and returning the knob to the original scale setting returns the amplitude to that shown in Table 1--3 for that scale setting. 7.
Incoming Inspection Check Horizontal Operation Equipment required One BNC cable CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6604, & TDS6404: One TekConnect adapter Prerequisites None 1. Initialize the instrument:Push the front-panel DEFAULT SETUP button. 2. Hook up the signal source: Connect the equipment to the CH 1 input as shown in Figure 1--9.
Incoming Inspection 7. Verify that the time base operates: Confirm the following statements. H One period of the square-wave probe-compensation signal is about five horizontal divisions on-screen for the 200 s/div horizontal scale setting. H Rotating the horizontal SCALE knob clockwise expands the waveform on-screen (more horizontal divisions per waveform period), counterclockwise rotation contracts it, and returning the horizontal scale to 200 s/div returns the period to about five divisions.
Incoming Inspection d. Adjust the horizontal delay: Rotate the upper multipurpose knob to change the horizontal delay setting. Verify that the falling edge shifts horizontally. Rotate the front-panel horizontal POSITION knob. Verify that this knob has the same effect (it also adjusts delay, but only when delay mode is on). e. Verify the delay toggle function: H Rotate the front-panel horizontal POSITION knob to center the falling edge horizontally on the screen.
Incoming Inspection TDS7104 & TDS7054 CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6604, & TDS6404 BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to CH 1 input BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to CH 1 input Figure 1- 10: Setup for trigger test 4. CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6604, & TDS6404: Touch the Vert button and then touch Offset. Adjust the Ch1 Offset to 0.8 V using the multipurpose knob. 5.
Incoming Inspection 7. Verify that the delayed trigger system operates: a. Set up the delayed trigger: H From the Trig menu, select A→B Sequence . . . . This displays the A→B Sequence tab of the trigger setup control window. H Click the Trig After Time button under A Then B. H Click the B Trig Level control in the control window. b. Confirm that the following statements are true: H The trigger-level readout for the B trigger system changes as you turn the lower multipurpose knob.
Incoming Inspection 1. Initialize the instrument: Push the front-panel DEFAULT SETUP button. 2. Hook up the signal source: Connect the equipment to the CH 1 input as shown in Figure 1--11. TDS7104 & TDS7054 CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6604, & TDS6404 BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to CH 1 input BNC cable from PROBE COMPENSATION output to CH 1 input Figure 1- 11: Setup for the file system test 3.
Incoming Inspection b. Click the Save button under Save settings to file in the control window. This displays a familiar Windows dialog box for choosing a destination directory naming the file. c. In the Save Instrument Setup As dialog box, select the 31/2 Floppy (A:) icon in the Save in: drop-down list to set the save destination to the floppy disk. d. Note the default file name, and then click the Save button to save the setup to the default file name. 9.
Incoming Inspection Perform the Extended Diagnostics Extended diagnostics and self calibration perform a more detailed functionality check than the incoming inspection and Power-on diagnostics. NOTE. Allow a 20-minute warm-up before running the self calibration. Disconnect any attached probes from the instrument. Then select the Utilities menu.
Incoming Inspection 1- 36 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Accessories & Options This section lists the standard and optional accessories available for the instrument, as well as the product options.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 4: Options (Cont.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 4: Options (Cont.) CSA7404 CSA7154 TDS7404 TDS7254 TDS7154 TDS7104 TDS7054 TDS6604 TDS6404 C3 Calibration services extended to cover three years n n n n n n n n n C5 Calibration services extended to cover five years n n n n n n n n n D1 Calibration data report n n n n n n n n n D3 Test Data for calibration services in Opt. C3 n n n n n n n n n D5 Test Data for calibration services in Opt.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 5: Standard accessories (Cont.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 5: Standard accessories (Cont.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 6: Optional accessories (Cont.) Accessory Part number P7330 differential 3.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 6: Optional accessories (Cont.
Accessories & Options Table 1- 6: Optional accessories (Cont.) 1 Accessory Part number Dust cap, optical, CSA7404 & CSA7154 200-4104-00 Requires TCA-BNC TekConnect BNC adapter on CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6604 & TDS6404 NOTE. The P6339A probe is not supported by this instrument.
Operational Maps This chapter acquaints you with how the instrument functions and operates. It consists of several maps that describe the system, its operation, and its documentation: H Documentation Map, on page 2--2, lists the documentation that supports the instrument. H System Overview Maps on page 2--4, describe the high-level operating blocks and operating cycle of the instrument.
Documentation Map This instrument ships with documents individually tailored to address different aspects or parts of the product features and interface. The table below cross references each document to the instrument features and interfaces it supports. To read about… Refer to these documents: Description Installation, Specification, & Operation (overviews) User Manual Reference Manual Read the Reference for a quick overview of instrument features and their usage.
Documentation Map You may also want to obtain the optional service manual for this product if you self-service or performance test this instrument. See Accessories & Options on page 1--37.
System Overview Maps The instrument is a highly capable waveform acquisition, test, and measurement system. The following model provides background information on its operation, which, in turn, may provide you insight on how the instrument can be used.
System Overview Maps H Trigger System. Recognizes a specific event of interest on the input trigger signal and informs the Timebase of the occurrence of the event. Also provides recovered clock and data signals (optional on TDS7000 Series and TDS6000 Series instruments). H Timebase System. Tells the Acquisition system to start an acquisition cycle (that is, to convert from analog to digital).
System Overview Maps Process Overview Map Process Overview Process Block Description Idling. . . Implement setup Yes Stop condition? Reset Abort Power on Power down Arm 1. The instrument starts in the idle state; it enters this state upon power up, upon receiving most control setting changes, or upon finishing acquisition tasks. 2. Control settings are implemented as they are requested. When you toggle the RUN/STOP control to RUN, the instrument starts the hardware. 3.
User Interface Map - Complete Control and Display Menu Bar: Access to data I/O, printing, online help system, and instrument functions here Status Bar: Display of acquisition status, mode, and number of acquisitions; trigger status; warnings; date; and time Display: Live, reference, & math waveforms display here, along with cursors Waveform Handle: Touch and drag to change vertical position of waveform.
Front-Panel Map - Quick Access to Most Often Used Features Use these buttons to start and stop acquisition or start a single acquisition sequence. The ARM, READY, and TRIG’D lights show the acquisition status. Page 3-- 82. Turn knob to adjust waveform intensity. Page 3-- 53. Push button to turn Fast Acquisition on or off (7000 Series only). Page 3-- 47. Use these knobs and buttons to set the trigger parameters. Push ADVANCED to display additional trigger functions. Pages 3-- 71 and 3-- 88.
Display Map - Single Graticule Drag icon to change the trigger level Drag cursors to measure waveforms on screen Drag the position icons to reposition a waveform Click icon to assign multipurpose knobs to waveform vertical position and scale Drag across the waveform area to zoom the boxed waveform segment.
Front Panel I/O Map CSA7000 Series Floppy disk drive Probe compensation output Ground terminal Recovered clock output Recovered data output Channel inputs Optical input O/E converter electrical output TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6604, & TDS6404 Probe compensation output Ground terminal Auxiliary trigger input Channel inputs Auxiliary trigger output CH 3 SIGNAL OUTPUT; scale and offset controlled by CH3 controls TDS7104 & TDS7054 Auxiliary trigger input Ground terminal Auxiliary trigger output
Rear Panel I/O Map Removable hard disk drive to provide individual environment for each user or to secure data. Press to release CDROM-RW drive accessible from Windows.
Rear Panel I/O Map 2- 12 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Overview This chapter describes in depth how the many features of the instrument operate. Please note the following points on using this chapter: H Each section in this chapter provides background information needed to operate your instrument effectively as well as the higher-level procedures for accessing and using the features. These procedures emphasize using the front panel when possible. H Lower-level, detailed usage procedures are in the online help system.
Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no.
Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no.
Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no.
Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no. Data Processing (Calculation) (Cont ) (Cont.) Taking Measurements (Cont.
Overview Tasks or topics Subtasks or subtopics Section title Contents Page no.
Acquiring Waveforms Before you can do anything (display, print, measure, analyze, or otherwise process) to a waveform, you must acquire the signal. This instrument comes equipped with the features that you need for capturing your waveforms before further processing them according to your requirements.
Acquiring Waveforms Storage Channel inputs Acquisition system Input Display Waveform transform system Auxiliary trigger input Trigger Horizontal time base NOTE. This section describes how the vertical and horizontal controls define the acquisition of live waveforms. These controls also define how all waveforms are displayed, both live and derived waveforms (math waveforms, reference waveforms, and so on). The sections that follow cover display-related usage: H Displaying Waveforms on page 3--123.
Acquiring Waveforms NOTE. Terminology: This manual uses the terms vertical acquisition window and horizontal acquisition window throughout this section and elsewhere. These terms refer to the vertical and horizontal range of the segment of the input signal that the acquisition system acquires. The terms do not refer to any windows or display windows on screen. Figure 3--1 shows the model for each input channel.
Acquiring Waveforms H Set horizontal scale to control the size of the horizontal acquisition window to capture as much as you want of the input signal(s). Set the horizontal position to delay the window relative to a trigger and to control where in the input signal (data stream) that the horizontal acquisition window acquires. For more background on acquisition window concepts, see Input Conditioning Background on page 3--19.
Acquiring Waveforms Coupling. All instruments and probes specify a maximum signal level. (See Specifications in your user manuals for exact limits.) Exceeding the limit, even momentarily, may damage the input channel. Use external attenuators, if necessary, to prevent exceeding the limits. Coupling determines whether an input signal is directly connected to the input channel, connected through a DC blocking capacitor (TDS7104 & TDS7054), or not connected at all.
Acquiring Waveforms H Set horizontal scale, position, and resolution (record length) so that the acquired waveform record includes the waveform attributes of interest with good sampling density on the waveform. The settings that you make define the horizontal acquisition window (see Horizontal Acquisition Window Considerations on page 3--23). NOTE.
Acquiring Waveforms To Set Up Signal Input Overview Use the procedure that follows when setting up the instrument to scale and position input signals for acquisition. For more information, display online help while performing the procedure. To set up signal input Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources The acquisition system should be set to run continuously. See page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup and page 3-- 71 for trigger setup. Connect input 2.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set up signal input (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Select input TDS7104 and TDS7054 only: termination 4. Push an input termination button to toggle between 1 MΩ and 50 Ω input termination. Hint. Some probes force the instrument to set the termination that the probe requires. Select input 5. coupling Touch Vert to display the Vertical control window.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set up signal input (Cont.) Set vertical 6. acquisition window Related control elements and resources Use the vertical knobs to scale and position the waveform on screen. Positioned vertically Scaled vertically Dragging the waveform handle also positions the waveform. 7. Touch Vert to display the Vertical control window. To change the offset, touch the Offset control and turn the multipurpose knob to adjust the offset.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set up signal input (Cont.) Set horizontal 8. acquisition window Related control elements and resources Use horizontal knobs to scale and position the waveform on screen and to set record length. Dragging the reference icon also positions the waveform. Scaled horizontally Positioned horizontally The Resolution knob sets the record length. (See discussion on page 3-- 24.) If required to stabilize the display, push LEVEL to set the trigger level to 50%. For help 9.
Acquiring Waveforms To Autoset the Instrument Overview Autoset automatically sets up the instrument controls (acquisition, display, horizontal, trigger, and vertical) based on the characteristics of the input signal. Autoset is much faster and easier than a manual control-by-control setup. When the input signal is connected, do an autoset to automatically set up the instrument: To autoset the instrument Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources Signals must be connected to channels.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To autoset the instrument (Cont.) Prompt 4. Done Control elements and resources Select User Preferences in the Utilities menu to display the Prompt Before Action window. Touch Autoset to toggle between ON and OFF: H OFF to set up for performing an autoset when the AUTOSET button is pushed H ON to set up for displaying a prompt before performing an autoset when the AUTOSET button is pushed Touch Close to save your prompt selection. NOTE.
Acquiring Waveforms To Get More Help Overview You can get help on the vertical and acquisition controls by accessing online help: To get more help Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources Instrument powered up and running. See Powering On the Instrument on page 1-- 9. Access 2. vertical set up help 3. Touch the Help button in toolbar mode or select Help on Window from the Help menu in menu bar mode.
Acquiring Waveforms Autoset Considerations. Autoset acquires samples from the input signal and attempts to take the following actions based on the input data: H Evaluate the amplitude range of the input signals and set the size and vertical offset of the vertical acquisition window to acquire the signal with good resolution, but without clipping. H Set the trigger to the approximate midlevel of the signal being autoset and switches to edge trigger mode.
Acquiring Waveforms The vertical scale and position controls have the following effects on the vertical acquisition window and the displayed waveform: H The vertical volts per division that you set determines the vertical size of the acquisition window, allowing you to scale it to contain all of a waveform amplitude or only part. Figure 3--2 on page 3--22 shows two vertical acquisition windows that contain the entire waveform, but only one window contains the entire waveform in the graticule on screen.
Acquiring Waveforms a. SCALE setting determines the vertical acquisition window size; here 100 mV/div x 10 divisions (8 graticule divisions and ᐔ1 division of position) +0.5 Volt +0.4 Volt Vertical window Channel reference indicator 1 Graticule - 0.4 Volt - 0.5 Volt b. Vertical offset and position can change the location of the acquired waveform within the acquisition window, repositioning it so its waveform appears in the graticule +1.0 Volt +0.
Acquiring Waveforms H Applying a negative offset moves the vertical range down relative to the DC level of the input signal. Likewise, applying a positive offset moves the vertical range up. See Figure 3--3. Vertical Window = 100 mV (8 divs X 10 mV /div + (+/- 1 divs of position)) Offset +300 mV (Near waveform top level) Acquisition window shifts positive to capture overshoot Offset 0.
Acquiring Waveforms H The Horizontal Delay that you set determines the time from the trigger point to the Horizontal Reference. H The horizontal scale and waveform record length (number of samples) that you set determines the horizontal size of the window relative to any waveform, allowing you to scale it to contain a waveform edge, a cycle, or several cycles.
Acquiring Waveforms 2. Time Duration (seconds) = Sample Interval (seconds/sample) x Record Length (samples), where: Time Duration is the horizontal acquisition window time duration and: Sample Interval (sec/sample) = Resolution (sec/sample) = 1/Sample Rate (samples/sec) In (2) above, note that it is Sample Interval that varies to accommodate the window time duration (and its scale setting) and the Record Length setting as these latter two elements can be set by you.
Acquiring Waveforms Independent vs. Shared Window. The instrument applies the same horizontal acquisition window to all channels from which it acquires data. Unlike the vertical acquisition window that you size and offset independently for each channel, the same time/div, resolution (record length), and horizontal position (from the same trigger point) apply to all channels simultaneously.
Acquiring Waveforms Vertical scale Acquisition mode Input Acquisition system Vertical position Horizontal scale Record length Roll mode (CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series only) gives a strip chart recorder-like display for low frequency signals. Roll mode lets you see acquired data points without waiting for the acquisition of a complete waveform record. For example, in normal acquisition mode, when the Horizontal Scale is 1 second per division, 10 seconds are required to fill the waveform record.
Acquiring Waveforms Using the Acquisition Controls Consider the mode that you want to use to acquire data: H Sample. The instrument does no postprocessing of acquired samples. The instrument saves the first sample (of perhaps many) during each acquisition interval (an acquisition interval is the time covered by the waveform record divided by the record length.) Sample mode is the default mode. H Peak Detect.
Acquiring Waveforms Table 3- 1: Additional resolution bits Sample Rate (S/s) Theoretical enNd (extra samples) hancement (bits) Resulting effective bits 5.00E+00 2.50E+08 13.95 13.00 1.00E+01 1.25E+08 13.45 13.00 2.50E+01 5.00E+07 12.79 13.00 5.00E+01 2.50E+07 12.29 13.00 1.00E+02 1.25E+07 11.79 13.00 2.50E+02 5.00E+06 11.13 13.00 5.00E+02 2.50E+06 10.63 13.00 1.00E+03 1.25E+06 10.13 13.00 2.50E+03 5.00E+05 9.47 13.00 5.00E+03 2.50E+05 8.97 13.00 1.00E+04 1.
Acquiring Waveforms H Envelope. Continuously, as subsequent waveforms are acquired, the instrument retains the running minimum (Min) and maximum (Max) values in adjacent sample intervals, creating an envelope of the number of waveforms that you specify. Once the specified number of waveforms is reached, the data is cleared and the process starts over. This is similar to the Peak Detect mode, but Envelope mode, unlike Peak Detect, gathers peaks over many trigger events. H Average.
Acquiring Waveforms Samples sets the minimum number of samples required to complete a single acquisition sequence and the minimum number of samples required to complete a mask test. If not using display persistence, samples sets the minimum number of samples that is required to release the waveform to the display. Similar to FastFrame, selecting RunStop, will cause the waveform to be displayed with what has been acquired so far.
Acquiring Waveforms H Single Acquisition. In addition to the Run/Stop Button, which can always stop an acquisition, the SINGLE button (or Single Sequence control) will automatically stop acquisition when one complete acquisition sequence is completed. See step 4, Set the stop mode, on page 3--35, or access the online help from the Run/Stop control window for more information. Untriggered Roll.
Acquiring Waveforms Global Controls. Like the horizontal controls, the acquisition controls apply to all active channels; for example, channel 1 cannot acquire in Sample mode while channel 2 acquires in Envelope mode. You cannot stop channel 4 from acquiring (if turned on) while other channels continue to acquire. Preventing Aliasing. Under certain conditions, a waveform may be aliased on screen. Read the following description about aliasing and the suggestions for preventing it.
Acquiring Waveforms To Set Acquisition Modes Overview H Turn on Waveform Database mode to capture more data. H Try adjusting the horizontal scale for proper waveform display. H Try pushing the AUTOSET button. H Try switching the acquisition to Envelope mode. Envelope searches for samples with the highest and lowest values over multiple acquisitions and can detect faster signal components over time. H Turn on PeakDetect acquisition mode.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set acquisition modes (Cont.) Select the 3. acquisition mode Control elements and resources Touch an Acquisition Mode button to set the acquisition mode; choose from the following modes: H Sample H Peak Detect H Hi Res H Envelope H Average H Waveform Database For Average and Envelope modes only, select the number of acquisitions to average or envelope. For Waveform Database mode, select the number of samples desired.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set acquisition modes (Cont.) Control elements and resources To select To select real-time sampling, interpolated real-time sampling, real-time or or equivalent-time sampling: equivalenttime sampling 6. Touch the Horiz button. Select the Acquisition tab from the Horiz/Acq control window, Or select Horizontal/Acquisition Setup from the Horiz/Acq menu to display the Acquisition Mode control window. Select the Acquisition tab. 7.
Acquiring Waveforms To Start and Stop Acquisition Overview Use the procedure that follows to start and stop acquisition. To start and stop acquisition Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up. Triggering should also be set up. See page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup and page 3-- 71 for trigger setup. To start 2.
Acquiring Waveforms To Set Roll Mode Overview CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series: Use the procedure that follows to set up roll mode acquisitions. To set Roll Mode Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up. Triggering should also be set up. See page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup and page 3-- 71 for trigger setup. To enable roll 2. mode 3. Touch the Horiz button.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set Roll Mode (Cont.) To turn off roll 5. mode acquisitions To disable roll 6. mode 7. Control elements and resources Do the following step to stop acquisitions in roll mode: H If you are not in Single Sequence, push RUN/ STOP to stop roll mode. H If you are in Single Sequence, roll mode acquisitions stop automatically when a complete record is acquired. Touch the Horiz button.
Acquiring Waveforms Acquisition Hardware Before a signal can be acquired, it must pass through the input channel where it is scaled and digitized. Each channel has a dedicated input amplifier and digitizer as shown in Figure 3--8; each channel can produce a stream of digital data from which waveform records can be extracted. See Signal Connection and Conditioning on page 3--8 for further description of scaling, positioning, and DC offsetting of channels.
Acquiring Waveforms Acquisition Modes Waveform Record The instrument acquisition system can process the data as it is acquired, averaging or enveloping the waveform data to produce enhanced waveform records. Once the waveform record exists (enhanced or not), you can use the postprocessing capabilities of the instrument to further process that record: perform measurements, waveform math, and so on. Refer to Using the Acquisition Controls on page 3--28 for a description of the acquisition modes.
Acquiring Waveforms Sample interval First sampled and digitized point in record Trigger point Record length Horizontal delay Horizontal position Horizontal reference Figure 3- 10: The waveform record and its defining parameters As Figure 3--10 shows, the instrument acquires points in order from left to right.
Acquiring Waveforms Equivalent-Time Sampling The instrument uses equivalent time sampling to extend its sample rate beyond its real-time maximum sampling rate, but only under two conditions: H You must have selected equivalent-time in the Acquisition Setup control window. H You must have set the instrument to a sampling rate that is too fast to allow it to get enough samples with which to create a waveform record using real-time sampling.
Acquiring Waveforms Table 3- 2: Sampling mode selection Channels on1 Time 1 2 3 or 4 base2 CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, & TDS7154 ≥10 ns ≥20 ns Real-time sampling Real-time sampling Real-time sampling 5 ns Real-time sampling Real-time sampling Equivalent-Time or Interpolated Sampling 2.
Acquiring Waveforms Record points 1st Acquisition cycle 2nd Acquisition cycle 3rd Acquisition cycle nth Acquisition cycle Figure 3- 12: Equivalent-time sampling The type of equivalent-time sampling the instrument uses is called random equivalent-time sampling. Although it takes the samples sequentially in time, it takes them randomly with respect to the trigger. Random sampling occurs because the instrument sample clock runs asynchronously with respect to the input signal and the signal trigger.
Acquiring Waveforms Sin(x)/x interpolation. Sin(x)/x interpolation computes record points using a curve fit between the actual values acquired. It assumes all the interpolated points fall along that curve. Sin(x)/x is particularly useful when acquiring more rounded waveforms such as sine waves. Actually, it is appropriate for general use, although it may introduce some overshoot or undershoot in signals with fast rise times, especially if you use zoom and the waveform edges are undersampled. NOTE.
Acquiring Waveforms Using Fast Acquisition Mode CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series: This section describes how to use Fast Acquisition mode and how it differs from normal acquisition mode. Fast acquisition mode reduces the dead time between waveform acquisitions that normally occur when digitizing storage instruments (DSOs) acquire waveforms.
Acquiring Waveforms Using Fast Acquisitions Consider the mode that you want to use to acquire data: Automatic Selection. Fast Acquisitions automatically selects record length and sample rate to optimize the displayed image by optimizing live time and minimizing dead time. Fast Acquisitions selects the sample rates and record lengths and compresses them to 500 pixels to produce the maximum display content. Waveform Capture Rate.
Acquiring Waveforms Normal DSO mode 1st acquired waveform record Next acquired waveform record Dead time Next acquired waveform record Dead time Dead time Waveform memory Waveform memory Waveform memory Display Updated display Updated display Fast Acquisition mode Acquired waveform records Intensity controls Waveform memory bit maps Fast acquisitions display Intensity controls Waveform memory bit maps Intensity controls Fast acquisitions display Waveform memory bit maps Fast acquisitio
Acquiring Waveforms Fast Acquisition display Normal DSO display Figure 3- 14: Normal DSO and Fast Acquisition displays To Turn Fast Acquisitions On and Off 3- 50 Use the procedure that follows to set up Fast Acquisitions mode.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To turn Fast Acquisitions on and off Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up. Triggering should also be set up. See page page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup. To enable fast 2. acquisitions 3. mode Enable fast acquisitions in one of two ways: Push the front-panel FastAcq button. or 4. Touch the Horiz button.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To turn Fast Acquisitions on and off (Cont.) To set the 6. style Control elements and resources Touch the DISP button and select the Appearance tab. 7. Select between Vectors, Dots, or Inten Samp display styles. (Dots is the default setting when in Equivalent Time (ET) acquisition mode. Vectors is the default when not in ET acquisition mode.) 8. Select between Off, Variable, and Infinite Display Persistence. (Off is the factory default setting.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To turn Fast Acquisitions on and off (Cont.) Control elements and resources To adjust the 10. Rotate the INTENSITY knob to adjust the intensity of displayed waveforms, or touch Intensity and enter the intensity intensity value with the keypad or the multipurpose knob. Or 11. Touch the DISP button and select the Appearance tab. 12. Touch Waveform AutoBright to toggle between On and Off. H On automatically sets the intensity maximum to the value of the most frequent event.
Acquiring Waveforms To Set Display Format Overview The instrument displays waveforms in one of three formats: YT, XY, or XYZ. Use the procedure that follows to set the display format. To set display format To select the 1. format 2. Control elements and resources To set the display axis format, touch the DISP button and select the Appearance tab. Select between YT, XY, and XYZ display formats: YT. This format is the conventional instrument display format.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set display format (Cont.) To select the format (Cont.) For help 3. Control elements and resources XYZ. This format compares the voltage levels of the CH 1 (X) and CH 2 (Y) waveform records point by point as in XY format. XYZ requires Fast Acquisitions mode. The displayed waveform intensity is modulated by the CH 3 (Z) waveform record. XYZ format is not triggered.
Acquiring Waveforms Using FastFrame CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series: FastFrame is an acquisition mode that lets you capture many records in a larger record, and then view and measure each record individually. FastFrame lets you quickly capture multiple acquisitions in the acquisition memory of a single channel. Figure 3--16 shows how FastFrame combines the desired captured frames into one larger waveform.
Acquiring Waveforms FastFrame is not compatible with these features or modes: Using FastFrame Acquisitions H Equivalent Time H Histograms H Fast Acquisitions H Average H Envelope H Waveform Database Consider the following operating characteristics when using FastFrame: H You can push RUN/STOP to terminate a FastFrame sequence. If any frames were acquired, they are displayed. If no frames were acquired, the previous FastFrame waveform is displayed.
Acquiring Waveforms H To Set FastFrame Mode Overview FastFrame reduces the time required before the trigger is rearmed, while preserving the individual subrecords, a detail lost in Fast Acquisitions which writes all acquired records to a single pixel map. Use the procedure that follows to set up FastFrame mode acquisitions. To set FastFrame mode Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The horizontal and vertical controls must be set up. Triggering should also be set up.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview To set FastFrame mode (Cont.) Set frame 5. count Control elements and resources Touch Frame Count, and enter the number of frames to acquire per waveform record. Frame count is the number of acquisitions to store in the acquisition memory of the channel. If the product of the record length and the frame count exceeds the available memory, the instrument will reduce the record length or frame count in size such that the product will fit the amount of memory available.
Acquiring Waveforms Time Stamping Frames Overview Use Time Stamps to display the absolute trigger time for a specific frame and the relative time between triggers of two specified frames. To start FastFrame Time Stamps, do the following steps: Time stamping frames Prerequisites 1. 2. Turn readouts 3. on or off Control elements and resources FastFrame mode should be set up as described in the previous example. Turn on FastFrame as described on page 3-- 58.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview Time stamping frames (Cont.) Select the 4. reference frame Control elements and resources In the Time Stamps controls, touch Source and select the source of the reference frame. 5. In the Time Stamps controls, touch Frame and use the general purpose knob or keypad to enter the number of the reference frame. This value sets the starting frame when measuring the relative time between two frames. Select the FastFrame and time stamps 6.
Acquiring Waveforms Overview Time stamping frames (Cont.) Control elements and resources To lock the 10. Touch the Horiz button. Select the Acquisition tab from the Horiz/Acq control window. Touch FastFrame Setup reference to display the FastFrame Setup control window. position frames Note. You can also get the FastFrame Setup control window by pushing the Set Up button on the Selection Controls window. 11. Touch either Frame Tracking Live or All to lock the reference and position frames together.
Acquiring Waveforms O/E Converter CSA7000 Series: The O/E converter converts the optical signal to an electrical signal for use in the instrument. Figure 3--18 on page 3--64 shows the input and output connectors. This section describes the front panel, connecting to the circuit under test, how to select the optical wavelength, and explains optical bandwidth. CAUTION. To avoid damaging your instrument, replace the protective cap on the input connector when the Optical Input is not in use.
Acquiring Waveforms Attenuating Optical Signals To keep the optical input power to an appropriate level, it may be necessary to attenuate the optical signal. CAUTION. To avoid damaging the optical input, to maintain the levels within performance range, and to avoid clipping; attenuate optical signals to less than that listed in Absolute maximum nondestructive optical input on page A--34 and Maximum nonsaturating linear response to transient input on page A--34.
Acquiring Waveforms RECOVERED CLOCK. This output is synchronous with the incoming data signal. A sample of the input data is routed to the serial clock recovery circuit. Recovered clock is available when using either optical or electrical signals. NOTE. If no signal (or an inappropriate signal) is applied to the front panel, the recovered clock and data will oscillate. ELECTRICAL OUT. This output is the electrical output from the O/E converter.
Acquiring Waveforms O/E-to-SMA Adapter Cleaning Optical Connectors Use the O/E-to-SMA adapter if you need to connect the Electrical Out of the optical-to-electrical converter to input channels other than CH1, or if you need to connect the output to other equipment. Store the O/E-to-SMA adapter on the front of the O/E Electrical Out-to-Ch1 Input adapter. Small dust particles and oils can easily contaminate optical connectors and reduce or block the signal.
Acquiring Waveforms 3. Spray the clean compressed air on the connectors to remove any loose particles or moisture. 4. Moisten a clean optical swab with isopropyl alcohol, and then lightly swab the surfaces of the connectors. 5. Spray the clean compressed air on the connectors again to remove any loose particles or isopropyl alcohol. 6. Blow clean compressed air through the UCI adapter before replacing it.
Acquiring Waveforms Figure 3- 20: Vertical setup menu with optical controls First select Ch1 in the Waveform section of the menu. Then touch the Wavelength button that matches your system. You select the mask, bandwidth, and Bessel-Thompson filter appropriate for your optical standard using the Masks menus. If the Bessel-Thompson filter is on, the instrument is a reference receiver.
Acquiring Waveforms For electrical bandwidths the reference of a system is commonly the response of the system to a sinusoidal frequency at or near DC. The point at which the system response is one half would therefore be: Ꮛresponse0.
Acquiring Waveforms The V(f) is the frequency at which the vertical swing is one half (0.5) the V(DC) not 0.707. The optical bandwidth therefore corresponds to the traditional electrical bandwidth of --6 dB. During testing of optical systems by impulse testing, the resulting impulse waveform is converted to frequency by Fourier transform and the bandwidth is defined as --3 dB = 10 log(vertical swing at frequency / vertical swing at DC).
Triggering To properly acquire data, that is, to use the instrument to sample a signal and digitize it into a waveform record that you want to measure or otherwise process, you need to set up the trigger conditions. This section provides background on, and the procedures for using, the basic elements of triggering: source, holdoff, mode, and so on.
Triggering Storage Acquisition system Input Display Wfm transform system Trigger Horizontal timebase Triggering Concepts Triggers determine when the instrument stops acquiring and displays a waveform. They help create meaningful waveforms from unstable jumbles or blank screens. (See Figure 3--21.) The instrument has simple edge triggers as well as a variety of advanced triggers you can use.
Triggering The Trigger Event The trigger event establishes the time-zero point in the waveform record. All points in the record are located in time with respect to that point. The instrument continuously acquires and retains enough sample points to fill the pretrigger portion of the waveform record (that part of the waveform that is displayed before, or to the left of, the triggering event on screen).
Triggering Trigger Modes 3- 74 H Advanced triggers are a collection of trigger types that are primarily used with digital signals to detect specific conditions. The glitch, runt, width, transition, and timeout types trigger on unique properties of pulses that you can specify. The pattern and state types trigger on logic combinations of several signals. The setup/hold type triggers on the relative timing between two signals. The advanced triggers are available on the A (Main) trigger only.
Triggering Be aware that auto mode, when forcing triggers in the absence of valid triggering events, does not synchronize the waveform on the display. See the Automatic trigger mode part of Figure 3--22. Successive acquisitions will not be triggered at the same point on the waveform; therefore, the waveform will appear to roll across the screen. Of course, if valid triggers occur the display will become stable on screen.
Triggering CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS6000 Series: Random holdoff selects a new random holdoff time for each acquisition cycle. Random holdoff is only available when A only, Edge triggering is selected. Rather than helping the instrument synchronize on a particular feature of a pulse train, random holdoff prevents synchronization, helping to reveal features of some pulse trains.
Triggering Horizontal Position Horizontal position is adjustable and defines where on the waveform record the trigger occurs. It lets you choose how much the instrument acquires before and after the trigger event. The part of the record that occurs before the trigger is the pretrigger portion. The part that occurs after the trigger is the posttrigger portion. When horizontal delay is off, the reference marker shows the trigger position in the waveform.
Triggering Delayed Trigger System You can trigger with the A (Main) trigger system alone or you can combine the A (Main) trigger with the B (Delayed) trigger to trigger on sequential events. When using sequential triggering, the A trigger event arms the trigger system and then the B trigger event triggers the instrument when the B trigger conditions are met. A and B triggers can (and typically do) have separate sources.
Triggering Overview Triggering from the front panel (Cont.) To select the 2. trigger type Push the EDGE button to select edge type triggering. To select the 3. trigger slope Push the TRIGGER SLOPE button to toggle between POS and NEG: Control elements and resources Push ADVANCED to bring up the Trigger control window where you can select and set up other trigger types.
Triggering Overview Triggering from the front panel (Cont.) To set to 50% 5. Control elements and resources To quickly obtain an edge, glitch, or width trigger, push the trigger LEVEL knob. The instrument sets the trigger level to the halfway point between the peaks of the trigger signal. This function has no effect for the other advanced trigger types. You can also set the level to 50% in the Trigger control window.
Triggering Overview Triggering from the front panel (Cont.) To set the 7. trigger coupling To select the 8. trigger mode Control elements and resources Push the up and down arrow buttons to toggle through the possible trigger couplings: H DC passes all (both AC and DC components) of the input signal. H AC passes only the AC components of an input signal. H HF REJ attenuates signals above 30 kHz. H LF REJ attenuates signals below 80 kHz.
Triggering To Check Trigger Status Overview To see the state and setup of the triggering circuit, use the trigger status lights, readout, and screen. To check trigger status Trigger status 1. from trigger status lights Trigger status 2. from acquisition readout Control elements and resources To quickly determine trigger status, check the three status lights TRIG’D, READY, and ARM in the Trigger control area.
Triggering Overview To check trigger status (Cont.) Trigger 3. location and level from display To see the trigger point and level on the waveform display, check the graphic indicators Trigger Point and Trigger Level Indicator. Control elements and resources Trigger point indicator shows the trigger position on the waveform record. Both the trigger point indicator and level bar are displayed from the Display menu. See Customizing the Display on page 3-- 138 for more information.
Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters Control elements and resources To set holdoff You can change the holdoff time to help stabilize triggering. See Trigger Modes and Trigger Holdoff beginning on page 3-- 74 for a description of trigger holdoff. To set holdoff, do the following steps: 1. Push the ADVANCED button, and select the Mode tab. 2. Select Auto, Time, or Random: 3.
Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) To select a 1. preset trigger level Control elements and resources Push the ADVANCED button, and select the A Event tab. 2. Select a Trigger Type, such as Edge, that uses a level adjustment. 3. Select Level and click the keyboard icon to display the keyboard. Select either TTL, ECL, or USER: H TTL fixes the trigger level at +1.4 V. H ECL fixes the trigger level at - 1.3 V. H USER fixes the trigger level at the USER preset voltage.
Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) To define new 1. trigger level presets 2. If the Menu Bar is not displayed, touch the Menu button to display the Menu Bar. To define new 1. trigger level presets 2. If the Menu Bar is not displayed, touch the Menu button to display the Menu Bar. 3. Select the Keypad Defaults tab. Select a Trigger Level, and adjust the Trigger Level preset using the multipurpose knob or keypad. 4.
Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) To force a 1. trigger Push the ADVANCED front-panel button to display the trigger control window. 2. Select the A Event or B Event tab, and select the Edge trigger type. 3. To force the instrument to immediately acquire one waveform record even without a trigger event, touch the Force Trigger button. Control elements and resources Forcing a trigger is useful when in normal trigger mode and the input signal is not supplying a valid trigger.
Triggering Overview Additional trigger parameters (Cont.) To single trigger 1. 2. Control elements and resources To trigger on the next valid trigger event and then stop, push the SINGLE front-panel button. Push the SINGLE button each time you want to initiate the single sequence of acquisitions. To leave Single Trigger mode, push the front-panel RUN/STOP button. The exact function of the SINGLE button depends on the acquisition mode.
Triggering You can check the advanced trigger status in the readout. The readout indicates the trigger type and then shows sources, levels, or any other parameters that are important for the particular trigger type. Figure 3--25 shows an example readout for the state trigger type.
Triggering Transition Trigger. A transition (slew rate) trigger occurs when the trigger source detects a pulse edge that transitions (slews) between two amplitude levels at a rate faster or slower than you specify. The instrument can trigger on positive or negative transitions. You can also think of transition triggering as triggering based on the slope (change in voltage/change in time) of a pulse edge. Timeout Trigger.
Triggering Table 3- 5: Pattern and state logic Pattern Definition1, 2 State AND Clocked AND If all the preconditions selected for the logic inputs3 are TRUE, then the instrument triggers. NAND Clocked NAND If not all of the preconditions selected for the logic inputs3 are TRUE, then the instrument triggers. OR Clocked OR If any of the preconditions selected for the logic inputs3 are TRUE, then the instrument triggers.
Triggering Setup/Hold Trigger. A setup/hold trigger occurs when a logic input changes state inside of the setup and hold times relative to the clock.
Triggering TS = Setup time TH = Hold time Setup/Hold violation zone = TS + TH TS + TH must be ≥ +2 ns Setup/Hold violation zone +TS +TH Clock level Clock signal Setup/Hold violation zone - TS +TH Clock level Clock signal Setup/Hold violation zone +TS - TH Clock level Clock signal Positive TS; Negative TH Negative TS; Positive TH Figure 3- 26: Violation zones for Setup/Hold triggering CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual 3- 93
Triggering To Trigger on a Glitch Overview To trigger on a glitch Prerequisites 1. Select glitch 2. triggering 3. The instrument must be installed with a signal connected to an input channel. Acquisition system should be set to Run, and the vertical and horizontal controls should be set appropriately for the signal to be acquired. Control elements and resources See page 3-- 26 for acquisition setup From the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the A Event tab of the Trigger control window. Touch Glitch.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a glitch (Cont.) Set to trigger if 7. width Set the level 8. Control elements and resources To specify whether to trigger on glitches narrower or greater than the width you specify, touch < or >: H Trig if Width < will trigger only on pulses narrower than the width you specified. H Trig if Width > will trigger only on pulses wider than the specified width.
Triggering To Trigger on a Runt Pulse Overview When you select the type Runt, the instrument will trigger on a short pulse that crosses one threshold but fails to cross a second threshold before recrossing the first. To set up for runt triggering, do the following procedures. To trigger on a runt pulse Select runt 1. triggering 2. Select the 3. source Control elements and resources From the toolbar, touch Trig and select the A Event tab of the Trigger control window. Touch Runt.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a runt pulse (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set to trigger To determine how wide a runt pulse the instrument will trigger when on: 5. 6. Touch Trigger When Runt and select from the list: H Occurs triggers on all runt pulses regardless of width. H Wider triggers only on runt pulses that exceed the width you set. Enter the width using the general purpose knob or keypad.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a runt pulse (Cont.) Set the 7. thresholds Control elements and resources To set the two threshold levels used in detecting a runt pulse, touch Upper Limit or Lower Limit, and use the multipurpose knob or keypad to set the values for the upper and lower thresholds. Note. To use the trigger bar to set the threshold levels, touch the Disp button, select the Objects tab, and then touch Long to display the long trigger bar. Note the position of the trigger indicator.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a runt pulse (Cont.) To set mode 8. and holdoff Control elements and resources Mode and holdoff can be set for all standard trigger types. See To set holdoff on page 3-- 84 and To select the the trigger mode on page 3-- 81 for mode and holdoff setup. To learn more about trigger mode and holdoff, see Trigger Modes on page 3-- 74 and Trigger Holdoff on page 3-- 75.
Triggering Overview Trigger based on pulse width (Cont.) Select the 4. polarity Control elements and resources To specify the polarity of the pulse, touch Pos (positive) or Neg (negative) from the window: H Pos looks at positive-going pulses. H Neg looks at negative-going pulses. Set to trigger To set the range of widths (in units of time) the trigger source when will search for and to specify whether to trigger on pulses that are outside this range or within this range, do the following steps: 5.
Triggering Overview Trigger based on pulse width (Cont.) To set mode 8. and holdoff Control elements and resources Mode and holdoff can be set for all standard trigger types. See To set holdoff on page 3-- 84 and To select the trigger mode on page 3-- 81 for mode and holdoff setup. To learn more about trigger mode and holdoff, see Trigger Modes on page 3-- 74 and Trigger Holdoff on page 3-- 75.
Triggering Overview To trigger based on transition time (Cont.) Select polarity 4. Control elements and resources To specify the direction of the pulse edge, touch Polarity and select Pos (positive), Neg (negative) or Either from the window: H Pos monitors the transition time (slew rate) of the positive-going edges of pulses. The edge must first cross the lower threshold and then cross the upper threshold. H Neg monitors the transition time (slew rate) of the negative-going edges of pulses.
Triggering Overview To trigger based on transition time (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set to trigger The instrument compares the pulse edge of the trigger when source against the transition time (slew rate) set by the upper and lower threshold settings and the delta time set in the window. To select whether to trigger on edges with transitions times (slew rates) faster than or slower than that set by these controls, do the following step: 7.
Triggering Trigger Based on Pulse Timeout Overview Trigger based on pulse timeout Select timeout 1. triggering 2. Select the 3. source Set to trigger 4. when 3- 104 When you select the type Timeout, the instrument will trigger if a pulse transition does not occur within a specified time limit. That is, the trigger will occur when, depending on the polarity that you select, the signal stays higher or stays lower than the trigger level for the timeout value.
Triggering Overview Trigger based on pulse timeout (Cont.) Set the timer 5. To set the timeout timer, touch Timer and use the multipurpose knob or keyboard to set the time. Set the level 6. To set the Level, touch Level and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the timeout trigger level. Control elements and resources Note. You can set the level to a value appropriate to either TTL or ECL logic families. To do so, touch Level, and select the keypad; touch either TTL or ECL. To set mode 7.
Triggering Overview Trigger on a pattern (Cont.) To Trigger on a 2. pattern 3. To define 4. pattern inputs To set 5. thresholds To define the 6. logic 3- 106 Control elements and resources From the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the A Event tab of the Trigger control window. Touch Pattern. To set the logic state for each of the input channels (Ch1, Ch2, . . .), touch each Input Threshold, and select either High (H), Low (L), or don’t care (X) from the menu.
Triggering Overview Trigger on a pattern (Cont.) To set trigger 7. when Control elements and resources To choose to trigger when the logic condition is met (goes TRUE) or when the logic condition is not met (goes FALSE), touch Trigger When Pattern, and select False, Less Than, More Than, or True from the list. The list items More Than and Less Than are used to time qualify a pattern trigger. See the procedure To define a time qualified pattern trigger that follows for instructions. To set mode 8.
Triggering Overview Trigger on a pattern (Cont.) Control elements and resources To define a time You can time qualify a pattern logic trigger. That is, you qualified pattern specify a time that the boolean logic function (AND, NAND, trigger OR, or NOR) must be TRUE. To specify the time limit as well as the type of time qualification (More Than or Less Than the time limit specified) for a pattern trigger, do the following step: 9.
Triggering To Trigger on a State Overview When you select the type State, the instrument uses channel 4 as a clock and triggers on a logic circuit made from the rest of the channels (page 3--91 describes how state triggers work). To use state triggering, do the following procedures. To trigger on a state Select state trig- 1. gering 2. From the toolbar, touch Trig and select the A Event tab of the Trigger control window. Touch State. Define inputs 3.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a state (Cont.) Set trigger 6. when Control elements and resources To choose to trigger when the logic condition is met (goes TRUE) or when the logic condition is not met (goes FALSE), touch Trigger When Pattern and select False or True from the list. For the simplest operation, leave this control set to TRUE. Setting the control to FALSE complements the output of the chosen pattern function, for example, from AND to NAND or NOR to OR. To set mode 7.
Triggering Overview To trigger on setup/hold time violations (Cont.) Define the data 3. source Control elements and resources To select the channel that is to contain the data signal, touch Data Source, and select the source from the list. Note. Do not select the same channel for both the data and clock sources. Define the clock 4. source and edge To select the channel that is to contain the clock signal and the edge to use to clock, touch Clock Source, and select the source from the list.
Triggering Overview To trigger on setup/hold time violations (Cont.) Control elements and resources Set the setup To set the setup time and the hold time relative to the clock: and hold times 8. Touch Setup Time and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the setup time. 9. Touch Hold Time, and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the hold time. See Figure 3-- 27 on page 3-- 113. Positive setup time always leads the clock edge; positive hold time always follows the clocking edge.
Triggering Cursors measure the setup/hold violation zone which equals setup time + hold time (30 ns). The instrument recognizes the violation and triggers at the clock edge. Data (Ch1) transition occurs within 14.88 ns after the clock violating the hold time limit. Figure 3- 27: Triggering on a Setup/Hold time violation Sequential Triggering In applications that involve two or more signals, you may be able to use sequential triggering to capture more complex events.
Triggering Using Sequential Triggering Read the following topics; they provide details that can help prevent false steps in setting up to trigger on your waveforms. Trigger Sources. In most cases, it makes sense to set separate trigger sources for the A (Main) and B (Delayed) triggers. Line is not available as a source for the B trigger. Trigger Types. When using sequential triggering, the A trigger must be set to one of the following types: Edge, Glitch, or Width. The B trigger is always Edge type.
Triggering Triggering with Horizontal Delay Off. Figure 3--28 compares the sequential trigger choices A-Only, Trig After Time, and Trig on nth Event when horizontal delay is off. Each illustration shows where pretrigger and posttrigger data is acquired relative to the trigger event.
Triggering Triggering with Horizontal Delay On. You can use horizontal delay when you want to acquire a waveform record that is separated from the trigger event by a significant interval of time. The horizontal delay function can be used with any trigger setup. You can turn horizontal delay on and off from the front panel, the Horizontal/Acquisition control window, and many of the Trigger control windows.
Triggering The flow diagram in Figure 3--30 summarizes all combinations of triggering and horizontal delay.
Triggering To Trigger on a Sequence Overview To trigger on a sequence Prerequisites 1. To trigger on 1. a (main) only 2. 3- 118 Use the procedure that follows when setting up the instrument to trigger on a sequence. For more information, display online help while performing the procedure. The instrument must be installed with a signal connected to an input channel.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) To trigger on 1. B after time Control elements and resources To set the time base to run after an A trigger, a trigger delay, and a B trigger, from the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the A-- >B Seq tab of the Trigger control window 2. Touch Trig After Time. 3. To set the trigger delay, touch Trig Delay, and use the multipurpose knob or keypad to set the time. 4.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) To trigger on 1. B events 3- 120 Control elements and resources To set the time base to trigger after an A trigger and a specified number of B trigger events, from the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the A-- >B Seq tab of the Trigger control window. 2. Touch A Then B Trig on nth Event. 3. To set the number of B trigger events, touch Trig Event, and use the multipurpose knob, keyboard, or up and down arrows to set the number of events. 4.
Triggering Overview To trigger on a sequence (Cont.) To set up b 1. triggering To set the B Event trigger, from the toolbar, touch Trig, and select the B Event tab of the Trigger control window. 2. To specify which channel becomes the B trigger source, touch Source, and select the source from the list. 3. Coupling is the same as the A Trig coupling. 4. To specify the direction of the edge, touch Slope and select Pos (positive) or Neg (negative) from the window: 5. For further 6.
Triggering Comm Triggering The instrument can trigger on communication signals (optional on CSA7000 Series & TDS6000 Series). For detailed information on using comm triggering to trigger on your communications signals, see the CSA7000, TDS7000 & TDS6000 Series Options SM Serial Mask Testing and Option ST Serial Triggering User Manual.
Displaying Waveforms This instrument includes a flexible, customizable display that you can control to display the waveforms that you acquire.
Displaying Waveforms Using the Waveform Display The waveform shown below is displayed as part of the User Interface (UI) application. The UI application takes up the entire screen of the instrument, and the graticule takes up most of the UI application. Some terms that are useful in discussing the display follow. (4) Horizontal reference (2) Graticule (1) Display (3) Horizontal scale readout Figure 3- 31: Display elements (1) Display area. The area where the waveforms appear.
Displaying Waveforms (3) Horizontal-scale readout. For magnified and unmagnified waveforms. (4) Horizontal reference. A control that you can position to set the point around which channel waveforms expand and contract horizontally on screen as you change the Horizontal Scale control or push the ZOOM button. The reference is also the trigger point when the horizontal delay is 0%. Touch Screen (not shown).
Displaying Waveforms Table 3- 6: Defining and displaying waveforms Waveform Channel: Ch1 - Ch4 To define: To turn on: Channels are predefined Push the Vertical CH button to toggle the channel on or off. Reference: Ref1 - Ref4 Define an active reference waveform by: H Saving a channel, reference, or math waveform to one of locations Ref1 - Ref4. H Recalling a waveform previously saved to a file into one of locations Ref1 - Ref4.
Displaying Waveforms Table 3- 7: Operations performed based on the waveform type (Cont.) Control function Waveform supports Ch Ref1 Horizontal Scale Yes Yes Yes Horizontal Position Yes Yes Yes Horizontal Record Length Yes No No Quick Horizontal and Vertical Scale Adjust (Zoom) Yes Yes Yes 1 Operating notes Math Waveforms are adjusted according to the Zoom Lock setting.
Displaying Waveforms H The instrument displays a math waveform with the horizontal settings derived from the math expression that creates it. You cannot change these directly. See Creating and Using Math Waveforms on page 3--185 for more information on math waveforms. H All waveforms are displayed fit-to-screen; that is, within the horizontal divisions that the graticule provides.
Displaying Waveforms Mouse and Touch Screen Operation. In general, anything that you can do with the mouse, you can do by touching the screen, if the touch screen is on. You can select or change all menus and buttons that are displayed on screen by mouse clicks or touching the on-screen control while the touch screen is on. To Display Waveforms in the Main Graticule Overview Use the procedure that follows to become familiar with the display adjustments you can make.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To display waveforms in the main graticule (Cont.) Set horizontal 5. display parameters Related control elements and resources To make sure the main graticule is selected, push the Zoom button to toggle it off. Use the horizontal knobs to scale and position the waveform on screen and to set sample resolution. Scaled Horizontally Positioned Horizontally The Resolution knob sets the record length. (See discussion of record length on page 3-- 24.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To display waveforms in the main graticule (Cont.) Quick-adjust 8. the timebase (zoom) Related control elements and resources To quickly rescale a portion of a channel waveform so that it expands to fill the 10 divisions on screen, touch and drag across the segment of the waveform that you want to see in greater detail. Then select Zoom 1 On, Zoom 2 On, Zoom 3 On, or Zoom 4 On from the drop-down list to magnify the highlighted waveform segment. Note.
Displaying Waveforms Using with Waveforms To help you use MultiView Zoom effectively, consider how it operates on waveforms. When in zoom mode, the instrument vertically expands or contracts one waveform at a time unless zoom lock is on. Also, the instrument only vertically positions one waveform at a time when in Zoom. When zooming horizontally, Zoom expands all waveforms at the same time. When zooming horizontally or vertically, Zoom expands or contracts the waveform by the zoom scale factor.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Select zoom 2. Control elements and resources You can select zoom in two ways: H To zoom a waveform, touch and drag across the segment of the waveform that you want to see in greater detail. Then select Zoom 1 On, Zoom 2 On, Zoom 3 On, or Zoom 4 On to magnify the highlighted waveform segment in one of the 4 zoom areas. Note. The instrument displays the box-enclosed area on the waveform magnified in the graticule.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Zoom a 3. waveform 4. Control elements and resources To zoom a waveform, start by using one of two methods to select the axis that you want to adjust: H Push the HORIZ button or the VERT button to select the axis that you want to adjust in the zoom graticule. H Touch the HORIZ button or the VERT button in the control window to select which axis is controlled by the multipurpose knobs.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Set up 6. MultiView Zoom Control elements and resources To display the Zoom setup window, touch Setup in the controls window. Select the tab for the zoomed waveform area that you want to set up. Note. To reduce the Zoom setup window to the controls window, touch Controls. 7.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Checking the 9. zoom factor and position Control elements and resources To quickly determine the zoom factor and position of a zoomed waveform, check the readouts: H The Zoom setup window displays the horizontal and vertical position and zoom factor of the selected zoom area. H From the Zoom Setup window, touch the Vertical or Horizontal Position or Factor controls to assign the multipurpose knobs to the factor and position controls.
Displaying Waveforms Overview To zoom waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources To Lock and 12. To display the zoom Lock and Scroll setup window, touch Setup in the controls window. Select the Lock and Automatically Scroll tab. Scroll Zoom Areas 13. To select which zoom areas to lock, touch Zoom 1, Zoom 2, Zoom 3, or Zoom 4 to toggle the areas you want to lock on (check mark). 14. To lock control of the zoom areas selected in the previous step, touch Lock to toggle it on. 15.
Displaying Waveforms Customizing the Display Use the display customizing features this instrument provides to present the display elements — color, graticule style, waveform representation, and so on — according to your preferences. From the Color Palette, you can select temperature, spectral, or gray scale color grading of a waveform so that its data color or intensity reflects the sample density of the data in that area of the waveform.
Displaying Waveforms Table 3- 8: Customizable display elements (Cont.) Display attribute Color Palette (Record View and Waveform Database) Menu name1 Display Access Entry Colors Options Choose Normal to use system colors for best viewing. Choose Green to display variable persistence waveforms in shades of green. Choose Gray to display variable persistence waveforms in shades of gray.
Displaying Waveforms Table 3- 8: Customizable display elements (Cont.) Display attribute Display format Access Entry Menu name1 Display Appearance Disp Appearance Options CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series: Choose YT, YT XY, XY or XYZ display formats. formats For additional information see To Set Display Format on page 3-- 54.
Displaying Waveforms Persistence style is only available for live waveforms (waveforms with data that is being updated); reference waveforms are static and do not use persistence. Math waveforms use persistence if their sources are live waveforms. Interpolation.
Displaying Waveforms Overview Set display styles (Cont.) Access the 2. display setup dialog box Select the 3. display style and persistence and waveform interpolation mode 4. Related control elements and resources From the toolbar, touch Disp, and then select the Appearance tab. See right. The CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series dialog box is shown.
Displaying Waveforms Overview Set display styles (Cont.) Select a 6. persistence mode Related control elements and resources From the the Display setup control window (see right), choose a persistence mode: H Infinite Persistence to make data persist indefinitely. Waveform displays accumulate data as new waveform records acquire, resulting in a build up of data in the displayed waveforms. H Variable Persistence to make data persist momentarily, but also decay.
Displaying Waveforms Customize Graticule and Waveforms Overview Use the procedure that follows to become familiar with the display adjustments that you can make. Customizations you can make Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources Display the waveforms to be measured on screen. The waveform may be a channel, reference, or math waveform. See page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup and page 3-- 71 for trigger setup. Change 2.
Displaying Waveforms Overview Customizations you can make (Cont.) To set the 6. display 7. readout options 8. For further 9. assistance Related control elements and resources Touch the DISP button and select the Objects tab. Touch Display Date/Time to toggle between On and Off. (On displays the date and time.) Touch Display Trigger T to toggle between On and Off. (On displays the trigger T at the trigger location.
Displaying Waveforms 3- 146 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Measuring Waveforms The instrument comes equipped with cursors and automatic measurements to assist you in analyzing your waveforms. This section describes these tools and how you use them: H Taking Automatic Measurements, on page 3--148, describes how you can setup the instrument to automatically measure and display a variety of waveform parameters. See Figure 3--33. H Taking Cursor Measurements, on page 3--160, describes using cursors to make measurements on waveforms. See Figure 3--33.
Measuring Waveforms Graticule Cursors Readouts Cursor readouts Measurement readouts Figure 3- 33: Graticule, Cursor, and Automatic measurements Taking Automatic Measurements The instrument automatically takes and displays waveform measurements. This section describes how to set up the instrument to let it do the work of taking measurements for you.
Measuring Waveforms Annotate Waveforms On Screen. You can create text to mark characterization levels that each measurement uses to compute results (see Figure 3--34). See Customizing the Display on page 3--138, Label the Waveform on page 3--255, and Annotate Measurements on page 3--155 for additional information. Figure 3- 34: Annotated display Customize Measurements.
Measuring Waveforms Measure Part of a Waveform. You can feed the entire waveform to a measurement or limit the measurement to a segment of the waveform. By default, the instrument takes each automatic measurement over the entire waveform record, but you can use measurement gates and zoom to localize each measurement to a section of a waveform (see To Localize a Measurement on page 3--159). Select Measurement Sources. Select from these measurement sources: channel, Reference, and math waveforms.
Measuring Waveforms High/Low Method. The levels that the automatic measurement system derives as the High (Top) or Low (Bottom) for a waveform influence the fidelity of amplitude and aberration measurements. You can select among the modes the instrument provides for determining these levels. You can set the modes differently for each measurement: H Histogram. Sets the values statistically.
Measuring Waveforms H Noise. (Optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) Tells the instrument if the noise measurement is at the top or the bottom of the eye diagram. H Signal Type. (Optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) Lets the instrument know if the signal to be measured is a pulse waveform or an eye diagram. Reference Levels Method. A second set of levels affect the fidelity of time-related measurements, the Hi, Mid, and Lo references.
Measuring Waveforms The High and Low levels from which the reference levels are calculated are the levels established using the selected Hi/Low method described on page 3--151. To Take Automatic Measurements Overview Use the procedure that follows to quickly take a measurement based on the default settings for High/Low and for reference-levels. To take automatic measurements Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources Obtain a stable display of the waveform to be measured.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Take 4. automatic measurements From the Measurement setup control window, select the Ampl, Time, More, Histog, or Comm (optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) tab that contains the measurement that you want to take. 5. Touch the button for the measurement that you want to take. For a list of the measurements this instrument can take, see Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Display 9. measurement statistics Related control elements and resources From the Measurements setup control window, touch Setup Statistics. 10. From the Statistics control window, select Off, Mean, or All. H Off. Turns off measurement statistics H Mean. Displays the mean of measurements H All. Displays the Mean, Min, Max, and Standard Deviation of measurements 11.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Show more 14. To select the amount of annotation detail shown with a measurement, from the menu bar touch Utilities, User annotation Preferences, and then select the Measurement tab to detail display the Annotation Type setup window. 15. From the window select either the Standard or Detailed annotation type. Selecting Detailed displays more annotations than selecting standard. Set 16.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set 18. To select how the instrument determines the base and top of the waveform, touch Determine Base, Top Form measurement Min-Max, Histogram, or Histogram mean. reference levels (Cont.) H Min-max. Uses the highest and lowest values of the waveform record.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To take automatic measurements (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Take a 21. From the Measurement setup control window, touch the Snapshot button (Comm Snapshot button if the Comm snapshot of tab is selected) to display a window of all single measurements waveform measurements or Comm measurements (optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series). Note: Snapshot measurements are taken on the selected waveform.
Measuring Waveforms To Localize a Measurement Overview Use the procedure that follows to take a measurement over a segment of the waveform (otherwise, the entire waveform is included in the measurement). To gate a measurement Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources Set up as from last procedure. See To Take Automatic Measurements on page 3-- 153 Access gating 2. From the toolbar, select Meas, and then select Gating from the Measurement setup control window. See right.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To gate a measurement (Cont.) Enable and 3. position the gates Related control elements and resources To select how to control the gated area, touch Measurement Gating Cursor, Zoom 1, Zoom 2, Zoom 3, Zoom 4, or Off: Gate G1 H Cursor. Sets the gated area to the area between the cursors. Use the multipurpose knobs to adjust the cursors on screen such that the area to measure is between the cursors. H Zoom 1 - 4.
Measuring Waveforms You can measure time or amplitude or both. Vertical cursors measure time or distance on screen, horizontal cursors measure voltage or amplitude, and waveform and screen cursors measure both. Table 3--9 expands on these definitions. Table 3- 9: Cursor functions (types) Cursor function Parameter measured Cursor readout Horizontal cursors measure amplitude (volts, watts).
Measuring Waveforms Using Cursors Cursor operation is easy, you move the cursors on screen and read the results in the cursor readouts. The following key points will help you use the cursors effectively: Cursor Types. The cursor types are described in Table 3--9 on page 3--161. There are two cursors displayed for all types, Cursor 1 and Cursor 2. You can move cursors with the multipurpose knobs or the cursor position controls in the Cursor Setup control window. + 3 divisions at 100 mv/div.
Measuring Waveforms After you have selected the source from the Cursors Setup control window, you can operate the cursor from the front-panel knobs and buttons. Cursors Treat Sources Independently. Each cursor can take a different, independent source, with each source having its own amplitude scale.
Measuring Waveforms Horizontal reference = 0% First point in record Trigger point of cursor source Cursor readout (tn) = Delay + Horizontal divisions × sec/div Cursor Figure 3- 38: Components determining Time cursor readout values Note that a vertical cursor readout includes and varies directly with the Time-toFirst-Point component, which varies directly with the horizontal position set for the timebase. To see the amount of time to the first point, set Horizontal DELAY to 0.
Measuring Waveforms Table 3- 10: Cursor units Cursors Standard units1 Readout names Horizontal volts, watts V1, V2, ∆V Vertical seconds, bits T1, Τ2, ∆T, F1, F2, ∆F Waveform, Screen volts, watts, seconds, bits V1, V2, ∆V, T1, T2, ∆T 1 If the V1 and V2 units do not match, the ∆V readout defaults to the units used by the V1 readout. Multipurpose knobs.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To set the cursor sources (Cont.) Display the 2. cursor controls window Select the 3. cursor sources Related control elements and resources Push the CURSORS front-panel button, or from the toolbar, touch Cursors. From the Cursor Source menu, select the channel, math, or reference tab and then the waveform to take cursor measurements on (see right).
Measuring Waveforms Overview To set the cursor sources (Cont.) Set cursor 6. tracking 7. Related control elements and resources To change the cursor tracking mode, from the Cursor controls window select Setup. Touch Track Mode Indep or Tracking: H Indep. Makes each cursor positionable without regard to the position of the other cursor. H Tracking. Makes both cursors move in unison and maintain a fixed horizontal or vertical distance between each other. 8.
Measuring Waveforms Taking Histograms The instrument can display histograms constructed from the selected waveform data. You can display both vertical (voltage) and horizontal (time) histograms, but only one at a time. Use histogram measurements to get statistical measurement data for a section of a waveform along one axis.
Measuring Waveforms A histogram source can be any waveform (channel or math), including a reference waveform. In addition to using limit controls to set histogram box boundaries, you can also use standard Windows drag-and-drop to resize and reposition the histogram box. Histograms are not available in FastFrame, Record View XY, or Zoom modes. Using Histograms Histogram Size. The maximum vertical histogram size is 200. The maximum horizontal size is 500. Histogram Counting Stays On.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To start and reset histogram counting (Cont.) Set, display, and 3. reset histogram source and type Select either the Source Ch, Math, or Ref tab and then select the waveform source for the histogram. 4. Touch either Histogram Mode Horiz or Vert to start histogram counting and display the histogram data: H Horiz. Displays a horizontal histogram that shows how time varies in the histogram box H Vert.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To start and reset histogram counting (Cont.) Set histogram 9. limit controls Related control elements and resources Touch Adjust Histogram Box Limits, and use the Top Limit, Bottom Limit, Left Limit, and Right Limit controls to set the size of the histogram box. The histogram box selects the section of the waveform used for histograms. 10. Touch Adjust Histogram Box Location, and use the X Location and Y Location controls to set the location of the histogram box.
Measuring Waveforms To Compensate the Instrument Overview To compensate the instrument so that it can take accurate measurements based on the ambient temperature, use the procedure that follows. To compensate the instrument Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources Instrument should be powered on. Allow a 20 minute warm up. Remove all input signals. See page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup and Power on the Instrument on page 1-- 9. Display the 2. calibration instructions Check the 3.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To compensate the instrument (Cont.) For further 6. assistance Related control elements and resources Touch the Help button to access the online assistance. See page 3--283 to learn about using online help. To Connect the Probe Calibration Fixture Overview CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, and TDS6404: To compensate or calibrate probes you must connect the Probe Calibration and Deskew Fixture to the instrument; use the procedure that follows.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To connect the probe calibration fixture (Cont.) Connect the 2. fixture Related control elements and resources Connect the instrument PROBE COMPENSATION output to either the A or B input using the included BNC cable.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To connect the probe calibration fixture (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Connect the Warning. To avoid personal injury, use care while connecting P6139A probe probe tips to the square pins on the fixture. The ends of the Connect the probe tip and the ground lead to the two square pins are sharp. terminals as shown. Refer to these diagrams to attach your probe tip to the fixture. Refer to the ground symbols on the fixture to establish the correct polarity.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To connect the probe calibration fixture (Cont.) Related control elements and resources P6246, P6247, P6248, or P7330 P6249 or P7240 Connect the probe tip to the short pin and the probe ground to Connect the probe + input to the signal pin and the probe - input to the ground pin as the long pin as shown. shown. There is no connection to the probe ground input. TCP-202 CT-6 Snap the current probe closed around the current loop as shown.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To connect the probe calibration fixture (Cont.) For further 3. assistance To optimize the instrument gain and offset accuracy at the probe tip, see To Calibrate Probes on page 3-- 177. 4. To compensate (low-frequency) a passive probe, see To Compensate Passive Probes on page 3-- 180. 5. To compensate for timing differences (deskew) between probes, see To Deskew Channels on page 3-- 181. To Calibrate Probes Overview See page 3--283 to learn about using online help.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To calibrate probes (Cont.) Optimize gain 2. and offset accuracy 3. Related control elements and resources Connect the fixture to the instrument (see To Connect the Probe Calibration Fixture on page 3-- 173). Remove the small jumper from the fixture. 4. Connect one probe to the fixture. 5. If compensating a passive probe, first perform the To Compensate Passive Probes procedure on page 3-- 180. 6.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To calibrate probes (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Check the 11. From the toolbar, touch the VERT button to display the instrument Vertical setup control window. calibration status 12. Touch the Probe Cal button to display the vertical Probe Cal control window. 13. Select the instrument channel to which the probe is attached. 14. Check the Probe Status readout. See right. H Initialized.
Measuring Waveforms To Compensate Passive Probes Overview To compensate passive probes to ensure maximum distortion-free input to the instrument and to avoid high frequency amplitude errors, use the procedure that follows. To compensate passive probes Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources Instrument should be powered on. Allow a 20 minute warm up. See page 3-- 34 for acquisition setup and Power on the Instrument on page 1-- 9. Use adapter; 2.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To compensate passive probes (Cont.) For further 8. assistance Related control elements and resources Touch the Help button to access the online assistance. See page 3--283 to learn about using online help. To Deskew Channels You can adjust a relative time delay for each channel. This lets you align the signals to compensate for signals that may come in from cables of differing lengths.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To deskew channels (Cont.) Compensate 2. probe timing (deskew) Related control elements and resources Connect fixture to the instrument (see To Connect the Probe Calibration Fixture on page 3-- 173). CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, and TDS6404: The jumper must be installed. 3. Connect up to four probes to the fixture. 4. Display all the channels that you want to deskew. 5. Push the AUTOSET button on the instrument. 6.
Measuring Waveforms Overview To deskew channels (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Compensate 12. Touch Deskew Time and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to adjust the deskew time for that channel so probe timing that its signal aligns with the trigger position. (deskew) (Cont.) 13. Repeat steps 11 and 12 for each additional channel that you want to deskew. 14. Remove the connections. For further 15. Touch the Help button to access the online assistance.
Measuring Waveforms Serial Mask Testing The instrument provides a portfolio of masks (optional on the TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) for verifying compliance to optical and electrical standards. You can verify circuit design performance and perform interface compliance testing. Mask testing results are reported live, providing real time feedback. Mask hits are highlighted on the display and accompanied by readouts indicating the number of waveforms tested, pass/fail results, and hit counts.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Once you have acquired waveforms or taken measurements on waveforms, the instrument can mathematically combine them to create a waveform that supports your data-analysis task. For example, you might have a waveform obscured by background noise. You can obtain a cleaner waveform by subtracting the background noise from your original waveform (note that the background noise you subtract must be identical to the noise in your signal).
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Normal waveform of an impulse response FFT waveform of the magnitude response FFT waveform of the phase response Figure 3- 41: Spectral analysis of an impulse Defining Math Waveforms This instrument supports mathematical combination and functional transformations of waveforms it acquires.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms You create math waveforms to support the analysis of your channel and reference waveforms. By combining and transforming source waveforms and other data into math waveforms, you can derive the data view that your application requires. You can create math waveforms that result from: H Mathematical operations on one or several waveforms: add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Measurements—Meas1 -- Meas8 are allowed in a math definition, but not measurement functions, such as rise (Ch1). CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series: Using Math H Fast Acquisition—Math is not allowed in Fast Acquisition mode. H Roll Mode—Math is updated when acquisition is stopped. The following topics provide details that can help you create the math waveform that best supports your data-analysis tasks. How to Create.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Sources. Math Waveforms can incorporate the following sources: H Channel waveforms H Reference waveforms H Measurements (automated measurements) that measure channel, reference, histogram, or math waveforms H Math waveforms Source Dependencies.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms The syntax that follows describes valid math expressions, which can be quite complex (in excess of 100 characters long): := := | := ( ) | ( ) := | | := | ( ) := |
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Derivative waveforms are used in the measurement of slew rate of amplifiers and in educational applications. You can create a derivative math waveform and then use it as a source for another derivative waveform. The result is the second derivative of the waveform that was first differentiated.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Cursor Measurements. You can also use cursors to measure derivative waveforms. Use the same procedure as is found under Take cursor measurements on page 3--201. When using that procedure, note that the amplitude measurements on a derivative waveform will be in volts per second rather than in volt-seconds as is indicated for the integral waveform measured in the procedure. Figure 3- 44: Peak-peak amplitude measurement of a derivative waveform Offset, Position, and Scale.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Integral waveforms find use in the following applications: H Measuring power and energy, such as in switching power supplies H Characterizing mechanical transducers, as when integrating the output of an accelerometer to obtain velocity The integral math waveform, derived from the sampled waveform, is computed based on the following equation: n y(n) = scale Where: x(i) + x(i − 1) T Σ 2 i=1 x(i) is the source waveform y(n) is a point in the integral math waveform sca
Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Define a Math Waveform Overview Use the procedure that follows when defining a math waveform. Remember, you should first ensure that the sources you use exist. Acquisitions should be running or the channels should already be on, and reference waveform sources should contain saved waveforms, and so on. These sources do not have to be displayed to be used. To define a math waveform Prerequisites 1.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a math waveform (Cont.) To define/edit 5. a math expression Select a 6. function Related control elements and resources Use the control window at right to define a math expression.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Apply 10. Touch Avgs to display the Math Averaging control window. The controls in the window apply to the math averaging waveform defined by the expression. 11. Select one of the Math(x) n = controls and set the number of averages using the multipurpose knobs or keypad. This number of averages affect math waveforms if the Avg() function is used. 12.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Operations on Math Waveforms This instrument supports many of the same operations for math waveforms that it provides for channel (live) and reference waveforms. For example, you can measure math waveforms with cursors. This section introduces these operations.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Use Math Waveforms Overview The procedure that follows demonstrates some common operations that you can perform on math waveforms: To use math waveforms Prerequisites 1. Related control elements and resources The Math waveform must be defined and displayed. See the reference listed at right. See To Define a Math Waveform on page 3-- 194 Select and 2. display 3. 3- 198 Touch the Math button to display the Math control window.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To use math waveforms (Cont.) Set scale and 4. position Related control elements and resources Touch Position or Scale and use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to size and position the waveform on screen as you want it. Note. Position is in divisions, so changing the scale can make the math waveform disappear until position is also changed (the same effect happens with channel waveforms).
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To use math waveforms (Cont.) Take 5. automatic measurements Touch the Meas button, select the Math tab, and touch a math button to choose a math waveform from Math1 Math4. (See right.) 6. Select a measurement (for more information, see Taking Automatic Measurements on page 3-- 148). Related control elements and resources Click the Help button in the menu bar for more information. 3- 200 7. To display the measurement, touch Display to toggle it to on.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To use math waveforms (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Take cursor You can also use cursors to measure math waveforms. Use measurements the same procedures found under Taking Cursor Measurements on page 3-- 160. 9. From the toolbar, touch the Cursor button to display the cursors and the cursor control window. 10. Select the Math tab and touch the numbered button for the math waveform that you want to measure. 11.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Defining Spectral Math Waveforms The math capabilities of the instrument include spectrum analysis of a waveform. This section describes a spectral analyzer that allows you to control the analysis intuitively with time domain and frequency domain controls. These controls merge the time domain controls with the frequency domain controls to provide a complete spectral analyzer. Signals may be represented by their characteristics in both the time and the frequency domain.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Phase Versus Frequency: You can display phase data as a function of frequency in radians or degrees. You can zero the noise phase for magnitudes below a threshold level. Finally, you can select Phase unwrap and dθ/dω, group delay. H Spectral Averaging: You can turn on averaging in the frequency domain for phase and magnitude waveforms. H Multiple analyzer control locks: Up to four spectral analyzers may be used simultaneously.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Using the time controls. The operation of the time domain controls for the spectral analyzer is summarized by the following rules: H Duration selects the time from the beginning to the end of the acquired waveform. You may set duration using the record length control or the sample rate control. H Resolution determines the time between samples. Duration is kept constant as resolution is changed.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Resolution 0.04 ms Adjust Duration via record length Adjust Duration via sample rate Record length 25 Duration 1 ms Resolution 0.04 ms Record length 50 Resolution 0.08 ms Duration 2 ms Record length 25 Duration 2 ms Resolution 0.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Using the gate controls. Gating determines what portion of the acquired waveform is transformed into the frequency domain. The gate has a position and a width control. The gate position is the time in seconds from the trigger location to the center 50% position of the gate interval (see Figure 3--46). The position and width units are seconds.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Using the Frequency Domain controls. The gated region of the source waveform is transformed by the spectral analyzer to a spectral waveform. This may be a phase or magnitude waveform. The horizontal units are always Hz. The vertical units depend on whether phase or magnitude is selected. The frequency domain controls for the spectral waveform are span, center, and resolution bandwidth. The spectrum normally appears on the display fit to a screen width of 10 divisions.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H The gate width, of the input data, affects the resolution bandwidth (RBW). Gate width has units of seconds. The resolution bandwidth directly controls the gate width, but the numerical value is entered in units of Hz. Therefore, the time domain gate markers move as you adjust the RBW control. RBW = Window Bin Width Gate Width Where the Window Bin Width is the resolution bandwidth in units of bins. It depends on what window function is used.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Center frequency is 1.0 and span is 0.5. Gate width = 200 Increase the center frequency. Decrease the center frequency. Set center frequency back to 1 and decrease the Span. Decrease the Span again. Increase resolution by reducing Resolution BW (increasing the gate length). Increase resolution again by reducing the Resolution BW (doubling the gate length).
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Using the magnitude controls. Vertical units can be either linear or logarithmic. You can select these choices by touching the Math menu button. Then touch the Spectral Analysis Setup button. Then select the Mag tab. Then select the desired scale type from Linear, dB, or dBm. H Linear. When the spectrum is linear magnitude the vertical units are the same as the source waveform. Usually this is volts. However, it may also be watts or amperes. H dB.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms 20 dB 15 dB 10 dB 0 dB Figure 3- 48: Effects of adjusting the reference level H 20 dB Reference Level Offset. This changes the value of Ref in the equation for dB shown above. Unlike the Reference Level control, this control actually changes the output data values in the spectrum. Zero dB is shown on the display screen by the marker associated with the spectral waveform.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Real and Imaginary Magnitudes. You may set the spectral analyzer to display the linear magnitude of the real data or the imaginary data in the spectrum. This is useful if you process the spectrum off line and transform it back into a time domain trace. You could save the real and the imaginary spectrum into a reference memory. You can export the waveforms directly into Mathcad, Matlab, and Excel documents and update in real time.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Suppression Threshold. Random noise in the spectrum may have phase values over the entire range. This could make the phase display unusable. However, you can set the suppression threshold control to a level in dB. The phase of any complex spectral points with a magnitude below this threshold is set to zero. H Phase Unwrap Algorithm. The algorithm searches for the largest magnitude in the current span.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Group Delay. When the phase spectrum is a continuous function of frequency, group delay may be computed. This is true of impulse response testing where an impulse is fed into the system and the spectrum of the response of the system output is computed. Group delay measures how well a system passes a signal in terms of phase distortion. Group delay is the negative derivative of the phase with respect to frequency.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms In the time domain a window is a bell-shaped function equal in length to the gate duration. For most windows this function tapers to zero at both ends of the gate region. Before computation of the spectral transform, the window is multiplied, sample by sample, times the input data in the gate region. The window function affects the shape of the spectral analyzer response in the frequency domain.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Choice of a window. Your choice of window function will depend on the input source characteristics which you want to observe and the characteristics of the window function. The window characteristics are shown in Table 3--13. H FFT length. The FFT length is controlled so that the gate width in samples is never more than 0.8 of the FFT length. Thus, zero fill is always in effect.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Coherent gain. The gain factor normally associated with different window functions is correctly scaled into the magnitude spectrum output. Therefore, the magnitudes in the output spectrum do not change as different windows are selected. H Scallop Loss. This is the magnitude error of an FFT when the frequency of the observed signal is exactly half way between two frequency samples of the spectrum when the interpolation ratio due to zero fill of the FFT is one.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms 3- 218 H Nearest Side Lobe. This is the difference in magnitude between the spectral lobe peak in the spectrum and the next side lobe that occurs due to energy leakage. Different windows have different leakage characteristics. The more narrow the resolution bandwidth of the window, the more leakage in the spectrum. H Zero Phase Reference. This is the position in the time domain gate that is the reference point for phase in the output spectrum.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Gaussian Window. This is the default window function (see Figure 3--53). It is unique in that the time-domain shape of an exponential Gaussian function transforms into a Gaussian exponential shape in the frequency domain. This window provides optimal localization in both the time and the frequency domain. This is the filter shape most commonly used in spectrum analyzers.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Rectangular Window. This window is equal to unity (see Figure 3--54). This means the data samples in the gate are not modified before input to the spectral analyzer. This window has the narrowest resolution bandwidth of any of the windows, but it also has the most spectral leakage and the highest side lobes.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Hamming Window. This window is unique in that the time domain shape does not taper all the way to zero at the ends (see Figure 3--55). This makes it a good choice if you wanted to process the real and imaginary parts of the spectrum off line and inverse transform it back to the time domain. Because the data does not taper to zero you could then remove the effect of the window function from the result.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Hanning, Kaiser--Bessel, and Blackman--Harris Windows. These windows have various resolution bandwidths and scallop losses (see figures 3--56, 3--57, and 3--58). Choose the one that best allows you to view the signal characteristics that you are interested in. The Blackman--Harris has a low amount of energy leakage compared to the other windows. The Hanning has the narrowest resolution bandwidth, but higher side lobes.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms 1 Amplitude 0 Time - 67 dB side lobe dB 0 - 40 - 80 Frequency bins Figure 3- 57: Time and frequency graphs for the Kaiser-Bessel window CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual 3- 223
Creating and Using Math Waveforms 1 Amplitude 0 Time - 92 dB side lobe dB 0 - 40 - 80 Frequency bins Figure 3- 58: Time and frequency graphs of the Blackman-Harris window H 3- 224 Flattop2 Window. This window has the lowest scallop loss of any of the windows (see Figure 3--59). It also has a wider resolution bandwidth but lower side lobe attenuation. Also, it is unique because the time domain shape has negative values.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms 1 Amplitude 0 Time - 90 dB side lobe dB 0 - 40 - 80 - 120 Frequency bins Scallop loss is 0.0065 dB dB 0 - 0.05 - 0.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms H Tek Exponential Window. The Tek Exponential window (see Figure 3--60) was invented at Tektronix. In the time domain, it is not a symmetrical bell shape as is the case with the other windows (see Figure 3--60). Instead, it is exponential with a peak at the 20% position of the time domain gate. The frequency domain shape is triangular. Use this window for impulse response testing where the 20% position is the zero phase reference point.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Effects of trigger jitter. The instrument acquisition system has a sample clock that is asynchronous with respect to the input signal. This means that from one acquisition to the next, samples may be in a different position on the waveform with respect to the trigger. Samples may vary in position by up to one sample interval. There are only two samples per cycle of a signal that have a frequency equal to one half of the sample rate.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Set the sample rate high enough so that the signals in the spectrum appear at their correct frequency as opposed to a lower aliased frequency value. Also, complex signal shapes that have many harmonics in them, such as a triangle or square wave, can appear to be OK in the time domain when in fact many of the harmonics in that signal are aliased.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Another way to observe aliasing, if you have a variable frequency signal source, is to adjust the frequency slowly while watching the spectral display. If some of the harmonics are aliased, you will see the harmonics decreasing in frequency when they should be increasing or vice versa. Using averaging in either the time or frequency domain will make these frequency shifts more sluggish. To Take Cursor Measurements of a Spectral Math Waveform.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Select a Predefined Spectral Math Waveform Overview Use the procedure that follows to select a predefined spectral math waveform. Remember, a channel source should be acquiring or have acquired data. This source does not have to be displayed to be used. To select a predefined spectral math waveform Prerequisites 1.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms To Define a Spectral Math Waveform Overview Use the procedure that follows when defining a spectral math waveform. Remember, you should first ensure that the sources you use exist. Channel sources should be acquiring or have acquired data. These sources do not have to be displayed to be used. To define a spectral math waveform Prerequisites 1. Display the 2. math control window Select spectral 3. analysis setup Select a 4.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Display the 8. spectral waveform 3- 232 Related control elements and resources To display your spectral waveform, touch either the Apply or the OK button.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the 9. Select the Mag tab. magnitude scale 10. To select the vertical scale factor, touch dB, dBm, or Linear. The units will be dB, W, A, V, or whatever units are attached to the spectral analyzer input waveform. H dB — Magnitude is displayed using log scale, expressed in dB relative to the reference level offset.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the phase 13. Select the Phase tab. scale 14. To select the vertical scale factor, touch Degree, Radian, or GroupDelay: H Degree sets the phase units to degrees. Phase is displayed using degrees as the scale, where degrees wrap from - 180_ to +180_. H Radian sets the phase units to radians. Phase is displayed using radians as the scale, where radians wrap from - π to +π.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set time and 17. Touch the Control tab. frequency domain control 18. To allow changing time and frequency domain controls for one math waveform to change the same controls for tracking another math waveform, touch the Track Time/Freq Domain Controls buttons to toggle them on or off. Select the 19. To select the window type, touch Window Type and window type select from the list.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the The spectral analyzer center frequency and the frequency frequency span must be within the bandwidth setting determined by the domain controls sample rate. See Figure 3-- 47 on page 3-- 209 to see how a signal consisting of two sine waves looks on screen as the spectral analyzer controls are adjusted. A rectangular window was used. 20.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Set the time Time domain controls of the spectral analyzer determine the domain controls sample rate and record length of the acquisition. Front panel controls also affect the sample rate and record length, but not in the same way. These controls allow you to change the duration on the acquisition without changing the sample rate.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources Take cursor 27. From the toolbar, touch the Cursor button to display the measurements cursors and the cursor control window. 28. Select the Math tab and touch the numbered button for the spectral waveform that you want to measure. 29.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview To define a spectral math waveform (Cont.) Related control elements and resources For further 34. Touch the Help button in the toolbar to access assistance context-sensitive help on math waveforms. See Accessing Online Help on page 3-- 283 for an overview of the online help system. Spectral Math Example Overview The following procedure is an example of setting up the instrument to perform spectral analysis of a signal.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Display the 4. waveform 5. Display the 6. spectral math waveform 7. Control elements and resources From the button bar, touch Vert, and select the Chan 1 tab. Touch Offset, and using the multipurpose knobs or keypad, set the offset to 900 mV and the Ch1 Scale to 200 mV. From the button bar, touch Math, and select the Math 1 tab. Touch the Predefined Mag button.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Display the spectral math waveform (Cont.) 9. H Window Type affects the shape of the spectral analyzer response in the frequency domain; that is, the ability to resolve frequency in the output spectrum. H Gate Position sets the position of the gate on the acquired waveform. The data in the gate region is input to the spectral analyzer.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources Set up the 10. From the button bar, touch Cursors. cursors 11. To assign the cursors to the spectral analysis math waveform, touch the Cursor Source Math tab, and touch the Math 1 button. 12. Use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the Curs1 Pos to 0.0 Hz and the Curs2 Pos to 100 kHz. The cursor readout now indicates the frequency span set in step 9. 13.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources Measure the 14. Use the multipurpose knobs or keypad to set the Curs1 test results Pos to 3.0 kHz and the Curs2 Pos to 11.0 kHz. In this example, the cursors are now on the third and eleventh harmonic of the probe compensation signal. Read the frequencies from the cursor readouts. 15. Touch the Cursor Type Waveform button. Touch the Cursor 2 button and then the Math 1 button.
Creating and Using Math Waveforms Overview Spectral math example (cont.) Control elements and resources For more 16. For additional information on setting up and using information spectral math, see Defining Spectral Math Waveforms starting on page 3-- 202.
Data Input/Output This section describes the input and output capabilities of your instrument.
Data Input/Output If you do not have a keyboard connected, you can still enter comments and name setup files. The Save and Recall Setup windows include the Virtual Keyboard. When you touch or click a setup name, the instrument displays a keyboard on screen that you can use with your mouse or the touch screen to enter the setup-path name, setup-file name, and comment. The instrument excludes the following items when saving setups: H Waveforms in Ch1 to Ch4 and references (Ref1-Ref4).
Data Input/Output Avoiding Setup/Waveform Mismatches. Saved setups may contain settings inappropriate for waveforms currently in your instrument. For example, if you save a setup that displays a math waveform that is the inverse of reference 1, when you recall the setup, if the reference is empty, the math and reference waveforms are not displayed.
Data Input/Output If Count reaches 999, it is suggested that you change the base file name to Basefilename1 (for example, Risetime1) on the next save. Your next file will then be saved as Risetime1000.ext. To Save Your Setup Overview Use the procedure that follows to save a setup to one of ten internal locations, the instrument hard disk, a floppy disk, or third-party storage device. To save your setup Prerequisites 1. 2. The instrument must be powered up.
Data Input/Output Overview To save your setup (Cont.) Name your 5. setup Control elements and resources Name your setup file by either: H Accepting the default name (User) that appears in the name field. H Double-clicking in the name field and using the keyboard window to enter a new name, replacing the default file name. Note. You can use the mouse or touch screen with the virtual keyboard to type entries in the name field. H To save to a file 6.
Data Input/Output Overview To save your setup (Cont.) Name your 8. setup Control elements and resources Name your setup file by doing one of the following steps: H Accepting the default file name that appears in the File name: field. H Clicking in the File name field and typing a new name, replacing the default file name. H Clicking an existing name in the file list (if any are listed). Data in the existing file will be overwritten. Access to virtual keyboard Note.
Data Input/Output To Recall Your Setup Overview Use the procedure that follows to recall a setup to the instrument. Remember that recalling a setup replaces the existing setup, which is lost. To recall your setup Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The instrument must be powered up. You must have access to a setup saved by the instrument. Note. This procedure does not make the setup active. See Powering On the Instrument on page 1-- 9. Display the 2.
Data Input/Output Overview To recall your setup (Cont.) Select your 6. setup Control elements and resources If not selected, select *.set in the Save as type of file to include in the file listing. (Setup files are always type *.set.) Note. Only change the type if you want to temporarily see other types of files in the current directory. Otherwise, leave it set at *.set. 7. Choose your setup file by either: H Clicking an existing name in the file list.
Data Input/Output Saving and Recalling Waveforms This instrument can save any number of waveforms, limited only by the space you have to store them. By saving a waveform, you can recall it at a later time for comparison, evaluation, and documentation. This capability is helpful when you want to: H Recall a waveform for further evaluation or comparison with other waveforms. H Extend the waveform carrying capacity of the instrument.
Data Input/Output To Save Your Waveform Overview Use the procedure that follows to save a waveform or waveforms to a reference location, the instrument hard disk, CD-RW disk, a floppy disk, or third party storage device. To save a waveform Prerequisites 1. 2. The instrument must be powered up. Make sure the waveform to be saved exists; that is, your source must be a channel, an active math waveform, or an active reference. Display the waveform with the setup in which you want to save it.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Label the 5. waveform Control elements and resources If you want to label the waveform, touch Label, and use your keyboard or the pop-up keyboard to create a label for your waveform. You can label any channel, math, or reference waveform and position the label relative to the display edge and the vertical position of the waveform using the Label control window: Save the 6.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Save the 7. waveform to a file Control elements and resources To save the waveform to a file, touch the Save Wfm to File Save button, or to save all active waveforms to files, touch the Save all Wfms to Files Save button. The Save Reference Waveform As window lists all available waveforms, allows for browsing to a destination directory (saving to file), naming the waveform file, and selecting the file format. Select a 8.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Save your 10. Click the Save button to save the waveform file or waveform reference. To cancel without saving, click the Cancel button. For further 11. For more help on saving waveforms, touch the Help assistance button in the toolbar to access the contextual online help. See page 3--283 to learn about using online help. To Recall Your Waveform Use the procedure that follows to recall a waveform to a reference.
Data Input/Output Overview To recall your waveform Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The instrument must be powered up. You must have access to a waveform saved by the instrument. H Display the 2. reference control window From the tool-bar, touch Refs, and then select the Ref 1 to Ref 4 tab of the reference in which you want to recall the waveform. Recall the 3. waveform If recalling an internal reference, touch Display to toggle the display of the reference waveform on. Recall a 4.
Data Input/Output Overview To recall your waveform (Cont.) Select your 6. waveform Control elements and resources If not selected, select *.wfm in the Files of type field to force the file listing to only include these types. Use *.wfm for waveforms. Note. Only change the type if you want to temporarily see any other types of files in the current directory. Otherwise, leave it set to *.wfm. 7.
Data Input/Output To Clear References Overview You can clear individual references of data or delete waveform files. If you are sure you do not want the data a reference waveform contains, use the procedures that follow to clear it. To clear all references and setups, use Tek Secure. To clear references Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The instrument must be powered up. You must have access to a waveform saved by the instrument. H Display the 2.
Data Input/Output Overview To clear references (Cont.) Find the file 5. directory Use the Look in: drop-down list and buttons (see right) to navigate to the directory of the file to delete. Find your file 6. Select the file type in the Files of type drop-down list to force the file listing to only include these types. Use *.wfm for waveforms. Control elements and resources Note. Only change the type if you want to temporarily see any other types of files in the current directory.
Data Input/Output Exporting and Copying Waveforms This instrument also supports export of waveform data to a file. The instrument can export waveforms, images, and measurements in several formats. You can also copy waveform data to the clipboard for use with other applications. By exporting a waveform, you can use it with other analysis tools, such as spreadsheets or math-analysis applications. Waveforms export as a series of comma-separated values (CSV), which are amplitudes without units.
Data Input/Output H MathCad creates files (.DAT) in a format usable by MathCad. Note that the MathCad file is an ASCII file, the first four values of which contain header information: H The first header value holds the record length. H The second header value holds time, in seconds, between samples. H The third header value holds the trigger position (expressed as an index in the data position). H The fourth header value refers to the fractional trigger position.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Select setup for 4. export 3- 264 Control elements and resources From the menu bar, select File, and then select Export Setup to display the Export Setup control window.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Setup to export 5. images Select the Images tab to display the Images control window. 6. In the Palette window, select Color, GrayScale, or Black & White for the color palette of your exported images. 7. In the View window, select whether you want to export the Full Screen or Graticules Only. 8. In the Image window, select whether you want to export using Normal, InkSaver, or InkSaver with Enhanced Waveform Color Mode. 9.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to export 10. Select the Waveforms tab to display the Waveforms waveforms control window. 11. Touch Data Destination, and select the destination (format) of your exported waveform file (see File Formats on page 3-- 262 for information on the available formats). 12. Touch Source Waveform, and select the source of the waveform (a channel, math, or reference waveform) to export from the list. 13.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources 15. In the Waveform data range window, select the data to include in the exported files: H Samples to enter the data range of the data to include in the exported files H Save Samples between Cursors to include data between the cursors in the exported files H Save Samples in Zoom Area to include data in zoom area 1, 2, 3, or 4 in the exported files H All to include all data in the exported files 16.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Setup to export 17. Select the Measurements tab to display the Measuremeasurements ments control window. 18. Touch Data Format, and select the data format (text or numeric) from the list. 19.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources Export your file 21. To export the file, from the application menu bar, select Export. You can also attach the front-panel PRINT button to Export. Then, pressing the PRINT button will export your file. Do the following to attach the PRINT button to Export: H From the menu bar, select File, and then select Export Setup to display the Export Setup control window H Touch Set Print button to Export 22.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Name the file 24. Select the file type in the Save as type drop-down list to force the file listing to only include these types. Use *.dat for waveforms. Note. Only change the type if you want to temporarily see any other types of files in the current directory. Otherwise, leave it as set by the Export Setup control window. Control elements and resources Edit path and file name Access to virtual keyboard 25.
Data Input/Output To Use an Exported Waveform Overview How you use the exported waveform depends on your application. The following example is a simple application; the procedure is general and may require adapting for your spreadsheet or other data-analysis tool. To use exported waveforms Prerequisites 1. 2. Control elements and resources MS Excel 97 running on a PC or on the instrument. Access to a waveform exported by the instrument. H Import the 3.
Data Input/Output Overview To use exported waveforms (Cont.) Begin your 5. chart 6. Control elements and resources Click on the row or column number to select the entire row or column containing your imported waveform values (see right). Select the Chart button from the toolbar (see right) or from the Insert menu. Access the Chart Wizard Select the entire row or column Specify a 7. line-graph chart Finish the 8. chart From the Chart Wizard, make sure Built In is selected.
Data Input/Output Overview To use exported waveforms (Cont.) For further 9. assistance Control elements and resources For more help on exporting waveforms, touch the Help button in the window to access contextual online help. See page 3-- 283 to learn about accessing online help. To Copy Your Waveform Overview Use the procedure that follows to copy a waveform to the clipboard. To save a waveform Prerequisites 1. Select for copy 2.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Setup to copy 4. images 3- 274 Select the Images tab to display the Images control window. 5. In the Palette window, select Color, GrayScale, or Black & White for the color palette of your copied images. 6. In the View window, select whether you want to copy the Full Screen or Graticules Only. 7. In the Image window, select whether you want to copy using Normal or InkSaver Mode. Setup to copy 8.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Setup to copy 9. waveforms (Cont.) Control elements and resources Touch Source Waveform, and select the source of the waveform (a channel, math, or reference waveform) to copy from the list. 10. If you want waveform scale factors included in your Mathcad files, click Include waveform scale factors. 11.
Data Input/Output Overview To save a waveform (Cont.) Control elements and resources 13. CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series: If using FastFrame, select the frame range to include in the copied files: H All Frames to include all frames in the copied files H Frames to enter a range of frames to include in the copied files Setup to copy 14. Select the Measurements tab to display the Measuremeasurements ments control window. 15.
Data Input/Output Printing Waveforms You can print the display screen, including any waveforms displayed. Before you can print, you must install and set up your printer. Consult the instructions that come with your printer. Also for printer setup instructions, you can display Windows help and access its section on printers. To Print from Front Panel To print a waveform from the front panel, push the front-panel PRINT button. The display screen will print on the default printer.
Data Input/Output To Set Up the Page To set the format of the printed page, from the application menu bar select the File menu, and then select Page Setup. The instrument displays the Page Setup window shown in Figure 3--65. H Paper: select the paper size and source from the drop-down lists. H Orientation: select either Portrait or Landscape (see Figure 3--64). H Margins: set the margins you want for your page.
Data Input/Output Figure 3- 65: Page setup window To Preview the Page To preview your printout, from the application menu bar select the File menu, and then select Print Preview. The instrument displays the standard MS Windows 2000 Print Preview window shown in Figure 3--66. Access the Windows help system for more information.
Data Input/Output Figure 3- 66: Print preview window To Print Using Print Screen Pressing the Windows Print Screen key copies the currently displayed bitmap to the clipboard. This bitmap does not include the instrument waveforms or graticule. The waveforms and graticule are displayed by the graphics adapter outside of normal Windows mechanisms. The graphics adapter uses a technique similar to that used by TV weathermen.
Data Input/Output To Date/Time Stamp Hardcopies Overview You can display the current date and time on screen so that they appear on hardcopies that you print. To date and time stamp your hardcopy, do the following steps: To date/time stamp hardcopies Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The instrument must be powered on. See Powering On the Instrument on page 1-- 9. To display the 2. date and time 3. From the toolbar, touch Disp and select the Objects tab. To set the date 4.
Data Input/Output Remote Communication Remote communication is performed through the GPIB interface. Consult the online Programmer Guide for help with establishing remote communication and control of the instrument. To access the Programmer Guide, locate the Product Software CD that was shipped with the instrument. Install the CD in the personal computer that you want to use, typically your instrument controller. Follow the directions in the CD booklet.
Accessing Online Help This manual represents only part of the user assistance available to you — the online help system, integrated as part of the instrument user interface, provides quick-to-access support for operating this instrument. This section describes the help system and how to access it.
Accessing Online Help How to Use Online Help Use the procedure steps that follow to access contextual help and to learn how to search the help system for more information. Overview To use online help Prerequisites 1. Control elements and resources The instrument must be powered up and running. See Installation, page 1-- 5. For in-depth, 2. contextual overviews 3.
Accessing Online Help Overview To use online help (Cont.) Control elements and resources Touch the Minimize button in a help window to move the help out of the way so you can operate the instrument. Touch the Restore Help button to see the last help topic again. Touch a tab in a help window to navigate between the Overview and specific topics. Touch an outlined control shown in the help window to receive more specific information about the control.
Accessing Online Help Overview To use online help (Cont.) To dig deeper 4. 3- 286 Control elements and resources You can search for help using the usual methods available for help on a PC: From the menu bar, select Help, and then select Contents and Index. See right. 5. From the online help finder (see below), choose from the three tabs. 6. Click to explore the topic titles and to highlight one for display. Click the Display button to open the topic in a help window.
Accessing Online Help Overview To use online help (Cont.) To enable 7. full-text search Control elements and resources If you cannot find the information in the Contents or Index tabs of the online finder, you may want to enable full text search: From the application menu bar, select Help, and then select Contents and Index. See right. 8. From the online help finder (see below), choose the Find tab. 9. Choose the method for word list generation and select next or finish.
Accessing Online Help 3- 288 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Appendix A: Specifications This chapter contains the specifications for the CSA7000 Series Communications Signal Analyzers, the TDS7000 series Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes, and TDS6000 Series Digital Storage Oscilloscopes. All specifications are guaranteed unless labeled “typical.” Typical specifications are provided for your convenience but are not guaranteed. Specifications that are marked with the n symbol are checked in chapter four, Performance Verification, of the service manual.
Appendix A: Specifications Product and Feature Description Your instrument is shown in Table A--1. Table A- 1: Instrument models Acquisition Features Model Number of channels Bandwidth Maximum sample rate (real time) CSA7404 4 4 GHz 20 GS/s CSA7154 4 1.5 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7404 4 4 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7254 4 2.5 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7154 4 1.5 GHz 20 GS/s TDS7104 4 1 GHz 10 GS/s TDS7054 4 500 MHz 5 GS/s TDS6604 4 6 GHz 20 GS/s TDS6404 4 4 GHz 20 GS/s Separate Digitizers.
Appendix A: Specifications Acquisition Control. Acquire continuously or set up to capture single shot acquisitions. Enable or disable optional acquisition features such as equivalent time or roll mode. CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series only: Use Fast Frame acquisition to capture and time stamp many events in a rapid sequence. Horizontal Delay. Use delay when you want to acquire a signal at a significant time interval after the trigger point.
Appendix A: Specifications Digital Phosphor. CSA7000 Series & TDS7000 Series only: The instrument can clearly display intensity modulation in your signals. The instrument automatically overlays subsequent acquisitions and then decays them to simulate the writing and decay of the phosphor in an analog instrument CRT. The feature results in an intensity-graded or color-graded waveform display that shows the information in the intensity modulation. Fit to Screen.
Appendix A: Specifications Serial Triggers. Optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series, not available on TDS7104 and TDS7054. Use serial triggers to trigger on serial pattern data. Recovered Clock and Data Triggers. Use recovered clock and data internally to trigger your waveforms. They are also available externally (CSA7000 Series only). Convenience Features Autoset. Use Autoset to quickly set up the vertical, horizontal, and trigger controls for a usable display.
Appendix A: Specifications Data Storage and I/O. The instrument has a removeable hard disk drive, a CD-RW, and a floppy disk drive that can be used for storage and retrieval of data. The instrument has GPIB, USB, Centronics, and Ethernet ports for input and output to other devices. Online Help. The instrument has a complete online help system that covers all its features. The help system is context sensitive; help for the displayed control window is automatically shown if you touch the help button.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description VSWR, typical CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, & TDS7154 1.5 for fin <1 GHz 1.7 for fin <2.5 GHz 2.0 for fin <4 GHz TDS7104 & TDS7054 ≤ 1.3:1 from DC to 500 MHz, ≤ 1.5:1 from 500 MHz to 1 GHz TDS6604, & TDS6404 <100 MV/div: 1.5 for fin <2 GHz 2.0 for fin <3 GHz TDS6604: 2.5 for fin <6 GHz TDS6404: 2.5 for fin <4 GHz ≥100 MV/div: 1.1 for fin <2 GHz 1.2 for fin <3 GHz TDS6604: 1.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description nDC gain accuracy Net offset is the nominal voltage that must be applied to the channel to bring the trace to center screen. Net offset = offset - ( position × volts/division) and is expressed in volts CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254 & TDS7154 TDS7254, 2 mV/div to 3.98 mV/div (2.5% +(6% × | net offset/1V | )) 4 mV/div to 99.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description DC voltage measurement accuracy, TDS7104 & TDS7054 Measurement type DC accuracy (in volts) Absolute measurement of any waveform point, and High, Low, Max, and Min measurements ±[(1.0% × | reading - net offset | ) + offset accuracy + (0.13 div × V/div setting) + 0.6 mV] Sample acquisition mode, typical Delta voltage measurement between any ±[(1.0% × | reading | ) + (0.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Analog bandwidth with P7330 active probe, typical CSA7404 and TDS7404 DC 50 Ω coupling, Full bandwidth, operating ambient 15 °C to 30 °C, derated by 20 MHz/°C above 30 °C n Analog bandwidth TDS7104 & TDS7054 SCALE range Bandwidth 2 mV/div to 3.9 mV/div CSA7404 & TDS7404: DC to 1 GHz 4 mV/div to 9.9 mV/div CSA7404 & TDS7404: DC to 1.25 GHz ≥10 mV/div CSA7404 & TDS7404: DC to 3.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic TDS7104 & TDS7054 Description DC 50 Ω coupling, bandwidth limit set to Full SCALE range Rise time 1 mV/div to 1.99 mV/div TDS7054: 890 ps TDS7104: 800 ps 2 mV/div to 4.98 mV/div TDS7054: 800 ps TDS7104: 667 ps 5 mV/div to 9.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Step response settling errors, typical Full bandwidth CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254 & TDS7154 TDS7254, TDS7104 & TDS7054 Full bandwidth SCALE range and step amplitude Settling error at time after step 2 mV/div to 99.5 mV/div, with ≤ 1.5 V step 20 ns: ≤ 2% 1 ms: ≤ 0.1% 100 mV/div to 1 V/div, with ≤ 3 V step 20 ns: ≤ 2% 1 ms: ≤ 0.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Pulse response, peak detect, or envelope mode Sample rate setting Minimum pulse width CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, & TDS7154 2.5 GS/s or less 400 ps TDS6604 & TDS6404 2.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description n Offset accuracy Net offset is the nominal voltage that must be applied to the channel to bring the trace to center screen. Net offset = offset - ( position × volts/division). Offset accuracy is the accuracy of this voltage level. CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254 & TDS7154 TDS7254, TDS7104 & TDS7054 TDS6604 & TDS6404 SCALE range Offset accuracy 2 mV/div to 9.95 mV/div ±(0.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Effective bits, typical CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, & TDS7154 Nine division sine wave input at the indicated frequency, sampled at 50 mV/division and 20 GS/s Input frequency Effective bits 1 MHz 6.0 bits 1 GHz 5.7 bits 1.5 GHz 5.5 bits 2 GHz, CSA7404, TDS7404, & TDS7254 5.3 bits only TDS7054 TDS7104 A- 16 2.5 GHz, CSA7404, TDS7404, & TDS7254 only 5.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 2: Channel input and vertical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description TDS6604 & TDS6404 Nine division sine wave input at the indicated frequency, sampled at 50 mV/division and 20 GS/s. Input frequency Effective bits 1 MHz 6.0 bits 1 GHz 5.7 bits 2 GHz 5.3 bits 3 GHz 5.1 bits 4 GHz 4.9 bits 5 GHz 4.5 bits 6 GHz 3.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications Characteristic Description Real-time sample rate range Number of channels acquired Sample rate range 1 5 S/s to 20GS/s 2 5 S/s to 10GS/s 3 or 4 5 S/s to 5GS/s 1 1.25 S/s to 5 GS/s 2 1.25 S/s to 5 GS/s 3 or 4 1.25 S/s to 2.5 GS/s 1 1.25 S/s to 10 GS/s 2 1.25 S/s to 5 GS/s 3 or 4 1.25 S/s to 2.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Maximum record length, sample mode Depends on the number of active channels and the record length options installed. Maximum record length is less in serial trigger mode CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS7104, & TDS7054 Depends on the number of active channels and the record length options installed.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Maximum record length, HiRes mode, sample rate ≤1.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 3: Horizontal and acquisition system specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications Characteristic Description Trigger jitter, typical CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, & TDS7154 6 ps rms for low frequency, fast rise time signal TDS7104 & TDS7054 σ = 8 ps TDS6604 & TDS6404 Internal: 7ps rms for low frequency square wave with 5 div amplitude, fast rise time <200 ps, repetition rate <10 kHz Auxiliary: 10ps rms for 5 V step signal with rise time <2 ns and repetition rate <10 kHz n Edge Trigger Sensitivity CSA7404, CSA715
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Advanced trigger sensitivity, typical For vertical scale settings ≥10 mV/div and ≤1 V/div Advanced triggers: 1.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Trigger level or threshold accuracy, typical CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, & TDS7154 Edge trigger, DC coupling, for signals having rise and fall times ≤1 ns Trigger Source Accuracy Any channel ± [(2% × | setting - net offset | ) + (0.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Trigger specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Trigger position error, typical Edge trigger, DC coupling, for signals having a slew rate at the trigger point of ≥ 0.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 4: Serial Trigger specifications (optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) (Cont.) Characteristic Description Clock recovery jitter, typical <0.25% bit period + 9 ps rms for PRBS data patterns. <0.25% bit period + 8 ps rms for repeating 0011 data patterns. Clock recovery tracking/acquisition range, typical ±5% of requested baud Minimum signal amplitude needed for clock recovery, typical 1 division p-p up to 1.25 GBd 1.5 divisions p-p above 1.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 6: Input/output port specifications Characteristic Description Rear-panel I/O ports Ports located on the rear panel SVGA video port Upper video port, DB-15 female connector, connect a second monitor to use dual-monitor display mode, supports Basic requirements of PC99 specifications Scope VGA video port Lower video port, DB-15 female connector, 31.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 6: Input/output port specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description n Probe Compensator Output Front-panel BNC connector, requires Probe Cal Deskew Fixture for probe attachment Note: During probe calibration only, a relay switches a DC calibration voltage to this output in place of the 1 kHz square wave. This voltage varies from - 10 V to +10 V with a source impedance less than 1 W and short circuit current as high as 300 mA.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 6: Input/output port specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Auxiliary Output pulse width, typical Pulse width varies, 1 s minimum External reference Run SPC whenever the external reference is more than 2000 ppm different than the internal reference or the reference at which SPC was last run. Frequency range 9.8 MHz to 10.2 MHz nInput sensitivity ≥200 mVp-p Input voltage, maximum 7 Vp-p Input impedance >1.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 7: O/E converter (CSA7000 Series only) Characteristic2 Description Optical input connector Rifocs universal connector O/E wavelength range 700 nm to 1650 nm nO/E gain ≥0.27 V/mW (0.35 V/mW typical) at 780 nm ±20 nm ≥0.33 V/mW (0.40 V/mW typical) at 850 nm ±20 nm ≥0.64 V/mW (0.75 V/mW typical) at 1310 nm ±20 nm ≥0.64 V/mW (0.75 V/mW typical) at 1550 nm ±20 nm Applies to graded index multimode fiber with core diameter 62.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 7: O/E converter (CSA7000 Series only) (Cont.) Characteristic2 Description nMaximum noise output, rms CSA7404: 1310 nm and 1550 nm ≤1.1 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) 850 nm ≤2.1 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) 780 nm ≤2.6 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) CSA7154: 1310 nm and 1550 nm ≤0.85 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) 850 nm ≤1.6 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) 780 nm ≤2.0 W + (6.5% of W/div setting) O/E converter alone ≤0.85 W Optical return loss, typical With 50 m or 62.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 7: O/E converter (CSA7000 Series only) (Cont.) Characteristic2 Description Smallest average power for mask test (sensitivity), typical 1310 nm and 1550 nm: 40 W peak-to-peak. 20 W (-- 17 dBm) average power assuming 50% average duty cycle 780 nm and 850 nm: 80 W peak-to-peak.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 9: Power source specifications Characteristic Description Power consumption CSA7404, CSA7154, TDS7404, TDS7254, TDS7154, TDS7104 & TDS7054 ≤600 Watts (900 VA) TDS6604, & TDS6404 ≤400 Watts (400 VA) Source voltage and frequency 100 to 240 V 10%, 50 Hz to 60 Hz 115 V 10%, 400 Hz CAT II Fuse rating Either one of the following sizes can be used, each size requires a different fuse cap. Both fuses must be the same type. 0.25 in × 1.25 in size UL198G and CSA C22.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 10: Mechanical specifications (Cont.) Characteristic Description Dimensions Benchtop configuration Rackmount configuration (Option 1R) Cooling With front cover Without front cover 278 mm (10.95 in) height 330 mm (13 in) with feet extended 455 mm (17.9 in) width 435 mm (17.13 in) depth 277 mm (10.9 in) height 330 mm (13 in) with feet extended 455 mm (17.9 in) width 426 mm (16.75 in) depth With rack handles Without rack handles 267 mm (10.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 11: Environmental specifications (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 12: Certifications and compliances (Cont.
Appendix A: Specifications Table A- 12: Certifications and compliances (Cont.) Category Standards or description EC Declaration of Conformity Low Voltage Compliance was demonstrated to the following specification as listed in the Official Journal of the European Union: Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC EN 61010-1/A2:1995 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use. U.S.
Appendix A: Specifications A- 42 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported This appendix provides a list of all supported measurements and their definitions. An illustration showing the levels used to take measurements is also included. Table B- 1: Supported measurements and their definition Name Definition Amplitude Voltage measurement. The high value less the low value measured over the entire waveform or gated region. Amplitude = High--Low Area Area measurement (Voltage over time measurement).
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 1: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Name Definition Low The value used as 0% whenever High Ref, Mid Ref, and Low Ref values are needed (as in fall time and rise time measurements). May be calculated using either the min/max or the histogram method. With the min/max method it is the minimum value found. With the histogram method, it refers to the most common value found below the midpoint.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 1: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Name Definition Positive Overshoot Voltage measurement over the entire waveform or gated region. PositiveOvershoot = Max–High × 100% Amplitude Positive Width Timing measurement of the first pulse in the waveform or gated region. The distance (time) between MidRef (default 50%) amplitude points of a positive pulse. Rise time Timing measurement.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 1: Mask measurements and their definition (optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) Name Definition Ext Ratio The ratio of eye y topp to base. Ext Ratio = PTopmean /PBasemean Extinction Ratio % The ratio of eye y base to topp in %. Ext Ratio % = 100*(PBasemean /PTopmean ) Extinction Ratio dB The ratio of eye top to base in dB. dB Ext Ratio dB = 10*Log(PTopmean /PBasemean ) Eye y Height g The eye y height g in watts or volts.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 1: Mask measurements and their definition (optional on TDS7000 Series & TDS6000 Series) (Cont.) Name Definition S/N Ratio Ratio of the signal amplitude to the noise of the top or base of the signal as specified by the user. S/N Ratio = (PTop - PBase)/(PTopsigma or PBasesigma ) Duty Cycle Distortion The peak-to-peak time variation of the first eye crossing measured at the MidRef as a percent of the eye period.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported High. The value used as the 100% level in amplitude measurements, such as Peak and +Overshoot. High is also used to help derive the HighRef, MidRef, MidRef2, and LowRef values. Low. The value used as the 0% level in amplitude measurements, such as Peak and --Overshoot. Low is also used to help derive the HighRef, MidRef, MidRef2, and LowRef values. HighRef. The waveform high reference level, used in such measurements as fall time and rise time.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported PTop TCross1 TCross2 PCross2 PCross1 PBase Eye Aperture Figure B- 2: Eye-diagram and optical values P Values The P values include the mean and standard deviation of the vertical location of PTop and PBase.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported T1 Values T2 Values DCD Values B- 8 The T1 values are vertical and horizontal values associated with the leftmost crossing point.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Measurements Annotations Table B--2 describes the annotations for each measurement. Table B- 2: Supported measurements and their definition Measurements Annotation descriptions Amplitude Amplitude measurement annotations High Low 2 horizontal bars indicating the amplitude value. 1 horizontal bar indicating the high value. 1 horizontal bar indicating the low value. RMS 1 horizontal bar indicating the RMS value.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 2: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Time These annotations are not visible when the reference level units are absolute instead of a percentage. measurement 2 horizontal arrows facing each other at the high and low ref indicating the start and end time. annotations Rise Time In detailed mode there are 2 horizontal bars indicating the high and low.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 2: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Histogram Wfm Ct measurement annotations Hts in Box Peak Hits None None 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the peak hits. Median 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the median bin. Max 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the max bin. Min 1 vertical or horizontal bar indicating the min bin.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 2: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Comm Ext Ratio measurement annotations Ext Ratio % (Cont.) B- 12 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye top, and eye base. 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye top, and eye base. Ext Ratio (dB) 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye top, and eye base.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported Table B- 2: Supported measurements and their definition (Cont.) Measurements Annotation descriptions Comm Noise P-P measurement annotations 1 box indicating the histogram boundaries. In detailed mode, 4 horizontal arrows and 2 horizontal bars indicating the eye window left, right, top, and base. Noise RMS 1 box indicating the histogram boundaries.
Appendix B: Automatic Measurements Supported B- 14 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Both the instrument menu bar and a toolbar allow you to control instrument operation. Where possible, this manual describes operation using first, the front panel and then, the toolbar. This appendix describes functions available from the menu bar. For more information about these commands, see the online help. File Commands Table C--1 lists the commands available from the File menu on the menu bar.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 1: File menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Edit Commands Table C--2 lists the commands available from the Edit menu on the menu bar.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Vertical Commands Table C--3 lists the commands available from the Vertical menu. Table C- 3: Vertical menu commands Menu Submenu Function Vertical Setup Displays the Vertical Setup window that you use to set the position, scale, offset, termination, coupling, and bandwidth of a channel. You can also calibrate, deskew, and set the external attenuation of attached probes.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 3: Vertical menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 4: Horiz/Acq menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Run/Stop Displays the Run/Stop control window that you can use to start and stop acquisitions, control a single sequence of acquisitions, and display the acquisition status Delay Mode On Toggles horizontal delay mode on and off Roll Mode Auto Toggles roll mode on and off on instruments with this feature.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 4: Horiz/Acq menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Zoom Graticule Size 50/50% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 50/50% 80%/20% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 80/20% 100% Sets the zoom graticule split mode to 100% Size Displays the Zoom Display Area control window that you use to set the zoom graticule size Trigger Commands Table C--5 lists the commands available from the Trig menu on the menu bar.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 5: Trig menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Display Commands Table C--6 lists the commands available from the Display menu.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 6: Display menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Cursors Commands Table C--7 lists the commands available from the Cursors menu.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 8: Measure menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 8: Measure menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 9: Masks menu commands (Cont.) Menu Submenu Function Mask On Toggles the mask on or off Mask Controls Displays the Mask control window that you use to control mask pass/fail testing and display test results Mask Configure Display, AutoSet, Autofit . . .
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 10: Math menu commands (Cont.
Appendix C: Menu Bar Commands Table C- 11: Utilities menu commands (Cont.
Appendix D: Cleaning Use these procedures to clean your instrument. If additional cleaning is required, have your instrument serviced by qualified service personnel. CAUTION. To prevent getting moisture inside the instrument during external cleaning, use only enough liquid to dampen the cloth or applicator. Exterior Cleaning Clean the exterior surfaces of the chassis with a dry lint-free cloth or a softbristle brush. If any dirt remains, use a cloth or swab dipped in a 75% isopropyl alcohol solution.
Appendix D: Cleaning Flat Panel Display Cleaning The display is soft plastic and must be treated with care during cleaning. CAUTION. Improper cleaning agents or methods can damage the flat panel display. Do not use abrasive cleaners or commercial glass cleaners to clean the display. Do not spray liquids directly on the display surface. Do not scrub the display with excessive force.
Glossary AC coupling A type of signal transmission that blocks the DC component of a signal but uses the dynamic (AC) component. Accuracy The closeness of the indicated value to the true value. Acquisition The process of sampling signals from input channels, digitizing the samples into data points, and assembling the data points into a waveform record. The waveform record is stored in memory. The trigger marks time zero in that process.
Glossary Area Measurement of the waveform area taken over the entire waveform or the gated region. Expressed in mixed amplitude and time units, such as volt-seconds. Area above ground is positive; area below ground is negative. Attenuation The degree the amplitude of a signal is reduced when it passes through an attenuating device such as a probe or attenuator. That is, the ratio of the input measure to the output measure.
Glossary Control knob See Knob. Channel One type of input used for signal acquisition. The instrument has four channels. Channel/probe deskew A relative time delay for each channel. This lets you align signals to compensate for the fact that signals may come in from cables of differing length. Channel Reference Indicator The indicator on the left side of the display that points to the position around which the waveform contracts or expands when vertical scale is changed.
Glossary dB Decibel: a method of expressing power or voltage ratios. The decibel scale is logarithmic. It is often used to express the efficiency of power distribution systems when the ratio consists of the energy put into the system divided by the energy delivered (or in some cases, lost) by the system. One milliwatt of optical power is usually the optical reference for 0 dBm.
Glossary Display system The part of the instrument that shows waveforms, measurements, control windows, status, and other parameters. Dragging The act of changing your touch panel selection by moving your finger without removing it from the screen. The selection that is activated is the last one that you were touching before removing your finger. Dual Graticule A display with two graticules. Each one is half the height of the single graticule.
Glossary Fall Time A measurement of the time it takes for the trailing edge of a pulse to fall from a HighRef value (typically 90%) to a LowRef value (typically 10%) of its amplitude. Fiber Optics A method of transmitting information in which light is modulated and transmitted over high-purity, filaments of glass. The bandwidth of fiber optic cable is much greater than that of copper wire. Frequency A timing measurement that is the reciprocal of the period.
Glossary Ground (GND) coupling Coupling option that disconnects the input signal from the vertical system. Hardcopy An electronic copy of the display in a format useable by a printer or plotter. Hi Res acquisition mode An acquisition mode in which the instrument averages all samples taken during an acquisition interval to create a record point. That average results in a higher-resolution, lower-bandwidth waveform. This mode only works with real-time, non-interpolated sampling.
Glossary Initialize Setting the instrument to a completely known, default condition. Interpolation The way the instrument calculates values for record points when the instrument cannot acquire all the points for a complete record with a single trigger event. That condition occurs when the instrument is limited to real time sampling and the time base is set to a value that exceeds the effective sample rate of the instrument. The instrument has two interpolation options: linear or sin(x)/x interpolation.
Glossary Logic state trigger The instrument checks for defined combinatorial logic conditions on channels 1, 2, and 3 on a transition of channel 4 that meets the set slope and threshold conditions. If the conditions of channels 1, 2, and 3 are met then the instrument triggers. Logic pattern trigger The instrument triggers depending on the combinatorial logic condition of channels 1, 2, 3, and 4. Allowable conditions are AND, OR, NAND, and NOR.
Glossary Measurement Tracking The process of automatically adjusting the measurement parameters to reflect changes in the trace. Mesial The middle point of a range of points. The middle measurement point between proximal and distal points for timing measurements, and the intermediate height between baseline and topline for amplitude measurements. Minimum Amplitude (voltage) measurement of the minimum amplitude. Typically the most negative peak voltage. Mode A stable condition of oscillation in a laser.
Glossary Negative width A timing measurement of the distance (time) between two amplitude points — falling-edge MidRef (default 50%) and rising-edge MidRef (default 50%) — on a negative pulse. Normal trigger mode A mode on which the instrument does not acquire a waveform record unless a valid trigger event occurs. It waits for a valid trigger event before acquiring waveform data.
Glossary Persistence The amount of time a data point remains displayed. There are three persistence modes available in the instrument Variable, Infinite, and Off. Phase A timing measurement between two waveforms of the amount one leads or lags the other in time. Phase is expressed in degrees, where 360_ comprise one complete cycle of one of the waveforms. Waveforms measured should be of the same frequency or one waveform should be a harmonic of the other. Pixel A visible point on the display.
Glossary Probe An input device. Probe compensation Adjustment that improves low-frequency response of a probe. Proximal The point closest to a reference point. As used in the instrument, the beginning measurement point for timing measurements. Pulse trigger A trigger mode in which triggering occurs if the instrument finds a pulse, of the specified polarity, with a width between, or optionally outside the user-specified lower and upper time limits.
Glossary Rise time The time it takes for a leading edge of a pulse to rise from a LowRef value (typically 10%) to a HighRef value (typically 90%) of its amplitude. RMS Amplitude (voltage) measurement of the true Root Mean Square voltage. Runt trigger A mode in which the instrument triggers on a runt. A runt is a pulse that crosses one threshold but fails to cross a second threshold before recrossing the first. The crossings detected can be positive, negative, or either.
Glossary Setup/Hold trigger A mode in which the instrument triggers when a data source changes state within the setup or hold time relative to a clock source. Positive setup times precede the clock edge; positive hold times follow the clock edge. The clock edge may be the rising or falling edge. Selected waveform The waveform on which all measurements are performed, and which is affected by vertical position and scale adjustments.
Glossary Time base The set of parameters that let you define the time and horizontal axis attributes of a waveform record. The time base determines when and how long to acquire record points. Timeout trigger A trigger mode in which triggering occurs if the instrument does NOT find a pulse, of the specified polarity and level, within the specified time period. Trace The visible representation of an input signal or combination of signals. Identical to waveform.
Glossary Waveform database mode An acquisition mode that processes and displays a larger sample of data. The waveform database is a three-dimensional accumulation of source waveform data over several acquisitions. In addition to amplitude and timing information, the database includes a count of the number of times a specific waveform point has been acquired. Waveform interval The time interval between record points as displayed.
Glossary Glossary- 18 CSA7000 Series, TDS7000 Series, & TDS6000 Series Instruments User Manual
Index Symbols <, A Trigger control window, 3-- 95 >, A Trigger control window, 3-- 95 Numbers 1 recent setup file 1, C-- 2 100%, Zoom, C-- 5 50/50%, Zoom, C-- 5 80/20%, Zoom, C-- 5 A A event (main) trigger setup, C-- 7 A Only, trigger, how to set up, 3-- 118 A Only, A Trigger control window, 3-- 118 A Then B, A-- >B Seq Trigger control window, 3-- 119, 3-- 120 A Trigger holdoff, 3-- 84 level presets, 3-- 85, 3-- 86 trigger when, 3-- 108 A Trigger control window, 3-- 94, 3-- 96, 3-- 101, 3-- 104, 3-- 106,
Index Acquisition controls acquisition control background, 3-- 39 acquisition hardware, 3-- 40 acquisition modes, 3-- 41 aliasing illustrated, 3-- 33 average, 3-- 30, 3-- 35 condition, 3-- 32 envelope, 3-- 30, 3-- 35 equivalent-time sampling, 3-- 43 equivalent-time sampling, illustrated, 3-- 45 global controls, 3-- 33 Hi Res, 3-- 28, 3-- 35 intensity, 3-- 53 interleaving, 3-- 46 interpolation, 3-- 45 linear interpolation, 3-- 45 methods to check and eliminate aliasing, 3-- 33 peak detect, 3-- 28, 3-- 35 pr
Index Autoset Undo, 3-- 17 Autoset undo, C-- 3 AUX Out configuration, C-- 15 Auxiliary trigger, 3-- 73, 3-- 80 Average, 3-- 30, 3-- 35, 3-- 57 incompatible with fast acquisitions, 3-- 47 Average acquisition mode, Glossary-- 2 Averaging, Glossary-- 2 spectral math, 3-- 227 B B event (delayed) trigger setup, C-- 8 B Trig Level, A-- >B Seq Trigger control window, 3-- 120 B Trigger control window, source, 3-- 121 B trigger level, A-- >B Seq Trigger control window, 3-- 120 Backing up user files, 1-- 11 Backlig
Index Controlling data input and output, 3-- 245 Copy, C-- 3 Copy a waveform, 3-- 273 Copy setup, C-- 3 Copy waveforms, 3-- 273 Copying waveforms, 3-- 262 Coupling, 3-- 11, C-- 4 ground, Glossary-- 7 trigger, 3-- 76 Creating, emergency startup disk, 1-- 11 Creating and using math waveforms, 3-- 185 Cross-hair, graticule, 3-- 144, C-- 9 Crossing %, B-- 4, C-- 12 Cursor, 3-- 160 controls, C-- 11 measurements, 3-- 148, 3-- 160, 3-- 238 mode, C-- 11 position, 3-- 166, C-- 11 sources, 3-- 166 style, 3-- 167 tra
Index recall your waveform, 3-- 259 remote communication, 3-- 282 retaining current settings, 3-- 246 save all waveforms to files, 3-- 256 save the file, 3-- 270 save the setup, 3-- 248 save the waveform to a file, 3-- 256 save the waveform to a reference, 3-- 255 save your setup, 3-- 250 save your waveform, 3-- 257 saving and recalling a setup, 3-- 245 saving and recalling waveforms, 3-- 253 select a destination, 3-- 256, 3-- 269 select directory and name file, 3-- 256 select for copy, 3-- 273 select for
Index style, 3-- 138, C-- 9 styles, 3-- 141 system, Glossary-- 5 Display control, 3-- 125 Display control window dots, 3-- 140 infinite persistence, 3-- 140 variable persistence, 3-- 140 vectors, 3-- 140 Display controls, intensity, 3-- 53 Display menu appearance, C-- 9 color palette, C-- 10 colors, C-- 9 cross-hair, C-- 9 display date and time, C-- 10 display format, C-- 9 display persistence, C-- 9 display setup, C-- 9 display style, C-- 9 Display trigger T, C-- 10 dots, C-- 9 frame, C-- 9 full, C-- 9 gr
Index record length, 3-- 127 reference colors, 3-- 139 reset zoom, 3-- 136, 3-- 137 scale, 3-- 127 screen saver, 3-- 140 screen text, 3-- 138 select a persistence mode, 3-- 143 select the display persistence, 3-- 142 select the display style, 3-- 142 select zoom, 3-- 133 set date and time, 3-- 140 set display styles, 3-- 141 set horizontal display parameters, 3-- 130 set up MultiView zoom, 3-- 135 set up zoom, 3-- 135 set vertical display parameters, 3-- 129 setting MultiView zoom controls, 3-- 131 setting
Index Eye top, B-- 4, C-- 12 Eye width, B-- 4, C-- 12 F Fall time, B-- 1, C-- 12, Glossary-- 6 Falling edge, A Trigger control window, 3-- 109, 3-- 111 FALSE, A Trigger control window, 3-- 107, 3-- 110 Fast acquisition, 3-- 47, 3-- 57 automatic selection, 3-- 48 normal DSO and fast acquisition displays, 3-- 50 to adjust the intensity, 3-- 53 to enable fast acquisitions mode, 3-- 51 to select the color palette, 3-- 53 to select the format, 3-- 54 to set display format, 3-- 54 to set the display readout opt
Index Gating controls, 3-- 202 Gaussian window, 3-- 214, 3-- 216, 3-- 219 General purpose knob, Glossary-- 10 Glitch either trigger, Glossary-- 6 Glitch negative trigger, Glossary-- 6 Glitch setup, C-- 8 Glitch trigger, 3-- 89, C-- 7, Glossary-- 6 how to set up, 3-- 94 Glitch, A Trigger control window, 3-- 94, 3-- 95 GPIB, 3-- 282, Glossary-- 6 configuration, C-- 15 remote communication, 3-- 282 Graticule, 3-- 124, C-- 2, C-- 3, Glossary-- 6 100% zoom, C-- 7 50/50% zoom, C-- 7 80/20% zoom, C-- 7 area, 3--
Index Horizontal offset, overview, 3-- 23 Horizontal reference, 3-- 125, 3-- 128 Horizontal reference point, Glossary-- 7 Horizontal scale, 3-- 127 Horizontal scale and offset, setting up, overview, 3-- 23 Horizontal scale vs. record length vs. sample interval vs.
Index Logic, A Trigger control window, 3-- 109, 3-- 110 logic, 3-- 106 pulse, 3-- 94 Logic, main trigger menu, pulse, 3-- 101, 3-- 104 Low, B-- 2, Glossary-- 9 Low frequency compensation, 3-- 180 Low level, C-- 11 Low method, 3-- 151 M Magnitude spectrum, C-- 14 Magnitude verses frequency, 3-- 202 Main trigger menu polarity, 3-- 96, 3-- 100, 3-- 102, 3-- 121 pulse, 3-- 101, 3-- 104 Set to 50%, 3-- 80 state, 3-- 109, 3-- 110 true for less than, 3-- 108 true for more than, 3-- 108 width, 3-- 94, 3-- 97 Manu
Index crossing %, C-- 12 cycle area, C-- 12 cycle distortion, C-- 12 cycle mean, C-- 11 cycle RMS, C-- 11 delay, C-- 12 ext ratio, C-- 12 ext ratio (dB), C-- 12 ext ratio %, C-- 12 eye height, C-- 12 eye top, C-- 12 eye width, C-- 12 fall time, C-- 12 frequency, C-- 12 gating, C-- 12 high level, C-- 11 histogram measurements, C-- 13 hits in box, C-- 13 jitter 6 sigma, C-- 12 jitter pk-- pk, C-- 12 jitter rms, C-- 12 low level, C-- 11 maximum, C-- 11, C-- 13 mean, C-- 11, C-- 13 mean +-- 1 stddev, C-- 13 me
Index propagation delay, B-- 1 quality factor, B-- 5 rise time, B-- 3, Glossary-- 14 RMS, B-- 3, Glossary-- 14 S/N ratio, B-- 5 stddev, B-- 3 undershoot, Glossary-- 10 waveform count, B-- 3 width, Glossary-- 11, Glossary-- 12 Measurement accuracy, ensuring maximum, 3-- 171–3-- 184 Measurement annotation, 3-- 155 Measurement parameter, Glossary-- 9 Measurement setup, C-- 11 Measurement statistics, 3-- 155, Glossary-- 9 Measurement tracking, Glossary-- 10 Measurements, C-- 2 automated, 3-- 148 Classes of, 3-
Index split cursors, 3-- 161 standard deviation, 3-- 155 statistics, 3-- 149 take a snapshot of measurements, 3-- 158 take measurements on a frame, 3-- 150 taking automatic measurements, 3-- 148 taking cursor measurements, 3-- 160 taking histograms, 3-- 168, 3-- 184 to calibrate probes, 3-- 177 to compensate passive probes, 3-- 180 to compensate the oscilloscope, 3-- 172 to deskew channels, 3-- 181 to set the cursor sources, 3-- 165 to start and reset histogram counting, 3-- 169 to take automatic measureme
Index P Page preview, 3-- 279 Page setup, C-- 2 Palette, printing, 3-- 278 Paper, printing, 3-- 278 Pattern trigger, 3-- 90, 3-- 105 how to setup, 3-- 106 Peak detect, 3-- 28, 3-- 35 Peak detect acquisition mode, Glossary-- 11 Peak hits, B-- 3, C-- 13 Peak-to-peak, B-- 2, C-- 11, C-- 13 Peak-to-peak, Glossary-- 11 Performance verification, 1-- 13 of functions, 1-- 23 self tests, 1-- 22 performance verification, 1-- 13 Period, B-- 2, C-- 12, Glossary-- 11 Peripheral, connecting, 1-- 7 Persistence, 3-- 140 P
Index integral math waveforms, 3-- 193 Recovered clock, 3-- 63, 3-- 65, Glossary-- 13 data, 3-- 63, 3-- 64 Recovered clock, 3-- 74, 3-- 122 Rectangular window, 3-- 214, 3-- 216, 3-- 220, 3-- 235 Reference clock, 2-- 11, C-- 15 color, 3-- 139 levels, 3-- 156, 3-- 157 levels method, 3-- 152 memory, Glossary-- 13 setup, C-- 1 waveforms, C-- 1, Glossary-- 13 Reference selection, C-- 15 Reference-level calculation methods, 3-- 152 References, 3-- 150 clear, 3-- 260 clearing, 3-- 260 delete, 3-- 260 Related manu
Index Set/hold trigger, 3-- 92 Setting, Glossary-- 14 Setting acquisition controls, 3-- 26 Setting vertical range and position, 3-- 22 Setup control window, Glossary-- 14 dual display, 1-- 17 file, C-- 2 recalling, 3-- 245 saving, 3-- 245 second monitor, 1-- 17 Setup/hold setup, C-- 8 Setup/hold trigger, 3-- 92, C-- 7 how to set up, 3-- 110 maximum hold time, 3-- 92 negative setup or hold times, 3-- 92 positive setup or hold times, 3-- 92 trigger point location, 3-- 92 Shutdown, C-- 2 Shutting down, 1-- 10
Index magnitude verses frequency, 3-- 202 multiple analyzer control locks, 3-- 203 nearest side lobe, 3-- 216, 3-- 218 phase reference point, 3-- 237 phase reference position, 3-- 212 phase unwrap, 3-- 212 algorithm, 3-- 213 dejitter, 3-- 213 phase verses frequency, 3-- 203 radian, 3-- 234 real and imaginary magnitudes, 3-- 212 recognizing aliasing, 3-- 227 record length, 3-- 204, 3-- 237 Rectangular window, 3-- 214, 3-- 216, 3-- 220, 3-- 235 reducing noise, 3-- 234 reference level offset, 3-- 211 resoluti
Index T Trig events, A-- >B Seq Trigger control window, 3-- 120 Technical support, C-- 16 contact information, xvii Tek Exponential window, 3-- 214, 3-- 216, 3-- 226 Tek Secure, 3-- 260, C-- 15, Glossary-- 15 Tektronix, contacting, xvii TekVISA, 2-- 2 Temperature compensation, 3-- 171–3-- 184 Temperature grading, C-- 10 Termination, C-- 4 Test equipment, for incoming inspection procedure, 1-- 21 Text file format, 3-- 262 On screen, 3-- 138 on screen, C-- 9 Thresholds, A Trigger control window, 3-- 98, 3--
Index transition setup, C-- 8 width, C-- 7 width setup, C-- 8 Trigger overview, 3-- 71 Trigger point, defined, 3-- 41 Trigger setup, C-- 7 Trigger status lights, 3-- 82 Trigger T, 3-- 140, C-- 10 Trigger when A Trigger, 3-- 108 A Trigger control window, 3-- 107, 3-- 110 transition is <, A Trigger control window, 3-- 103 transition time >, A Trigger control window, 3-- 103 Trigger, delayed, how to set up, 3-- 119 Trigger, glitch, how to set up, 3-- 94 Trigger, runt, how to set up, 3-- 96–3-- 122 Trigger, sl
Index triggering concepts, 3-- 72 triggering from the front panel, 3-- 78 triggering with horizontal delay off, 3-- 115 triggering with horizontal delay on, 3-- 116 using sequential triggering, 3-- 114 width, 3-- 89 Triggering from the front panel, 3-- 78 True for less than, main trigger menu, 3-- 108 True for more than, main trigger menu, 3-- 108 TRUE, A Trigger control window, 3-- 107, 3-- 110 TTL, 3-- 95, 3-- 102, 3-- 105, 3-- 111 A Trigger level, 3-- 86 trigger level, 3-- 85 U Undershoot, Glossary-- 1
Index printing, 3-- 277 recalling, 3-- 253 save formats, 3-- 262 saving, 3-- 253 Waveform clipping.
