User Manual

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comes the green and the blue one. Therefore, you may need to add a current limiting resistor
with different resistances to the three pins for these colors.
Jumper Wires
Wires that connect two terminals are called jumper wires. There are v arious kinds of jumper
wires. Here w e focus on those used in breadboard. Among others, they are used to transfer
electrical signals from anywhere on the breadboard to the input/output pins of a
microcontroller.
Jumper wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the slots provided in the
breadboard, beneath w hose surface there are a few sets of parallel plates that connect the
slots in groups of row s or columns depending on the area. The "end connectors" are inserted
into the breadboard, without soldering, in the particular slots that need to be connected in
the specific prototype.
There are three types of jumper wire: Female-to-Female, Male-to-Male, and Male-to-Female.
The reason we call it Male-to-Female is because it has the outstanding tip in one end as w ell
as a sunk female end. Male-to-Male means both side are male and Female-to-Female
means both ends are female.
Male-to-Female Male-to-Male Female-to-Female
(p) (q) (r)
More than one type of them may be used in a project. The colors of the jumper wires are
different but it doesn’t mean their functions are different accordingly; it's just designed so to
better identify the connection between each circuit. The Male-to-Male and Male-to-Female
jumper wires are included in the kit. But actually only some Male-to-Male ones will be used in
the experiments. You can use the Male-to-Female wires in other experiments.
Breadboard
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. I t is used to build and test
circuits quickly before finalizing any circuit design. And it has many holes into which
components like ICs and resistors as well as jumper wires mentioned abov e can be inserted.
The breadboard allows you to easily plug in and remov e components. If there is going to be
many changes or if you just want to make a circuit quickly, it will be much quicker than
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