Getting into the details
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Contents 1 WaveLab Elements 7 Help 1 2 Getting Help 2.1 Help menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 3 Using the interface 3.1 About Tool Windows . 3.2 Adjusting Envelopes . 3.3 Command bars . . . . 3.4 Context menus . . . . 3.5 Docking windows . . 3.6 Double clicking . . . . 3.7 Dragging operations . 3.8 Playback shortcuts . . 3.9 Select-clicking . . . . 3.10 Shortcut system . . . 3.11 Sliders . . . . . . . . . 3.12 Status Bar . . . . . . . 3.
ii CONTENTS 4.6.3 Normalize Level . . . . 4.6.4 Silence Generator . . 4.6.5 Loop Tone Uniformizer 4.6.6 Pitch correction . . . . 4.6.7 Time stretching . . . . 4.6.8 Loop Tweaker . . . . . 4.6.9 Presets . . . . . . . . . 4.6.10 Rendering . . . . . . . 4.7 Presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS iii 6.3.3 Marker Window 6.3.4 CD . . . . . . . . 6.3.5 Effects . . . . . 6.3.6 Notes . . . . . . 6.4 Shared tool windows . 6.4.1 VU Meter . . . . 6.4.2 Oscilloscope . . 6.4.3 Spectroscope . 6.5 Audio Montage Colors 7 Podcasts 7.1 FTP site . . . . . . . . 7.2 Episodes menu . . . . 7.3 Publish menu . . . . . 7.4 Specific tool windows 7.4.1 File Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv CONTENTS 9.1.31 9.1.32 9.1.33 9.1.34 Pitch correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Podcast options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recording Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Remote control devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.34.1 CC121 Advanced Integration Controller 9.1.35 Rename File dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.36 CD Text Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.37 Render Montage window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1.
CONTENTS 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 v Stereo Delay . . . . . . . . . Steinberg Stereo Enhancer . Steinberg Studio EQ . . . . Steinberg VST Dynamics . . Crystal Resampler . . . . . . Leveler . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peak Master . . . . . . . . . . Silence . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal Dithering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi CONTENTS 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 13.35 13.36 13.37 13.38 13.39 13.40 13.41 13.42 13.43 13.44 13.45 13.46 13.47 13.48 13.49 13.50 13.51 13.52 13.53 13.54 13.55 13.56 13.57 13.58 13.59 13.60 13.61 13.62 13.63 13.64 13.65 13.66 13.67 13.68 13.69 13.70 13.71 13.72 13.73 13.74 13.75 13.76 13.77 Ensoniq Paris files . . . . Equalization . . . . . . . . FFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . Focused Clip . . . . . . . Formant . . . . . . . . . . FTP Site . . . . . . . . . . Headroom . . . .
Chapter 1 WaveLab Elements 7 Help Welcome to the WaveLab Elements Help browser. You can expand the tree structure in the panel on the left (under the Contents tab) to find individual Help topics. You can also use the Index and Bookmarks tabs, in addition to a powerful Search feature (under the Search tab). Please see Getting Help for more ways of using the Help browser and other help features available throughout WaveLab Elements.
2 WaveLab Elements 7 Help WaveLab Elements 7
Chapter 2 Getting Help WaveLab's detailed help system makes it easy to look up interface features and get information from within the program. There are three main types of help available: What is this? Access this by clicking on the icon, or the question mark icon in a dialog window titlebar, or by holding down [Shift]+[F1]. Once activated, the cursor changes to a question mark. Click on an interface feature for information on what it does and details of any settings/values/functions involved.
4 Getting Help Related topics Help menu Command bars 2.1 Help menu The Help menu gives you a convenient point of access to WaveLab's Help system. Help about the active window... Select this (or press [F1]/[Command]+[?]) to give help on the active window. If a dialog box is open, the dialog is described. Contents... This lists the Help contents as a "tree structure" in the Contents window.
Chapter 3 Using the interface This section gives information on interface features that may not be obvious and which may help to speed up your workflow, especially as your experience with WaveLab Elements increases. WaveLab Elements is incredibly flexible in the ways that you can set up your working environment. Interface elements can be arranged to suit your workflow, the type of project you are creating and the size and number of your displays.
6 Using the interface Switcher window Tab Groups Transport controls Value editing Workspaces Zooming and scrolling 3.1 About Tool Windows Throughout WaveLab Elements there are various tool windows available that enable you to view, analyze and edit the current active document. Generally the content of a tool window is synchronized with the active document, with the exception of the audio meters which can display information related to other documents.
3.2 Adjusting Envelopes 7 Differences between Mac and Windows Floating windows behave slightly differently on Apple Mac and Windows, due to some basic differences between the platforms: Mac - On the Mac, a tool window is always on top of all other windows and a floating window remains visible even if its dependent Workspace is not active or is minimized. If WaveLab is no longer the active application, all its floating windows are hidden.
8 Using the interface You can also use the controls at the top of the editor window to delete or reset points in the envelope. Use the envelope smoothing button to toggle the envelope points between a linear (polygonal) or a curved path. The envelope is not applied until you click "Apply". For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Level envelope Time stretching Pitch correction 3.
3.4 Context menus 9 Finding out what a Command button does Hover over an individual Command button to display its tooltip. If no tooltip appears, make sure "Show tips when mouse stays over buttons" is activated in Preferences... > Global Preferences > Display tab. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Global Preferences Customize Commands Context menus 3.
10 Using the interface Undocking a window Double-click on the title bar. This works with all tool windows, Specific and Shared. About Specific tool windows To undock a Specific tool window use one of the following methods: double-click on the title bar. click on the small double window icon which is located at the top left hand corner of the window. click and drag the window by its title bar.
3.6 Double clicking 3.6 11 Double clicking A double click is the act of pressing the mouse button twice quickly without moving the mouse. Throughout WaveLab Elements you can achieve the following by double clicking in certain places: Create a new empty document - double click on the empty part of a tab bar. See Tab Groups for more information. Edit a marker name - double click at the right side of a marker's icon (in the Audio File or Montage Workspace) above the time ruler.
12 Using the interface Many types of objects can be dragged between different source and destination locations including files, text, Clips, the playback head and markers. Tip: This help entry describes some of the most important drag and drop operations. There are many other possibilities, especially within the various list views for example where you can possibly drag from the list to an external window, drag a file into the list (to import), or reorder, these vary of course according to the context).
3.7 Dragging operations 13 Modify a selection - drag left or right to change the extent of the selection. Move the waveform - drag anywhere above the time ruler to move it horizontally. Create a marker from selected text - drop text that you have selected in an external application onto the time ruler to create a generic marker there. The text becomes the marker's name. Scroll the waveform - drag the cursor to the left or right sides of the waveform area to display the region before or after.
14 Using the interface Within the Master Section You can drag effects between different Effects slots to change the order of processing (which takes place from top to bottom). Related topics Docking windows Switcher window 3.8 Playback shortcuts Playing back audio is a common repetitive task in WaveLab Elements. In addition to the playback command buttons in the Transport controls, there are a few extra commands that can only be accessed via special keyboard shortcuts.
3.10 Shortcut system 15 Throughout WaveLab Elements there are places where you need to select-click fields to edit values. In some lists such as the Basic Audio CD window, you need to select-click cells to edit a track name or ISRC code. Generally if a value can be edited, a double click selects all characters in that cell and allows you to begin editing; if not, then try select-clicking the cell instead. Related topics Tab Groups Double clicking 3.
16 Using the interface Other shortcuts There are many other shortcuts in WaveLab Elements that are accessed using the mouse. These are described in Double clicking, Dragging operations and Tab Groups. Clicking the right button on the mouse in certain places will produce a Context menu which offers quick access to relevant commands. Related topics Customize Commands Definition of shortcut(s) Double clicking Dragging operations Tab Groups Context menus 3.
3.12 Status Bar 3.12 17 Status Bar The Status bar is normally displayed at the bottom of the screen and shows information about the active window using the units specified in the rulers. The Wave and Mouse cursor time positions are shown using the same units of time as in the rulers and dialog boxes. Level positions are always shown in dB. This information is updated depending on the cursor position and whether you have a region of audio selected.
18 Using the interface 3.13 Switcher window This small floating window allows you to switch between each of the main Workspaces in WaveLab Elements, and also to open and create documents. It is visible at all times and floats above all other windows. You can choose which Workspace buttons are visible and adjust its transparency in Global Preferences. You can resize, rotate and move the Switcher window anywhere on your monitor(s). It is useful to use a file in a different Workspace.
3.14 Tab Groups 19 Reorder the tab bar - by dragging and dropping the tab at a new position on the tab bar. Paste it into an Audio File - by dragging and dropping the tab onto the waveform display at the cursor position you want to insert the copied audio. Paste it into another application - by dropping the tab into the relevant window of the other application. The result depends on the target aplication.
20 Using the interface 3.15 Transport controls The transport controls allow you to control playback within an Audio File or montage, and to open the record window. It can be accessed via the Transport menu or the Transport toolbar. See Command bars for more information. The Transport menu gives access to (and shows keyboard shortcuts to) the same functions that are available in the transport toolbar. The Transport toolbar gives quick access to most of these functions.
3.16 Value editing 3.16 21 Value editing At various places in WaveLab Elements, numerical values can be edited using a combination of text fields and spin controls. These values are sometimes made of several parts, for example, 12 mn 30 sec 120 ms. Each value can be edited using the following methods: With the value selected, type a new value. Use the up and down arrow keys to change the value by one unit at a time. Use the page up and page down keys to change the value by several units.
22 Using the interface A Workspace is highly customizable, to match your workflow, experience and screen setups (which may vary from a studio-based multi-screen DAW to a single-screen laptop on the road). A Workspace can appear in a wide variety of styles, from a simple window with a single menu in its most uncluttered form, to a sophisticated arrangement of Command bars, tool windows, Tab groups and active meters.
3.18 Zooming and scrolling 23 Command bars Tab Groups Docking windows Switcher window 3.18 Zooming and scrolling In WaveLab Elements you can use several mouse and keyboard shortcuts for scrolling and zooming in the Audio File and Audio Montage Workspaces. Scrolling with the Mousewheel With the cursor in the wave window you can scroll the view horizontally using the mouse wheel.
24 Using the interface WaveLab Elements 7
Chapter 4 WaveLab Elements Concepts WaveLab Elements is an incredibly powerful tool and has many features which can be used for a wide variety of audio editing, mastering and mixing purposes. This section provides you with links to some of the main concepts used throughout WaveLab Elements. Understanding these concepts can help you to get the most out of WaveLab Elements. Related topics Features Overview Analysis Authoring CDs and DVDs Markers Metering Offline processing Presets Rendering 4.
26 WaveLab Elements Concepts For the first time available for both the Mac and PC platforms, ideally suited to multi- screen setups Stereo and multi-channel non-destructive editing with versatile Clip grouping over mul- tiple lanes, pencil tool (for audio restoration) Powerful real-time engine with integration of Clip-based, track-based and global effect plug-ins All major Audio File formats are supported Superior audio processors including DIRAC time stretch and pitch correction tools Loop m
4.2 Analysis 27 Spectroscope Oscilloscope Metering Audio File editing Offline processing 4.2.1 Global analysis This dialog allows you to perform advanced analysis on your audio to identify areas with specified properties. It can be used to find problem areas such as glitches or clipped samples, or just to check general information such as the pitch of a sound. How it works When you analyze a section of an Audio File, WaveLab Elements scans it and extracts information which it displays in the dialog.
28 WaveLab Elements Concepts Related topics 3D Frequency Analysis 4.2.2 3D Frequency Analysis This function in WaveLab Elements allows you to view a wave file in both the frequency and time domains. Although a wave display (time domain) tells you a lot about where one sound starts or ends in a file, for example, it doesn't tell you anything about the timbral contents of the file. A frequency graph (frequency domain) allows you to investigate the individual frequency components of an Audio File.
4.2 Analysis 4.2.3 29 VU Meter The vu-meter is used to display the peak and average loudness/decibel level of your Audio File. It also displays the pan, or the balance between the left and right channels in a stereo file. The upper part of the level/pan meter window shows the peak level and average loudness, in the following way: The Peak Level meters display the peak levels of each channel, graphically and numeri- cally.
30 WaveLab Elements Concepts Related topics Metering 4.2.5 Oscilloscope The Oscilloscope offers a highly magnified view of the waveform around the playback cursor position. If you are analyzing a stereo file, the Oscilloscope normally shows the separate levels of the two channels. However, if you activate the option "Show Sum and Subtraction" on the Functions menu (or click the +/- icon), the upper half of the Oscilloscope shows the sum of the two channels and the lower half shows the subtraction.
4.4 Markers 31 Audio CD authoring basics To begin authoring an audio CD in WaveLab Elements you simply add audio Clips to the Audio Montage Workspace to automatically create CD tracks. One audio Clip is the equivalent to one CD track, so keep this in mind when organizing your Clips. You can add Clips to an Audio Montage in a variety of ways - see Audio Montages for more information on adding audio to a montage. Each time you add a Clip a new CD track is created and appears in the CD window.
32 WaveLab Elements Concepts comments, editing, synchronizing, defining loops, and defining CD tracks.Markers can be used in pairs as well as individually to mark regions or places for future reference. Once you have defined some markers in your file you can quickly move the playhead to a marker during editing, or select the audio between two markers. Markers can also be used to identify an audio cue, or the beginning or end of a filter or effect.
4.4 Markers 33 Removing markers In the Waveform window, click on the head of the marker you want to delete. Drag the marker vertically out of the wave window - a delete symbol is shown as confirmation. You can also use the "Delete selected markers" function from the Marker Window Functions menu.
34 WaveLab Elements Concepts Related topics Marker types Marker Window 4.4.1 Marker types Markers have a variety of uses in editing and playback, such as indicating cue points, absolute time locations, highlighting "problem" sections and for visually separating tracks. Basic markers Generic markers - these are mainly used for locating certain important positions and for editing (for selecting all the audio between two points, for example). Generic markers can be created directly during recording.
4.5 Metering 35 Using meter windows There can only be one instance of each Audio Meter. For example, if you dock one meter in a Workspace, it will be automatically removed from the place where it was previously located. Audio Meters can appear in the Audio File and Audio Montage Workspaces.They can be used: as a docked window in a Workspace as an independent floating window. In this mode, it can be useful to make the window "frameless" from Window > Hide frame, to save screen space.
36 WaveLab Elements Concepts If you are monitoring real-time audio (playback or input), the maximum peak and loud- ness values are displayed numerically to the right of the meter bars. Numbers in brackets to the right of the Maximum Peak values indicate the number of successive clips (0dB signal peaks). Recording levels should be set so that they only rarely clip.
4.6 Offline processing 37 Related topics Metering 4.6 Offline processing Offline processes are used for a variety of editing purposes and creative effects. Offline processing refers to functions that are only performed when saving the file. "Offline" means the process can't be monitored during playback, either because they require too much processing power or because they require an analysis pass prior to processing.
38 WaveLab Elements Concepts Tips for using Offline Processing Processing dialogs are non-modal - meaning that they stay open and on screen even after processing has been applied. This means that you can still playback audio and access undo/redo commands to audition the results of your effect and make any further adjustments to any settings. You can also use key commands and access any other menu commands while leaving the offline process dialog open.
4.6 Offline processing 4.6.2 39 Level envelope This dialog allows you to create a volume envelope which can be applied to a selected range or a whole Audio File. This could be useful if you need to even-out loud and quiet parts, for example. You can edit the envelope by: Double clicking on the line to add a point: double click on a point to remove it. Selecting multiple points (using [Shift] click) allows you to move the selection as a group.
40 4.6.4 WaveLab Elements Concepts Silence Generator This dialog allows you to generate "silence", either by replacing an audio selection, or by specifying a duration. You can also specify a cross fade at each end of the silent region, for a smoother transition. Radio buttons determine where the silent period is placed in the audio. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via Edit > Silence (advanced)....
4.6 Offline processing 41 It can also be a useful tip to lock the loop markers after you use this command on a selection within an Audio File. Once the loop is processed in place, moving the loop markers will upset playback of the loop. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via Process > Loop Tone Uniformizer.... For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon.
42 WaveLab Elements Concepts information on each method and determine which one will produce the best time stretch without introducing unwanted artifacts. This function is useful if you want to speed up or slow down a recording to match other material, such as matching the tempo of two drum beats, or fitting an audio track to a section of video, for example. You can access this dialog from the Audio File Workspace by choosing Process > Time stretching....
4.6 Offline processing 43 is done by mixing a copy of the loop back into the audio. Use the envelope drag points or value sliders to adjust the cross fade envelope. Click Apply to process the post cross fade. Using the "Copy" button you can insert multiple copies of the loop into the active Audio File, creating a smooth audio sequence, since copies will loop without an audible transition. You can access this dialog by choosing Process > Loop Tweaker....
44 WaveLab Elements Concepts VST-2 Presets VST plug-ins have their own preset handling. When you click the preset button for this type of effect the following options are available: Load/Save Bank - this allows you to load and save complete sets of presets. The file format is compatible with Cubase. Load/Save Default Bank - this loads the default bank of presets, or saves the current set of presets as the default bank. Load/Save Effect - this loads or saves one preset at a time.
4.6 Offline processing 45 You can also find this folder by using the "Open active settings folder" link in the preferences pane. This opens your file browser to wherever the main Presets folder is currently located. Inside this Presets folder each type of preset file has its own folder. For example, all the presets for the Normalizer are stored within C:\Users\[User Name]\AppData\Roaming\Steinberg\WaveLab 7\Presets\Normalizer\ on Windows 7.
46 WaveLab Elements Concepts Rendering tips When you are new to the rendering process in WaveLab Elements there are a few things to note: when rendering a file with the default option "Bypass Master Section on resulting Audio File" selected in the Render dialog, the Master Section will be bypassed completely when the new file has finished rendering. If this option is not selected you will hear the Master Section effects being played back on top of the newly rendered effects.
4.7 Presets 47 Save/Save As... - creates a new Preset file by saving the currently selected settings to your hard disk. Explore presets... - opens the folder where any existing Presets are stored. This allows you to delete, duplicate and organize your settings into sub-folders using the flexibility of the operating system's file browser. Restore factory settings - restores the current settings to the factory default. Preset list - select a Preset from the list of those currently available.
48 WaveLab Elements Concepts any specific location of your choice. This allows you to customize it for your own re- quirements. a location relative to the application. This allows you to use the application from an USB dongle. Default locations - By default the main Presets folder is found at: Windows 7\Presets 7 - C:\Users\[User Name]\AppData\Roaming\Steinberg\WaveLab Windows XP - C:\Documents Data\Steinberg\WaveLab 7\Presets and Settings\[User Name]\Application Mac OS X - root/[User Name
4.8 Rendering 49 faders and any dithering you have set in the Master Section. In WaveLab Elements you normally use the Render function to: Mix down a file in a Wave window to a new Audio File, complete with Master Section effects, dithering and other settings. Mix down a complete Audio Montage to an Audio File. "Apply" all settings in the Master Section to a file in a Wave window.
50 WaveLab Elements Concepts WaveLab Elements 7
Chapter 5 Audio File editing The Audio File Workspace's Wave window is the heart of WaveLab's audio editing capabilities. This is where you view, play back and edit individual Audio Files. The Wave window gives you a graphical representation of an Audio File. It consists of two parts: The upper waveform (Overview) This is mainly used for navigating through long files.
52 Audio File editing Rulers There are both time and level rulers. These can be hidden and displayed (see the Ruler and Wave Display context menus). You can also set which units of time and level they show. To access the settings for both rulers, right-click anywhere on the relevant ruler. Editing Tools Precise editing of your audio is achieved in the main (lower) waveform window.
5.1 Offline processing 53 Related topics Offline processing Analysis Metering Transport controls Specific tool windows Shared tool windows Mix dialog Zoom factor Peak Files 5.1 Offline processing Offline processes are used for a variety of editing purposes and creative effects. Offline processing refers to functions that are only performed when saving the file.
54 Audio File editing Undo/Redo processing Even though offline processes appear to alter the file permanently, you can always reinstate a previous version using WaveLab's "undo" feature. The number of Undo/Redo commands is limited only by your available hard drive space. Access the Undo and Redo commands via Edit > Undo or Edit > Redo. Tips for using Offline Processing Processing dialogs are non-modal - meaning that they stay open and on screen even after processing has been applied.
5.1 Offline processing 55 Related topics Audio File editing Value editing 5.1.2 Level envelope This dialog allows you to create a volume envelope which can be applied to a selected range or a whole Audio File. This could be useful if you need to even-out loud and quiet parts, for example. You can edit the envelope by: Double clicking on the line to add a point: double click on a point to remove it. Selecting multiple points (using [Shift] click) allows you to move the selection as a group.
56 Audio File editing Related topics Audio File editing Value editing 5.1.4 Silence Generator This dialog allows you to generate "silence", either by replacing an audio selection, or by specifying a duration. You can also specify a cross fade at each end of the silent region, for a smoother transition. Radio buttons determine where the silent period is placed in the audio. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via Edit > Silence (advanced)....
5.1 Offline processing 57 2. Click on the Cross fade tab and deactivate the Cross fade option (the check box). 3. Click on the Post Cross fade tab and make sure Cross fade is activated. 4. Set up the post cross fade parameters and click Apply. It can also be a useful tip to lock the loop markers after you use this command on a selection within an Audio File. Once the loop is processed in place, moving the loop markers will upset playback of the loop.
58 Audio File editing You can view exact time information on the original audio selection you wish to stretch and choose the amount you wish to "stretch" it in seconds, beats per minute or as a percentage. You can also choose which method WaveLab uses to stretch the audio and the quality/speed of the processing. When choosing a method, it is useful to experiment with the different algorithms available to find which one suits your source material the best.
5.1 Offline processing 59 of the loop with it. This can be useful to smooth the transition between the end of a loop and its beginning - especially when using material that doesn't naturally loop. Use the envelope drag points or value sliders to adjust the cross fade envelope. Click Apply to process the cross fade. Post cross fade This tab allows you to cross fade the loop back into the audio after the end of the loop. This is done by mixing a copy of the loop back into the audio.
60 Audio File editing test and compare different settings. Select the option "Store temporarily" and from the submenu select the number under which you want to save (#1 - #5). To quickly load the saved settings again, select the corresponding number from the "Restore" submenu. VST-2 Presets VST plug-ins have their own preset handling. When you click the preset button for this type of effect the following options are available: Load/Save Bank - this allows you to load and save complete sets of presets.
5.1 Offline processing Windows XP - C:\Documents Data\Steinberg\WaveLab 7\Presets 61 and Settings\[User Name]\Application Mac OS X - root/[User Name]/Library/Prefences/WaveLab 7/Presets/ You can also find this folder by using the "Open active settings folder" link in the preferences pane. This opens your file browser to wherever the main Presets folder is currently located. Inside this Presets folder each type of preset file has its own folder.
62 Audio File editing a progress bar in the status bar.This allows you to monitor the progress of rendering, pause and if necessary cancel the rendering process. Rendering tips When you are new to the rendering process in WaveLab Elements there are a few things to note: when rendering a file with the default option "Bypass Master Section on resulting Audio File" selected in the Render dialog, the Master Section will be bypassed completely when the new file has finished rendering.
5.2 Analysis 63 Workspace > Shared tool windows. More specialized tools also exist as part of some offline processing dialogs, such as the "Find current peak level" command in the Change level dialog, or the "Eliminate DC Offset" dialog, for example. Related topics Global analysis 3D Frequency Analysis VU Meter Spectroscope Oscilloscope Metering Audio File editing Offline processing 5.2.
64 Audio File editing of analyzed audio. For all the other tabs, the analysis methods returns a series of exact points ("hot points") in the file or section of audio. Use the relevant buttons in each tab to select the "hot points" you wish to look at in more detail. Using the slider you can then browse or skip between these points, adding markers or focusing the waveform display at that particular point in the file. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via Analysis > Global Analysis....
5.2 Analysis 65 to see which parts of the audio spectrum a certain background noise occupies (for removing by filtering). for educational purposes - these graphs tell you a lot about how different sounds are "built". Related topics Frequency range Metering 5.2.3 VU Meter The vu-meter is used to display the peak and average loudness/decibel level of your Audio File. It also displays the pan, or the balance between the left and right channels in a stereo file.
66 Audio File editing 5.2.4 Spectroscope The Spectroscope shows a continuous graphical representation of the frequency spectrum, analyzed into 60 separate frequency bands, represented as vertical bars. Peak levels are shown as a short horizontal lines above the corresponding band, indicating recent peak/maximum values. The Spectroscope can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Montage Workspaces. It can be used either as a floating window, or docked in the Workspace.
5.3 Metering 67 Using meter windows There can only be one instance of each Audio Meter. For example, if you dock one meter in a Workspace, it will be automatically removed from the place where it was previously located. Audio Meters can appear in the Audio File and Audio Montage Workspaces.They can be used: as a docked window in a Workspace as an independent floating window. In this mode, it can be useful to make the window "frameless" from Window > Hide frame, to save screen space.
68 Audio File editing If you are monitoring real-time audio (playback or input), the maximum peak and loud- ness values are displayed numerically to the right of the meter bars. Numbers in brackets to the right of the Maximum Peak values indicate the number of successive clips (0dB signal peaks). Recording levels should be set so that they only rarely clip.
5.4 Transport controls 69 Related topics Metering 5.4 Transport controls The transport controls allow you to control playback within an Audio File or montage, and to open the record window. It can be accessed via the Transport menu or the Transport toolbar. See Command bars for more information. The Transport menu gives access to (and shows keyboard shortcuts to) the same functions that are available in the transport toolbar. The Transport toolbar gives quick access to most of these functions.
70 5.5 Audio File editing Specific tool windows Specific tool windows are windows that are specific to the current Workspace. They can perform useful tasks in the active Workspace. They can be docked and un-docked. Audio File Workspace specific tool windows The following specific tool windows are available within the Audio File Workspace: Metadata window Sample attributes Marker Window File Browser 5.5.
5.5 Specific tool windows 71 you time by allowing you to both edit and define a samples properties from within WaveLab Elements. You can access this dialog via Workspace > Specific tool windows > Sample Attributes.... For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics 5.5.
72 Audio File editing the Montage version compared to the Audio File version. See "Using markers in the Audio Montage Workspace" in Markers for more details. You can access this specific tool window within the Audio Files and Audio Montage Workspaces via Workspace > Specific tool windows > Markers. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Specific tool windows Markers Marker types 5.
5.6 Shared tool windows 73 Related topics Specific tool windows 5.6 Shared tool windows Shared tool windows are windows that can only exist in one place at a time and are shared between Workspaces. They perform useful tasks in the active Workspace. Shared tool windows can be docked and un-docked. Shared tool windows The following shared tool windows are available: VU Meter Oscilloscope Spectroscope Master Section Related topics About Tool Windows Metering Docking windows 5.6.
74 Audio File editing and the average of the most recent maximum RMS values (right line). To the left, the difference between the minimum and maximum average values is displayed (the level value in brackets) - this gives you an overview of the dynamic range of the audio material. If you are monitoring real-time audio (playback or input), the maximum peak and loud- ness values are displayed numerically to the right of the meter bars.
5.7 Peak Files 75 The Spectroscope can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Montage Workspaces. It can be used either as a floating window, or docked in the Workspace. Related topics Metering 5.7 Peak Files A peak file is a small file with the extension ".gpk" that is automatically created by WaveLab each time a file is modified or opened in WaveLab for the first time. The peak file contains information about the waveform and determines how it is drawn in the wave window.
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Chapter 6 Audio Montages The WaveLab Elements Audio Montage Workspace is a non-destructive editing environment that allows you to arrange, edit, play back audio Clips. Features include both track effects, volume and pan automation, and wide-ranging fade and cross fade functions. The Audio Montage is a great tool for creating music CDs, mastering, multimedia work, radio spot production, etc. You can create intricate multi-track compositions and author professional audio CDs.
78 Audio Montages to create your montage. Each Clip corresponds to a CD track and as you add Clips, their corresponding CD tracks appear in the CD window. (See "CD Preparation" below for a further explanation on creating CDs in the Audio Montage Workspace). Before you begin importing audio Clips and laying them out you need to first create at least one mono or stereo audio track.
79 Files into your montage (Insert). Dragging can be used with several editing functions in the Montage Workspace. See Dragging operations for more information. Tip: Editing multiple envelopes When editing a cross fade length with the mouse, or the envelope level, you can press [Alt]/[Option] at the same time, and this will adjust the fade of all selected Clips.
80 Audio Montages Playing back and using effects Playback in the Audio Montage works in much the same way as in the Audio File Workspace. There are however some additional points to note: Audio tracks are routed through the Master Section This allows you to add global effects to the Audio Montage or use the Render function to create a mixdown Audio File. Effects can be added to Clips Each independent Clip in the Montage can be independently processed by up to two VST effect plug-ins.
6.1 Metering 81 Shared tool windows Utilities Audio Montage Colors Clip 6.1 Metering WaveLab Elements contains a variety of audio meters to help in monitoring and analyzing audio.Meters can be used to monitor audio during playback. There are three different audio meters in WaveLab Elements, each with its own separate window. The meters are accessed via the Analysis menu, the Shared Tool windows menu, or from the Meters control bar. Using meter windows There can only be one instance of each Audio Meter.
82 Audio Montages The Peak Level meters display the peak levels of each channel, graphically and numeri- cally. By default, the meter segments and numerical peak values are displayed in green for low levels, yellow for levels between -6dB and -2dB, and red for levels above -2dB. You can change both the colors and the range boundaries if you wish via the Level/Pan Meter Settings dialog. This can be accessed through the Functions > Settings... menu, or by using the icon.
6.2 Transport controls 83 If you are analyzing a stereo file, the Oscilloscope normally shows the separate levels of the two channels. However, if you activate the option "Show Sum and Subtraction" on the Functions menu (or click the +/- icon), the upper half of the Oscilloscope shows the sum of the two channels and the lower half shows the subtraction. Making settings By opening the Settings dialog you can adjust the display colors, and choose to activate Auto-zoom or not.
84 Audio Montages Record - Opens the recording window from which you can start recording. Additional transport functions such as start, skip and stopping playback options are also available from the transport command bar. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Recording Dialog Command bars 6.
6.3 Specific tool windows 85 The playback functions Play file Once you have selected a file in the File Browser list, you can audition it by clicking Play in the File Browser's toolbar. Click again to stop. You can also have files play back automatically as soon as they are selected. Auto-play To do this, activate Auto-Play mode. Tip: To audition a long list of Audio Files, enable Auto-play and use the UP and DOWN cursor keys to step through each Audio File in quick succession.
86 Audio Montages Fade-in - provides you with a range of tools for adjusting a Clip's Fade-in curve. Fade-out - provides you with a range of tools for adjusting a Clip's Fade-out curve. Colors - up to 20 colors may be assigned to help distinguish particular Clips visually. Select a Clip then click on a color. Custom colors can be defined with great subtlety from Options > Colors...
6.3 Specific tool windows 87 Start playback - It is possible to start playback at the selected marker position, with or without pre-roll, by clicking on the leftmost icons. Click on in the "audition" column to play the wave from that marker position with a pre-roll. Click on the right hand button to play the wave exactly from the marker position. Change marker types - You can change a marker type by (left) clicking on its icon and choosing another marker type from the pop-up list that appears.
88 Audio Montages The Track list Once you have created one or more tracks, the CD window displays a list of all tracks in the currently active montage along with their corresponding properties. From this list of CD tracks you can use the fields, controls and menus to: Audition playback - It is possible to audition playback at the selected track's start time, with or without pre-roll, by clicking on the leftmost icons.
6.4 Shared tool windows 89 Each independent Clip in the Montage can be independently processed by up to two VST effect plug-ins. Effects are configured either as Inserts, when all sound is processed by the effect, or as Send effects where the balance between the unprocessed sound and the effect send level can be adjusted or controlled by effect envelope curves (clip effects only). Note that not all effects are capable of "Send", and if this feature is not available, it is disabled.
90 Audio Montages Oscilloscope Spectroscope Master Section Related topics About Tool Windows Metering Docking windows 6.4.1 VU Meter The vu-meter is used to display the peak and average loudness/decibel level of your Audio File. It also displays the pan, or the balance between the left and right channels in a stereo file.
6.5 Audio Montage Colors 6.4.2 91 Oscilloscope The Oscilloscope offers a highly magnified view of the waveform around the playback cursor position. If you are analyzing a stereo file, the Oscilloscope normally shows the separate levels of the two channels. However, if you activate the option "Show Sum and Subtraction" on the Functions menu (or click the +/- icon), the upper half of the Oscilloscope shows the sum of the two channels and the lower half shows the subtraction.
92 Audio Montages list - you are asked to confirm. You could, for example, copy "Custom 1" to "Custom 3" as a time saver, before customizing details of "Custom 3". Color settings made in this dialog apply to all montages. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon.
Chapter 7 Podcasts About Podcasts Once set up, you can produce high quality audio podcast episodes directly from WaveLab Elements. Audio podcasts are ordered and commented sets of digital Audio Files, generally in the form of 'episodes' with a consistent theme or presenter. Episodes may be downloaded from the Internet, usually via an automated feed.
94 Podcasts Adding information to the Podcast The upper pane of the Podcast window shows various fields and settings that are related to the basic Feed or Episode, depending on what you have selected in the lower pane's item list (the fields are slightly different for the Feed and Episodes). Field labels in bold letters point at a field that is mandatory to fill. For quick publishing of your Podcast it is sufficient to fill these fields only.
7.1 FTP site 7.1 95 FTP site This dialog allows you to enter information for uploading your Podcast and all related files to an online FTP server. You must specify all log-in details for your FTP site, the relative path to your podcast XML file and the web site address where the link to your Podcast is found, including the path to the feed. If in doubt about your FTP settings they can normally be supplied by your ISP. You can access this dialog via Publish > FTP Site... in the Podcast Workspace.
96 Podcasts Uploading the Podcast Once you have specified the FTP site settings, uploading the Podcast is rather simple by using the functions in the Podcast window's Publish menu. Update all items on FTP This uploads/updates the XML Podcast file on the FTP; it also uploads all items' media files, but only if they are not already present on the FTP. This is the most common function to upload and update your Podcast.
7.4 Specific tool windows 97 Podcast Workspace specific tool windows The following specific tool windows are available within the Podcast Workspace: File Browser 7.4.1 File Browser This dialog allows you to browse files directly from within WaveLab Elements rather than using your operating system's file browser.
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Chapter 8 Master Section The Master section contains WaveLab's "Real Time Engine" and is the final element in the signal path, before your audio material is passed on to the audio hardware, or before it is rendered to disk as an Audio File. The Master section is where you can set the master volume level and add effects processors. The Master Section is a "shared tool window". This means there is a unique instance of it: it can only show up at one place at a time.
100 Master Section Settings menu - provides access to various options. Rendering functions - brings up the Render Wave window. This allows you to process the Audio File or Audio Montage with the effects you have selected and create a temporary or final Audio File. By rendering the effects, they become a permanent part of the file, rather than using them in real-time to test a set of effects on the file. The rendering options differ slightly so they are appropriate for Audio Files and Audio Montages.
8.2 Render Montage window 101 You can select options for which regions of the session are rendered, whether to create a new file or process in place, and whether to mute the effects chain when finished. You can also choose to copy marker locations to the new file. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via the Master Section window. Render button from the For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon.
102 Master Section If you use your own file structure to organize and store VST Plug-ins, this dialog allows you to have full control over which ones are loaded or not. This can be particularly useful if you want to disable a particular plug-in that you suspect of not functioning properly, or to only load a certain set of plug-ins for a specific project, for example. You can access this dialog from the Master Section via Options > VST Plug-in settings....
Chapter 9 Interface Elements This section contains links to all of the dialogs and windows within WaveLab Elements. Related topics Dialogs Shared tool windows Specific tool windows 9.1 Dialogs There are many dialog windows within WaveLab Elements that allow you to access all its features and processing power. You can get help on a particular dialog by using the Help button from within the dialog. Using the "What's this?" tool will help you to access detailed information on a dialog's parameters.
104 Interface Elements Folder Preferences dialog Frequency range FTP site Change Level File attributes (OGG/WMA) Global analysis Import Audio CD Level envelope Loop Tone Uniformizer Global Preferences Save Master Section Preset Audio Montage Preferences Adjust CD Pauses MP2 encoding MP3 attributes MP3 encoding Normalize Level OGG encoding Mix dialog Pitch correction Podcast options Recording Dialog Remote control devices Rename File dialog CD Text Editor Render Montage window Render Wave window Sample att
9.1 Dialogs 105 Time Format dialog Time stretching File attributes Audio File editing preferences Write Audio CD WMA encoding Write Data CD/DVD Loop Tweaker Zoom factor 9.1.1 Insert link This dialog allows you to insert a hyperlink to a web page in your podcast episode description. In "Title" enter the text that will form the active link. In "URL" enter the Uniform Resource Locator (i.e. web address) you wish it to open when clicked. Remember to include the full URL, for example: http://www.
106 Interface Elements Related topics Presets 9.1.3 Audio Montage properties This dialog allows you to set/change the audio properties and number of channels of the active montage file. It appears when you first create an audio montage file and can also be edited later. It allows you to select an output mode for your project, choose how many channels you wish to work with and set the sample rate of the montage. Changing the values in this dialog will not process the audio in your montage in any way.
9.1 Dialogs 107 Related topics 9.1.5 Audio Streaming Settings This dialog allows you to specify how WaveLab's internal input and output channels are connected to your sound card and which device you intend to use for audio playback and recording. You can define the buffer settings for your device as well as setting up connections to external gear such as external effects units. You should select at least two channels for stereo playback and recording.
108 Interface Elements to mono. You can also take maximum advantage of your computer's architecture if you have a multiple processor cores, by spreading the processing load across them. These settings are selected in the Multitasking tab. To use the Batch Converter tool: 1. Click on the plus sign icon to add files, (or just drag the files directly into the pane) 2. Define an output file location and file format 3. Choose any options or performance settings from the Options and Multi-tasking tabs 4.
9.1 Dialogs 109 You can access this dialog from the Import Audio CD dialog via Functions> Examine CD-Text.... You can also access it via its icon in the Import Audio CD window. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Import Audio CD 9.1.9 Customize Commands This dialog allows you to customize your own shortcuts for WaveLab Elements.
110 Interface Elements You can prepare a disk for a variety of media (CD-DA, DVD or Blu-ray Disk). The list of media devices displays the amount of data that will fit on each type of disk. As you add files, an indicator on the left (and a text display at the bottom) display how "full" your new disk is. You can enter a name for your disk and change the disk file structure before writing your data to an ISO image or writeable optical disk.
9.1 Dialogs 111 Burning your disk Once you are happy with your disk layout you can write it to a disk or disk image: select a media type from the list of media devices. This will determine the maximum size and type of medium you will be writing to, whether it be CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disk or an ISO image of any of these. You can change the media type at any stage. enter the name that you want your disk to display when it is mounted as a data volume. to write your disk, click write CD/DVD icon.
112 Interface Elements Each Workspace has its own set of preferred folders, which are set from the Folder Preferences dialog from that Workspace. To use this dialog, first select a folder category (from the left) and then define its path and options (on the right). A note on temporary files - this folder category specifies where WaveLab Elements should store its temporary files. These are used for operations such as Undo.
9.1 Dialogs 113 Podcasts 9.1.15 Change Level This dialog allows you to apply a gain to change the level of an Audio File. You can also use "Find current peak level" to obtain a report on the peak level of the current audio selection (or the peak level in the whole file, if "Process whole file if there is no selection" is selected in the preferences). This can be useful if you wish to calculate how much you can increase the overall gain of a file without introducing clipping (exceeding 0dB), for example.
114 Interface Elements How it works When you analyze a section of an Audio File, WaveLab Elements scans it and extracts information which it displays in the dialog. It also "pin-points" sections of the file that meet specific characteristics, for example, sections being very loud or almost silent. You can then browse between these points, set markers or zoom in on them. Types of analysis On most of the tabs, you will find settings determining exactly how the analysis will be performed.
9.1 Dialogs 115 From this list you can select the tracks (or define the start and end points of a single track). The "Rename tracks" menu option automatically adds the track order number to the name in a range of different styles. You can select a track name for text editing by double-clicking. In "Output", accept the default Folder location or choose another. Clicking Audio File Format dialog for changing details of the Audio File's format.
116 Interface Elements in level and timbral characteristics in order for a sound to loop properly. For example, this could be useful for creating looped samples for a softsynth or hardware sampler. To use the Loop Tone Uniformizer you need to have a loop defined using a pair of loop markers . The original length of the loop is not changed. Uniformizers This tab allows you to specify the method/s used to even out the sound you wish to loop. Choose between "Slice mixing" and/or "Chorus smoothing".
9.1 Dialogs 117 General - this tab allows you to change the location of WaveLab's settings files and the user interface language. You need to restart the application for changes to take effect. Display - this tab allows you change many aspects of the user interface that apply across the whole application. These options provide useful information and usability functions but can be deactivated to streamline the interface.
118 Interface Elements 9.1.23 Audio Montage Preferences This dialog allows you to define settings for working in the Audio Montage Workspace. Using the two tabs you can define settings for both the active audio montage and for all audio montages. You can adjust default settings for how WaveLab works with audio Clips and effects plug-ins in an audio montage, as well as to define backup and display options. You can access this dialog from the Audio Montage Workspace via Options > Audio Montage preferences....
9.1 Dialogs 119 9.1.26 MP3 attributes This dialog allows you to enter/edit the meta-tags (ID3 tags) for an MPEG 3 encoded file. You can access this dialog via Edit > File attributes... when you have an MP3 file open in the Audio File Workspace. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics MP3 files 9.1.
120 Interface Elements Related topics Audio File editing Value editing 9.1.29 OGG encoding This dialog allows you to specify the encoding options when you save an Ogg Vorbis Audio File. You can choose between using an average or variable bit rate to adjust the size and quality of the file. You can access this dialog via Save as... > Output Format (select type Ogg Vorbis) > Encoding > Edit..., and from most places where you can select an output file format, such as the Render dialog.
9.1 Dialogs 121 This tool could be useful for fixing an off-key vocal note in a live recording, or tuning the pitch of a kick drum sample to fit a particular song, for example. You can access this dialog from the Audio File Workspace via Process > Pitch Correction.... For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Adjusting Envelopes 9.1.
122 Interface Elements Method - use this tab to define options for starting/stopping/pausing the recording automatically. You can select an input device and choose to start a recording at a specific time or stop it after a specific duration. In WaveLab Elements you can also choose to drop markers automatically and split a file into while recording. Options - use this tab to determine various options affecting how the recording dialog window behaves while recording.
9.1 Dialogs 123 Edit focused numeric field - If this option is activated, the AI knob can be used to edit a focused numeric field. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help CC121 Advanced Integration Controller 9.1.34.1 CC121 Advanced Integration Controller You can use Steinberg's CC121 Advanced Integration Controller to control WaveLab.
124 Interface Elements ON - Activates/deactivates the EQ bands. ALL BYPASS - Activates/deactivates bypass for all plug-ins in the Master Section. EQ TYPE Deactivated Open the Audio Files workspace - Press the LOW ON button. Open the Audio Montage workspace - Press the LOW-MID ON button. Scroll horizontally on timeline - Use the EQ-1 knob for the EQ Gain (G) to scroll left/right on the timeline.
9.1 Dialogs 125 Function Section In this section you can adjust certain functions, such as fades and envelope level, by using the VALUE knob. VALUE knob/button - Rotating this knob adjusts the assigned function. Pressing the knob resets the parameter to its default value. FUNCTION button 1 - Adjusts the fade-in settings of the focused clip. FUNCTION button 2 - Adjusts the fade-out settings of the focused clip. FUNCTION button 3 - Adjusts the envelope level of the focused clip.
126 Interface Elements 9.1.35 Rename File dialog This dialog allows you to rename a file, and/or optionally change the folder where it is stored. The file suffix may be selected from the drop-down list. All open documents that have a reference to the file are updated. Associated peak and marker files are also updated. This function is particularly useful when renaming Audio Files.
9.1 Dialogs 127 There are various options to render all or parts of the Montage, into one or more files - use "What's this..." You can access this dialog in the Audio Montage Workspace via the the Master Section window. Render button from For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Rendering Audio Plug-ins Audio File Format Dialog Master Section 9.1.
128 Interface Elements span, and the velocity range to occupy. For WAV and AIFF files, this information is stored in the file's header. By default, there are no sample attributes in an Audio File. Therefore you must explicitly create this information by clicking on the "Create" button first. This dialog is useful if your sampler can take advantage of these additional tags.
9.1 Dialogs 129 Related topics Folder Preferences dialog Audio File Format Dialog 9.1.42 Save File As This dialog allows you to save a copy of a file that you currently have open. You can specify a new file name and location. The default location depends on the path you have specified for the active Workspace's 'Save folder' in Folder preferences. This can be overtyped, or you can click to browse folders, browse files or explore the Operating System browse dialog.
130 Interface Elements For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics 9.1.45 Definition of shortcut(s) This dialog allows you to define your own customized shortcut(s) for a particular function (selected from Customize Commands). These custom shortcuts can save you time and speed up your workflow in WaveLab Elements.
9.1 Dialogs 131 9.1.47 Special File Format This dialog allows you to choose options as to how WaveLab Elements will interpret any unrecognized file formats or files containing raw data that you wish to open. You can define the sample format, byte order, sample rate, file extension and whether or not the file contains mono or stereo channels. You can also choose to ignore the file's header (start) or end of file data.
132 Interface Elements 9.1.49 Time stretching This dialog allows you to change the duration of an audio selection (usually without changing its pitch). You can view exact time information on the original audio selection you wish to stretch and choose the amount you wish to "stretch" it in seconds, beats per minute or as a percentage. You can also choose which method WaveLab uses to stretch the audio and the quality/speed of the processing.
9.1 Dialogs 133 9.1.51 Audio File editing preferences This dialog allows you to define settings for editing in the Audio File Workspace. You can choose defaults for editing and playback, adjust the visual appearance of the waveform displays, and determine how WaveLab Elements works with audio and peak files. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via Options > Audio File editing preferences....
134 Interface Elements You can access this dialog by choosing Save as... > Output Format (select type Windows Media Audio) > Encoding > Edit..., and from most places where you can select an output file format, like the Render dialog. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics WMA files 9.1.
9.1 Dialogs 135 This is a visualization of the beginning and end of the waveform between the loop markers. You use this dialog to manually refine a loop selection by dragging on the waveform left/right or using the automatic search buttons to find the nearest "good" loop point. The aim is to align the waveforms so they meet in the middle at a zero-crossing point with the waveforms matching as closely as possible, being "in phase".
136 Interface Elements See Zooming and scrolling for other methods of zooming - for example, you can press [arrow up] or [arrow down] to zoom in or out. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Zooming and scrolling Value editing Status Bar 9.2 Shared tool windows Shared tool windows are windows that can only exist in one place at a time and are shared between Workspaces.
9.2 Shared tool windows 137 You can change both the colors and the range boundaries if you wish via the Level/Pan Meter Settings dialog. This can be accessed through the Functions > Settings... menu, or by using the icon. The VU (Volume Unit) meters measure the average loudness (RMS) of each channel. These meters have a built-in inertia, evening out loudness variations over a user-defined time span.
138 Interface Elements 9.2.3 Spectroscope The Spectroscope shows a continuous graphical representation of the frequency spectrum, analyzed into 60 separate frequency bands, represented as vertical bars. Peak levels are shown as a short horizontal lines above the corresponding band, indicating recent peak/maximum values. The Spectroscope can be found in the Meters menu of the Audio Files and Audio Montage Workspaces. It can be used either as a floating window, or docked in the Workspace.
9.3 Specific tool windows 139 Related topics About Tool Windows 9.3.1 File Browser This dialog allows you to browse files directly from within WaveLab Elements rather than using your operating system's file browser. It provides you with all the standard browsing functions (such as List and Icon views)You can use it to open or insert an entire file or a specific region of a file by dragging and releasing the file in the location you wish to insert the file.
140 Interface Elements edit the file's meta-data tags click anywhere in the window. This will open the corresponding file attributes dialog. You can access this dialog in the Audio File Workspace via Workspace > Specific tool windows > Meta-Data. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Specific tool windows 9.3.
9.3 Specific tool windows 141 For more information on using markers see Markers. For details on the different marker types and their uses see Marker types. Note that there are more marker features available in the Montage version compared to the Audio File version. See "Using markers in the Audio Montage Workspace" in Markers for more details. You can access this specific tool window within the Audio Files and Audio Montage Workspaces via Workspace > Specific tool windows > Markers.
142 Interface Elements 1. In the Audio Files workspace select File > Upload to SoundCloud.... A browser window opens. 2. Once you have logged in to your SoundCloud account, the file upload starts. After uploading the Audio File, you can edit the privacy settings and add metadata. 9.3.6 Focused Clip window The Focused Clip window is an accordion control that contains some sophisticated editing commands.
9.3 Specific tool windows 143 Related topics Clip Audio Streaming Settings Customize Commands Audio Montage Colors 9.3.7 CD This specific tool window brings together a number of useful functions for creating an audio CD within WaveLab Elements. It displays a list of CD tracks along with information about each track, some of which you can edit. You can also check a CD's conformity to Red Book standards, add UPC/EAN codes, and launch the Write Audio CD window.
144 Interface Elements Note that CD tracks are automatically renumbered when dragged into new positions in the Audio Montage window. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon. For more information see Getting Help Related topics Specific tool windows Authoring CDs and DVDs Write Audio CD CD Pre-emphasis Red Book CD-DA CD Text ISRC UPC/EAN 9.3.
9.3 Specific tool windows 145 saved into the montage and it can be be undone if necessary. Use "What's This?" help on the column headers for more details. You can access this dialog in the Audio Montage Workspace via Workspace > Specific tool windows > Effects. For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon.
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Chapter 10 Audio Plug-ins Steinberg created Virtual Studio Technology (VST) to allow effect plug-ins to be integrated with audio editors (such as WaveLab Elements). VST uses Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to closely simulate in software the effects of familiar recording studio hardware. A vast number of plug-ins are available - from freeware to high-end commercial products - and can greatly extend the functionality of programs such as WaveLab Elements. The order of processing is significant.
148 Audio Plug-ins Steinberg Chorus Steinberg Compressor Steinberg Mono Delay Steinberg Distortion Steinberg Gate Steinberg Limiter Steinberg Roomworks SE Stereo Delay Steinberg Stereo Enhancer Steinberg Studio EQ Steinberg VST Dynamics Built-in plug-ins Crystal Resampler Leveler Peak Master Silence Dithering plug-in Internal Dithering 10.
10.1 Sonnox DeClicker 149 Sonnox DeClicker is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration Toolkit. The tools are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and background noise that can sometimes accidentally occur in new recordings. A note on Touch Pad controls Several controls in these plug-ins are Touch Pads.
150 Audio Plug-ins Detect Meter Display (Pop; Click; Crackle) The Detect meter display combines two indications. The main rising column indicates the sum of the energy of events that have been detected. With the "In" button deselected (i.e. the repair circuit disabled), this column is colored orange/red. With the repair circuit active the column is colored blue. The bottom segment of the meter is an indication of each individual detected event.
10.2 Sonnox DeNoiser 10.2 151 Sonnox DeNoiser Sonnox DeNoiser is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration Toolkit. The tools are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and background noise that can sometimes accidentally occur in new recordings. A note on Touch Pad controls Several controls in these plug-ins are Touch Pads.
152 Audio Plug-ins Clicking this button brings down a menu of options and preferences. It allows choice of: the input/output meter clip light hold duration (permanent, 2s, 5s), and the splash screen to view the version number and build date. Graphical Display The graphical display shows the real-time frequency/gain curve of the programme material. It is graduated from 0 to 20kHz and from 0 to -144dB.
10.2 Sonnox DeNoiser 153 (i.e. the noise removal processing is disabled), the noise detection circuit is still enabled and the graphical display will still show the real-time frequency display and the noise contour line. HF Limit Knob and Touch Pad (Hz) This displays and controls the frequency beyond which the attenuation is applied nondynamically. Scrolling the frequency down from the default of 22kHz will show a red region in the frequency display that has a fixed attenuation.
154 Audio Plug-ins Related topics Sonnox DeBuzzer Sonnox DeClicker Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 10.3 Sonnox DeBuzzer Sonnox DeBuzzer is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration Toolkit. The tools are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and background noise that can sometimes accidentally occur in new recordings. A note on Touch Pad controls Several controls in these plug-ins are Touch Pads.
10.3 Sonnox DeBuzzer 155 the default action is Circular mode, but if the Alt key is held, the action is Linear mode. Additionally, for all controls (including faders and knobs, not just Touch Pads) Control + Left-Click (Windows), Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default DeBuzzer screen controls Sonnox Menu Options Button Clicking this button brings down a menu of options and preferences.
156 Audio Plug-ins Sensitivity Knob and Touch Pad (%) This controls the sensitivity of the buzz detection circuit. Fully sensitive might allow the detection circuit to lock to inaudible and possibly undesirable frequencies. Stronger buzzes, which typically would be removed first, will require a less sensitive setting. Hum/Buzz Mode Button This control switches between Hum mode and Buzz mode. In Hum mode the bandwidth limit for harmonic removal is 0 to 800Hz.
10.3 Sonnox DeBuzzer 157 Output Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB) This allows you to reduce the output level by up to 12dB. Dithering is applied after output gain control, so it may be necessary to reduce this value by a small amount to avoid clipping. Quick-Start Guide for the De-Buzzer 1. Find the nominal frequency. Start with Sensitivity and Attenuation controls at the default positions (90% and -48dB respectively). 2.
158 10.4 Audio Plug-ins Steinberg Autopan This is a simple autopan effect. It can use different waveforms to modulate the left-right stereo position (pan), using manual modulation speed settings. The parameters are as follows: Rate Sets the auto-pan speed from 0.1 to 10, by rotating the knob by dragging, or using the mouse wheel. Width This sets the depth of the Autopan effect, that is, how far out to the left/right speaker the sound should move, from 0% to 100%. Shape Sets the modulation waveform.
10.5 Steinberg Chorus 159 This is a single stage chorus effect. It works by doubling whatever is sent into it with a slightly detuned version. The parameters are as follows: Rate The sweep rate can be set freely with the Rate knob, without sync to tempo. Width Determines the extent of the chorus effect. Higher settings produce a more pronounced effect. Spatial This sets the stereo width of the effect. Turn clockwise for a wider stereo effect.
160 Audio Plug-ins 10.6 Steinberg Compressor Compressor reduces the dynamic range of the audio, making softer sounds louder or louder sounds softer, or both. Compressor features separate controls for threshold, ratio, attack, hold, release and makeup gain parameters. Compressor features a separate display that graphically illustrates the compressor curve shaped according to the Threshold and Ratio parameter settings.
10.7 Steinberg Mono Delay 161 Hold (0 to 5000ms) Sets the time the applied compression will affect the signal after exceeding the threshold. Short hold times are useful for "DJ-style" ducking, while longer hold times are required for music ducking, e.g. when working on a documentary film. Release (10 to 1000ms or Auto mode) Sets the amount of time it takes for the gain to return to its original level when the signal drops below the threshold level.
162 Audio Plug-ins Feedback Sets the number of repeats for the delay. Filter Lo This filter affects the feedback loop of the effect signal and allows you to roll off low frequencies from 10Hz up to 800Hz. The button below the knob activates/deactivates the filter. Filter Hi This filter affects the feedback loop of the effect signal and allows you to roll off high frequencies from 20kHz down to 1.2kHz. The button below the knob activates/deactivates the filter.
10.9 Steinberg Gate 163 Tone Lets you select a frequency range to which to apply the distortion effect. Spatial Changes the distortion characteristics of the left and right channel, thus creating a stereo effect. Output Raises or lowers the signal going out of the effect. Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 10.9 Steinberg Gate Gating, or noise gating, silences audio signals below a set threshold level.
164 Audio Plug-ins Side-Chain button This button (below the Center knob) activates the sidechain filter. The input signal can then be shaped according to set filter parameters. Internal side-chaining can be useful for tailoring how the Gate operates. Center (50Hz to 20000Hz) When the Side-Chain button is activated, this sets the center frequency of the filter. Q-Factor (0.01 to 10000) When the Side-Chain button is activated, this sets the resonance of the filter.
10.10 Steinberg Limiter 165 Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 10.10 Steinberg Limiter Limiter is designed to ensure that the output level never exceeds a set output level, to avoid clipping in following devices. Limiter can adjust and optimize the Release parameter automatically according to the audio material, or it can be set manually. Limiter also features separate meters for the input, output and the amount of limiting (middle meters).
166 Audio Plug-ins 10.11 Steinberg Roomworks SE RoomWorks SE is a "lite" version of the RoomWorks plug-in. This plug-in delivers high quality reverberation, but has fewer parameters and is less demanding of CPU than the full version. The following parameters are available: Pre-Delay Controls how much time passes before the reverb is applied. This allows you to simulate larger spaces by increasing the time it takes for first reflections to reach the listener.
10.12 Stereo Delay 167 10.12 Stereo Delay StereoDelay has two independent delay lines with freely specified delay time settings. The following parameters are available: Delay 1 & 2 Using these controls you specify the base note value for the delay time in milliseconds. Sync button The buttons below the Delay knobs are used to turn tempo sync on or off for the respective delay. Feedback 1 & 2 The Feedback controls set the number of repeats for each delay.
168 Audio Plug-ins 10.13 Steinberg Stereo Enhancer This plug-in will expand the stereo width of (stereo) audio material. It cannot be used with mono files. The following parameters are available: Width Controls the width of the stereo enhancement (i.e. the apparent stereo separation). Turn clockwise to increase the enhancement. Delay Controls the delay differences between left and right channels to further increase the stereo effect.
10.14 Steinberg Studio EQ 169 10.14 Steinberg Studio EQ This is a high-quality 4-band parametric stereo equalizer with two fully parametric mid-range bands. The low and high bands can act as either shelving filters (three types), or Parameter Description as a Peak (band-pass) or Cut (low-pass/high-pass) filter. Making settings 1. Click the corresponding On button on the left of the plug-in panel to activate any or all of the 4 equalizer bands (Low, Mid 1, Mid 2, and High).
170 Audio Plug-ins Band 1 Inv button Inverts the gain value of the filter. Use this button to filter out unwanted noise. While looking for the frequency to omit, it sometimes helps to boost it in the first place (set the filter to positive gain). After you have found it, you can use the Inv button to cancel it out. Band 1 Freq (20 to 2000Hz) Sets the frequency of the low band. Band 1 Q-Factor (0.5 to 10) Controls the width or resonance of the low band.
10.15 Steinberg VST Dynamics 171 Band 4 Filter mode For the high band, you can select between three types of shelving filters, a Peak, and a Cut filter. When Cut mode is selected, the Gain parameter is fixed. -Shelf I adds resonance in the opposite gain direction slightly below the set frequency. -Shelf II adds resonance in the gain direction at the set frequency. -Shelf III is a combination of Shelf I and II.
172 Audio Plug-ins The following parameters are available: Threshold (-60 to 0dB) Determines the level where Gate is activated. Signal levels above the set threshold trigger the gate to open, and signal levels below the set threshold close the gate. State LED Indicates whether the gate is open (LED lights up in green), closed (LED lights up in red) or something in between (LED lights up in yellow). Side-Chain button This button activates the internal side-chain filter.
10.15 Steinberg VST Dynamics 173 of 3:1 means that for every 3dB the input level increases, the output level increases by only 1dB. Make-Up (0 to 24dB) This parameter is used to compensate for output gain loss, caused by compression. When the Auto button is activated, gain loss is being compensated automatically. Attack (0.1 to 100ms) Determines how fast the compressor responds to signals above the set threshold.
174 Audio Plug-ins C-G-L (Compressor-Gate-Limit) G-C-L (Gate-Compressor-Limit) C-L-G (Compressor-Limit-Gate) Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 10.16 Crystal Resampler This plug-in offers high quality sample rate conversion of Audio Files. For example, if your Audio File was recorded or saved at 96 or 48kHz and you wish to burn it to CD at 44.1kHz, this plug-in will perform the conversion ready for burning.
10.17 Leveler 175 10.17 Leveler Leveler is useful for correcting an imbalance or adjusting levels between stereo channels, or for mixing down to mono. The parameters are as follows: Volume Left, Right (-48dB to +12dB) This governs how much of the signal is included in the left and/or right channel of the output bus. Stereo Link (OFF or LINKED) When set to LINKED, Volume Right delivers the same gain as that set for Volume Left.
176 Audio Plug-ins Input Gain Values range from -12dB to 24dB. Out Ceiling Values range from -18dB to 0dB. Softness Values range from -5 to +5. Related topics Audio Plug-ins Master Section How do I add effects? Presets 10.19 Silence The Silence built-in plug-in provides a simple way of injecting a precise period of silence into the start or end of an Audio File. The parameters are as follows: Start Use the slider to add from 0 to 60,000ms of silence to the start of the file.
10.20 Internal Dithering 177 10.20 Internal Dithering Internal Dithering is a built-in plug-in that provides a simple way of adding a small amount of noise to the rendered signal to improve the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the output. For an introduction to the concept of dithering, see Dithering.
178 Audio Plug-ins WaveLab Elements 7
Chapter 11 Utilities WaveLab's Utilities menu contains a number of useful tools accessible from all Workspaces. This page contains links to information about them. CD/DVD utilities: Import Audio CD Data CD/DVD Batch utilities: Batch Conversion 11.1 Import Audio CD This dialog allows you to import one or more tracks from an audio CD. Once you have identified the source CD, you can select the track or tracks to import.
180 Utilities Related topics Audio File Format Dialog 11.2 Data CD/DVD This dialog allows you to arrange files and folders into a structure that you can later write as a "data" disk. You can prepare a disk for a variety of media (CD-DA, DVD or Blu-ray Disk). The list of media devices displays the amount of data that will fit on each type of disk. As you add files, an indicator on the left (and a text display at the bottom) display how "full" your new disk is.
11.3 Batch Conversion 181 drag files/folders to a different location in the file list pane. To move multiple files/folders hold down [Shift] while selecting the files/folders you wish to move. drag file/folders over a folder icon to move them into that directory. to add a new folder click on the folder icon. to edit the name of a file/folder, double click on its title.
182 Utilities 4. Click Start to begin (you can also choose an option to start the process automatically when dragging the file in). You can access this dialog by choosing Utilities > Batch conversion of Audio Files... For an explanation of each parameter and interface feature, click on , or the 'What's this?' question mark icon.
Chapter 12 How do I... The following is a list of common tasks and brief instructions on how to achieve them using WaveLab Elements. ... import songs from an audio CD into WaveLab Elements? ... use VST Plug-ins? ... edit an existing Audio File? ... compile and edit several Audio Files on multiple tracks? ... apply processing to an Audio File? ... convert an Audio File into another audio format? ... play back with real-time effects? ... record new Audio File? ... convert the sample rate of an Audio File? ..
184 How do I... See the Master Section for more details on using VST plug-ins. The VST plug-ins are described individually in Audio Plug-ins. 12.3 ...
12.6 ... convert an Audio File into another audio format? 185 You can also use the "Process in place" rendering function in the Master Section. This applies effects to a file (or a selection) using the built in and/or third party VST plug-ins. You can use the unlimited "Undo" function to reverse any bad editing decisions. See Render Wave window for more information. 12.6 ...
186 How do I... 12.10 ... create a Podcast? To create a Podcast you use the Podcast Workspace. First you need to create a new Podcast, there are several ways to do this. From within the Podcast Workspace choose File > New, or From the Audio File Workspace add Audio Files to a podcast by choosing File > Special > Add to Podcast..., or Select Edit > Create Podcast from Audio File... The Podcast Workspace is where you assemble, define and publish your Podcast to the Internet.
Chapter 13 Glossary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A ADPCM AES31 AIFF files Apple Lossless files ALAW files Aliasing Amplitude ASIO Attack Audio montage B Bandwidth Bit depth Blu-ray Disk C CD Frame CD Pre-emphasis CD Text Chorus Clip Clipping Compression Cross fade D DAW DC Offset Decibel (dB) Dithering E Ensoniq Paris files Equalization
188 Glossary F FFT Focused Clip Formant FTP Site G No entries available. H Headroom I ISO image ISRC J No entries available. K No entries available.
189 O Ogg Vorbis files OSQ files P PAL/SECAM Pan Peak level Plug-ins Pre-roll and Post-roll Preset system Processor cores Q Quantization R Raw PCM files Red Book CD-DA Regular Expressions RF64 files RMS S Sample rate SMPTE timecode Sound Designer II files Spectrogram Sun/Java files T Tempo Text/Excel files U ULAW files UPC/EAN V No entries available.
190 Glossary X No entries available. Y No entries available. Z Zero crossing 13.1 ADPCM ADPCM – Microsoft/Dialogic is an audio file format commonly used for games and telephony applications that offers a lower bit rate than linear PCM and thus requires less storage space/bandwidth. The file extension is .vox or .adpcm. Glossary contents 13.2 AES31 The AES31 Standard is a non-proprietary audio file format developed by the Audio Engineering Society Standards Committee (AESSC).
13.4 Apple Lossless files 191 Typical file extensions are .aiff, .aif, .aifc, and .snd. Glossary contents 13.4 Apple Lossless files ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec) is an audio codec developed by Apple Inc. for lossless data compression of digital audio. Also known as Apple Lossless and Apple Lossless Encoder (ALE), ALAC audio data is stored within the MP4 container and uses the mathematical technique of linear prediction to achieve a file size reduction between 60% to 40%, depending on the audio content.
192 Glossary Glossary contents 13.9 Attack Attack is the initial part of the sound. An attack is said to be fast when the maximum amplitude is reached very quickly (with percussive sounds from drums, guitar or piano, for example). Orchestral strings generally have slow attack, where the volume increases more slowly. Glossary contents 13.10 Audio montage An Audio Montage is a compilation of audio Clips composited together.
13.14 CD Frame 193 the storage capacity to 500GB on a single disc by using 20 layers. In addition to optical improvements, Blu-ray Disks feature improvements in data encoding that further increase their capacity. Data CD/DVD Glossary contents 13.14 CD Frame In a Red Book CD-DA, the time format is commonly measured in minutes, seconds and frames (mm:ss:ff), where one "frame" corresponds to one sector, or 1/75th of a second of stereo sound.
194 Glossary 13.17 Chorus Chorus is an time-based effect produced by combining the original signal with a number of moving delays and pitch shifted copies, often panned across a stereo field. Steinberg Chorus Glossary contents 13.18 Clip Clip A Clip contains a reference to a source Audio File on your hard disk, as well as start and end positions in the file (allowing Clips to play back smaller sections of their source Audio Files). Any number of Clips can reference the same source file.
13.21 Cross fade 195 Steinberg Compressor Glossary contents 13.21 Cross fade Cross fade is mixing two audio signals by fading one out at the same time as fading the other in. Glossary contents 13.22 DAW DAW A Digital Audio Workstation is a software and hardware system dedicated to recording, editing and playing back digital audio tracks on hard disk.
196 Glossary 13.25 Dithering Dithering is the technique of adding small quantities of noise to a signal to reduce the audibility of low level distortion in a digital recording. A small amount of random noise is added to the analog signal before the sampling stage, reducing the effect of "quantization errors". Note that dithering should always be applied after the output bus fader stage. Quantization Glossary contents 13.
13.30 Formant 197 13.30 Formant Formants are the distinguishing frequency components of a sound. Glossary contents 13.31 FTP Site File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network such as the Internet. An FTP site may require user-based password authentication or it may allow anonymous user access. Podcasts are published to FTP sites. Publish menu FTP site Glossary contents 13.
198 Glossary Recording Year (2 digits or ASCII characters) Serial Number (unique number identifying the recording - 5 digits or ASCII characters). The groups of characters are often presented with hyphens to make them easier to read, but hyphens are not part of the code. Glossary contents 13.35 Loops Loops are short audio Clips that create a repeating beat or pattern. Loop Tone Uniformizer Loop Tweaker Glossary contents 13.
13.39 MIDI 199 13.39 MIDI MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is an industry standard that allows devices such as synthesizers and computers to communicate with each other through a system of channels and triggers. Glossary contents 13.40 MIDI Channels MIDI provides 16 channels for sending data. When processing MIDI triggers, WaveLab Elements needs to know which MIDI channel to monitor to receive a trigger. Glossary contents 13.
200 Glossary MP3 files MP2 encoding Glossary contents 13.44 MP3 files MP3 (MPEG-1, audio layer 3) is a patented digital audio encoding format using lossy audio compression, designed by the Moving Picture Experts Group as part of its MPEG-1 standard, and derived from MP2. MP3 is popular for PC and internet applications - data compression ratios of 10:1 are typical.
13.48 Ogg Vorbis files 201 NTSC has 29.97 interlaced frames of video per second - a field refresh frequency of 59.94Hz (actually 60Hz/1.001). Each frame consists of a total of 525 scanlines, 486 of which are visible. The digital terrestrial television (DTT) replacement for NTSC is ATSC ("Advanced Television Standards Committee"). PAL/SECAM Glossary contents 13.
202 Glossary Glossary contents 13.51 Pan Pan is short for panoramic. Pan is perceptually "placing" a mono or stereo sound source between two or more speakers. We sense stereo position from a difference in loudness when the sound strikes each ear, taking into account the time delay, spectrum, reverberation and other cues. Steinberg Autopan Glossary contents 13.52 Peak level Peak level is a measure of maximum sound level.
13.55 Preset system 203 13.55 Preset system WaveLab Elements provides a sophisticated Preset system, which allows you to store a range of individual or bulk settings and recall them for later use. Presets Glossary contents 13.56 Processor cores Processor cores Modern computers are often designed with a multi-core processor, with two or more "cores" (i.e. independent processors) in a single physical package.
204 Glossary 13.59 Red Book CD-DA Red Book is the standard for audio CDs (Compact Disc Digital Audio, or CD-DA). Other "Rainbow Books" in the series, known by the color of their covers, define the formats of CD-ROMs, VCD, SACD and other compact disc formats. DVD and Blu-ray formats are not defined in a Rainbow Book. The first edition of the Red Book was released in 1980 by Philips and Sony and ratified as IEC 60908.
13.62 RMS 205 An RF64 file uses the ".wav" extension but it can only be opened with an application that supports the RF64 standard. WAV files Glossary contents 13.62 RMS RMS (Root Mean Square) can be used as a measurement of intensity of sound (or AC voltage, etc.) over a period of time. The RMS measurement calculates a practical average value of all the points on a waveform as a single number over a variable period that could be 1 ms, 20 ms, or 1 hour.
206 Glossary 13.66 Spectrogram A Spectrogram is an image that shows how the spectral density of a signal varies over time. Glossary contents 13.67 Sun/Java files Sun/Java is an Audio File format used on Sun and NeXT computers. Files in this format can often be found on the Internet. 8-, 16- or 24-bit resolutions are supported. Typical file extensions are .snd and .au. Glossary contents 13.68 Tempo Tempo is the rhythmic rate of a musical piece, usually given in BPM (beats per minute).
13.71 UPC/EAN 207 13.71 UPC/EAN UPC/EAN code - the "Universal Product Code/European Article Number", a catalog number for an item (such as a CD) intended for commercial distribution. On a CD, the code is also called the "Media Catalog Number" - there is one such code per disk. UPC is a 12-digit barcode widely used in the United States and Canada; EAN-13 is a 13-digit barcoding standard (12 + a checksum digit) defined by the GS1 standards organization.
208 Glossary In WaveLab Elements, a waveform is generally represented with time on the horizontal (x)axis, with the start of the waveform being the leftmost point. The vertical (y-)axis is the amplitude of the wave. Glossary contents 13.75 Wet/Dry Wet/Dry is a term that describes the balance between the effect sound (wet) and the original, unprocessed audio signal (dry). in a "dry" mix, the original signal is more pronounced; with a "wet" mix, the effect sound is more dominant. Glossary contents 13.
