APPLICATIONS MANUAL 80821885
Trademark Acknowledgements LaserPrinter 4111:Star Micronics Co,, Ltd. PageMaker: Aldus Corporation Applesoft: Apple Computer Inc. Bitstream: Bitstream Inc. Canon: Canon Inc. HP, LaserJet: Hewlett-Packard Company LaserControl: Insight Development Inc. IBM PC: International Business Machines Corp.
I PREFACE About this manual This Star Lu.~erPrinter4111Application.~Manual gives you the information you need to program the Star Micronics LaserPrinter 4111. Why would you read this book? Most people using a laser printer just run software packages with built-in printer drivers, which look after everything their computers send their printers.
I What’s in this manual? ● In “Getting to Know Your Star LaserPrinter 4111”we provide a list of the features that make this a splendid printer, to help you choose which features you want to exploit. There’s a bit on how laser printers work, inside and out. The chapter then explains software in general terms, including how to write control and Escape commands to make those features work.
Conventions Incidentally, one of those Technical Supplement tables suggests a couple of typographic conventions we’ll use. Base ten (decimal) numbers will generally be used here; if we have to use base sixteen numbers (hexadecinzczi)we’11 expressly say so. And second, the lowercase L is practically identical to the number one (1versus 1). Because lowercase L is used in many command descriptions, we’11use the character ~ to avoid confusion.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Getting to know Your Star LaserPrinter 4111............................................. 1 1.1 Star LaserPrinter 4111Hardware ................................................. 1 1,2 Star Laserprinter 4111software ...........................................,,.....5 2. Controlling Your Printer ............................................................................ 13 2. I Printer Parameters .................................................................. . 13 2.
6. Technical Supplement ............................................................................... 129 6.1 CommandSummary............................................................... 129 6.2 Symbol sets ............................................................................ 134 Index .............................................................................................. .. ....... ....
m Getting b KnoW’Yow Star LaserPrinte~4111 ‘” “ This chapter introduces both the hardware and software aspects of the Star LaserPrinter 4111’spersonality, from fonts and print engine to ASCII and Escape sequences. 1.1 STAR LASERPRINTER 4111HARDWARE 1.1.1 Versatility Your Star Micronics Star LaserPrinter 4111works with practically all commercial software programs and computers.
The Star LaserPrinter 4111is ideal for desktop publishing. The pages it produces make perfect photocopy or instant-print masters. And all the main desktop publishing systems, including Aldus Corporation’s PageMaker and Xerox Ventura Publisher, work splendidly with the Star LaserPrinter 4111. With “page makeup” programs like these you will be able — maybe for the first time — to deliver communications with the impact of top-notch graphics. 1.1.
Ask your Star LaserPrinter 4111dealer about resources like these. Desktop publishing with laser printers is fast-changing territory, and some Star Micronics staff people have found electronic bulletin boards and computer user groups quite helpful in keeping up with the changing pace. If you invest a little time this way it may repay you well. .1.1.
An Intel 80960SA computer chip controls both the memory and the printing mechanism in the printer, called the print engine. The printer stores a whole page in RAM before printing it. (If a page is so dense that it overflows memory —amost unlikely event —the Star LaserPrinter4HI prints the page on two sheets.) 1.1.5 The Print engine It’s the print engine that forms the actual characters and graphics.
1.2 STAR LASERPRINTER 4111 SOFTWARE 1.2.1 Binary and hexadecimal arithmetic If you already know what hexadecimal numbers are, you can skip this section and go ahead to read about ASCII. The decimal number system with which we’re all familiar is a positional counting system. There’s the “ones” position, the “tens” position, the “hundreds” position and so on. Each higher position is worth ten times more than the position to the right of it, since the decimal system uses the base of ten.
The important thing to realize is that there’s more than one way to show the same numeric value. Computer programmers, for example, occasionally use the hexadecimal system because it’s so compact. (Programmers often just say “hex”.) This binary number: 10100101111111010011011111 1011010010110100001001 looks quite a bit tidier when it is written as A5 FD 37 ED 2D 09, which means the same thing. 1.2.
So the laser printer understands the symbolJas 01001010, which we can also represent as the decimal number 74 or the hexadecimal number 4A. We’ve printed this byte vertically and horizontally below, showing how it adds up to decimal 74 and hex 4A.
1.2.3 Control codes The ASCII table shows symbols like.Jor2 the way they actually print on the laser printer. But ASCII includes more than just printable characters: none of the control code commands at the beginning of the table actually print. Instead, when your computer sends a control code to the laser printer it makes your printer do other things, such as sound its beeper. Control codes mostly handle communications between your computer and the printer at the lowest level, at cable level.
But remember that you are not to send those spaces if you send commands to the printer. To sum up, printer commands are of two types. A cw?trolcode is a singlecharacter command that tells your printer to do something, like move down one line. An Escape sequence controls a printer operation too, but is more than one character long. Since they are commands, neither control codes nor escape sequences are usually printable characters. 1.2.
1.2.6 Sending your own printer commands Without a printer driver, sending control codes and Escape sequences to your printer properly requires some knowledge of a programming language like BASIC or Pascal, or at least of how to put such codes into a program. With programming languages, the computer doesn’t act on the commands you put into a program until you tell it to run that program.
NEW 10 ‘ EXAMPLE 20 WIDTH “LPT1: ’’,255 30 LPRINT CHR$(7) 40 LPRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(112) 50 END RUN you make the printer first sound its bell—most people call it a beeper— and then print the self test. Generally, when you send a control or Escape code it stays active until you deactivate it. Most programming languages, and some versions of BASIC, letyou treat the printer as a file to which you can send data.
MEMO 12
You can control your Star LaserPrinter 4111in two ways, either through control panel parameters or through software commands. In this chapter we will consider printer controls mostly from the perspective of the control panel. 2.1 PRINTER PARAMETERS 2.1.1 The control panel The easiest way to control your Star LaserPrinter 4111is through its control panel, as explained in your Star LaserPrinter 4111Operations Manual.
I 2.1.2 Parameter settings From the panel you can also change the parameters that define how your printer works. Parameter just means “variable”. If you’re familiar with earlier kinds of printers, you’ll understand that laser printer parameters control pretty much the same things DZPswitches do. (A DIP switch or’’dual in-line package switch” is a set of small switches that control various printer functions.
Factory settings are programmed into the Star LaserPrinter 4111when it is built at the factory. Your printer keeps the factory settings for its parameters in ROM; they never change. You can copy them into the current settings or any other settings as needed. But the only way you can return to the factory defaults is from the control panel; no commands do this.
I 2.1.4 How to change parameters With the printer offline, if you press the [PROGRAM] button the printer goes into “program” mode. You can then step through the laser printer’s four levels of program menu to configure your printer. That’s the process of changing certain printer settings so your computer and printer can communicate properly. It’s actually pretty easy. Flipping through and setting parameters from the panel is described in detail in the Star LaserPt”inter4111Operations Manual.
Most MS-DOS and AT-compatible computers support up to three parallel and two serial ports, which come on expansion boards you plug into your computer. When you install such boards you must set switches to indicate the number and addresses of these ports. If you specify the wrong addresses, you won’t be able to print.
You’ll also have to indicate if your computer sends two stop bits to indicate the end of a byte, instead of one, the default. These serial interface settings are described in more detail in your Star LaserPrinter 4111Operations Manual. Serial interface: protocol Finally, in Serial mode your computer will use one of two protocols to ensure data is sent properly.
If your Star LaserPrinter 4111doesn’t print what’s on the computer screen, recheck your connections and interface settings. With an applications program like Lotus 1-2-3 or Microsoft Word, you use a printer setup routine to match your computer with your printer’s operating characteristics. So double-check your software settings; your computer’s output, for example, might not be going to the proper port. 2.2.
I 2.3 CONTROLLING In this section we look at two controls you have over how the Star LaserPrinter 4111handles and formats its pages: You can set values for the PAPER FEED and LAYOUT parameters on the control panel. At the end of this section we’ll also preview different ways to move the print position. 2.3.1 The PAPER FEED parameter The PAPER FEED parameter lets you specify both what kind of paper you want and how the paper is fed.
One other nice thing you can do is print directly on envelopes. With this Paper Size parameter you can specify envelopes in sizes, Monarch, COM-10, International C5 and DL. Then just work out whereto put the address, set the orientation to landscape (see below), and slide your envelope into the multipurpose tray! 2.3.2 Hints: Pape6 labels and transparencies ● The best paper for the Star LaserPrinter 4111has a smooth finish and is of 60 to 105 g/mz (20 to 24 pound) weight.
I . No question, working with single label sheets is more convenient than with continuous label stock. Laser printers are faster and produce betterlooking labels than other printers. But laser printers, which work by electrostaticphotographyrather than impactpressure,put different stresses on label paper. Each sheet has to bend over and through the guide rollers; moreover, fusing toner to the paper involves heat. You can eliminate trouble by always feeding label sheets manually.
Landscape Porlraii When you use landsmpe orientation the words are printed “on their sides,” vertically up the length of the page. Text written with landscape orientation only looks correct when you turn the page so its length runs side-to-side,just like the painting of a landscape. Envelopes must be printed with landscape orientation. You also will use landscape regularly to print charts or banners, and spreadsheets or reports with so many columns they wouldn’t otherwise fit on the page.
The meaning of a line (sometimes called a “row”) is defined by the t’ertical motim?index (VMI). The printer moves the print position down a line when it gets a Line Feed code, usually when it bumps into the right margin. You’ll probably let your computer program set the line depth. But from the panel you can.set the VMI value in increments from 1/48to 255/48 of an inch. Auto’parameters The print position refers to the point on the page where the next character will be printed.
These increments reflect the history of twentieth century printing. Pitch, referring to the number of characters printed in each horizontal inch, derives from how typewriters space their characters. Lines and columns were first used by earlier computer printers (on which they are called horizontal and vertical motion indexes). You already know about the Star LaserPrinter 4111 being able to print 300dots to the inch.
Pointsi:e defines how big characters will print, such as 10or 12points high. St]’ledefines whether characters print in upright or italic style. Stroke weight defines how bold a typeface prints. Finally.,t]p
Em Am Fonts m The fonts you use determine what your pages will look like. In this chapter we’ll first clarify the meanings of words people use when they talk about fonts. Next we’ll examine the three kinds of fonts (internal. cartridge and downloaded) that you can use on your Star LaserPrinter 4111.We’ll cover the particular sets of symbols you can choose for those fonts too. Finally, we’ll find out how to load the printer with your selection of fonts. 3.1 FONT TERMINOLOGY 3.1.
I Narrow condensed faces used to be called “compressed”. They cram about five characters in the space where three usually go — ideal for spreadsheets. An extended face, particularly on a dot-matrix printer, goes by several names: “expanded“, “enlarged” or “double-width” printing. No matter what it’s called, extended print is wider than it is high, and can be fairly effective in page headings. Italic characters (sometimes called “oblique”) are slanted. Ordinary upright characters are often called “roman”.
The font height (24 points) is measured from ascender to descender. The o has been kerned closer to the f. size and type~ace. Ill t Proportional spacing Baseline Serif L;ading is the baseline to baseline measurement. 3.1.3 Font spacing and pitch You probably first heard the word pitch in connection with typewriters. Typewriters normally use monospaced spacing: they give each character the same amount of space on the line. About half the fonts available for laser printers use monospaced spacing too.
3.2 HOW THE STAR LASERPRINTER 4111 STORES FONTS 3.2.1 Bit-mapped fonts Star Micronics has earned a reputation for attractive, well-designed fonts on its printers, and this laser printer continues the tradition. The Star LaserPrinter 4111uses bit-mapped fonts. Each character is made up of a pattern or “map” of dots, just like characters on a dot-matrix printer or on your computer screen.
I The Star LaserPrinter4111’sscalable fonts have the same relative dimensions and general appearance as the following LaserJet III fonts: CG Times CG Times CG Times CG Times Univers Univers Univers Univers regular bold italic bold italic regular bold italic bold italic With these most frequently used fonts in ROM, a page can be assembled much faster than if the fonts had to be loaded into the printer for each printing job. 3.2.
I Downloadable fonts run the gamut from Egyptian hieroglyphics to those eye-catching decorative fonts known as display fonts. They also include the more exotic foreign-language characters, such as Arabic or Cyrillic, and symbol and mathematical fonts (sometimes with fractions). How can you compare cartridge and downloadable fonts? When you use cartridge fonts you don’t have to take time to download them. They don‘t take any of your Star LaserPrinter 4111’sRAM memory either.
3.3 SYMBOL SETS Let summarize briefly, to put the subject of symbol sets in context. The attributes of a font determine what that font will look like when it is printed. We covered all but orientation at the start of this chapter, and orientation in the last chapter. A font’s attributes include: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● orientation (portrait or landscape) symbol set (which we’ll look at next) spacing (monospaced or proportional) pitch (10 or 16.
I You probably won’t change symbol sets very often, unless you need special symbols for your trade or regularly write in a language other than English. Your printer supports sets containing just symbols, such as the Greek alphabet (j?),logic symbols (s), arrows (~), the registered trademark symbol (09)and so on. 3.3.2 Default font attributes When you power on your printer, the internal fonts start off with default attributes which you can change as needed. The default symbol sets is Roman-8.
If you use the control panel in program mode, select CHARACTER.Just press the [>] button to get to the font attribute you want to set, press [v] to get to its possible values, press [>]to scan through them, and finally press [v] to slap in the value you want. The procedures for selecting a font from a computer program is a bit more complicated. These font selection methods are detailed in the next chapter. 3.4.
I 3.4.3 Optional fonts Many optional fonts available for your Star LaserPrinter 4111complement its internal fonts. These can give you more variety in symbol sets, spacing, font height, style and stroke weight. To your Courier fonts, for example, you might add italics and bold, legal or math symbol sets, and sizes ranging from 7 to 14 points. Optional fonts offer different typefaces too.
Many commercial font-management programs are now on the market, including Insight Development’s LaserControl, Blaha Software’s HotLead, SoftCraft’s LaserFonts, and the PCL printer driver in Microsoft’s Windo~)s. These utility programs help you download fonts, then let you access the fonts automatically from your word processor or other programs. ,Most font files on disk that you buy to download into your printer have Escape sequences right in the file, which simplify the process.
You then do the same for the italics and boldface files, for example typing for the italics font: DOWNLOAD CN 100IPN.R8P The prompts will be the same, but you have to remember to use different font ID numbers for the upright, italic and boldface fonts. 3.4.7 Downloading a font: example two Example two is for a computer running Aldus Corporation’s PageMaker desktop publishing program with Microsoft Windn-t’s. PageMaker provides a print driver called HPPCL.DRV, and a program called PCLPFM.
The process of downloading a font you’ve designed yourself is not so straightforward. As you can only do this, creating and downloading fonts is described further in chapter 4. 3.4.8 Hints: Managing memory . Printing fancy stuff can be quite cumbersome for your printer. You trade off fanciness against speed: if you opt for fewer flourishes, you give your printer breathing room in memory. And that rewards you with faster output.
I To see how much memory is available for extra fonts, put the printer offline and press the [TEST] button to print a status sheet. Your printer will beep and show a control panel message if you try to overload its memory by downloading too many fonts. It then will continue printing with the closest available font to that requested. As a general rule, you can include at least a dozen downloadable fonts in a document.
FW7terControl Language m ‘ “ A ● The Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 111is an earlier kind of laser printer than your Star LaserPrinter 4111.You should have no trouble running most popular software packages, as those programs likely can send LaserJet III commands. Because the LaserJet III is a laser printer, though, its commands can give you more control over your Star LaserPrinter 4111than is possible with the other built-in command sets. Recognizing that reality, we’ve put examples into this chapter.
Two important details make PCL commands. First, all Escape sequences end with a capital letter. If you don’t make the last character uppercase, your printer won’t know when the Escape sequence ends and will treat following characters as part of the same command. Second, in PCL commands each number or character you put after the
I For example, to define the style, weight and character face for the primary font, you might send these command: (S (S (S 1S 7B 3T which would produce italics boldface Courier.But this single command does the same thing, all with one blow: (S I S 7b 3T 4.2 CONTROLLING THE PRINTER 4.2.
I 4.2.2 Set number of copies You can print up to 99 copies of each of the pages you send to the printer. You may send this command anywhere within the text on a page; it will stay in effect for that and all subsequent pages until you send another such command: &/n X All you have to do is change the n sign in this command to the number of pages you want. (The tcharacter after the & is a lowercase L.) 4.2.3 Set feed selection One thing you can do is print directly on envelopes as well as regular paper.
When you want to set all your laser printer’s parameters back to their initial default values (some people call this “initializing” the printer), send this command: E .The printer will finish printing any pages left in its memory before resetting the parameters. Resetting clears unneeded temporary fonts from your printer’s memory. Any permanent fonts or macros you have downloaded, however, will still be there after you send a reset command.
You can now send your letter from your word processing program to the printer and feed in those pages. When you’re done, you may want to send the E command one more time. 4.3 PAGE ORIENTATION You might reasonably think of page orientation as a page formatting issue. To print words widthwise on a page, however, each letter in effect has to lie on its back. So orientation is actually a font attribute, and is treated as such later on in this chapter. 4,3.
ORIENTATION Portrait Portrait Portrait Portrait Landscape Landscape Landscape Landscape PAPERSIZE Executive Letter A4 Legal Executive Letter A4 Legal @6LINEs/INcH n @8LINEs/INcH 60 80 66 88 70 93 112 84 43 58 68 51 49 66 * 58 * Printing landscapes on legal paper is trickier. First set on portrait mode and send the command &? 84P and then change the orientation to landscape. An example: Say you want to manually print legal-size pages at eight lines per inch.
I 4.3.2 Side margins Margin settings define that part of the page on which the printer can print. You set side margins to particular columns. The width of a column differs for each font, depending on its pitch. Ten-pitch Courier, for example, puts column 30 three inches from the left edge of the page (column 0). But 12pitch Prestige Elite puts column 30 just two and a half inches in. You cannot set the left margin further over than the right margin.
&tn E Note that the character following the “&” is a lowercase “L”. 4.3.4 Text length and the bottom margin By default, the LaserPrinter 4111automatically gives you top and bottom margins of the same size. So you only need to send the Text Length command when you want different top and bottom margins. If you want a different bottom margin, first decide how many text lines will produce the margin you want. Check that they won’t produce a bottom margin lower than the page length.
4.3.5 Example: Page formatting OK, let’s have ago at formatting a page. The picture of the page we want is just below. The actual width of the text on the page depends on which font we use. Let’s plan on using our 16.66-pitchLine Printer font at eight lines per inch. column10 column70 top margin. 8 lines { textlength= page length. 112 lines 100 lines { bottommargin. 4 lines ~ .
4.4 MOVING THE PRINT POSITION 4.4.1 Many ways to move The LaserPrinter 4111provides excellent control over the print position — where you poise your laser “pen”. Horizontally, you can send backspace and carriage return commands. Vertically, you can move the print position down the page by printing so many lines per inch, or by sending line-feed and half line-feed commands. You can move horizontally or vertically to tab settings as well. Those aren’t all.
I 4.4.3 Defining the space and column Before you use print positioning commands, you first may want to change the definitions of the line or space (sometimes called “vertical and horizontal motion indexes”, VMI and HMI). These definitions don’t actually move the print position. Instead, they define two basic units you can use in print position commands.
The important fact about the line depth is that when you change it you are changing the actual meaning of a “line”. When you increase the line depth you effectively decrease the number of lines per inch, and increase the page length. The command you send to set the line depth looks like this: &t’n C (note that the character after the “&” is a lower-case “L”) in which for n you can enter a number from Oto 336.
So to move to column 45 you send the command: &a 45C But to move 45 columns to the right of the current print position, you send: &a +45C To move the print position horizontally a certain number of decipoints, send the command: &a n H in which for n you enter the number of decipoints you wish to move the print position (preceded by a + or– sign if you want to move away from the current position). You can move the print position horizontally by dots both ways too.
You can also move the cursor 8 columns at a time horizontally by use of the horizontal tab command. Simply send a tab character: to do this. Reverse tabbing is not possible. 4.4.8 Moving the print position vertically You can use similar units to move the print position vertically: lines, dots, or decipoints. Both lines and decipoints can be fractions to two decimal places.
To move the print position vertically a certain number of decipoints, send the command: &a n V in which for n you enter the number of decipoints you wish to move the print position down (or precede the number with a + or– sign if you want to move up or down from the current position). Finally, you can move a number of dots down from the top edge of the page, or you can move a number of dots up or down from the current print position.
And if you send this one: &a +40h –20V the print position will move right 40 decipoints and up 20 decipoints. .4.4.11 Backspace The Backspace control code works exactly as you might expect: it moves the print position one column to the left. Moving the print position back does not destroy any characters already sent. In fact, because of that, this command can be quite useful. It lets you superimpose one character over another.
The Half Line Feed command is the one you want for subscripts. This command moves the print position down the page one half the current line depth: = To send a reverse Half Line Feed, moving the print position up to let you print a superscript, use this command: &a –.5 R 4.4.14 Form feed This command, like the [PRINT] button, makes the printer advance to a new sheet of paper. When you send the control code you are also telling the printer to print all its stored page information.
I For n enter one of the numbers from this table: AUTOMATIC COMMAND n O(zero) , and work according to their basic definitions, 1 (one) will also generate a (but and stay the same), or will produce a too ( by itself 2 won’t change), 3 generates a too, and either or produces a .
Note: Even when Autowrap is on, the printer will print beyond the right margin if you have sent one of the direct positioning commands described above, which move the print position past the margin. Also, note that Autowrap doesn’t move the whole word down to the next line — that’s a job for a word processor, not your laser printer. 4.4.17 Pushing and popping the print position This provides a wonderful way to keep track of the print position.
Note: The last position pushed onto the list will always be the first one popped back later. 4.5 CONTROLLING FONTS 4.5.1 Font selection The Star LaserPrinter 4111lets you define and select fonts three ways: as primary and secondary fonts, or by font identification number, or by description. We’ll look at the first two ways now, and explain selecting a font by its attributes a little further on. However you choose to refer to fonts, remember that a font must be available before you select it.
! If you don’t explicitly indicate what attributes you want for the primary or secondary font, the printer will use the same default font for both. This default font’s attributes include the Roman-8 symbol set, 10-pitch spacing, 12-point height, upright style, medium weight, and Courier typeface. After your primary font is selected, you can choose it for printing by sending this Shift In control code: All the text you send after that command will print in the primary font.
4.5.4 Selecting downloaded fonts The easiest way to select among downloaded fonts is to use font ID numbers. When you download a font you make the Assign Font ID command above the first command in your sequence (see “How to download your own fonts” later in this chapter). After you’ve assigned an ID number to a downloaded font, you can select it as your primary font with this Select Font ID command: ( n X in which n is your desired font’s ID number.
The laser printer just zips down this chain of attributes one by one, eliminating fonts that don’t match what you want, until it gets down to one unique font that matches your request. If the printer matches down to, say, style or weight but can go no further, it will give you its closest font to your request.
To select the direction in which characters, raster graphics and fill patterns are printed, use the following command: &a n P in which for n you put Oto select the portrait direction, 90 to select the landscape direction, 180 to select the upside-down portrait direction, and 270 to select the upside-down landscape direction. Symbol sets: a review Each font can have many symbol sets, each being a subset of all the possible characters of the font.
I Note: The symbol sets marked with * can select when the approval Font Cartridge is installed.
10J 10U 1IQ I IU 12u 13J 14J 15U PS Text IBM-PC(US) ECMA-947Bit* IBM-PC(Denmark/Norway) PC-850 VenturaInternational VenturaUS Pi font symbols To select a symbol set code for your secondary font, flip the parenthesis: ) n and for n substitute your choice from the codes above. Selecting the current or default symbol set Your printer can use either the primary or the secondary font as its current font. And that current font has its current symbol set.
To do these tasks, you can send the following command to select which symbol set you want for your secondary font: ) n @ For n enter one of the values from this table: n VALUE O(zero) 1 (one) 2 3 SELECTION Selects the default symbol set Selects same symbol set as primary font Selects the current font’s symbol set Selects all the default font’s attributes (not just symbol set) Example: Symbol set commands Let’s take a short look at how you use these commands.
Spacing If you specify monospaced for a font, each character prints with the same width. But if you specify proportional spacing the design of each character determines its width. To define how you want your primary font spaced, send this command: (S n P in which for n you put O(zero) to get monospaced, or 1 (one) to get proportional spacing. If you specify proportional spacing it doesn’t matter if you also specify pitch, because spacing is a higher priority font attribute.
You can use a different command instead of these for general character pitch setting. This command, since it doesn’t have parentheses, covers both the primary and secondary fonts. It looks like this: &k n S For n you enter a pitch code from the following table: CHARACTERS PER INCH 10 cpi (pica) 16.66 cpi (condensed) PITCH CODE n O(zero) 2 Font height The height of the characters you print is measured in point sizes. The Star LaserPrinter4111provides fonts in 6,7,8.
To select style for the secondary font,just reverse the parenthesis and use the same n numbers: )S n S Remember that style is a relatively low-priority attribute. If a particular font satisfies all higher priority attributes but doesn’t come in the style you want, you’ll get that font without your style. Stroke weight The weight of a font defines how lightly or boldly it prints. You can be flexible about stroke weight.
Typeface The last attribute you can give to characters is their typeface. The design of characters is what font designers often think of as the main determinant for a font. But when you select a laser printer font, typeface sits at the bottom of the list.
Example: Font attributes Let’s put the last half dozen font attributes together in an example. Say we want to select a nice font — a small Line Printer — for the footnotes in a report we’ve finished. Let’s make it our secondary font, since’the body of our report is done in the primary font. We’ll go with the defaults for orientation and symbol set. But let’s be specific about the other attributes, and let’s remember to put them in priority order. We decide on a monospaced of 16.
4.5.6 Underline Underlining is printing feature, not a font attribute. You can underline in two ways: as a print feature, or with the – underline character. If you backspace and use the underline character, however, you often find the underline doesn’t come out the same length as your text. The underline command works better. When you turn on the underline feature this way, the printer will underline all subsequent printable characters, including spaces.
To use Transparent print,just put this command immediately in front of your print data: &p n X For n you specify the number of bytes of data you want to print . Display Functions, like the Transparent print command, prints Escape sequences and control codes without actually executing them. But Display Functions pays attention to Carriage Return codes, so text looksmore like the way it normally prints. Display Functions also prints commands as blanks, not as symbols.
I To control fonts you send this command: *C r? F For n enter one of the numbers from this table of functions: .n O(zero) 1 (one) 2 3 4 5 ~.
Assuming you like what you see printed from those ASCII positions, you then want to make that current font permanent. Finally, you also want to dump all the temporary fonts from printer memory to make room for some graphics you’ll be printing.
4.5.10 Example: Assigning font numbers Now let’s do a program in BASIC. First we’ll assign font numbers to the Courier and Line Printer resident fonts and to a cartridge font, IBM PC Courier. Then we’ll print samples of each font.
4.6 USING YOUR OWN FONTS 4.6.1 Font design is tedious A warning: font design is an art. Don’t expect to turn out professionallooking fonts in a few hours. Sometimes, though, you have to build your own typeface, even if you don’t work with a company in the font-selling business. You may, for example, want to print your own customized company logo. It means building up characters within a cell or grid, perhaps 50 dots high and 35 wide — lots of dots.
The process of downloading a font you’ve designed yourself is somewhat detailed. To download your font, you follow the following steps: 1) assign a font ID number to your font, 2) download a font header, 3) identify the position of each character to be downloaded, 4) send a character descriptor and bit map for each character, 5) specify whether the file is to be permanent or temporary.
Here’s a typical font header command: )s26WOOIOOOO< RS>O2OO lOdOaOOOO Aside from the actual command at the front, the rest looks like gobbledygook? But there’s 26 bytes there, each one an ASCII character, each one specifying a particular font attribute. (The enclosed items with brackets are single ASCII characters that happen to be control codes.) Each byte in the header is a number, which you send as whatever symbol happens to be stored at that numeric position in the ASCII table.
P e c y f Before you download each character you have to tell the printer where in its font table to put it. You indicate where by sending this command: *C n E For n you put the decimal number, between Oand 255, of the position in the font table where you want your character stored. Your printer’s font table is just like the ASCII table. Before you send each character, say g, you have to say where you want to put it. In the ASCII table, g is at decimal position 103.
MEANING description length blank always 14 always 1 orientation blank left offset (blank space to left of character) top offset (blank space above character) character width character height print position travel (proportional spacing only) BYTE o 1 2 3 4 5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 The bit map of the character isjust the pattern of dots in the character, starting at the top left of its cell.
R G The Star LaserPrinter 4111offers raster graphics (sometimes called “bitmapped graphics”), which specify each dot in a graphics pattern. Be aware, though, that adding graphic elements always slows up printing with laser printers.
I c s g The command to start graphics must be transmitted next. The command is: *r n A where n can take a value ofeither Oor 1.If you enter O,the margin for graphics will be set at the left-most printable edge of the page (not the same as the left margin for text). But if you enter 1,the margin for graphics will be set at the column of the current print position, and your image will appear only to the right of that graphics margin.
I S c w t g d When transferring raster graphics data, each line of raster data must be prefixed by the command: *b n W where n gives the number of data bytes to follow (the maximum is 255 before another such command is sent). This data must follow the compression rules set in the previous command.
The Raster Width command specifies the width in pixels of the next raster graphic. *r n S The value of n must be non-negative; if necessary it is truncated to the value of (logical page width) - (x coordinate of cursor). It will clip all raster rows longer than the specified width, even if n = O.It will pad any row shorter than the specified width with zeros. The area maps to either opaque or transparent depending on the source transparency mode.
4 D r o p d Defining the dimensions of the area you want to filljust means indicating the horizontal and vertical size of the pattern, or the rule’s length and thickness. You can indicate dimensions in either dots or decipoints (tenths of a point). At 300 dots or 720 decipoints to the inch, decipoint measurements are more accurate. The printer converts decipoint values into dots, using 2.4 decipoints to the dot. It rounds up fractions to the next integer. So 1225decipoints would work out to 510.
in which n is the number of dots defining the thickness of the rule or the depth of the pattern. Alternatively, to show the vertical dimension in decipoints, you send this command: *c n V in which n is the number of decipoints in the rule’s thickness or the pattern’s vertical length. 4 C a p ar o p You need the next five commands to choose and print the particular pattern you want to fill your defined area. These commands work together.
11 -20 0/0 m 36-55 0/0 81 -99 0/0 56-80 ~0 %0 1 you want a linear pattern, for Hyou enter here a pattern numberfbetween I and 6 inclusive. identifying one of the linear patterns below.
You always send the following Print Pattern command after a Specify Pattern command. This Print Pattern command identifies whether the area you have defined is to be filled with a rule, dotted gray-scale pattern, or linear pattern: *C n P For n enter a value from the following table. (If you select a linear pattern here, but a dotted pattern in the previous Specify Pattern command, the printer will ignore this Print Pattern command.
I The following two commands control “transparency”, whether or not white sections of an image block out black pixels that are already in place. ‘ n N This selects the source transparency mode. whether white areas of the source image should be treated as transparent (and do not “white-out” black pixels they cover) or opaque (in which case they white-out black pixels). Set n to Ofor the transparent mode and to 1 for the opaque mode.
4 4 M U m There’s a great shortcut that simplifies the task of sending commands to your LaserPrinter 4111:use macros. A macro is a single control code, which you can define yourself, that does the work of a whole long series of printer ‘commands.Any command can go into a macro. Putting macros together to automatically repeat sequences of tasks is like using a real programming language. Your Star Micronics dealer may know of some pre-written macros already available for the Star LaserPrinter 4111.
/1 FUNCTION O (zero) Start defining macro. Creates a new macro with the last specified macro number. This macro will be temporary; to make it permanent use &f 10X after your definition. The printer will make a macro of the sequence of commands that follow this one, until it gets the command to stop defining the macro. 1 (one) Stop defining macro. 2 Execute macro. This option makes the printerrun the last specified macro, changing printer parameters according to what its commands say.
7 Delete temporary macros. This option also deletes temporary automatic macros. 8 Delete last specified macro. 9 Make last specified macro temporary. 10 Make last specified macro permanen[. 4 E M The following program loads and runs a macro. The Imacromoves an inch and a half right and down three inches from the top left corner of the page, where it prints a 25 percent gray-scale bar. It then ejects the paper.
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The Star LaserPrinter 4111provides the ability to print vector graphics using the GL/2 graphics language. Printing with GL/2 requires leaving the PCL mode and entering the GL/2 mode. Switching between modes involves only a few commands and software applications may easily switch between the two modes as needed — without affecting performance. 5 G C A S The GL/2 commands have four components: a mnemonic, parameter(s), separator(s), and a terminator.
5 P f You must give parameters in the format (type of units) required by each GL/2 command. The required format is stated in the parameter table of each command’s description, and is described as follows. Infege}-- An integer from –2, 147,483,648to +2, 147,483,647.The printer automatically rounds fractional parameters to the nearest integer. Using a number outside the specified range causes an error. Clumped integer — An integer from –32,768 to +32,767.
5 C s In GL/2, the coordinate system can be set by the user. The default coordinate system has its origin at the lower left of the picture frame (P 1), with its x-axis horizontally to the right, and the y-axis vertically upwards. Two types of units are available, plotter units (default) and user units. A plotter unit is 0.025 mm (0.00098 inch, 0.294 pixels at 300 dpi). User units can be set as required, different for the x and y axes, using the SC command.
5 D p f s There are two escape sequences to define the area (or picture frame) that can be used for GL/2 graphics: i which n is the horizontal n size of the picture frame in decipoints, and ‘kCH Y in which n is the vertical size of the picture frame in decipoints. These commands have the following side-effects: they set P 1to the lower left corner and P2 to the upper right corner of the picture frame.
5 P s There are two escape sequences to define the plot size of the drawing: *C t7 K in which t7 is the horizontal size of the GL/2 plot in inches. *C H L in which n is the vertical size of the GL/2 plot in inches. These commands fit the GL/2 plot into the picture frame, establishing scaling factors using the formula: (plot size)/(picture frame size divided by 720) If ~iin either of these is zero, the default values (the size of the picture frame) are used.
5 C A S The configuration and status group commands help you with the following: ● Establishing default conditions and values for GL/2 features. ● Scaling images in the dimensional units you want to use. ● Enlarging or reducing images for different media sized. ● Establishing a window (soft-clip limits). ● Drawing equal-sized and mirror-imaged drawings. ● Rotating the GL/2 coordinate system. D c DF [;] This command returns the printer’s GL/2 settings to the factory default settings.
The results of the following commands depend on the positions of PI and P2: DR. FT, IW, LB, LT. PW, RO, SC, SR, WU. I r c IR [P]r.~,Pln [, P2r.x,P2ry :]] This command establishes new or default locations for the scaling points P 1 and P2 relative to the picture frame size. PI and P2 are used by the Scale (SC) command to establish user-unit scaling.
An alternate method of ejecting a page is the Form Feed command. A Form Feed causes an unconditional page eject and advances the current active cursor position to the top of form on the next page. The horizontal cursor position remains the same as before the page eject. R c s ~RO [cwgle :] c This command rotates and translates the plotter coordinate system.
The meanings of and relationships between the parameters are: If tvpe parameter is O (as specified or by default), SC defines antisotropic sealin,g;the first form of the command is assumed and the last two parameters, l and bottotn.are ignored even if present; xmin, ]!rnin become the user coordinates of P 1, and xmax, )’ma.r,the coordinates of P2. If t?ywparameter is 1, SC defines isotropic scaling; the first form of the command is assumed, and parameters leji and bottom (or defaults) are used; .
I V G The information in this section enables you to achieve the following results in your programs: ● Use absolute and relative coordinates when plotting. ● Draw 1ines, arcs, and circles. . Enc’odecoordinates to greatly increase your printer’s throughput. a c AA xc, JC, angle [, chord angle ;] where xc indicates the x-coordinate of center of arc, yc is the y-coordinate of center of arc.
A t AT xi. p ]i, xe, ye [, c chord angle ;] where xi indicates the x-coordinate of intermediate point I, yi is the y-coordinate of intermediate point I, xe is the x-coordinate of end point E, and ye is the y-coordinate of end point E. The chord ungle is the angle subtended by chord, from 0.5 to 180 With the current position F, this command draws an arc containing points F, I and E. C c CI radius [, chord angle ;] This command draws a circle radius with its center at the current location.
P e c PE,flug [~’alueor coor(iinate pair ...,~lag]value or coordinate pair: With this command, there should be no separators between parameters, and the command terminator <;> must be used.
c Pu [.rl, )’1, X2,}’2, .....1?2, )72 ;] This command is the same as PA except that the “pen up” flag is set and no lines are drawn. If there is no argument, this is the only effect of the command. The coordinates are interpreted as absolute if the command was not preceded by a PR command; otherwise the coordinates are treated as relative. R t p c RT d.ri,~i>i.d.w. d>e [, ~llord angle ;] Same as AT except that the coordinates are relative.
5 P G There is a special mode of operation, the pol?gon mode, in which many commands are not executed but store the path they would otherwise draw in the polygon buffer. The path is stored by storing the coordinates of all point traversed, together with the pen up/down condition. When a appropriate command is given, the paths are drawn as if they formed a singlepath (which is not necessarily connected).
E r r c ER d,r,d} [;] This command is similar to the EA command, except that the coordinates of the opposile corner relative to current cursor position are specified. E w c radius, sturt an,q[e,sweep angle 1,chord angle ;J This command draws the edge of a wedge of a circle with its center at current cursor position. A positive (negative) radius causes the positive (negative) xaxis to be the reference for the sweep angle.
I P m c PM mode [;] Mode Oclears the polygon buffer and enters the polygon mode, in which the following commands can be used: AA, AR, AT, CI, DF. IN, PA, PD, PE, PM 1. PM2, PR, PU, PR. Reset command E can also be given. The polygon stored using these commands can be edged (using EP) or filled (using FP) once the polygon mode has been left (PM2). The pen location at the time PMO is issued becomes the first point in the buffer.
L A A F c A G c AC .VC,}C [:] The default is (),0and “anchors” the fill to the origin of the current coordinate system. F t c FT t>p{ [. Il(tl%ll}l] [, p~1ra1n2 :]] The relation between lhese three parameters and the meanings are given in the table below.
For type 11,the fill index is as specified in command RF; if an RF command has not been given, solid fill is used. For type 21, the pattern type is a number between 1 and 6, corresponding to the patterns defined in the standard mode. If any parameter or combination is outside the values in the table, the command is ignored. L a c LA kind, ~’alue[, kind, value [. kind, value ;]] This command specifies how line ends and linejoins are physically shaped. Use this command when drawing lines thicker than 0.
L t c LT type [, pattern length [, mode ;]] This comlmandspecifies the line pattern to be used when drawing lines When no parameters are specified, this command selects a solid line and saves the previous line type, pattern length and any unused portion of the pattern. If there are parameters, a pattern is selected as follows. Patterns are described by the length of dashes and gaps, as a percentage of the pattern length, starting with a dash. 07crepresents a dot.
I w c }~idtll[.pen ;] This command specifies a new width for the logical pen. The default pen width is 0.35 mlmor 1Ycof the distance PI to P2. A width of Osets the thinnest line possible (one dot). Metric.widths are scaled by the ratio [size of picture franle]/[plot size]. If the pen number is not specified, the new width is applied to both. If neither pen Oor 1 is specified. the command is ignored.
Symbols are taken from the currently selected character set and are sized, slanted and rotated in the same way as characters. S c SP pe}lnumber [;] This command selects the printer’s logical pen for subsequent plotting. This command must be set in order to output. Pen Ois white; it is used when no drawing is required or to draw white lines on a black fill, with transparency off. Pen 1 is black; values greater than I are treated as 1.
I With parameters. this command selects the screening (fill) to be used for all “vectors” (all lines except labels and ‘stroked’ characters). T m c TR [H:] The transparency mode defines how the white areas of the source graphics image affect the destination graphics image. The parameter n specifies whether transparency mode is on ( 1) or off (0).
I C G When you have created a vector graphic and want to add text, you can either enter normal mode to add text to your image or you can print text from within the GL/2 mode. If this is your first experience with GL/2, you should know that the term “label” is used throughout this section to indicate the printing of text. The information in this section enables you to perform the following: ● ● ● ● ● Position and print labels using any font. Change label size, slant. and direction.
C f m c CF,fill mode [, edge pt’t?:] This command specifies the way scalable fonts are filled and edged; bitmap and Stick fontscannot be edged and can be filled only with raster fill, shading, or cross-hatch patterns. Scalable characters maybe filled with any of the fill patterns specified by the FT command (shading, hatching, cross-hatching, and user-defined raster fill patterns). The ,fill mocle parameter specifies how the printer will render filled characters to the following parameter values.
I Absolute direction command DI x, ) [;] This command specifies the slope or direction at which characters are drawn, independent of P 1 and P2 setting. At least one parameter must be non-zero, otherwise the command is ignored. Relative direction command DR run, ri~e [;] This command established the run and rise of the text path relative to the distance between points P1 and P2.
Within a label, each character begins to the right of the previous character. This is a horizontal text path (unless altered by DI or DR). Within a label. each character begins below the previous character. This is a vertical text path (unless altered by DI or DR). Within a label, each character begins to the left of the previous character. This is a horizontal text path (unless altered by DI or DR). Within a label, each character begins above the previous character.
L.ubelinstruction command M te.rt... text label terminator This command prints (draws) printable characters in the string (up to 1024 characters), using the primary font selected and executes the functions of control characters in the string.Control characters S1and SO switch between the primary and secondary fonts. Label origin command LO position [:] This command positions labels relative to the current pen location. In order to use this command for centering, right justification, etc.
Standardfont definition command SD kind. ~’alue[, kind, iwlue, ... ;] This command defines (but does not select) the standard font by specifying its attributes. The meaning of kind parameter is as follows: Kind I 2 3 4 5 6 7 Attribute Symbol set Spacing Pitch Height Style Weight Typeface Default 21 (ASCII) O(monospaced) 9 cpi 1I.5 point O(upright) O(medium) 48 (stick) The tvdue parameter defines the characteristics of the characteristic specified by the kina parameter.
When command SB 1 is in effect, command S1cannot use negative parametersand, ingeneral.can selectonlyapproximatevaluesofpositiveparameters. In addition, only one parameters has effect, the width for monospaced fonts and the height for proportional fonts. Character slant command SL tan(skuzt un~le) [;] This command specifies the slant at which labels are drawn. The parameter is a tangent of the angle between the centerline of a character and the vertical line.
5.8 ESCAPE SEQUENCES IN GIJ2 MODE When the following commands are given, they have the same results, whether the printer is in the standard mode or the GL/2 mode. E the initialization IN command is executed. . the picture frame is set to its default size. ● the frame anchor is set to its default position, . the plot size is set to its default size. . the page orientation is reset. ● A reset command from the control panel will have the same effect, &/n O .
cESC> &kn A . . . . . . . the picture frame is set to its default size. the frame anchor is set to its default position. the plot size is set to its default size. P 1 and P2 are set to their default positions. the cursor is set to P 1. the clip window is set to its default size. the polygon window is cleared.
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This final chapter in your Star LaserPrinter 4111Applications Manual holds two main sections. The first one will help you with your programming job, while the last provides the symbol set tables. We’ve summarized all commands in ASCII order here. You’ll find them organized by function in chapter 4 and 5. The Star LaserPrinter’s symbol sets have been included so that you can see exactly what characters are available to you. Roman-8 includes standard ASCII and is the default. 6.1 COMMAND SUMMARY 6.1.
I Command &f n X &f n Y &k n G &k n H &k n S ,&/t? C &/n D &t’n E &tn F &tn H &/}7 L &tn O &/n P &/n X &p n X &“S n C ( 17 ( M@ ( n X (S n B (S n H (S rI P (S n S (S n T (S n V (S n W ) n ) ??@ ) n X )S n B )S n H )S n P )S n S )S n T )S n V )S M W *b n M *b n W 130 Function Macro c
Command *b n Y *C n A *C n B *C n D *C n E *C n F *C n G *C n H *C n P *C n V *p n X *p n Y *r B *r n A *r n F *r n S *r n T *t n R *V H N *V n *V n 9 = E Y Z Z O T Page Function Advanced vertical raster position 87 88 Define horizontal rectangle size in dots 88 Define vertical rectangle size in dots 62 Specify font ID 82 Specify character code
6.1.
Command LT PA PD PE PM PR Pu Pw RA RF RO RR RT SA SB scSD SI SL SM SP SR Ss Sv TD TR UL WG Wu Function Line type Plot absolute Pen down Polyline encoded Polygon mode Plot relative Pen up Pen width Fill rectangle absolute Raster fill definition Rotate coordinate system Fill rectangle relative Relative arc three points Select alternate font Select font type Scale Standard font definition Absolute character size Character slant Symbol mode Select pen Relative character size Select standard font Screened vecto
6.2 SYMBOL SETS This section gives tables of the symbol sets for the Star LaserPrinter 4111. The decimal character code of each character is shown in an insetto the lower right of the character. The hexadecimal code can be found by reading the entries at the top and left edges of the table. For example, the character “A” is in column 4 and row 1, so its hexadecimal character code is 41. This is equivalent (4x 16+ 1= 65) to decimal 65. the number in the inset.
Symbol Name ID Number l--i I I o 1 60: Norwegian 1S0 OD I I 2 I 01 I 161 I I 17 1 2? -b -m -E 3 4 5 6 A 7 P I 321 I I 331 I 491 I 651 ‘1 [ z ,, #3 $4 35 51 36 52 37 53 38 54 114 s 115 t 116 u %5 117 &6 -b 112 t v 118 i 7 39 * w 119 55 x 120 Y 121 z 122 B + I I I D — — E +“ 11 I 131 ! I 141 z 43 ‘ 123 59 +-+ 1 291 I 4 I 301 I 461 i I 621 ‘--lAm131i. I 781 I (.
I ID Number Symbol Name Roman Extension OE I 136 9 r--! I 251 411 “ 1 571 I 731 I 891 I 105 I I 1211
ID Number OF Symbol Name ISO 25: French 137
ID Number OG 138 Symbol Name HP German
ID 139
I ID Number OK 140 Symbol Name JIS ASCII
ID Number Symbol Name ECMA-94 Latin 1 ON E o 1 I I I 11 I 1/1 I 331 I 4Y[ F 5 6 E 7 8 9 A B c 141
I I N S ON 1 N E u Latin 1 (cont.
I ID Number Symbol Name 1S0 11: Swedish 0s I 0] 1 16] I I I I .- B — I171 1 481 I 331 I 491 I 651 – I 81 42 I 58 I 110 I26
I ID Number Symbol Name US-ASCII Ou 0 0 8 9 A B c D E F 144 1 2 3 — o— 1< 4 (a— 5 6 P— ‘— 7 n
ID Number ID Symbol Name 1S0 61: Norwegian 145
I ID Number IE Symbol Name 1S0 UK 2345 146
ID Number Symbol Name 147
ID Number IG 148 Symbol Name 1S0 21: German
ID Number 1s Symbol Name HP Spanish 149
ID Number 2K 150 Symbol Name 1S0 57: Chinese
ID Number Symbol Name 1S0 17: 2s Spanish 1 I I I -t2 — 3 I I 21 181 I 341 k I 101 261 501 3 I 421 I 661 L I 581 8 s c s Iiiq 71 151
ID Number Symbol Name 1S0 IRV 2U 10111213 1 I w 152 I 4567 I
ID Number Symbol Name ISO 3s I I I I10 B , I l-i-lp + Swedish I I 42 I 26
ID Number Symbol Name 4s I 154 ISO 16: 1 1 Portuguese
ID Number 5s Symbol Name 1S0 84: Portuguese 155
I ID Number 6S 156 Symbol Name ISO 85: Spanish
ID Number Symbol Name Roman-8 8U o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 k b-l% D E 13 14 157
ID Number 8U 158 Symbol Name Roman-8 (cont.
ID Number 10U Symbol Name IBM-PC(US) — ,“”
ID Number 10U 160 Symbol Name IBM-PC(US) (cont.
ID Number 1lU Symbol Name IBM-PC (Denmark/Norway) 161
ID Number 1lU Symbol Name IBM-PC (Denmark/Norway) (cont.) CDE =El= Lla 192 208 224 193 209 225 LTB T t 194 195 lr L — + z,, 226 m 227 Lx 196 % r 210 212 F 197 228 213022, .
ID Number 12U Symbol Name PC-850 163
ID Number 12U 164 Symbol Name PC-850 (cont.
Index [m arc commands, 106-107 ascender,28 ASCII,6-11 ASCII symbol set, 33 attributes. See font attributes auto parameters, 24 24 Autowrapcommand,59 auto wrap, m configuration settings, 16 continuous-form paper, 20 control codes, 8, 41 printing, 74 control panel. 13-14 corona wire, 4 Courier font.
m factory settings, 15 feed selection, 44 fill command, 113 font attributes, 25,27-29, 34,63 default, 34 See also font orientation; pitch; point size: spacing; stroke weight; style; symbol set; typeface font control commands, 61-78 font design, 79-83 font header, 80-81 font height, 28, 33, 63, 70 62,76,80 font IDnumbers.
..2 N ~• networks, 40 number of copies command, 44 1:0 ON LINE button, 13 optional fonts, 2, 36 orientation. See font orientation outline fonts, 32 E-J page design. 35 page formatting commands, 20-2S, 46-50 page Iength commands, 46-47 page orientation. See font orientation paper, 21-22 continuous-form. 20 paper feed parameter, 14,20-22 paper size.
style commands, 26, 29.33, 63, 70 subscripts, 33 superscripts. 33 symbol sets, 25, 33-34.65-68, 134-164 ~ I T “— tab commands, 53-55 templates, 35 TEST/> button, 13 Text Length command, 49 toner cartridge, 21 top margin command, 48 transparencies. 22.118 Transparent print command, 74-75 typeface. 26, 27, 63 typeface commands, 72 u “i underlining, 33, 74 upright style. See style commands user-defined fonts, 79-83 -v ] vector commands, 106-109 vector graphics, 97-127 vertical motion index.
PRINTED IN JAPAN
