User Guide

398
Chapter 23
Bivariate Co
rrelations Options
Figure 23-3
Bivariate Correlations Options dialog box
Statistics. For Pearson correlations, you can choose one or both of the following:
 Means and standard deviations. Displayed for each variable. The number of
cases with nonmissing values is also shown. Missing values are handled on a
variabl
e-by-variable basis regardless of your missing values setting.
 Cross-
product deviations and covariances.
Displayed for each pair of variables.
The cross-product of deviations is equal to the sum of the products of
mean-corrected variables. This is the numerator of the Pearson correlation
coeffic
ient. The covariance is an unstandardized measure of the relationship
between two variables, equal to the cross-product deviation divided by N–1.
Missin
g Values.
You can choose one of the following:
 Exclud
e cases pairwise.
Cases with missing values for one or both of a pair of
variables for a correlation coefficient are excluded from the analysis. Since each
coefficient is based on all cases that have valid codes on that particular pair of
variab
les, the maximum information available is used in every calculation. This
can result in a set of coefficients based on a varying number of cases.
 Exclude cases listwise. Cases with missing values foranyvariableareexcluded
from all correlations.