User Guide

334
Chapter 16
Crosstabs Ce
ll Display
Figure 16-4
Crosstabs Cell Display dialog box
To help y
ou uncover patterns in the data that contribute to a significant chi-square test,
the Crosstabs procedure displays expected frequencies and three types of residuals
(deviates) that measure the difference between observed and expected frequencies.
Each ce
ll of the table can contain any combination of counts, percentages, and
residuals selected.
Counts. The number of cases actually observed and the number of cases expected if
the row
and column variables are independent of each other.
Percentages. The percentages can add up across the rows or down the columns.
The percentages of the total number of cases represented in the table (one layer)
are al
so available.
Residuals. Raw unstandardized residuals give the difference between the observed and
expected values. Standardized and adjusted standardized residuals are also available.
 Unstandardized. The difference between an observed value and the expected
value. The expected value is the number of cases you would expect in the cell
if the
re were no relationship between the two variables. A positive residual
indicates that there are more cases in the cell than there would be if the row and
column variables were independent.