Spicer Steer Axles ® Application Guidelines AXAG-0400 February 2007
< 2 > back AXAG400 – February 2007
Table of Contents Important Information about these Guidelines................................................................ iii Purpose ................................................................................................................................................iii Use of Guidelines .................................................................................................................................iii Warranties ..............................................................
< ii > back AXAG400 – February 2007
Important Information about these Guidelines Purpose The purpose of these Application Guidelines is to provide original equipment manufacturer (OEM) builders of medium and heavy duty trucks with information about which Spicer® Steer Axle products are approved by Dana Corporation’s Commercial Vehicle Systems (Dana CVS) for use in common vocational applications in the USA and Canada. Use of Guidelines These Guidelines apply to On,On-Off And Off Highway axle applications and vocations in the USA and Canada.
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Steer Axle Application Guidelines Sections These Guidelines are divided up into 6 main sections: 1. Model Nomenclature Describes the Dana Families of Steer Axles along with exploded views and a breakdown of the model designations. 2. Applications - Engineering Data Detailed Engineering data including available steer arm options, tie rod arm options, tie rod geometry graphs, GAWR versus track, and camber / toe change due to loading. 3.
Dana® Steer Axle History Timeline The following timeline shows graphically when Dana Corporation and Spicer Corporation both merged into the steer axle business. Dana and Spicer started with very similar beginnings: Dana in 1982 and Spicer in 1981. In 1998, Dana Corporation acquired the Axle and Brake Division from Spicer Truck Components. The following timeline shows the introduction date for the various models in the steer axle line-up.
Dana® 6WHHU $[OHV 1- Model Nomenclature and Exploded Views E – Series Steer Axles Nomenclature On-Highway / Line Haul / Regional Haul usage Beam Type I – I-Beam Standard Overall Width W – I-Beam Wide Track over 96” OAW I – Series Steer Axles Nomenclature On/Off-Highway / Medium Duty / Regional Haul / Severe Duty usage Beam Type W – I-Beam Wide Track over 96” OAW SG – Specialty Axle AXAG400 – February 2007 front < 3 >
Dana® 6WHHU $[OHV D – Series Steer Axle Nomenclature On-Highway / Medium Duty usage Beam Type F – I-Beam Standard OAW W – I-Beam Wide Track over 96” OAW EFA – Series Steer Axle Nomenclature On/Off-Highway / Severe Duty usage Beam Type F – Forged I-Beam T – Tubular Beam < 4 > back AXAG400 – February 2007
Dana® 6WHHU $[OHV D-2000 – Series Steer Axle Nomenclature On/Off-Highway / Severe Duty usage Beam Type F – I-Beam Standard OAW AXAG400 – February 2007 front < 5 >
Dana® SWHHU $[OHV E – Family Exploded View 1 - Nut, Draw Key 2 - Seal, Grease 3 - Shim 4 - Axle Beam 5 - Key, Draw 6 - Bearing, Thrust 7 - Screw, Stop 8 - Nut, Jam 9 - Nut, Slotted 10 - Pin, Cotter 11 - Bolt, Clamp 12 - Tube, Cross 13 - Clamp 14 - Nut 15 - Tie Rod End 16 - Lube Fitting 17 - Cap, Knuckle 18 - Foam Insert * Nut, Pro-Torq (optional alternative for items 22-25) < 6 > back AXAG400 – February 2007 19 - Gasket 20 - Bushing 21 - Kingpin 22 - Nut, outer Spindle* 23 - Washer, Retainer* 24 - Wa
Dana® SWHHU $[OHV I,D – Family Exploded View 1 - I-Beam 2 - Seal, Kingpin 3 - Shim 4 - Draw Key, Outer 5 - Draw Key, Inner 6 - Nut, Draw Key 7 - Washer, Belleville 8 - Bearing Assembly, Thrust 9 - Bolt, Kingpin Cap 10 - Grease Fitting 11 - Cap, Kingpin 12 - O-Ring 13 - Bushing, Kingpin 14 - Kingpin 15 - Pin, Cotter 16 - Nut, Slotted 17 - Knuckle, Steering 18 - Bolt, Stop 19 - Key, Woodruff 20 - Arm, Steering 21 - Nut, Tie Rod 22 - Pin, Cotter Tie Rod 23 - Tube, Cross 24 - Bolt, Tie Rod Clamp 25 - Nut, Ti
Dana® SWHHU $[OHV EFA – Family Exploded View 1 - Lubrication Fitting 2 - Hex Bolt 3 - Washer 4 - Knuckle Cap 5 - Bushing 6 - Knuckle Pin 7 - Washer, Spindle 8 - Hex Nut, Spindle 9 - Cotter Pin 10 - Steering Knuckle < 8 > back 11 - Cotter Pin 12 - Hex Nut, Steer Arm 13 - Seal Knuckle 14 - Shim 15 - Thrust Bearing 16 - Draw Key 17 - Nut, Draw Key 18 - Stop Screw 19 - Nut, Jam 20 - Cotter Pin AXAG400 – February 2007 21 - Woodruff Key 22 - Cross Tube Assembly 23 - Tie Rod Arm 24 - Steer Arm Ball Stud 25 -
Alignment/Adjustment 2- Applications, Engineering Data The following chart shows all available Spicer Steer Axles with a brief Engineering description.
8500 8000 GAWR (lb.) Models Definition Beam Turn KPI Drop (in) Angle (in.) “S” “C” Rangeº D-800F 3.50 1.00 71.0 40-50 D-800W 3.50 1.00 72.0 40-50 D-850F 3.50 1.00 71.0 40-50 D-850W 3.50 1.00 72.0 40-50 < 10 > back Design Restriction Max Track at rated load = 82” SMC = 31-35” for 3” spring Bearing Shoulder to Bearing Shoulder = 78.48” Overall Width = 96” nominal Max Tire SLR = 20.0” Max Power Steering torque = 28,450 lb.in.
Models Definition Beam Turn KPI drop (in) Angle (in.) “S” “C” Rangeº E-1002I 3.50 1.25 69.0 22-55 E-1002W 3.50 1.25 71.0 22-55 3.74 1.25 71.5 22-55 3.74 1.50 71.5 35-45 40-50 10000 GAWR (lb.) I-100W Design Restriction Max Track at rated load = 81.5” SMC = 30-35” for 4” spring, 29-36 for 3” spring Bearing Shoulder to Bearing Shoulder = 77.38” Overall Width = 96” nominal Max Tire SLR = 21.5” Max Power Steering torque = 43,050 lb.in. Max Track at rated load = 83.
12000 GAWR (lb.) Models Definition Beam Turn Design Restriction KPI drop (in) Angle (in.) “S” “C” Rangeº E-1202I 3.50 1.25 69.0 22-55 E-1202W 3.50 1.25 71.0 22-55 E-1202W 3.74 1.25 71.5 22-55 I-120W 3.74 1.50 71.5 35-45 40-50 < 12 > back Max Track at rated load = 81.5” SMC = 30-35” for 4” spring, 29-36” for 3” spring Bearing Shoulder to Bearing Shoulder = 77.38” Overall Width = 96” nominal Max Tire SLR = 21.5” Max Power Steering torque = 43,050 lb.in. Max Track at rated load = 83.
GAWR (lb.) Models E-1322I 3.50 0.86 69.0 22-55 5.00 0.86 69.0 22-45 3.50 0.86 71.0 22-55 3.74 0.86 71.5 22-55 5.00 0.86 71.0 22-50 3.74 1.50 71.5 35-45 40-50 13200 E-1322W Definition Beam Turn KPI drop (in) Angle (in.) “S” “C” Rangeº 14000 I-140W Design Restriction Max track at rated load = 85.5” SMC = 31-36” for 4” spring, 30-37” for 3” spring Bearing shoulder to bearing shoulder = 77.38” Overall width = 96” nominal Max Tire SLR = 21.5” Max Power Steering torque = 43,050 lb.
GAWR (lb.) Models E-1462I Definition Beam Turn KPI drop (in) Angle (in.) “S” “C” Rangeº Design Restriction Max track at rated load = 84” SMC = 31-36” for 4” spring, 30-37” for 3” spring Bearing shoulder to bearing shoulder = 77.38” Overall width = 96” nominal Max Tire SLR = 21.5” Max Power Steering torque = 43,050 lb.in. Dual Steer Arm required with TPCS Max track at rated load = 84” SMC = 31-36” for 4” spring, 30-37” for 3” spring Bearing shoulder to bearing shoulder = 77.
Models Definition Beam Turn KPI drop (in) Angle (in.) “S” “C” Rangeº 22000 22800 24000 Design Restriction Max track at rated load = 88.35” SMC = 32-36” for 4” spring Bearing shoulder to bearing shoulder = 80.52” Overall width = 102.36” nominal Max Tire SLR = 21.5” Max Power Steering torque = 58,850 lb.in. Dual Steering arm required Max track at rated load = 87.00” SMC = 32.0-35.0” for 4” spring Bearing shoulder to bearing shoulder = 77.90” Overall width = 96” nominal Max Tire SLR = 21.
Dana Engineering Data Sheet example < 16 > back AXAG400 – February 2007
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3- Alignment/Adjustment Wheel Alignment Correct wheel alignment promotes longer tire wear and ease of handling while minimizing strain on the steering system and axle components. Use vehicle manufacturer’s instructions to inspect wheel alignment. Note: Total vehicle alignment is recommended when aligning the steer axle. Camber Camber is the vertical tilt of the wheel as viewed from the front of the vehicle. This is machined in at time of manufacture and is not adjustable.
“Positive” caster is the tilt of the top of the kingpin toward the rear of the vehicle. “Negative caster is the tilt of the top of the kingpin toward the front of the vehicle. Toe Setting Toe is the difference between tire centerline-to-centerline distances as viewed from the front of the vehicle. This is adjustable by loosening the cross tube clamps and turning the tube.
Ackermann Geometry Ackermann Geometry is a geometric arrangement of linkages in the steering of a vehicle designed to solve the problem of wheels on the inside and outside of a turn needing to trace out circles of different radii. When a vehicle is steered, it follows a path which is part of the circumference of its turning circle, which will have a centre point somewhere along a line extending from the axis of the fixed axle.
As the above, when negotiating a turn, the inside wheel needs to turn at a higher rate than the outside wheel. This is accomplished by adjusting the angle of the tie rod arm. Dana Spicer steer axles must be set-up depending on wheelbase and track width in order to satisfy the Ackermann Geometry requirements. The dimensions “G” and “H” (from the figure below, arm offset from KPI and arm length respectively) control the tie rod arm angle.
Overall Width Overall width is defined as the dimension across the widest point on the axle. As seen in the picture above, this overall width is across the wheel studs on the hub as shown. Tire SLR (static loaded radius) Tire SLR or Static Loaded Radius is the measured distance from the ground at point of contact to the center of the spindle / tire while at the recommended load. This recommended load would be the GAWR. The picture below shows the SLR for a typical situation.
Steer Knuckle “Turn Angle” Adjustment AXAG400 – February 2007 front < 25 >
Lubrication Proper lubrication practices are important in maximizing the service life of your steer axle assembly. • Kingpins, Thrust Bearings and Tie Rod Ends. • On-Highway Applications – Standard Pressure lubricate every 6 months or 25,000 miles (40,000 km). • On-Highway Applications – LMS Pressure lubricate every 1 year or 100,000 miles (160,000 km). A more frequent lubrication cycle is required for axles used in on/off highway, refuse, or other severe service applications.
4- Vocation Descriptions The following pages describe the duty cycles, and type of road usage for various vocations / situations. In addition to the guidelines set forth, any usage not described needs to be approved by the Dana HVTSO Applications Engineering Department.
City Delivery Definitions - Pickup and delivery service within cities and/or suburban areas - Operation on road surfaces of concrete, asphalt and maintained gravel - Three (3) miles between starts/stops (typical) - 100% load going /40% load return (typical) Typical Vehicle Types Auto Carrier Beverage Truck Flatbed Truck Livestock Hauler Moving Van Municipal Truck Newspaper Delivery Pickup and Delivery Refrigerated Truck Stake Truck Tanker Wrecker Construction Definitions - Movement of material to an
Fire Service Definitions - Vehicles used to transport people and equipment for the purpose of extinguishing fires or ambulance service - Mileage is typically under 20,000 miles per year - Typical vehicle routes are three (3) miles between start and stop - Multiple high deceleration stops are common Typical Vehicle Types Aerial ladders Aerial platforms Pumpers Ambulance Tankers Heavy Haul Definitions - Movement of heavy equipment or materials at legal maximums or special permit loadings - Operation o
Intercity Coach Definitions - Transporting people and sometimes light freight between cities and/or suburban areas - Operation on road surfaces of concrete, asphalt, maintained gravel, crushed rock, or hard packed dirt - High mileage operation - Typical vehicle routes exceed 30 miles between start and stop - No towed load allowed Typical Vehicle Types Tour Coach Cross Country Coach Line Haul Definitions - Linehaul is moving different types of freight in high mileage operation (over 60,000 miles/year)
Logging Definitions - Movement of logs, chips and pulp between logging sites and/or mill - 3 to 30 miles between starts and stops (typical) - 90% of loaded operation on road surfaces of concrete, asphalt, maintained gravel, crushed rock or hard packed dirt and up to 10% of loaded operation into sandy or muddy job sites - 100% load going and empty return Typical Vehicles Types Chip Hauler Log Hauler Straight Truck With Trailer Tractors with Pole Trailers Mining Definitions - Movement of rock, ore, gra
Motorhome Definitions - Vehicles generally used for non-commercial transportation and as traveling domiciles for families - May pull small passenger car, SUV or pick-up - Typical vehicle routes exceed 30 miles between start and stop - Annual mileage will be under 30,000 - Typical operation is on paved roads and short distances within campgrounds and parks Typical Vehicle Types Recreational Vehicles Oil Field Definitions - Movement of production related products, supplies and tools between job sites -
Refuse Definitions - Vehicles used for residential refuse/recycle pickup, on adverse grades up to 20%, typically a high number of stops per mile - Or, vehicles operated in commercial/industrial pickup, on adverse grades up to 20%, typically a low number of stops per mile - Or, vehicles used in transfer/relocation on maximum grades of 8%, typically greater than 10 mile trips - 90% of loaded operation on road surfaces of concrete, asphalt or maintained gravel and up to 10% of loaded operation into landfill,
School Bus Definitions - Transporting students to and from school and/or school related events - Operation on road surfaces of concrete, asphalt, maintained gravel, crushed rock, or hard packed dirt - Two (2) stops per mile are considered typical - 100% load going / empty return (typical) Typical Vehicle Types Front Engine Commercial Chassis Rear Engine Integral Coach Front Engine Integral Coach Transit Coach Definitions - Transporting people in and around city or suburban areas - Operation on well-
5- Application Approval Procedure Automatic submission - Application Approval Database In addition, requests can be submitted using the Dana Commercial Vehicle Systems Applications Approval Database found at the following site: http://www.cvsengineering.com Applicants must have a user ID and password from Dana Applications Engineering prior to use.
6- Glossary of Terms ABS – Antilock Brake System; ABS electronically monitors wheel speed and prevents wheel lock-up by rapidly cycling the brakes during panic stops and when stopping on low-friction surfaces.
Integral knuckle – one piece steel knuckle forging made with both steer and tie rod arms forged into one piece. Jam Nut – second nut on a screw or bolt which locks against the first nut (i.e., jams against it so that the nut won't come loose). Kingpin – front axle pin allowing wheels to steer vehicle. Kingpin angle – angle of the kingpin in relation to a vertical line at the point of intersection on the ground at tire contact as viewed from the front or back.
Steering knuckle – the inner portion of the spindle that is connected to and pivots on the kingpin allowing the wheels to turn while under load. Stop screw – a combination screw and lock nut arrangement that limits the angular travel of the steer knuckle in a steer axle. Tag axle – a "dead axle" (no driving capability) used to give vehicle more weight carrying capacity. A tag axle is behind the drive axle.
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Aftermarket Group ForDana spec‘ing or service assistance, call 1.800.621.8084 or visit our website at www.spicerparts.com PO Box 321 Toledo, Ohio 43697-0321 Warehouse Distributor: Dana Commercial Vehicle1.800.621.8084 Products Group OE Technology Dealers: 1.877.777.5360 3939 Drive Maumee, Ohio, USA 43537 www.spicerparts.com www.dana.com AXAG-0400 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright Dana Limited, 2012. All rights reserved. Dana Limited.
