SURVEY PRO for Ranger User’s Manual ©2008 Tripod Data Systems, Inc.
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Table of Contents Welcome ________________________________________________ 1 Getting Started __________________________________________ 3 Manual Conventions _______________________________ Survey Pro Installation______________________________ Registering ________________________________________ Angle and Time Conventions ________________________ 3 4 4 6 Azimuths _________________________________________________ 6 Bearings __________________________________________________ 6 Time _________________________
Feature Codes ____________________________________ 37 Features __________________________________________________ 38 Attributes ________________________________________________ 38 Using Feature Codes in Survey Pro___________________________ 39 Layers ___________________________________________ 40 Layer 0 ___________________________________________________ 40 Other Special Layers _______________________________________ 40 Managing Layers __________________________________________ 41 Working with 2D Points
Putting the Road Together _________________________ Staking the Road __________________________________ Slope Staking the Road ____________________________ Station Equation __________________________________ 84 91 93 95 DTM Stakeout __________________________________________ 97 Reference DTM Surface ____________________________ 97 Set Up the Job ____________________________________ 98 Select Your Layers________________________________________ 100 Select a Boundary (optional) _____________________________
The Remote Control Screen ________________________________ 143 Taking a Shot in Remote Mode _____________________________ 144 Stake Out in Remote Mode _________________________________ 145 Slope Staking in Remote Mode _____________________________ 146 GeoLock ________________________________________ 147 Configuring GeoLock _____________________________________ 148 Localizing _______________________________________________ 149 Using GeoLock ___________________________________________ 149 Slope Staking ____
Compass Rule ___________________________________________ 175 Adjust Sideshots _________________________________________ 175 Performing a Traverse Adjustment _________________________ 176 Surface Scan_____________________________________ 178 Leveling Fieldwork_____________________________________ 183 Key Terms ______________________________________________ 183 Leveling Set Up__________________________________ 184 Leveling Methods ________________________________________ 185 Level Loop Procedure __________
GPS Module ___________________________________________243 Receiver Settings _________________________________ 244 RTK Settings _____________________________________________ 247 Post Processing Settings ___________________________________ 247 Start GPS Survey_________________________________ 247 Start GPS Survey – Choose One Point Setup __________________ 248 Start GPS Survey - Choose Projection Mode __________________ 248 Start GPS Survey – Choose Geoid ___________________________ 249 Start GPS Survey – C
Start Survey – Connect to Rover (Remote Base or Internet Base)_ 313 Hanging Up and Redialing a Cellular Phone _________________ 315 Solve Projection__________________________________ 315 Localization Quality of Solutions ___________________________ 321 Connect to Base and Rover – TDS Localization ‘One Point Setup’ __________________________________________ 323 Traverse Base____________________________________ 324 Traverse Now Routine ____________________________________ 325 Occupy Then Traverse Routine___
Welcome Congratulations on your decision to purchase a Tripod Data Systems product. TDS is serious about providing the best possible products to our customers and know that you are serious about your tools. We are proud to welcome you to the TDS family. Survey Pro can be run in three modes: Conventional, Leveling and one of two versions of GPS. The first portion of this User's Manual explains how to get started with Survey Pro no matter which mode you are running in.
Getting Started TDS Survey Pro is available with the following modules, each sold separately: • • • • • • • Standard Pro Basic GPS GPS Robotic Leveling Trimble System Extension Throughout the manual and software, it is simply called Survey Pro. For a listing of which features are included in each product, contact your local TDS dealer. This manual covers the routines that are available in all of the different modules.
User’s Manual Survey Pro Installation Survey Pro is installed from the Installation CD running on a PC. It will load Survey Pro and then install it on the data collector with the next ActiveSync connection. 1. Turn on the data collector and connect it to your PC. If you are using ActiveSync it will attempt to make a connection. 2. With an ActiveSync connection, you will be asked if you want to install TDS Survey Pro. Answering YES will install the application on the Recon.
Getting Started Enter the registration code provided by your TDS dealer in the Registration Code field and tap Register. This will register all of the modules that you have purchased. If there are modules that you feel should be registered but are not, contact TDS tech support. Add-on modules can also be purchased from your local TDS dealer to upgrade your TDS Survey Software.
User’s Manual Angle and Time Conventions Throughout the software, the following conventions are followed when inputting or outputting angles and time: Azimuths Azimuths are entered in degree-minutes-seconds format and are represented as DD.MMSSsss, where: One or more digits representing the degrees. Two digits representing the minutes. Two digits representing the seconds. Zero or more digits representing the decimal fraction part of the seconds. For example, 212.
Getting Started Using Survey Pro To start Survey Pro, tap Start > Programs > Survey Pro cannot start without a job being open so the Welcome to Survey Pro screen will ask if you want to open a recently opened job, open an existing job, or create a new job. For this example we will create a new job so you can begin exploring the software. Selections and cursor control in Survey Pro can be made by simply tapping the screen with your finger or a stylus.
User’s Manual 1. Tap the New… button. The Create a New Job dialog box will open, which prompts you for a job name where the current date is the default name. 2. Either type in a new job name or accept the default name. Control points can optionally be used or imported from another existing job by checking the Use or Import a Control File checkbox. (See Page 31 for more information on control files.) For this example, leave this unchecked and tap Next > to continue.
Getting Started Note: The settings and values entered for a new job become the default values for any subsequent new jobs with the exception of the Use Scale Factor setting, which always defaults to off. Navigating Within the Program The starting point in Survey Pro, which appears once a job is open, is called the Main Menu, shown here. All the screens that are available in Survey Pro are accessed starting from the Main Menu.
User’s Manual bottom of each column. If one of these buttons appears blank, it indicates that you can scroll no further in that direction. When the desired menu item is selected, it can be activated by tapping it or pressing the [Enter] key on the keypad. Command Bar The command bar is the top portion of each Survey Pro screen and it contains buttons that are appropriate for the current screen. All of the possible buttons are described below.
Getting Started Surveying Mode The instrument icon indicates which collection mode the software is running in. There are three possible surveying modes: Conventional, GPS, and Leveling. Tapping this icon will open a list of options to do any of the following: • Switch to another instrument mode. • Quickly select a different instrument profile. (See the Instrument Settings screen in the Reference Manual for more information.) • Quickly access the Instrument Settings screen.
User’s Manual GPS Status This is used to view the current status and access the settings for a GPS receiver when using the GeoLock feature (Page 147). This is only available from the Remote Control and Remote Shot screens when using a supported robotic total station. Parts of a Screen Many screens share common features. To illustrate some of these features, we will examine parts of the Backsight Setup screen, shown here. You can access the Backsight Setup screen by selecting .
Getting Started Power Buttons The Backsight Setup screen contains two power buttons. Power buttons are typically used to provide alternate methods of entering or modifying data in the corresponding field. To use a power button, simply tap it. Once tapped, a dropdown list will appear with several choices. The choices available vary depending on with which field the power button is associated with. Simply tap the desired choice from the dropdown list.
User’s Manual Index Cards Many screens actually consist of multiple screens. The different screens are selected by tapping on various tabs, which look like the tabs on index cards. The tabs can appear along the top of the screen or the right edge. The Backsight Setup screen consists of two cards. One is titled Input, and the other is titled Map. The Settings screen has a variant of the Index Card format for accessing several screens and is discussed in more detail starting on Page 27.
Getting Started inches where each value is separated by a space and the fraction is entered using a forward slash (/). For example, to enter 3 feet, 6 and 3/32 inches, you would key in 3 6 3/32. Once the cursor leaves that field, the distance will automatically be converted to the appropriate decimal distance. If working with distances under 1 foot, it is acceptable to exclude the feet value; for example "8 5/64" would be interpreted as 8 and 5/64 inches.
User’s Manual Point List Editor Many screens contain a button, which accesses the Select Point(s) screen that allows you to enter a simple list of points or a list of points that describe a line that can contain curves. Examples of how to enter different lists of points are displayed in the lower portion of the screen. Once the list is entered, tap to return to the previous screen. Note: Spaces in point lists are ignored. They are only used in the examples for clarity.
Getting Started Entering Distances in Other Units When a distance is entered in a particular field, it is normally entered using the same units that are configured for the current job, but distances can also be entered that are expressed in other distance units. When entering a distance that is expressed in units that do not match those configured for the job, you simply append the entered distance with the abbreviation for the type of units entered.
User’s Manual Quick Pick The button is called the Quick Pick button. This button is used to quickly access any of several commonly-used routines. The list of routines available from the Quick Pick button can be customized and sorted in any order. To access a screen with the Quick Pick button, first tap and then tap the desired routine. Customizing the Quick Pick List If you want to customize the Quick Pick list, tap and then scroll to the bottom of the list and tap Edit Quick Pick.
Getting Started The new routine will initially be placed at the bottom of the list. To move it elsewhere in the list, select it and tap the Move Up or Move Down buttons. (Any other routines in the Quick Pick list can also be repositioned in this way.) To remove a routine from the Quick Pick list, select it and tap the <-- Remove button. Tapping the Defaults button will revert the custom list back to the default list. Since any changes will be lost, a prompt will first ask if you are sure.
User’s Manual down list. The preset configuration for the selected Smart Target will be automatically set. Manage Smart Targets Select Manage Smart Targets from the same drop-down list described above to access the Manage Smart Targets screen. From here you can create a new custom Smart Target or edit any existing Smart Target. Survey Pro includes two foresight Smart Targets called My Prism and My Reflectorless, respectively and one backsight Smart Target called My Backsight Prism.
Getting Started To create a new Smart Target tap the Add… button. To edit an existing target, tap it from the list to select it and then tap Edit… . Either option will open the Edit Smart Target screen. The Smart Target Name you provide will be shown in the drop-down list when you switch between Smart Targets. The Target Type field determines how the EDM will be configured on the total station when taking shots to the Smart Target.
User’s Manual HR field showing the HR entered plus the offset. (The raw data file will also clearly note when a rod height offset is being applied.) The Prism Constant field should contain the prism constant for the prism associated with this Smart Target as long as a prism constant is not also set in the total station. If a prism constant is set in Survey Pro and on the total station, it will be applied twice resulting in incorrect distance measurements for every shot.
Getting Started There are different map views depending on from where the map view is accessed and they can display slightly different information such as a vertical profile. The main map view is accessed from the Main Menu by tapping the button at the bottom of the screen in the command bar. If you are using basemaps, it is from this map view where the basemaps are managed. All other map views are accessed by tapping the variety of screens.
User’s Manual Increase Vertical Scale: is only available when viewing a vertical profile. Each time it is tapped, the vertical scale of the view is increased. Decrease Vertical Scale: is only available when viewing a vertical profile. Each time it is tapped, the vertical scale of the view is decreased. Zoom Preview Button: will display only the points that are currently in use (only available from certain map view screens). Map Display Options: Accesses the Map Display Options screen, described below.
Getting Started • Before you can use a basemap in Survey Pro, you need to copy the appropriate basemap files from a PC to the same directory where your current job is located. If the basemap files are stored in a different directory and then added to the current job, the files will be copied to the job’s directory. • If you use the Save As routine and save the current job to a new directory, any basemaps associated with that job will be copied to the new location.
User’s Manual Basemaps are drawn to the screen in the reverse order that they are listed in the Manage Basemaps screen, where the first basemap in the list is the last one drawn, and thus, will be drawn "on top" of any other basemaps. This is important to remember if any basemaps overlap since if a raster basemap were drawn on top of another basemap, it would cover any basemaps below it. The list shown contains a vector basemap, tds.
Getting Started 8. The colors of the objects in vector basemaps can be modified by selecting the basemap and then tapping Edit… to open the Edit Basemap screen. The Settings Screen The Settings screen is used to control all of the settings available for your total station, data collector, current job, and Survey Pro software. Most of the settings remain unchanged unless you deliberately change them, meaning the default settings are whatever they were set to last.
User’s Manual • GPS setup information such as localization, mapping plane, etc. (Requires GPS Module) The Settings screen actually consists of several independent screens where each individual screen contains different types of settings. There are two ways to navigate to the various screens. The first method is to tap the button to drop down the list of available screens and then tap on the desired screen from the list to open it.
Getting Started analysis tools, geodetic tools including projection setups, and the capability to convert TDS data files into many other formats, including LandXML, for use in CAD. ForeSight DXM makes the field-to-office and the office-to-field process seamless and easy. If you don’t already own a copy of ForeSight DXM, contact your TDS Dealer for more information. You can also download a full-featured demonstration copy of ForeSight DXM from the TDS Web site at www.tdsway.com.
User’s Manual Raw Data Files A raw data file is an ASCII text file that is automatically generated whenever a new job is created on Survey Pro and cannot be created using any other method. It has the same file name as the current job file (the job name), followed by the *.RAW extension. A raw data file is essentially a log of everything that occurred in the field. All activity that can create or modify a point is written to a raw data file.
Getting Started Control Files The current job can be configured to access the points from another job stored on the data collector. When the current job is using points from another job, that other job is called a Control File and the points in the control file are called Control Points. (Any non-point objects in a control file are always ignored.
User’s Manual External Control File When using an external control file, the points in the control file are simply linked to the current job and do not become a permanent part of the current job. Because of this, an external control file can later be unlinked, or cleared from the current job. Some users prefer to keep a set of known points in a separate control file when repeatedly working on new jobs in the same general area.
Getting Started Description Files A Description File is used to automate the task of entering descriptions for points when they are stored. They are especially useful when the same description is used frequently. A description file is a text file containing a list of the descriptions that you will want to use with a particular job. The file itself is usually created on a PC, using any ASCII text editor such as Notepad, which is included with Microsoft Windows.
User’s Manual To use a description from a description file without codes, simply start typing in any Description field. Once you start typing a description, a dropdown list should appear displaying all of the descriptions that are in the description file in alphabetical order. If a list does not appear, confirm the Show Description List Automatically checkbox is marked in the Description Settings screen.
Getting Started Description Files with Codes A description file that uses codes is similar to those without codes, except a code precedes each description in the file. A sample description file with codes is shown here. The following rules apply to description files that use codes: • Each line contains a code/description pair. • The code must be followed by a single space or tab, and then the description. • A description code can consist of up to seven characters with no spaces.
User’s Manual Opening a Description File Once a description file is loaded on the data collector, it must be associated with the current job. This takes place in the Job > Settings > Descriptions screen. Check the box of the type of description file you want to associate with the job and use the corresponding Browse button to navigate to and select the file. You can associate both a description file with codes and one without simultaneously if desired.
Getting Started Feature Codes As explained above, a description or descriptor codes can be used to help describe a point prior to storing it, but this can be a limited solution for describing certain points. Survey Pro also allows you to describe any object using feature codes. Feature codes can be used to describe objects quickly and in more detail than a standard text description, particularly when data is collected for several points that fit into the same category.
User’s Manual Features The primary part of a feature code is called a feature. Features generally describe what an object is. Two types of features are used in Survey Pro: points and lines, which are described below. When assigning a feature to data that was collected in Survey Pro, only features of the same type are available for selection. For example, if selecting a feature to describe a point in a job, only the point features are displayed.
Getting Started • Menu Attributes A menu attribute is an attribute that is selected from a pull-down menu rather than typed in from the keypad. Menu items can also have submenu items. For example, you could have a feature labeled Utility with a pull-down menu labeled Type containing Pole and Pedestal. There could also be sub-menu items available that could be used to describe the pole or pedestal in more detail.
User’s Manual Layers Survey Pro uses layers to help manage the data in a job. Any number of layers can exist in a job and any new objects can be assigned to any particular layer. For example, a common set of points can be stored on one layer and another set can be stored on a different layer. The visibility of any layer can be toggled on and off, which gives full control over the data that is displayed in a map view. This is useful to reduce clutter in a job that contains several objects.
Getting Started Similarly, whenever a new job is created, a Points layer is automatically created and selected as the active layer. The active layer is the default layer where any new objects will be stored. Managing Layers You can configure Survey Pro to prompt for a layer whenever an object is stored. If this prompt is turned off, any new objects that are stored will simply be stored to the active layer. There are three screens within the Job Settings screen to configure this prompt.
User’s Manual Creating a New Layer A new layer can be created by tapping New… , which opens the New Layer dialog box where a name and if the new layer should be visible is entered. Changing a Layer Name or Visibility Selecting a layer and then tapping Edit… opens the Edit Layer dialog box where the name and visibility can be changed for the selected layer. You can also edit a layer by double-tapping on it. (Layer 0 cannot be renamed.) Deleting a Layer You can only delete an empty layer.
Getting Started Working with 2D Points Most people work with 3D points, but Survey Pro also allows you to work with 2D points (points without elevations). You can also work with a combination of both 3D and 2D points. It is important to remember that data collected from a 2D point will also be 2D, so care should be taken when working without elevations. To assist the user, various warnings will appear when working with 2D points.
User’s Manual "Note: Selected occupy point has no elevation. All points computed with this point will have no elevation computed for them." An elevation adjustment on a traverse containing any 2D points is not possible. If an attempt is made to do so, the following message is displayed: "Traverse contains a 2D point. Cannot adjust elevations." Point Stake When performing point stake using a 2D point, no cut/fill information is provided.
Getting Started Polylines Lines can be added to your project that can represent anything such as a roadway, a building, or a lot boundary. These lines are referred to as polylines. Polylines can be compared to the point lists used in other TDS data collection software. They can consist of several individual curved and straight sections. A point must be stored in the project for all the locations on the polyline where a new section begins and ends.
User’s Manual Once all the horizontal and vertical alignment segments are defined, Survey Pro merges the information to create a single 3-dimensional line. The vertical alignment (VAL) must be equal in length or greater than the horizontal alignment. The HAL must not be greater than the VAL. Creating an Alignment In this step-by-step example, we will create an alignment that has all the possible horizontal and vertical segment types. 1. Select .Job , Edit Alignments from the Main Menu.
Getting Started Horizontal Alignment 4. Tap the HAL (Horizontal Alignment) tab and then tap the Insert button. This will open the Insert Segment screen where the first horizontal alignment segment can be defined. 5. Tap the Line tab to insert a straight line segment. Enter a Length of 100 and an Azimuth of 0. 6. Tap to add the segment to the horizontal alignment. You will return to the Edit Alignment screen where the new segment is displayed.
User’s Manual Note: A new segment can be inserted between two existing segments by selecting the existing segment that is to occur after the new segment and then tapping the Insert button. 10. With End selected, tap the Insert button again and then tap the Spiral tab to insert a spiral curve. 11. Enter a Radius of 100, a Length of 200, select a Right of turn and a CS to ST direction, and check the Make this segment tangent to previous checkbox. 12. Tap to add the segment to the horizontal alignment.
Getting Started Vertical Alignment We have now added all available horizontal segment types. Next, we will define the vertical alignment. Since the horizontal and vertical alignments are defined independently of each other, the first vertical segment that is defined will start at the same POB defined above in Step 3. 13. Tap the VAL (Vertical Alignment) tab and then tap the Insert button. 14. Tap the V. Grade tab to insert a grade. Enter a Length of 150 and a Grade of 4%. 15.
User’s Manual 18. Tap the General tab and enter a Description of Roadway. 19. Tap from the Edit Alignment screen to return to the Add/Edit Alignments screen where the new alignment is stored and displayed. You have now created a new alignment using all the available types of segments. You can select the new alignment for use in the Offset Staking, Offset Points and Offset Lines routines.
Conventional Fieldwork This section will explain how to get started using Survey Pro to collect data from a total station and perform stake out. It is assumed that you are familiar with the operation of your total station. (GPS surveying begins on Page 199.) The first section describes the backsight setup procedures for various scenarios. The next section walks you through the steps involved to setup and perform a simple side shot and traverse shot.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Scenario One You know the coordinates and locations for two points on your lot and want to occupy one and use the other as a backsight. Solution 1. Create a job using the coordinates for one of the known points as the first point. 2. Use the Edit Points routine to add a second point using the coordinates for the remaining known point. 3.
Conventional Fieldwork 5. Aim the total station toward the second point, zero the horizontal angle on the instrument, and tap Solve , then (close). You are now ready to start your survey. You may want to take a side shot from the Traverse Sideshot screen to the backsight point so that you have coordinates for it. The horizontal angle would remain at zero during this shot.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Scenario Four You have only one known point on a job. Solution You have two options in this situation. One, you can assume an azimuth for an arbitrary backsight reference and rotate the job later using the Rotate routine once you have determined the actual orientation. Secondly, you can use the Sun Shot routine to determine an azimuth to an arbitrary reference. Summary In general, you would follow these steps when you begin working on a job. 1.
Conventional Fieldwork Note: If the Backsight Circle displays a non-zero value, the angle displayed is subtracted from all horizontal angles that are read during data collection and the resulting points are adjusted accordingly. This will happen after survey with true azimuths or performing stakeout in a special mode. If you do not want this to happen, you should change this value to zero from the Backsight Circle dialog box by tapping the Backsight Circle button.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Data Collection Example This section illustrates the necessary setup and usage of the Traverse / Side Shot screen, which is the primary screen used during data collection. We will create a new job and manually add another point to the job to use as a backsight. We will run in manual mode so the shot data must be entered manually.
Conventional Fieldwork d. For this example, simply accept the default job settings and tap Next > . Note: When creating a new job, it is important that the Units for Distances field be set to the correct units. This allows you to seamlessly switch between different units in mid-job. Problems can arise if these units are inadvertently set to the incorrect units prior to entering new data.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 2. Check the Job Settings. a. Tap Job , Settings from the Main Menu to open the Settings screen. b. Select the Instrument card if it is not already selected and make sure the Manual Mode profile is activated. If the symbol is not shown next to it, select Manual Mode and tap Activate . c. For this example, select the Surveying Settings card and un-check all the checkboxes. d. Tap to save the job settings. 3. Add a backsight point to the job. a.
Conventional Fieldwork b. Tap Insert… and enter a new point using the General and Location cards with the following values, as shown: Point Name: 2 Northing: 5050 Easting: 5050 Elevation: 100 Description: Backsight and then tap . 4. Set up your backsight. In this example, we will set up on Point 1 and backsight Point 2, which was just created. a. Access the Survey , Backsight Setup screen. b. In the Occupy Point field, enter 1 as the point name.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode c. Enter an HI and HR of 5 feet each. d. Toggle the .BS Direction. / .BS Point. button to BS Point. and enter 2 as the point name. e. Leave the Fixed HR at Backsight field unchecked. f. Tap Solve… to open the Backsight Solved screen. g. Confirm that the BS Circle value is zero. If not, change it to zero. h. Tap the Send Circle button. This would normally zero the horizontal angle on the instrument and is a required step to properly exit from the screen. 60 i.
Conventional Fieldwork Performing a Side Shot 5. Access the Survey , Traverse / Sideshot screen and fill in the appropriate fields. The backsight information is displayed at the top of the screen. At this point, it is assumed that your total station is over the occupy point and its horizontal angle was zeroed while aiming toward the backsight. a.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode d. You can see a graphical representation of the previous shot by tapping the Map tab. See Page 22 for more information on the Map View. Performing a Traverse Shot 6. The steps involved in performing a traverse shot are nearly identical to performing a side shot. The difference is you must specify if you plan to move the total station to the current foresight point after the shot is taken. a. Tap the Input tab of the Traverse / Sideshot.
Conventional Fieldwork d. The new point is computed and stored and the Traverse Now or Later prompt will open, shown here, asking if you want to advance to the new point now or later. For this example, tap the .Traverse Now. button. The New Occupy Point dialog box will open, shown here, which displays details of the new setup. You can see that the previous foresight point is now the current occupy point and the previous occupy point is now the current backsight point. e.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode When out in the field, you would now move your total station over the new occupy point, aim it toward the previous occupy point (the current backsight), enter the correct instrument height in the Height of Instrument field and tap .Send Circle to Instrument . This would update the Traverse / Side Shot screen and set the total station’s horizontal angle to zero where you are then ready to collect more data.
Conventional Fieldwork Stakeout Example When setting up to perform stakeout, the requirements are nearly the same as with data collection. You need an existing occupy point, backsight point or direction, and a foresight. The main difference is existing points are being located during stakeout rather than new points being collected. In the example below, all of the steps required to perform a simple point-staking job are explained from the initial setup to the staking itself.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Set Up 1. Open the job that was created in the Traverse / Side Shot Example if it is not already open. a. From the Main Menu, select File , Open / New to open the Open / New screen. b. Tap the file name that was created earlier listed in the Open Recent Job list and then tap .Open . The coordinates for that job are shown here. 2. Set the job settings. (Only the settings that affect this example are covered here.) a. Select Job , Settings from the Main Menu. b.
Conventional Fieldwork a. Access the Survey , Backsight Setup screen from the Main Menu. b. In the Occupy Point field, enter 1 as the point name. c. Toggle the .BS Direction. / .BS Point. button to BS Direction. and enter 0 as the backsight azimuth. d. Enter an HI and HR of 5 feet. e. f. Leave the Fixed HR at Backsight field unchecked. Confirm that the Backsight Circle value is zero. If it displays a non-zero value, tap the .Backsight Circle. button and set it to zero. g. Tap Solve .
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode c. The second Stake Points screen will open that displays all of the information needed to locate the design point. When connected to a total station, you would turn the total station horizontally to 45°00’00", vertically to 90°00’00" and send the rod man out about 70 feet before continuing. Tap the Stake >. button to continue to the third screen. d. With a Height of rod of 5, tap the Shot. button. (See the Reference Manual for an explanation of the other fields.) e.
Conventional Fieldwork h. According to the screen, the rod must now move FORWARD by 0.089 feet to be over the design point. We will assume that this is close enough and will store the point from this shot by tapping the Store… button. i. Enter the following point information: Point Name: 5 Description: Staked and tap . This will return you to the first Stake Points screen. 5. Stake the next design point. a. We want to stake the next design point in the project.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode d. The rod needs to move back by 0.2 feet to be over the design point. Rather than take another shot, we will use a tape measure and place a stake at that location. Tap the .Store/Tape… button to store the point. e. Enter the following data in the Store Point (Tape Offset) Dialog Box: Point Name: 6 Description: Staked Tape Out/Tape In (+/-): 0.2 and tap . This will result in coordinates for the stored point that are 0.
Conventional Fieldwork Surveying with True Azimuths Some people need to collect all of their horizontal angles in the form of azimuths. Survey Pro can help automate this process by computing the backsight azimuth after each new setup in a traverse and updating the backsight circle and total station’s horizontal angle accordingly. 1. You can setup on any existing point and use any other point in the job as a backsight if the coordinate system is properly aligned with true north.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 7. Begin your survey. When you traverse to a new point, the New Occupy Point dialog box will open showing you the azimuth computed to the new backsight point from the new occupy point. Once you are setup over the new occupy point, and aiming toward the new backsight point, press the .Send Circle to Instrument. button to update the Backsight Circle value and the horizontal angle on the total station. Repeat this step after setting up on each new traverse point.
Road Layout The Road Menu contains a powerful set of routines that allow you to enter and modify road layout information and then stake the road in the field. The road staking routines allow you to stake any part of the road or slope stake the road. There are four basic components of a road: The Horizontal Alignment; the Vertical Alignment; Templates, and a POB. All of these components are described separately below and each is a required component to a complete road definition.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode roadbed, curb face, top of curb, ditch, etc. Each road alignment can contain as many templates as required to define the roadway, but all the templates used on one side of the road must have the same number of segments. Templates can be further modified using widenings and super elevations: Widenings are used to widen or to narrow the first segment of a template. The remaining segments of the template are not affected.
Road Layout Road Component Rules The following section defines how the various components described above work together to form the road. This information is important because how each component reacts to the other component affects the shape of the resulting road. Alignments 1. The alignment must have both HAL and VAL segments. 2. The VAL must be equal to, or longer than the HAL. Templates 1.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 3. A template’s first segment slope and/or width will be modified when: • A template is located within a Super Elevation or Widening definition including starting and ending stations and inside Widening or Super Elevation transition areas. • Templates will acquire first segment slope value from the Super Elevation definition, and/or acquire its first segment width value from the Widening definition. 4. Only one template may occupy any station. • As little as 0.
Road Layout • Exception: if the Widening or Super Elevation is the last element in the road, it’s end transition value does not have to match anything. 5. Super Elevation and Widening ending stations must be greater than their beginning stations. 6. Widenings cannot adjust the first segment horizontal distance to or from 0. 7. Super Elevations and a Widenings may overlap, are independent, and do not affect each other. 8. Super Elevations may not overlap other Super Elevations.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Road Rules Examples Figure 1 Overhead view of a template-to-template linear transition Figure 2 Template to Widening Transition 78
Road Layout Figure 3 Widening to Template Transition Figure 4 Widening to Widening Transition 79
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Figure 5 Template Inserted Into A Widening Area Figure Descriptions Figure 1 shows an overhead view of a simple transition from one template to another. Notice the linear transition of one template segment end node to the next. Figure 2 shows an overhead view of a basic template to widening transition. The widening’s first segment width for the start station must match the first segment width of the previous template.
Road Layout whatever the widening says the width of the first segment should be at the station where the template is inserted. Also notice in Figure 5 that we have defined a widening with the start width the same as the end width. This can be a handy tool to use if you need to widen the road for a relatively long distance but also need to change the template segments outside the first segment.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 1. Tap Roads , Edit Templates to open the Add/Edit Templates screen. 2. Tap New… to open the New Template screen. The Cut Slope and Fill Slope values are the slopes to compute the location of catch points with the Road Slope Staking routine. These values can also be easily changed from that routine. 3. Tap Insert… . This will open the Edit Segment dialog box. Enter the following information to define the first segment, which will be a 20-foot wide roadbed with a -2% slope.
Road Layout 5. With selected, tap Insert… and enter the following data to add a new segment that will describe the face of a curb. Notice you need to toggle the Slope button to V. Offset and select the ~U radio button to specify that the curb extends upward. Segment Name: Curb Horizontal Distance: 0 Vert Dist: ~U 0.5 6. Tap to return to the New Template screen where the new curb segment will appear. 7. With selected, tap Insert… and enter the following data to add a sidewalk and then tap .
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 9. Tap from the New Template screen and the Save As screen will open. Enter T1 in the Name field and tap . This completes the creation of a template. Building an Alignment The Edit Alignments routine is used to create an alignment and is explained in detail starting on Page 45.
Road Layout Add Templates to the Alignment 1. Tap Roads Edit Roads to open the Add/Edit Roads screen. 2. Since we are creating a new road, tap New… to open the New Road screen. 3. With the Road tab selected, enter a name for the road in the Road Name field. In this example, we used Example. 4. Tap the Choose Alignment… button and select an alignment. In this example, we selected the Roadway alignment created on Page 45. Tap to continue. 5.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 7. The next step is to add the templates. We will use the template created earlier to define both sides of the road. Tap the Templates tab. 8. With selected in the Left column, tap the Add… button. This opens the Add Left Template screen, which allows you to add a template to the left side of the road. 9. All the available templates will be displayed in the Template column. Select the T1 template, created earlier. 10.
Road Layout Add Widenings 12. Tap the Widenings tab. We will define a widening where a new lane will begin in the right side of the road. 13. Tap in the Right column and then tap the Add… button. This opens the Add Right Widening screen, which allows you to add a widening to the right side of the road 14. In the Start Station field, enter 0+25. This is where the widening will begin. 15. The length of the widening is 100 feet so toggle the End Station button to Length and enter 100. 16.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Add Super Elevations 19. Tap the Super Elevations tab where we will insert a super elevation at the beginning and end of a curve for the left and right sides of the road. 20. With selected in the Left column, tap the Add… button. This opens the Add Left Super Elevation screen, which allows you to add a super elevation to the left side of the road. 21. We will start the super elevation 100 feet from the beginning of the road so enter 1+00 in the Start Station field.
Road Layout 27. With selected in the Left column, tap the Add… button again. 28. From the Add Left Super Elevation screen we will start the transition out of the super elevation 200 feet from the beginning of the road so enter 2+00 in the Start Station field. 29. The super elevation will return to the original slope after 25 feet so enter 2+25 in the End Station field. 30.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 34. Enter the following data just as you did for the left side of the road and then tap . Start Station: 1+0 End Station: 1+25 Slope 1: -2 Slope 2: -8 (note this is a negative value) Parabolic Transition 1: 0.0 Parabolic Transition 2: 0.0 Hinge on: Center 35. With selected in the Right column, tap the Add… button again to add the final super elevation. 36. Enter the following data to describe the second super elevation on the right side of the road and then tap .
Road Layout Staking the Road With your road fully designed, you are now ready to stake the road. Staking a road is a simple and intuitive process. If you are familiar with point staking, you should be able to easily stake a road. This section explains how to get started using the Stake Road routine and then refers you to the point staking example when the screens become identical. 1. Tap Roads Road Stakeout to open the Stake Road screen. 2. Tap the Tap Road… button to open the Tap on a Road screen.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode current station. Each press of either of these buttons will advance the selection to the next node and display the name of the selected segment in the middle of the screen. The selected node is show in the graphic portion of the screen as a circle. You can stake a horizontal offset to the actual point selected by checking the Offset checkbox and entering the desired offset in the corresponding field.
Road Layout Slope Staking the Road The road slope staking procedure is nearly identical to the non-road layout slope staking routine described on Page 143. The main difference is the road layout templates can contain more segments, which modifies the options of where the hinge point should be located depending on if a cut or a fill is required.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 8. The Cut Slopes and Fill Slopes are automatically set to the values contained in the template being slope staked. You can override these values by checking the appropriate boxes and changing the values accordingly. When doing this, the new cut/fill slopes entered will always be used regardless of the values stored in the templates. Fill slopes do not need to be entered as negative values since Survey Pro knows that these are negative slopes. 9.
Road Layout 11. Tap the Stake CP > button to continue to the next screen where the catch points at the current station can be located. This screen is identical to the screens used in the non-road layout slope staking routine. If you are not familiar with these screens, refer to Page 153. 12.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode station, you must append it with a (2), otherwise it will be interpreted as a back station. Two of the stakeout settings should be considered when using a station equation: • When Stake "Corners", Not Just Even Intervals is checked, the location where the stationing changes will be considered a corner and will be included as you advance forward.
DTM Stakeout The Stake DTM routine allows you to stake an area and get cut/fill information between the point being staked and a reference DTM surface at the same horizontal coordinates. You can also obtain volume information between the surface being staked and a specified reference elevation or the reference DTM surface. Reference DTM Surface DTM Stakeout requires a DTM surface that defines the reference elevations for the area that you plan to stake.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Set Up the Job 1. If your reference layer is defined by a DXF or DTM file, it must first be loaded into the data collector. 2. From the Main Menu, tap Stakeout , Stake DTM to open the Stake DTM screen. 3. In the DTM Source field, select if your DTM reference surface will be defined by a Layer or File and then select the layer or tap the power button, then Browse and select the appropriate DTM or DXF file.
DTM Stakeout 4. The name entered in the Store Point field will be used for the first point that is stored. Future points will be stored with the next available point names. Enter the rod height in the HR field. 5. You have the option of selecting a centerline to get offset and stationing information for the staked points. Checking the With C.L.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Select Your Layers 7. Tap Layers… from the Setup DTM 3D screen to open the Layers (Stake DTM) screen. a. Select the layer that you want to use for the stake points and other objects that exist on the surface you are staking. These points will be used to generate a DTM surface to compare to the reference DTM surface. b.
DTM Stakeout a. All the polylines in the current job are displayed. Select the appropriate polyline and tap to return to the Setup DTM 3D screen. 9. If a boundary is used, you must also select one of the two radio buttons in the Setup DTM 3D screen: ~ Exclude points…: will move any objects that occur outside the selected boundary to the Auxiliary layer. ~ Discard the boundary…: will initially move any points that exist outside the boundary to the Auxiliary layer.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 10. To select a break line, tap the Breaklines… button to open the Add/Edit Break lines screen. If any break lines have already been selected, they will be listed here. a. To add an existing break line, tap the Add Existing… button. This will display all the polylines in the current job. Select the desired polyline and tap . This will move the selected polyline to the (non-reference) DTM layer. b.
DTM Stakeout Stake the DTM 13. With the information correctly entered in the Stake DTM screen, tap Next > to continue. 14. The second Stake DTM screen will open with a graphic that shows the reference DTM, the centerline, if used, and any break lines. Tap the Take Shot… button to take a shot. 15.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode View the DTM 17. Tap 3D View… to access the 3D View screen. While staking points, you should periodically tap this button to view what the current DTM surface looks like. This is a useful quality assurance technique to determine where additional points are needed. Note: The 3D View… button is only available when Generate DTM with Staked Points is checked in the first Stake DTM screen and at least three points are stored on the non-reference DTM layer.
DTM Stakeout 18. Tap the Settings button to access the 3D View Settings screen to configure the information displayed in the 3D View screen. When Height Exaggerated to the Maximum is checked, the height exaggeration is automatically set to a high value to more clearly display elevation differences in the 3D view. When unchecked, the height exaggeration can be set manually in the next field. Height Exaggeration Ratio: is the value that the height is multiplied by in the 3D view.
Mapping Plane Scale Factor When converting distances on a map to distances on the ground, you must correct for two different scale distortions. First, the effects of the map projection distortion must be corrected with the mapping plane scale factor. Second, the geometric effect of your height above the reference surface (ellipsoid height) must be corrected with the ellipsoid scale factor. Generally, these two scale factors are multiplied together into the combined scale factor.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode K=1.0 K>1.0 K=1.0 K<1.0 K=0.9996 K>1.0 Distance on Ellipsoid so id Distance on Map El li p Mapping Plane Central Meridian Fig. 3: Transverse Mercator Mapping Plane A side view of the cylinder shows the effect of scale distortion. Universal Transverse Mercator Projection The scale factor at the central meridian (CM) is 0.9996. The scale factor is 1.0 approximately 170-km east and west of the CM.
Mapping Plane Scale Factor Distance on Ground Ellipsoid Height, h Distance on Ellipsoid R+h Radius of Ellipsoid, R Fig. 5: Ellipsoid Scale Factor The effect of height above the ellipsoid on scale.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode The mapping plane scale factor should not be confused with the Adjust for Earth Curvature/Refraction setting located on the Job > Settings > Surveying screen, which is independent of the mapping plane scale factor. If the earth curvature adjustment is enabled, it is applied to all total station measurements before any mapping plane scale factor is applied. Scale Factor Settings There are three modes of calculations with scale factor: 1. No scale factor. 2.
Mapping Plane Scale Factor Combined Scale Factor You should select Use a single combined scale factor option when using a single combined scale factor to reduce all your total station measurements. The scale factor might be provided for you, in which case you simply enter the value in the Combined Factor field and tap to return to the Job > Settings > Surveying screen, otherwise you can calculate the combined scale factor as described below.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Enter the point’s Ellipsoid Height to calculate the Ellipsoid Scale Factor, and tap Solve>. Review the calculated combined scale factor to be used for ground to grid reductions. The inverse combined factor is what you use for grid to ground calculations. Tap Accept to return to the Scale Settings screen where the computed combined scale factor will be entered for you.
Mapping Plane Scale Factor Automatic Map Plane with Sea Level You should select Use automatic map plane grid factor with sea level correction option when you want the grid factor computed for each occupy setup point and a sea level correction computed for each shot. To configure a map zone, tap the bottom button to open the Select Coordinate System screen. This button is labeled Change Map Zone if a map zone is already configured or Set Map Zone if a map zone is not yet configured.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Enter the local ground coordinates for the origin. This will be the local plane coordinate of the Origin Point. It is recommended that you use a recognizably different coordinate range to distinguish the values from the grid coordinates. For example, a UTM coordinate of (4,997,000, 356,000) could become (5000,5000). The local coordinate you enter here is subtracted from the scaled grid coordinate of your origin point to get the ground offsets. Tap Apply.
Mapping Plane Scale Factor Scale Factor for Existing Jobs For existing jobs, the Scale Factor wizard can be accessed from the Job > Settings > Surveying screen by tapping the Setup Scale button. The area directly above this button provides details on the current scale factor configuration. Whenever changes are made to the scale factor, you will return to this screen when the Scale Factor settings are configured. This screen will display the new settings and remind you to “Tap OK to update scale settings.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode On screens that contain a field where a horizontal distance is always keyed-in manually, it is assumed that the distance you enter will be a grid distance and no scale factor is applied. If you need to enter a ground distance in one of these fields, you can scale the distance entered from ground to grid using the Apply Scale Factor option from the associated power button before solving.
Mapping Plane Scale Factor Some routines lack a point of reference for the Apply Scale power button, or for scaling output results. If you access one of these routines while using a sea level scale factor you will automatically be presented with the Scale Factor wizard before the routine opens. For most routines, you will not see this screen since the reference point is already known. Tapping Don’t Scale closes the Apply Scale Factor wizard and the original routine will continue without scale parameters.
Other Tutorials This section describes how to use several of the routines in Survey Pro. Each example outlines the procedure to use a particular screen. The examples are written in a general way so the user can use their own data to become familiar with the routine. Import / Export The Import routine allows you to add the coordinates from any job to the current job, or import LandXML data.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode If importing coordinates from a source, such as an HP 48, where you are not sure if the units are in International Feet or US Survey Feet into a job that is set to International Feet or US Survey Feet, you will usually just want to import them without any conversion being performed. To do this, be sure to select the same distance units for the source file as those set for the current job. Importing *.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials 5. The Import CR5 dialog box will open where you must specify the distance used in the file being imported. Select the correct distance and then tap . (See warning above.) If any of the point names in the source file match a point name already in the current job, the Confirm Point Replace dialog box, shown here, will open asking you what you want to do. Make the desired choice to continue.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode stop the importing process. All the data that was imported prior to stopping will still be imported. Alignments A LandXML alignment will be imported as a Survey Pro alignment, only if all of the following conditions are met, otherwise it will be imported as a polyline. • The nodes do not refer to valid points. • The alignment contains spirals or irregular lines. • The alignment is referred to by a road. Parcels LandXML parcels will be imported as polylines.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials 4. The first of two configuration screens will open. Selecting the On specified layer option will import all the data to the layer specified in the corresponding Layer field. Selecting On different layers by groups will create new layers in the current project named after the groups in the LandXML file. All the data in each group will be stored to their corresponding layer.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Import Control The Import Control routine is a solution for people that are used to using control files with versions of Survey Pro prior to Version 4.0. The Import Control routine is nearly identical to the Import routine with the primary exception that the imported points are always stored to a special layer called CONTROL.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials 1. Select .File , Export from the Main Menu to open the Export screen. 2. Select the type of file you are exporting coordinates to and tap Next> . 3. You can select the desired points to export using any of the following buttons: • Tap Points… allows you to select points by tapping them from a map view. • To/From… allows you to specify a range of points to export. • allows you to select all points; select all control points; or select points by their description.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode using average coordinate values that are computed from all the shots taken. Repetition shots can be performed with a variety of options. This section explains how to perform a repetition shot and the different options available. Repetition Settings Screen The Repetition Settings screen is used to define the method that you will use when performing repetition shots.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials course, would require a prism to be setup over the backsight point. 5. The Do Not Shoot Reverse Distances checkbox is available for people that use total stations that cannot measure distances when in the inverted, face two, position. Check this if you use this type of total station. 6. The Enable Automatic Repetition checkbox is for users with motorized total stations.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Repetition Shots Screen After the repetition settings are configured, the Repetition Shots screen is accessed where the actual shots are performed. 1. Select .Survey , Repetition Shots from the Main Menu. If you have not already set up your backsight, you will need to do so before you can access the Repetition Shots screen. 2. Enter the Foresight point name, Number of Sets and HR in the appropriate fields. 3.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Radial Sideshots The Radial Sideshots screen is used to perform repetition shots to a backsight and any number of foresights (side shots) from the same occupy point. The behavior of the routine is a cross between the Repetition Shots routine (Page 125) and the Multiple Sideshots routine. A single set in the Radial Sideshot routine starts with a direct shot to your backsight followed by a shot to each foresight.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Note: When using a robotic total station and Enable Automatic Repetition is checked in the Radial SS Settings screen, only the direct (Face 1) shots for the first set will need to be shot manually. All remaining shots will be performed automatically. The Shooting Sequence is where you choose to shoot all Face 2 side shots in the same order as the Face 1 shots (B>F1>..>Fn^F1>..>Fn>B), or in reverse order (B>F1>..>Fn^Fn>..>F1>B).
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials 5. Tap Shoot to take a side shot. Once the shot is completed, the Results screen, shown here, will be displayed. You are now provided with three option: • • Tap Done with SS > if you are finished taking all Face 1 side shots for this set and continue to Step 6. • Tap Shoot if you want to throw out the results for this shot and reshoot it. Tap Next SS> if you want to shoot another new side shot in Face 1. You will then repeat Step 4 for the new point.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Shoot From Two Ends The Shoot From Two Ends screen is used to provide more accurate vertical closure to a traverse. The routine requires that after the foresight is shot, its location is not computed until after the foresight point is occupied and a second shot is taken to the previous occupy point. Once the second shot is complete, the coordinates for the original foresight are computed from an average of both shots. 1. From the Main Menu, select .
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Offset Shots Three individual screens are used to perform offset shots. These include the Distance Offset screen, Horizontal Angle Offset screen, and Vertical Angle Offset screen. Offset shots are generally performed to compute coordinates for points that cannot easily be occupied by the rod. The offset routine that you choose will depend on your situation. Each routine is explained below.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode point of view). 4. Enter a positive offset distance in the Horz Dist Offset field if the offset to the new point is behind the rod location (from the total station’s point of view), or enter a negative offset distance if the new point is in front of the rod location. 5.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Horizontal Angle Offset Screen The Horizontal Angle Offset screen is used to store a new point that lies on a line tangent to the rod and perpendicular to the line formed between the total station and the rod. (See illustration.) The routine requires two shots by the total station; one at the prism, located to the side of the new point; and one in the direction of the new point.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Vertical Angle Offset Screen The Vertical Angle Offset screen is used to store a new point that is located directly above, or directly below the rod location. The routine requires two shots by the total station, one at the prism, and one in the direction of the new point. This example explains how to store a point that is located above the rod – such as at the top of a utility pole. 1. From the Main Menu, tap .Survey , Vert Angle Offset .
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Resection The Resection screen allows you to occupy an unknown point and compute its coordinates by shooting two to seven known points.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode field. 5. In the Sequence field, specify if you want to perform Direct Only shots to each known point or Direct and Reverse shots. 6. Tap Solve… after each field is correctly filled in. A new screen will open where you can shoot a resection point. 7. Enter the name of the point that you plan to shoot in the Resect Point field. 8.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Solar Observations The Solar Observation screen is used to compute the azimuth to an arbitrary backsight based on the position of a celestial body, typically the sun. You can either use the time set in the system clock on the data collector or an external timepiece. Whichever you choose, you should calibrate it against Coordinated Universal Time shortly before performing the solar observation. An accurate timepiece is critical when performing solar observations.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 4. Enter the latitude and longitude for your occupy point in the Lat. and Long. fields, respectively. Note: Your latitude and longitude should have enough accuracy if it is scaled from a topographic map or measured using a handheld GPS unit. 5. In the Aim field, select the area of the celestial body where you plan to take your measurements. For sun shots, the trailing edge is usually used. (The left edge when in the northern hemisphere.) 6.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials 9. Enter the correct hours to GMT in the Hrs To GMT field, aim toward the backsight and tap Take Shot to record the horizontal angle to the backsight. (The azimuth to this point will be computed at the end of the routine.) Note: The hours to GMT will be between +5 and +8 when in the continental United States. 10.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 15. After completing all shots, you can scan down the list and view the computed azimuth for each one. If any of the azimuths appear incorrect, you can have those shots excluded from the computed average azimuth from all shots. To exclude a particular shot, select the shot and then either tap the checkbox next to the shot or the Toss button. (You can include the shot again by selecting it and re-checking the checkbox or tapping the Incl button. 16.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Remote Control Remote control mode is a special mode that makes it possible for users to control a fully robotic total station from a remote data collector. Remote control mode contains additional screens that are used exclusively with robotic instruments that perform tracking and aiming functions. The behavior of the software differs slightly in remote mode when a shot is taken and when performing stake out.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Once the total station is aiming near the prism, the Search button is used to start the total station in a search pattern. The search pattern continues until it finds the prism. The Lock button puts the total station in track mode where it will track the movements of the prism and Stop will stop the total station from tracking the prism. Tapping the Aim tab will open a screen used to precisely aim the instrument.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials station is aligned, a shot is taken by tapping the Take Shot button. If the Remote Shot screen was accessed by performing a side shot, you will return to the Remote Shot screen after the shot is completed. If the Remote Shot screen was accessed by performing a traverse shot, you will return to the Traverse / Sideshot screen after the shot is completed.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Remote staking between 1 and 10 feet Remote staking over target Slope Staking in Remote Mode Slope staking in remote control mode functions in nearly the same way as with a non-remote total station (see Page 150). The one difference is when using the final Slope Staking screen, where the catch point is being located, the graphic portion of the Horizontal Map and Vertical Map is updated continuously.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials GeoLock GeoLock is a feature that uses a GPS receiver to calculate your position so while working robotically, if the total station loses lock of the prism, it can quickly turn to the location of the prism based on the GPS position and then automatically perform a search to lock back onto the prism. GeoLock is available when using a Trimble or Geodimeter robotic total station, along with a GPS receiver that outputs a NMEA signal.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Configuring GeoLock Once you have setup your job and total station, you need to power on your GPS receiver and establish communication. 1. Attach the communications cable. 2. Open the Remote Control or Remote Shot screen. 3. Set your EDM mode to Track. This is important for the localization process, explained later. 4. Tap the satellite icon in the Command Bar to open a list of GeoLock options. 5. Tap Settings from the list to open the GeoLock Settings screen.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Localizing With your backsight set, the data collector now knows your position in the job’s coordinate system and since it is receiving a GPS signal, the data collector also knows your position in the geodetic coordinate system, but the data collector has not yet aligned the job’s coordinate system with the geodetic coordinate system. This is indicated by a yellow satellite icon with a question mark in the Command Bar.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Slope Staking The ultimate purpose of the slope staking routine is to locate where the outer slopes of a predefined roadway intersects with the surface of the terrain at various stations so the point where a cut or a fill begins can be determined. This intersecting point is called the catch point. Before a road can be slope staked, it must first be designed. The first step to designing a road is to define the path of the road’s centerline.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials It is important to remember that when slope staking a road, the road profile always remains the same and the slope of the final segment can only equal the specified positive (cut) slope, or the specified negative (fill) slope, but the length of this final segment can vary as much as necessary until it ends at the surface of the terrain (the catch point). Defining the Road Cross-Section 1. From the Main Menu select .Stakeout , Slope Staking .
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 8. If defining a ditch enter the depth of the ditch as a negative value in the Height field. If defining a curb, enter the height of the curb as a positive value in the Height field. 9. Enter the horizontal width of the curb or ditch in the Offset From Edge of Road field. Note: You can tap in the graphic portion of the screen to open the graphic in a larger window. 10. Tap Next > to continue to the next screen. 11.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Fill Slope Ditch CL Terrain Catch Point Hinge Point (Segment 2) 14. The Segment # (Fill HP) field is used to select which segment to compute the slope from in a fill situation. This is useful when your road profile includes a ditch and you are staking an area that requires a fill. In this situation, the ditch would not be necessary so you have the option to compute the slope from Segment 1. (See illustration.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Note: You can tap in the graphic portion of the screen to open it in a larger window. 18. With the rod in the general location of the first catch point that you want to stake, aim toward the prism and tap Shot. The distance and direction information will be computed and displayed along with other information pertaining to the shot. The routine automatically determines if you are staking the left or right catch point by the proximity of the rod. Des.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Note: All previous shots taken while locating a specific catch point are shown in the map view as large X’s. These can be useful in determining a situation where there is no catch point. (The slope never intersects with the surface of the terrain.) 19. Once the catch point is satisfactorily located and staked, tap Store > . 20. Enter a Point Name and Description in the corresponding fields and tap Store CP .
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Intersection The Intersection screen computes and optionally stores the coordinates for the intersection of two lines that are tangent to existing points. Each line is independently defined by a known direction or a known length. In the situation where there is more than one possible solution, each solution is provided and optionally stored. 1. From the Main Menu, select .Cogo , Intersection . 2.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Map Check The Map Check screen is used to enter distance and direction information from a map for straight and curved sections to compute closure, and other information from the entered boundary. Entering Boundary Data Each straight and curved section of the boundary is entered using the Add Line… and Add Arc… buttons in the order that the sections occur on the map. 1. Tap .Cogo , Map Check from the Main Menu. 2.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Editing Boundary Data Any entered section can be modified if an error is discovered. To edit a particular section, select the section from the left-hand portion of the screen and tap the Edit… button. The details of the selected section will open in the same editor that was used to create it. Simply make the necessary changes and tap . Adding Boundary Data to the Current Project You can add the boundary data that was entered to your current project.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Predetermined Area The Predetermined Area routine will take a boundary with one open side and compute the location of a line that will enclose a boundary with a specified area. Two methods are available for computing a predetermined area, the Hinge Method and the Parallel Method. Each method is explained below. Hinge Method 4 (hinge) 1 2 ? 3 The Hinge Method computes the location of a side of a boundary that has one fixed point.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 4. Check the Store Pt 1 checkbox and specify a point number in the same field if you want the endpoint of the computed line to be stored. 5. Enter the direction of the left side of the boundary in the last and field. In this example, you should use the power button, select Choose from map… and then tap points 2 and 1. The direction from point 2 to point 1 will then be automatically entered in the last field. 6. Tap Solve.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials 5. If you want to store points where the computed line intersects with the two sides, check each Store Pt box and specify point names in the corresponding fields. 6. Tap Solve. The final boundary side will be computed and the data can be viewed by using the Results and Map tabs. If you selected to store points, the computed points will also be stored.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode PT PC Deflection Current Station RP Cho rd PI The PC Deflection method computes a chord length from the PC to the current station and a deflection angle between the PC-PI line and the chord. PC Deflection PT PI Deflection Current P I to Station Sta tion n PI io ct Defle RP PC 162 The PI Deflection method computes the distance from the PI to the current station and the deflection angle between the PI-PC line and the PI to Station line.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials PT Tangent Offset Current Station n Ta O PI ffs RP Tan - TD is t. et The Tangent Offset method computes a perpendicular offset length (Tangent Offset) from the PC-PI line to the current station and the distance on the PC-PI line from the PC to the Tangent Offset (Tangent Distance). D Ta n t en ng Ta PC PT Chord Offset rd Le PI Cho RP Current Station ngth Chord Offset Chord Dist.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode 3. Define your horizontal curve by making the appropriate selections from the first two buttons and filling in the corresponding values. 4. Enter the station to be assigned to the PC in the PC Station field. 5. Check the Interval box if you want to compute data for stations at fixed intervals on the curve and enter the distance between them in the same field. 6. Enter the station that you want to compute in the Current Station field and tap Solve. 7.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Parabolic Curve Layout The Parabolic Curve Layout screen is useful to compute the locations of any station along a vertical curve when two parts of the curve are already known. The values computed can be written down and used to later stake those stations in the field. 1. Tap Curve , Parabolic Curve from the Main Menu. 2. In the Known field, select if the station and elevation for the PVC or the PVI are known by selecting the appropriate radio button.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Spiral Layout A spiral curve is a special curve that has a specified radius at one end, which gradually changes to an infinite radius at the other end. It is commonly used as a transition between a straight section and a circular curve. The Spiral Layout screen is used to calculate the pertinent parts of a circular curve after specifying the spiral curve’s radius and length. 1. Tap Curve , Spiral from the Main Menu. 2.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Curve and Offset The Curve and Offset screen allows you to design a curve and stake it in the field. You can stake the curve’s centerline or an offset to the curve at any specified station interval. Define Your Curve 1. Tap Stakeout , Curve and Offset from the Main Menu. 2. If you have not yet setup your backsight, tap the Backsight… button and set it up. 3. Specify the point that you will use for the PC of your curve in the PC Point field.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Setup Your Staking Options 9. Enter the first station that you want to stake in the Station to Stake field. 10. Enter the desired spacing between the staked stations in the Station Interval field. 11. In the Offset field, select L if you wish to stake an offset on the left side of the curve, or select R if you wish to stake an offset on the right side and enter the desired offset here. (If you are not staking an offset, enter an offset of zero.) 12. Tap the V.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Aim the Total Station 14. Using the information displayed on the screen, aim the total station toward the design point and tap Stake >. The graphic portion of the screen shows the curve, backsight direction and design point location relative to the total station. Stake the Point 15. The final screen allows you to stake the current station. With the rod positioned where you want it, tap the Shot button to take a shot.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Scale Adjustment The Scale routine will adjust the coordinates of selected points by a specified scale factor relative to a base point. This is useful to repair data that was collected where an incorrect scale factor was applied. 1. Tap Adjust , Scale from the Main Menu. 2. Use the Tap Points… or To/From… button to specify the points that you want to adjust. 3. Enter the name of the base point in the Base Point field. 4.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Translate Adjustment The Translate routine will move points horizontally and/or vertically a specified distance and direction. This routine is often used after a survey was performed in an assumed coordinate system. If the actual coordinates for at least one of the points is found later, the Translate routine can be used to shift all of the affected points to the correct coordinate system and/or elevation. 1. Tap Adjust , Translate from the Main Menu. 2.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Translate by Distance and Direction The Translate by Distance and Direction method simply requires that you enter the distance and direction to adjust the selected points. • Leave the Translate by Coordinates checkbox unchecked. • Toggle the Azimuth / Bearing button to the desired format and enter the direction to adjust the selected points. • Enter the horizontal distance to adjust the selected points in the Distance field.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Rotate Adjustment The Rotate Adjustment routine will rotate selected points around a specified rotation point. 1. Tap Adjust , Rotate from the Main Menu. 2. Use the Tap Points… or To/From… button to select the points that need to be rotated. 3. Enter the point that the selected points will rotate around in the Rotation Point field. 4.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Traverse Adjust The Traverse Adjust wizard will perform an angle adjustment, a compass rule adjustment, or both. Angle Adjust The Angle Adjust routine will compute the angular error in a closed traverse from a known closing angle.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Compass Rule The Compass Rule Adjustment will adjust either a closed or an open traverse. When adjusting a closed traverse, the error between the closing point and the initial point is computed and distributed among each traverse point, except the initial point resulting in a perfect closure.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Performing a Traverse Adjustment 1. Tap Adjust , Traverse Adjust from the Main Menu. 2. Use the Tap Polylines… or To/From… button to select the polyline or points that define your traverse, which should be in the same order that the traverse points were collected. 3. Select the appropriate checkboxes to define the type of adjustment(s) to perform and what will be adjusted. 4. Tap Next > to continue to the next screen.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Note: if closing to a known location and a closing location is not specified, it is automatically assumed that the first point of the traverse will be the closing location. 8. Tap Next > to open the final screen of the adjustment wizard, which displays the changes that will be made by the adjustment where they can be previewed before the actual adjustment is applied.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode Surface Scan The Surface Scan routine will automatically take a sequence of shots within a predefined area when used with a robotic total station running in reflectorless mode. The data collected can then be used with PC software to create a 3-D raster image of the surface or to generate a DTM surface, which can be used to compute volumes. Before starting a scan, you should check the Surface Scan settings. 1. Select Survey > Surface Scan to open the Surface Scan routine.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials The Surface Scan routine requires that you first define the perimeter of the surface you want to scan along with the interval that determines how many shots will be taken within the perimeter. The more shots that are taken, the more detailed the surface scan will be, but the longer it will take to complete. 3. In the Select Type of Surface Scan field, select if you want to use either the Distance Grid method or Angle Grid method to set up the surface to shoot.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode the more shots will be taken, resulting in a more detailed surface, but while taking more time to complete. d. Enter the desired horizontal distance between each shot of the surface being scanned in the Horizontal Distance Interval field. e. Enter the desired vertical distance between each shot of the surface being scanned in the Vertical Distance Interval field.
Other Conventional Surveying Tutorials Note: The two corner points in the Angle Grid method must encompass the area to be scanned – they do not have to be on the surface itself since no distances are measure to these points. The Horizontal Angle Interval and Vertical Angle Interval fields are used to configure the spacing between each shot taken within the boundaries of the predefined surface.
User’s Manual – Conventional Mode The Surface Scan Statistics screen displays useful information about the computed surface to be scanned, including an estimate on how long it will take to complete the surface scan. 8. Be sure to check the Store Pts box to store all the points that are scanned and specify the starting point number in the corresponding field. 9. Tap Go > to start the surface scan and open the Surface Scan Results screen.
Leveling Fieldwork Leveling is one of three possible surveying modes that can be used with Survey Pro. Leveling mode in Survey Pro can only be used after purchasing and registering the Leveling Module. (See Page 4 for more information on registering modules.) Once registered, level loops and the 2 peg test can be performed. Leveling data collection is organized into loops. A level loop is a series of level measurements that start with a backsight on a known point with a valid elevation.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode Benchmark: A point in a level loop that is stored in the current job. Benchmark points are usually permanent marks on the ground that can be reoccupied at a later date. Benchmarks are part of the level loop since they are used as the backsight for the next setup, with the exception of the closing benchmark. Leveling Side Shots: An intermediate shot from any setup in the level loop.
Leveling Level Settings The Level Settings screen is where the shooting sequence and leveling tolerances are configured. Fill in the screen as necessary. If any shots exceed the tolerance specified and the corresponding checkbox is checked, a prompt will appear to warn you. Consult the Reference Manual for more information on the individual fields in this screen.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode directly with the instrument and the readings are automatically transferred to the data collector. Auto Leveling If using an instrument where the data will be entered electronically, activate the existing instrument profile. 1. With Survey Pro in Leveling Mode, open the Job > Settings > Instrument screen. 2. If an instrument profile does not yet exist, tap the Create New Instrument button and create a new instrument profile.
Leveling Level Loop Procedure The procedure for leveling with Survey Pro is nearly identical no matter which method you are using. The main difference for each method is the type of information that is entered with each shot taken. The steps that follow explain the procedure for taking all four various types of shots: Turning points, side shots, stakeout, and benchmarks. The various prompts for data entry while collecting in Manual Mode are also covered for each leveling method.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode 2. Tap the New Loop > button. The New Level Loop screen will open. 3. Enter a name for the new loop in the New Loop field and enter your starting benchmark in the CBM field. Tap Next > to continue. 4. The details of the new loop are displayed on this screen. You can optionally enter a description for the new loop and then tap Create Loop to create and open the new loop. 5. A prompt will tell you that the new loop has been created.
Leveling Level Screen 6. This is called the Level screen, although the command bar displays the name of the current level loop. The Level screen will automatically open after a new loop is created, or if an existing loop (that has not yet been closed) is selected. It can also be accessed manually from the Main Menu by selecting Leveling > Level . The Level screen is used to indicate which type of shot you want to take next.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode Turn to Turning Point (Leveling Shots) 7. When shooting a turning point, you will immediately be prompted for the necessary shots for all sets in the sequence selected in the Level Settings screen (Page 185). This screen is also used when performing the actual shots for all the other types of shots that can be selected from the Level screen.
Leveling Three Wire Shot Single Wire Shot Electronic Shot Trigonometric Shot 9. Once all the shots in the sequence are completed, the Shot Results screen will open listing the details for each point. You can remove the backsight and/or foresight shot with the worst residual by tapping the corresponding Toss button. The shots with the worst residuals are always removed first. Continuing to tap the button will eventually remove all the shots taken to that point.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode respectively. 10. If everything on the screen is acceptable, tap Store Observation to continue. You will return to the Level screen shown in Step 6. If the completed shots were for a turning point or benchmark, you are expected to advance to the next setup where your previous foresight will become your new backsight. If you completed a side shot or stakeout shot, you will remain at the current set up to shoot additional points. Turn to Benchmark 11.
Leveling 13. If shooting a point that already exists, the Point Exists screen will open. If you are not shooting your closing benchmark, tap Overwrite to overwrite the existing point with the new computed elevation, or tap Use Next to store the benchmark as a new point. You will then return to the Level screen and will not continue with the following steps. If you are closing your level loop to this benchmark, tap Close Loop By Existing Point to continue. 14.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode 16. Tap the Notes tab to view all the information about the level loop. 17. While viewing the notes for any level loop, you can tap the button to customize the settings for this screen. (This is the only location where you can access this Settings screen.) For more information on each field of this screen, consult the reference manual.
Leveling Side Shots 18. Prior to shooting a benchmark or turning point, you can shoot any number of leveling side shots to compute the elevation for any arbitrary points. Enter the point name in the SS Point field, and an optional description in the Desc field. Since the horizontal coordinates for the new point cannot be computed from the leveling routine, you must provide them manually in the N and E fields.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode Stakeout 19. Shooting a leveling stakeout point is similar to a leveling side shot in that it must be done before shooting a benchmark or turning point from any particular setup, and once complete, you will return to the Level screen where the next shot type is selected, without advancing to the next setup.
Leveling 2 Peg Test The 2 Peg Test is used to check the collimation error of the instrument. The test will compute the error, which can then be used to adjust the horizontal crosshair of the instrument. 1. Position two rods 50 to 90 meters apart (165 to 300 feet). 2. Pace off the distance between the rods and set up the level midway between them. (The placement of the rod over Point B can be adjusted after shooting Point A.) 3. Carefully level the instrument.
User’s Manual – Leveling Mode 9. Move the instrument as close as possible to the rod over Point A where a shot can still be taken to it. This is typically about 3 meters (10 feet) from the rod. 10. Tap Take Shot. The Leveling Shots screen will open again where you can take the required shots to Point A from the new setup. 11. Once complete, turn to Pont B and take the required shots to that point. 12.
GPS Overview This portion of the User's Manual includes basic fundamentals of GPS coordinate systems and measurements. The following section discusses how GPS coordinates are used in Survey Pro. Both of these sections contain general information that applies to both the GPS module and Basic GPS module. Following these general sections are two sections that are specific for the GPS module and the Basic GPS module.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode ¾ A description of using Ground Coordinates on a reference mapping plane. ¾ A description of geoid modeling and how to use geoid models for vertical transformations. RTK and Post Processing Using GPS for precise survey measurements requires data from two receivers to be collected simultaneously. There are two common methods for calculating positions with this data: Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and post processing.
GPS Overview GPS Measurements GPS coordinates are computed using pseudo-range positioning. Pseudo-range positioning involves intersecting the ranges from the known SV position in a manner similar to a distance – distance intersection problem. Four SVs are required to determine three position dimensions and time. Position dimensions are computed by the receiver in Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed X, Y, Z (ECEF XYZ) coordinates. A pseudo-range solution will be one of two types: autonomous, or differential.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Code Differential Code differential solutions use the Coarse Acquisition (C/A) navigation code transmitted on the GPS carrier wave. Because the wavelength of the code segment is long (300m), code differential is the least precise differential solution. Accuracies of 1-10 meters are possible with DGPS using C/A code differential positioning. Carrier Phase Differential Highly precise coordinate differences can be measured using pseudorange positioning with the carrier signal wave.
GPS Overview GPS Network Servers, NTRIP, and VRS Traditionally, RTK GPS was done with a base and rover receiver setup on the survey site and using a radio data modem to get the observations from the base to the rover for the real time solution. Another way to do RTK GPS is to use one or more permanently operating base stations connected to an Internet network.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode these corrections, such as Trimble VRS. A detailed description of these technologies is beyond the scope of this manual. Please see the end of this manual for references to more information. Network Transfer of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) The Network Transfer of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) is a standard established by the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM).
GPS Coordinates To represent positions in space you need two things. First, you need a datum to define an origin, an orientation, and a scale. Second, you need a coordinate system to specify the locations in the datum. GPS positions are in a global geocentric datum, using latitude and longitude angles to specify location. Most engineering and surveying jobs require positions in a 2D Cartesian coordinate system.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode WGS84 Geodetic v. Local Geodetic When the coordinate system is a mapping plane in a datum other than WGS84, positions measured in WGS84 latitude, longitude and height, must be transformed into local latitude, longitude, and height before they can be used to calculate northing and easting with the specified map projection. There are three methods of datum transformation supported by Survey Pro. • Molodensky Transformation: Is the most commonly used transformation.
GPS Overview Horizontal Datums • NAD27 The North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) horizontal datum was established in the early part of the twentieth century to define a horizontal coordinate system in North America. The datum originated at a central point, Meades Ranch in Kansas. From there, conventional triangulation and trilateration networks radiated outward to establish new monuments in the system.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode (1996.0). The date in the brackets indicates the epoch defining the datum. This is all quite confusing. Fortunately, for most RTK GPS applications, you do not need to worry about these WGS84 differences. The significant part of the datum difference is a shift, and you correct this when you specify the GPS base position. The other part of the datum difference is the small rotation of the axes.
GPS Overview apples and oranges. For example, if you set your base on a point with a known coordinate in the NAD83(1996.0) datum, then all the rover positions will be in the NAD83(1996.0) datum. Similarly, if you set the base on an autonomous position, and occupy one or more NGS control monuments all in the NAD83(1999.0) datum, then the localization corrects your entire survey to the NAD83(1999.0) datum.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode datum not programmed into the database, you can use the Projection Key-In Wizard to create a custom Molodensky or similarity datum transformation. Vertical Datums GPS satellites orbit the Earth’s center of mass, while objects on the surface of the planet are affected by the force of the local gravity field.
GPS Overview then run across the country and closed on the opposite coast. This datum contained a number of systematic errors including un-modeled local gravity effects and refraction errors. Also, it was later discovered that the “mean sea level” from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans was not the same. • NAVD88 In an effort to address these errors, the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) was realized from a single datum point in Rimouski, Quebec.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Coordinate Systems A coordinate system is a way to describe positions in a datum. Coordinate systems range from simple Cartesian (y,x) or (N,E) positions on a flat plane to complex geodetic latitudes and longitudes on a reference ellipsoid. Below is a description of some coordinate systems common in surveying: • Northing, Easting, Elevation Survey projects usually use simple plane coordinates.
GPS Overview • ECEF XYZ Geodetic coordinates are sometimes given in the Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) Cartesian coordinate system. This coordinate system has its origin at the Earth’s center of mass, the primary (Z) axis is the earth’s spin axis; the secondary (X) axis is the intersection of the equatorial plane and the mean meridian of Greenwich; the tertiary (Y) axis is orthogonal in a right handed system.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Horizontal Coordinate Systems Survey projects use horizontal coordinates on either a local plane or a map projection. For small projects, you can assume a simple flat earth plane and calculate coordinates directly with measured distances. Use Ground - TDS Localization mode for this procedure.
GPS Overview • Area A map projection is equi-areal when it correctly plots areas over the entire map. That is, all mapped areas have the same proportional relationship to the areas on the Earth that they represent. Common Conformal Map Projections in Surveying • Transverse Mercator The Transverse Mercator (TM) projection results from projecting the ellipsoid onto a cylinder tangent to a central meridian.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode • Stereographic The Stereographic projection results from projecting an ellipsoid onto a plane. Directions are true from the center point and distortions in scale, area and shape increase uniformly away from the central point. The stereographic projection is azimuthal. Because the scale is distorted somewhat uniformly in all directions, stereographic map projections are a good representation of a surveyor’s typical flat earth ground coordinate system.
GPS Overview K=1.0 K>1.0 K=1.0 K<1.0 K=0.9996 K>1.0 Distance on Ellipsoid so id Distance on Map El li p Mapping Plane Central Meridian Fig. 3: Transverse Mercator Mapping Plane A side view of the cylinder shows the effect of scale distortion. • Universal Transverse Mercator Projection The scale factor at the central meridian (CM) is 0.9996. The scale factor is 1.0 approximately 170-km east and west of the CM. The scale factor is less than one between the CM and the point of tangency.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode • TDS Localization Stereographic Projection The scale factor at the start location (usually the first GPS base station in a project) is calculated for ground distances at the base height. The scale factor increases more or less uniformly in all directions as you move away from the base. The scale factor does not change appreciable within the range of RTK GPS, so this map projection is an excellent way to model simple flat earth ground level coordinate systems.
GPS Overview kcf = kelip * kmap distgrid = distground * kcf Vertical Coordinate Systems GPS measurements provide ellipsoid heights. Most survey projects require orthometric elevations. To convert heights into elevations, you need to correct for the difference between the surface of the reference ellipsoid and the level surface representing the gravity field. The procedure to convert heights (h) to elevations (H) involves the use of a geoid model.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Mexico, and the Caribbean. • In the continental USA you can use the new NGS Geoid03 model. • In Canada you can use the Geodetic Survey Division HT 2.0 model, or the older GSD95, HT1_01, and HT97 models. • For any location world wide, you can use the NIMA 15-minute geoid height grid data file, WW15mGH.*. This file covers the entire globe on a 15’ x 15’ grid. In Australia you can use the AUSGEOID98 geoid model.
GPS Coordinates In Survey Pro GPS positions are measured in a 3D coordinate system, which models the earth using an ellipsoidal shape. The horizontal position is usually given as two angles, relative to the ellipsoid axes, called latitude and longitude. The vertical position is usually given as a linear distance, perpendicular to the ellipsoid, called height. Most survey projects use horizontal coordinates on a plane which approximates a small piece of the ground assuming a ‘flat earth’.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Projection Mode Survey Pro has two different modes for calculating local northing and easting from GPS measurements: Ground – TDS Localization, and Mapping Plane. In Ground - TDS Localization mode, there is no map projection and no datum to transform geodetic to local coordinates. In this case, a default map projection is created with the first RTK base setup. Then, a localization adjustment is solved (Page 259).
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro Projection Mode Summary Horizontal Projection Modes Ground - TDS Localization Local coordinates are at ground level, based on the project height. Distances shot with EDM are at ground scale, so are 1:1 with coordinates solved by the projection. Default map projection and datum are automatically initialized with RTK base setup. Mapping Plane Local coordinates are on a conformal map projection grid.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode A coordinate system is un-initialized when you have no zone record set. In Ground – TDS Localization mode, this means that you have not yet configured the first RTK base position in Survey Pro. In Mapping Plane mode, this means you have not yet selected a zone record from the coordinate system database. A coordinate system is set when there is a zone record set.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro coordinates to your mapping plane coordinates. Therefore, a localization is not required in this case. • If your job already contains geodetic coordinates which were measured from an autonomous setup, and you are continuing the survey using coordinates from the network GPS, you will need to re-solve the localization to get results in the proper local system. This is the case for both Ground – TDS Localization and Mapping Plane horizontal projection mode.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Projection Mode Configuration Mapping Plane Mode TDS Localization Mode The projection mode can be configured or changed from the Survey > Projection screen, which will look different depending on the current projection mode. Tapping Show Details will open the Projection Details screen that lists the details of the current projection.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro Tapping Localization opens the Solve Localization routine. This routine is described on Page 259 for when running the GPS module and on Page 320 for when running the Basic GPS module. Tapping Switch to TDS Localization will switch from Mapping Plane mode to TDS Localization mode. TDS Localization Mode Tapping Reset Origin will open the screen to manually key in the parameters for the default map projection zone used in the localization adjustment as described on Page 228.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Localization Reset Origin The Localization Set Zone screen is used to manually key in the parameters for the default map projection zone used in the localization adjustment. You can also open the Select Coordinate System screen where you can choose a record from the coordinate system database file. 1. Go to Survey > Projection > Set Zone to open the Localization Set Zone screen. 2. Enter the Setup Group for the zone.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro Localization Select Zone You can store and select any coordinate system in the database file using Save System to Database on the Projection Show Details screen. Coordinate systems stored in Ground – TDS Localization mode are put in a special region called TDS Localization region. To select Ground – TDS Localization coordinate systems from the database, open the Select Coordinate System screen from the Localization Set Zone screen.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 6. If there is a default geoid attached to the zone or site, Use Geoid is checked and the geoid model is selected in the drop down list. You can choose to use this geoid, or you can change the geoid model used by this zone or site. 7. Tap Finish to set the selected zone or site and the selected geoid (if Use Geoid is checked) as the current coordinate system.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro • Pick from Data Base. Select this choice to use a datum from the coordinate system database. • Custom Molodensky. Select this choice to enter a custom three-parameter datum transformation. • Custom Similarity. Select this choice to enter a custom sevenparameter datum transformation. 3. Select the Azimuth type for the new map projection zone. Choices are: • North Azimuth. Select this choice to have a north azimuth grid. • South Azimuth.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 8. Tap Next to select the datum. The screen that opens will depend on the datum type you specified on the first screen. 9. If you selected Pick from Data Base, pick the database Datum from the list. If you selected either Custom Molodensky or Custom Similarity, then select an ellipse for the new datum. You can select Ellipse from Data Base to use an ellipsoid record from the database, or you can select Key In Ellipse to input parameters for a custom ellipse. 10.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro Mapping Ground Coordinates Ground Coordinates in mapping plane mode is a mechanism to use ground level scaled coordinates when the underlying coordinate system is a conformal mapping plane zone selected from the database. This function is useful if you must work with a specified map projection zone, but you wish to work with distances in a ground scale. You can switch to Ground Coordinates using any Mapping Plane mode zone or localized site.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 5. The next page will display the local geodetic coordinate of the origin Reference Point and the Ground Scale factor calculated for that point. The scale factor is the inverse of the combined scale factor for the selected map projection zone at the origin reference height, and it is automatically calculated based on your reference position. If you wish to use a different scale factor, tap Override scale calculated from location and enter your value in the Ground Scale Box.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro 8. If your projection record is a map projection zone, the ground coordinate parameters will be added to the zone record to create a zone based site. If you are already using a site record, the parameters will simply be applied. In both cases, the Adjust with Projection wizard will open with the Results screen to show the updated job file points. Tap Apply to update the coordinate system and job file points.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Coordinate System Database Survey Pro uses a Coordinate System Database file (*.CSD) to store the map projection and datum transformation parameters for many different coordinate systems around the world. Also, horizontal and vertical localization adjustments can be stored as site records in the database. Below is a list of the terminology used to describe the different records in the coordinate system database. 236 • Zone: Is the basic record type.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro Managing GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro Survey Pro for Windows CE uses a binary file with the extension *.job. A .JOB file point record will contain a point name, plane location (N, E, Z), and a description. It may also contain geodetic coordinates for points calculated, imported, or measured with GPS, as well as poly lines, alignments, layers, attributes, base maps, and automatic line work structures.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode prompted to rectify the plane and geodetic coordinate before accepting. Import You can use File > Import or File > Import Control to add point, line, and coordinate system values from a number of input file types. This section describes importing geodetic coordinates and coordinate systems into the job file. Import Job (Control) You can use the Import or Import Control screens and set the Type to Job Files to add points to your job from another job file.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro have to use the Adjust with Projection wizard in some manner to rectify the geodetic to plane coordinates. Import .GPS File You can use the Import screen and set the Type to GPS File to merge geodetic coordinates from a .GPS file generated using Survey Pro DOS. 1. Open the job with the project’s plane coordinates. You can open the *.CR5 file directly and it will be converted into a .job file or you can open a new .job file and import the CR5 coordinates. 2. Go to Job > Import.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode ForeSight DXM, SPSO, TGO, and TTC There are a number of software applications that will work with Survey Pro .job and .raw files containing geodetic coordinates and GPS measurement vectors.
GPS Coordinates in Survey Pro The SPSO download and import process defaults to download and import the .RAW file. When you import the .RAW file, the coordinate system, user entered points, and all of the observation vectors taken in the survey will be imported into the project. The coordinates for measured points will then be calculated in your SPSO project from the measurement data. You can also import a .job file into the project. When you import a .
User’s Manual – GPS Mode TGO export and upload will create a job file and send it to the data collector. The job file will contain the coordinate system definition and plane location of any selected points. The geodetic location of any GPS measured points is not uploaded to the data collector from TGO or TTC. However, this is not a problem since the coordinate system definition is uploaded, and this will define the transformation from plane to geodetic.
GPS Module Survey Pro can be sold with either the standard GPS module or the Basic GPS module. This section outlines the procedures for using Survey Pro with the GPS module. If using the Basic GPS module, refer to Page 303. The GPS module allows you to control a GPS receiver for both real time and post processing data collection. This section describes how to start a GPS survey and how to use GPS data collection and stake out.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Receiver Settings Using either RTK or post processing data collection is controlled by the type of receiver you choose to connect to. The Job > Settings > Receiver screen is used to manage receiver profiles for RTK and post processing receivers. You must create a receiver profile for each different brand and model you want to use as an RTK base, RTK rover, RTK NTRIP rover, or post processing only receiver. Receiver Settings Receiver Setup 1.
GPS Module Receiver Settings – Receiver Mode 1. Select a receiver mode for this profile. You can choose from: • RTK Base: Select this mode to use the receiver as an RTK base. To configure an RTK base, you must set the RTK Correction Format on this card, and you must setup the data link parameters on the Data Modem card. • RTK Rover: Select this mode to use the receiver as an RTK rover where the base corrections are supplied directly to the rover over the data link.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode you must setup the Windows Networking modem parameters on the Data Modem card (see below). Note: You do not need to select the RTK Correction Format for an NTRIP rover because this will be determined by the NTRIP service you pick at rover setup time. • Post Processing: Select this mode to use the receiver to log data for post processing. You can do either static or kinematic (stop and go) post processing data collection control with Survey Pro.
GPS Module Receiver Settings – General The controls on the Receiver Settings – General card will vary depending on brand and model. Please see the documentation that came with your GPS receiver for details on the different settings that may be available. If using a Bluetooth GPS receiver, refer to the Bluetooth section on Page 292.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode The steps required to complete the Start GPS Survey wizard will depend on the coordinate system and equipment you are using. All the possible steps are described below. Start GPS Survey – Choose One Point Setup One point setup is a special case of the Start GPS Survey wizard. You can use one point setup mode only when you have a brand new job with only one point.
GPS Module Choose to Use Ground – TDS Localization when your survey is a ground level site with no projection and no datum to relate the local coordinates to geodetic. When you choose Ground – TDS Localization, the next step will be base and rover setup, and solving the localization adjustment. Choose to Select a Mapping Plane Zone when your survey coordinate system is a conformal mapping plane defined in the coordinate system database.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Start GPS Survey – Choose Base Setup The Start GPS Survey Choose Base Setup screen is used to select how you will set your GPS base. There are three choices: • Use Current Base: This option can be used when you have already set a base station with this data collector. When you tap Use Current Base, the Start GPS Survey wizard will display the next screen required for setup.
GPS Module Start GPS Survey – Connect to Receiver Before the Base Setup, Rover Setup, or Data Collection screens are opened, you will be prompted to connect to the appropriate receiver. The Connect to Receiver screen is used to display a list of all of the receivers of the appropriate type (base, rover, or post processing) you can connect to.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode you select: • An existing point with geodetic coordinates, the GPS base receiver is set with this coordinate, and the base reference position is configured in Survey Pro. • An existing point with plane only (N,E,Elev) coordinates when the coordinate system is solved, the plane coordinate is transformed into geodetic, the GPS base receiver is set with this coordinate, and the base reference position is configured in Survey Pro.
GPS Module Base Setup Two – SET The Base Setup Set screen is used when the geodetic coordinate of the chosen base reference point is known or can be calculated. 5. If you are post processing, select the desired recording interval in the Post Processing Recording Interval field. The receiver will then open a file (with the next available default name), start recording GPS raw data, and record the station and antenna information for this static session.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode and GPS observations over the radio link, and to configure the base reference position in Survey Pro. Start GPS Survey – Rover Setup The Start GPS Survey Rover Setup screen is used to setup an RTK rover receiver, and to configure or check the base point reference position in Survey Pro. Before proceeding to the Rover Setup screen, you will be prompted to connect to an RTK rover or an NTRIP rover receiver.
GPS Module Rover Setup – Set Rover 1. Tap Setup HR to select your antenna type and measure the slant or vertical height of the antenna. 2. If you are not post processing, leave the Post Processing Recording Interval field set to Off. If you are post processing, select the desired recording interval in this field. The receiver will open a file (with the next available default name), start recording GPS raw data, and record the station and antenna information for this static session. 3.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode more than one point in the job file, then you are prompted to select from among a list of possible points. 2. Review the antenna details for the remote base position. Most base receivers broadcast their antenna height along with the reference position. However, some do not. The different scenarios are outlined below: a. When the rover receives the base antenna information, Survey Pro displays the antenna height received. The antenna Measure To displays Get From Base.
GPS Module b. When the rover does not receive the base antenna information, and the base point exists in the job file, Survey Pro calculates the antenna from the base height and the reference position antenna phase center height. The antenna Measure To displays Calced. by SP, and the Measured field displays the calculated value. c.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Start GPS Survey - Solve Localization The Start GPS Survey Solve Localization screen is displayed when you need a horizontal adjustment to solve your coordinate system. A horizontal adjustment is required to solve your coordinate system any time you begin a survey from an autonomous base position. This is always the case when your projection mode is Ground – TDS Localization, since your first base setup is always from an autonomous GPS position.
GPS Module Solve Localization When you start a GPS survey from an autonomous base position, you need to solve a localization to adjust GPS measurements into local coordinates. This is the case for both horizontal projection modes. Using Ground - TDS Localization, you need to solve a localization to relate your arbitrary GPS start point into your non-geodetic local system. Using a Mapping Plane, you need to solve a localization to shift the autonomous GPS start point into accurate geodetic coordinates.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Localization with Control Points Horizontal localization is a simple 2D similarity transformation from mapping plane coordinates in an intermediate system to coordinates in your local system. In Ground - TDS Localization mode, the intermediate system is the default map projection initialized for ground distances at the base height. In Mapping Plane mode, the intermediate system is the inaccurate coordinates calculated on the selected map projection from the autonomous GPS base.
GPS Module Detailed Procedure Since the field procedure is the same for both horizontal and vertical localization solutions, the instructions below cover both cases. 1. From the Control Points screen, select a control point to occupy and enter the name into the Point control. Horizontal control points must have a valid northing and easting coordinate in the local system.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 7. In the list box, control points collected will be identified with an H and/or V. Points marked H will be used to solve horizontal localization. Points marked with a V will be used to solve vertical localization. You can select or deselect any point by highlighting that point and then: tap the H and/or V column beside that point; press H and/or V on the keyboard. Note: If your base was set up on a known point, that point is an eligible control point.
GPS Module 11. If you are not happy with the solution residual or misclosure values for any point, you can change the control points used by tapping in the H and/or V columns. This will change Next> to Solve>. Tap Solve> to recalculate the solution and update the residual / misclosure display. 12. When you are happy with the solution quality, tap Next> to review the parameters. 13. Examine the scale and rotation values to verify they are reasonable.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 3. Enter the Slope N, Slope E, Separation, and Origin of the vertical adjustment. 4. Tap Solve> to show the horizontal and vertical parameters entered. 5. Review the results and tap Accept when you are done. Localization Parameters Explained Before you accept a localization solution, you should evaluate the parameters and the quality of the solution. This section describes the meaning and the expected values for the six horizontal and five vertical localization parameters.
GPS Module Origin: is the coordinate on the intermediate mapping plane of the centroid of the control points. It is calculated by average of the mapping plane (y,x) coordinates of all control points. Translation: is the shift from the Origin to the centroid of the control points in the local coordinate system. Mapping Plane Mode: Scale: is the scale difference between the intermediate mapping plane using the autonomous GPS position and the actual mapping plane control coordinates.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Vertical: Slope: is the North and East tilt of the inclined plane adjustment. These values are given in parts per million, and represent the radian angle values of the deflection between the ellipsoid normal and the local gravity vector. This tilt approximates what a geodosist would call 'deflection of the vertical'.
GPS Module Quality of Localization Solutions Starting from an autonomous GPS base position and solving a localization with control points is similar to starting a conventional survey from an unknown setup and solving a resection. The quality of the solution depends on both the precision of the measurements to the control points and the accuracy of the control point coordinates.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode subsequent solutions. If the checkpoint measurement is within the tolerance, this step should not be necessary. • Redundancy and residuals: After solving localization parameters with more than the minimum number of control points, you should examine the solution residuals. The residuals should be close to the measurement precision of your instrument and the control points.
GPS Module attached to each point record generated by GPS. Setup groups are assigned as follows: • When you set a new base point with an autonomous GET, Survey Pro creates a new set up group for this point. • When you collect geodetic measurements, each new point is assigned the set up group of the current base station. • When you set the base on an existing point with geodetic coordinates, the point’s existing set up group is used as the new base station set up group.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Localization Calculator Note: The Localization calculator is used to provide the field procedure for a workflow supported in Survey Pro versions prior to 3.5. This routine is similar to using the Start GPS Survey wizard one point setup mode, except that rotation is calculated parallel to a selected map projection. 1. After choosing the projection settings and configuring the base and rover receivers, go to the Survey > Projection screen. 2.
GPS Module and Rotation are correct before the Control Points screen is opened. You need to select and occupy a single control point. When you are done, tap Accept to return to the Solve Localization screen and the calculated coordinates are returned to the North and East fields. 9. Tap Solve>. Examine the results and tap Accept when you are done. You will be prompted to name the new localization site and save the record in the database.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Note: You cannot enter a new elevation for an existing point using the Remote Elevation routine. 3. If your benchmark is a point in the job file, enter the point name. 4. Occupy the benchmark with the rover and tap Occupy Benchmark to access the Occupy Control Point screen and begin measurements to the point. 5. When you are satisfied with the measurement, tap Accept. You will return to the Remote Elevation screen and the base station’s newly calculated elevation is displayed.
GPS Module your survey without solving a localization. You then submit the post processing data file to the NGS’ OPUS service and get back the calculated local coordinate. You then wish to adjust the survey to match the calculated coordinate for your base. • You start a survey with your base on a new autonomous position. You occupy one or more NGS control monuments during the survey, but you do not have the data sheet with the published north, east, elevation coordinate in the field.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Note: To use an NGS data sheet, download the data sheet for one or more desired points from the NGS web site, open the *.htm data sheet files using your web browser, and then click on File > Save As. Specify to save the file as a plain text file, and make sure the file has a .txt extension. To use an OPUS solution results file, open the email containing the solution report with your email editor, and then click on File > Save As.
GPS Module creating multiple control points, a summary is listed on this screen. To see the complete details on a selected point, tap Show Details . To edit the input for any point, select that point from the list and tap Re-Enter. 8. Choose an action to take after Survey Pro creates the GPS control points selected.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode RTK Data Collection Once your horizontal and vertical projections are solved, you are ready to collect data. The different measure mode settings and data collection options are described below. Measure Mode 1. From the Data Collection screen or from any GPS stake out screen, tap Settings to open the Job > Settings > Measure Mode card. 2. Select the Accept filter. • Fixed RTK only will reject all positions that are not fixed.
GPS Module Data Collection The GPS Data Collection screen is used to add points to the job file. There are several methods to collect data. Occupy Point Use this method if you want to occupy a point with the rover for any amount of time. When you start a point occupation, the receiver will be put in static mode for the most precise measurement possible, and the event will be recorded in the post processing log file. 1. Go to the Survey > Data Collection screen. 2. Enter a point name in the Point field.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode measurement. When you are satisfied with the measurement tap Accept to return to the Data Collection screen 8. Check the Results tab for details on the last measurement. Check the Map tab to see the points plotted as they are stored. Topo SS Use this method if you want to store a point at the current rover position. When you tap Topo SS, Survey Pro will check the current position against the measurement criteria. If the position is good, then Survey Pro will store the point.
GPS Module 5. Enter the direction (azimuth/bearing) from the reference point to the offset point. You can enter a direction in one of the following ways: • Using the horizontal angle returned from the conventional instrument if you took a shot. • Occupying a point on line with the reference point and the offset point. After you occupy the reference point, tap Direction from Two Points and then occupy a point on line with the reference point and the offset point.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Feature Collection Use this method if you want to continuously collect multiple points using either a measurement interval or by manually accepting each point. You can select from six different data collection modes. 1. Go to the Survey > Data Collection screen. 2. Enter a point name in the Point field. If this point already exists, you will be prompted to overwrite or choose the next available point.
GPS Module 9. If your mode is Manual, tap Accept when you want to collect a point. If your mode is Manual: multi descriptions, you will be prompted for a description, layer, and attributes (if set) for each point. 10. If you want to see a list of points stored so far, tap View Points. 11. If you wish to store points at any time during your continuous interval, tap Topo SS. 12. Tap Done to end feature collection and return to the Data Collection screen.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode RTK Stake Out Stake out with GPS is very similar to stake out with conventional instruments. See the Reference Manual for details on the different staking procedures. Below is a description of the two special features of stakeout with GPS. Roving/Occupying When you first start any GPS staking screen, measurements are started in the GPS receiver in dynamic (moving) mode.
GPS Module Field Procedure Enable Post Processing 1. Create a post processing receiver profile (Page 199). Note: For simultaneous RTK and post processing data collection, receiver recording will be started automatically when you configure the RTK base and rover and specify a post processing recording interval. If you wish to do post processing only data collection, you need to complete the next step as well. Start Recording in Receiver 2. Go to the Survey > Post Processing screen.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Pro job and you will be prompted to put the point on the autonomous layer. If you choose to store the point in the Receiver file only, the Site ID can be any valid name for the receiver and you are not prompted for layer or attributes. 2. Enter a Description for this point. Note: If the Site ID or Description is not valid for your model of receiver, you will be prompted to modify them. 3. Tap Set HR to select an antenna type and enter the slant or vertical measurement. 4.
GPS Module 4. Enter a Duration for this session. If you enter 0 or if you check Log Until Stop, the session will continue until you tap Stop. 5. Tapping Apply / Start will send the current Site ID and antenna information to the receiver to update the session in progress. If you are storing the point in Survey Pro, you will be prompted for the autonomous layer and attributes (if set) at this point.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Projection Utilities Survey Pro has a number of tools to help you work with map projections and coordinate system. This section describes the Adjust with Projection wizard and the Projection Calculator tools. Adjust with Projection The Adjust with Projection wizard is used to adjust job file points from one coordinate system into another.
GPS Module Survey Pro: Select Coordinate System, changing horizontal projection mode on the Job > Settings > Projection screen. • When you go to the Survey > Adjust with Projection screen, Survey Pro will open the Adjust with Projection Select Points screen There are two different methods to adjust points. Depending on your choice, you will select the source and destination coordinate systems, the adjustment will be calculated, and Survey Pro will show the Results screen.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Readjust with Current Projection: Use this mode when you wish to update locations using the current coordinate system. There are two options in this mode: Geodetic to Plane: use this option when you want to update the plane location of all points with geodetic coordinates. The WGS84 value of any selected point with geodetic coordinates will be transformed into a new plane value using the current coordinate system.
GPS Module Adjust with Projection – Prompt Adjust The Adjust with Projection Prompt Adjust screen is only shown when the wizard opens automatically when you change the coordinate system. This will be the case when you select a zone or site using the Select Coordinate System screen, when you change or remove the geoid using the Select Coordinate System screen, or when you change the horizontal projection mode on the Survey > Projection screen.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Adjust with Projection – Results The Adjust with Projection Results screen is used to preview the results of the adjustment before anything is applied to the job file. The default view is to list the action and results only for points that will be updated in the adjustment. You can tap Show all points to update the list to show the reason unchanged points are not adjusted. 1. Review the results. 2. Tap Apply to update the job.
GPS Module Convergence Calculator 1. Go to the Survey > Projection Calculator screen. 2. Choose a point on the mapping plane for convergence computation in the Select Point control. Tap Solve Rotation>. 3. The convergence and rotation are calculated. The convergence is displayed in the Geodetic N to Grid N box. The rotation is displayed in the Grid N to Geodetic N box. 4. Tap Accept when you are done. Both numbers are saved in the Past Results list so you can use them in other calculations.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Bluetooth & Windows Networking Survey Pro supports Bluetooth wireless communication on data collectors with built-in Bluetooth to communicate with Bluetoothenabled total stations, GPS receivers and cellular phones (for use as a modem when using VRS). This chapter explains the initial setup required in the Windows operating system, outside of Survey Pro, to use these devices with Survey Pro. Bluetooth Limitations Bluetooth can be thought of as a short-range radio link.
GPS Module Warning: It is not recommended that Bluetooth communication be used while logging GPS data to use for post processing. This scenario requires constant and reliable communications between the data collector and the receiver, which can only occur when using a communication cable. Bluetooth Setup in Windows This section describes how to enable Bluetooth in Windows and create a partnership with the device the data collector will communicate with.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode > Settings > System 2. From Windows, tap > System Information and verify there is a line stating that Bluetooth is installed. If it is not installed, you cannot use Bluetooth. Activate Bluetooth in Windows When Bluetooth hardware is installed on a Ranger, it must be enabled before it can be used. 1. Exit Survey Pro if it is running to return to the Windows operating system. > Settings > 2. From Windows, tap Connections > Bluetooth > Mode and check the Turn on Bluetooth checkbox.
GPS Module > Settings > 3. From Windows, tap Connections > Bluetooth > Devices. With the peripheral hardware positioned within a few meters, tap New… to search for Bluetooth devices. 4. Once the search is complete, all discoverable Bluetooth devices in the area will be listed. Tap the device you want to add and then tap Next . 5.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 6. Look at the cell phone. It will ask if you want to add the data collector to your devices. Answer [Yes] and then enter the same passkey using the cell phone's keypad. 7. Enter a name for the new device or use the default name and tap Finish . The new device will now be listed in your Bluetooth devices. 8. Repeat the above steps to add any other Bluetooth device that you want to use with Survey Pro. 9. Tap > to return to Survey Pro.
GPS Module Tapping the Bluetooth button will access the Windows Bluetooth Settings screen where you can quickly check or modify Bluetooth devices from this without exiting Survey Pro. Tap screen to return to Survey Pro. Windows Networking Survey Pro supports the use of a cellular phone as a modem to communicate with an NTRIP server when using VRS. Before using VRS for the first time, it is necessary to setup Windows Networking to use a cellular phone as a modem.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 4. With the Receiver card selected, set Receiver Mode to NTRIP Rover. 5. Select the Data Modem card. 6. Tap Manage Connections. (This will temporarily exit Survey Pro and access the > Settings > Connections > Windows' Connections screen.) 7. Under My ISP, tap Add a new modem connection.
GPS Module 8. Enter a name for the new connection in the first field • If communicating with the phone via Bluetooth, select Bluetooth in the second field and then tap Next and continue to the next step. • If the phone is connected to the data collector with a cable, select Hayes Compatible on COM1 in the second field and then tap Next and skip to Step 10. 9. Select the phone you added during the Bluetooth discovery and bonding process as described in the User's Manual and tap Next. 10.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 11. If your cellular phone company requires a user name and password to connect to online services, enter them in this screen, otherwise leave the fields in this screen blank and tap Finish. 12. Tap to close this screen and return to Survey Pro. 13. Select the newly-created cell phone modem for the Dial-Up Connection. Enter the IP Address of Base and Port for your VRS service provider and tap > > to return to the Main Menu.
GPS Module Starting a Survey with VRS The following steps explain how to start a survey with VRS after any necessary Bluetooth steps have been performed and the Windows Networking configuration is complete. 1. From the Main Menu, tap Survey > Start GPS Survey. 2. Tap Use Remote Base >. 3. Confirm your rover receiver is selected and then tap Connect >. The phone should begin dialing the server.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 4. Once connected, tap the desired NTRIP service. Enter your User Name and Password, if the selected service requires them and then tap Connect >. You can now complete your GPS setup. Hanging Up and Redialing a Cellular Phone From the Main Menu, tap Survey > GPS Status > Cell Modem. To hang up an active connection, tap Hang up.
Basic GPS Module Survey Pro can be sold with either the Basic GPS module or the standard GPS module. This section outlines the procedures for using Survey Pro with the Basic GPS module. If using the standard GPS module, refer to Page 243. In this section, you will learn: ¾ How to configure communication with the receivers. ¾ How to configure an RTK data modem link. ¾ How to use the Start Survey Wizard to start the RTK base and rover.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Serial Connection These steps describe how to configure the software when connecting to the receivers with a serial cable. This is the default setting and does not need to be configured unless it was changed. 1. If communicating with both GPS receivers using serial cables, tap Change Settings… from the Job > Settings > Connection screen.
Basic GPS Module Bluetooth Connection 1. If communicating with one or both GPS receivers using Bluetooth, tap Bluetooth Setup Wizard… from the Job > Settings > Connection screen. 2. Be sure your GPS receivers are powered on and the Bluetooth adapters are attached to COM2 on the EPOCH 25 and tap Scan >. 3. The scan should locate only valid receivers. Tap Next > to continue.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 4. The final screen displays the current connection and allows you to switch between Bluetooth and Serial if possible. If a particular Bluetooth receiver was not detected, it will automatically be configured to connect with a serial cable. Tap Finish to complete the wizard. RTK Data Modem Configuration This section explains how to configure the type of data link to use between the base and rover.
Basic GPS Module 3. Tap Change Radio Settings if you need to configure the radio. The current settings are displayed in the upper portion of the screen. Make any necessary changes in the lower portion of the screen and tap Set to send the changes to the radio. Note: some settings on the radio cannot be modified with Survey Pro. To fully program the radio modems, you need to PC software that should be supplied with the radio. Using a Cellular Phone 1.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 3. Enter a name for the new connection in the first field, select Bluetooth in the second field and then tap Next and continue to the next step. 4. Confirm the Bluetooth cell phone that you want to partner with is turned on and Bluetooth is enabled and then tap New Partnership. The data collector will perform a scan for any nearby Bluetooth devices and list them on the screen when finished. 5. Select the cell phone you want to partner with and tap Next.
Basic GPS Module 6. If the partnered device requires a passkey, enter it here, otherwise leave it blank and tap Next. When partnering with a cell phone for use as a data modem, you typically enter any key that is 3 characters or longer and then enter the same key when you are prompted on the phone from the phone's keypad. 7. Check the Dialup Networking checkbox and tap Finish to continue. 8. Select the cell phone you just added and tap Next.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode 9. Enter the number provided by your cellular phone company used to access online services and tap Next. 10. If your cellular phone company requires a user name and password to connect to online services, enter them in this screen, otherwise leave the fields in this screen blank and tap Finish. 11. Tap to close this screen and return to Survey Pro.
Basic GPS Module Basic GPS Start Survey To start a survey with the Basic GPS module, plug in the serial cable or connect the Bluetooth dongles and tap Survey > Start GPS Survey. The software will walk you through the rest of the process, which will be determined by the type of modem data link you are using and which receiver you are connected to. When connected using a serial cable, the software will detect if you are connected to the base or rover and start the set base or set rover workflow accordingly.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode No matching base found One matching base found 3. Fill in the screen and tap Next>. The base point name and the precise geodetic coordinate of the base are noted in Survey Pro. If you are doing post processing at the base, the station name, description, and antenna height are then sent to the file on the base receiver for post processing. More than one matching base found Set Up Rover 4.
Basic GPS Module The button at the bottom right of the screen will say Next > any time this is a remote rover setup, or if you have set the base but the projection is not fully set and solved for this survey. The button will say Finish if you have set the base and the projection is solved. a. On Next >: i. If the base was not set with this wizard, takes you to Setup Remote Base screen (Page 314). ii.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode After the network type has been decoded, if it is a single base network without an NTRIP logon protocol, we will go straight to Rover setup, if it is a NTRIP network, we will go to the NTRIP Services page. Note: You should not use this routine to connect to a VRS service that does not use an NTRIP logon procedure. (This workflow is only supported in the standard GPS module.) Select NTRIP Services Screen Once connected, tap the desired NTRIP service.
Basic GPS Module Hanging Up and Redialing a Cellular Phone To hang up an active connection, tap Survey > GPS Status > Cell Modem > Hang up from the Main Menu. If a connection was made previously, the Dial will be available. Tapping it will attempt to reconnect to the last connection that was made, including selecting the same NTRIP service, if applicable. Solve Projection The solve projection routine will appear any time the coordinate system is not solved.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode GPS Backsight Page Layout GPS Resection Page Layout 1. Tap Occupy Control > to open the Collect Control Prompt screen (Page 317). This screen is used to select an existing job file point and initiate an occupation to create a GPS control point, which will be used to solve the localization. 2. After each occupation, the screen updates. 3. When enough horizontal and vertical control is collected, the wizard advances to the Projection Check Point Status screen (Page 318). 4.
Basic GPS Module Collect Control – Screen 1 1. Select an existing job file point 2. Designate if it is valid for horizontal, vertical, or 3D control. 3. Level the receiver over the point and tap Start Control Point Occupation. This will open the next Collect Control screen (Page 317) to monitor the occupation. Collect Control – Screen 2 1. Review the choice of H/V control eligibility. 2. Tap Accept to end the occupation. The control point is created in the job file and the raw data is recorded.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Projection Check Point Status Page The Projection Check Point Status screen appears in one of two states: GPS Backsight, or GPS Resection. The conditions for either state are the same as the Control Point Status screen. GPS Backsight Page Layout GPS Resection Page Layout 1. Tap Occupy Check > to open the Collect Check Point Prompt (Page 319).
Basic GPS Module Collect Check Point Prompt 1. Select an existing job file point. 2. Designate if it is valid for horizontal, vertical, or 3D control. 3. Level the receiver over the point and tap Start Control Point Occupation. This will open the Collect Check Point screen, below, to monitor the occupation. Collect Check Point Screen 1. Examine the errors. Only the errors for the dimensions you specify for this control point (2D/1D/3D) will be shown. 2. Tap Accept to finish the occupation.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Solve Localization and Detect Blunders Before this page is opened, the localization is solved using all the control points, and then the automatic blunder detection routine runs to detect low quality control points. If Yes is displayed in the H or V column, it indicates the corresponding control point will be included in the horizontal or vertical localization solution, respectively. This can be toggled between Yes (included) or blank (not included) by tapping on it.
Basic GPS Module blunder detection, then you will see a yellow arrow, and the status line will indicate the poor geometry of the control points, or if the localization fails to solve, you will see a yellow arrow and the status the status line will indicate the failure to solve the localization. Tapping Finish will apply the localization.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode with the available control points and checking the extra control points for closure. This routine will usually identify the one or two bad points in a control point set, and then prompt you to automatically remove these points as control for the localization. If there is an ambiguous result for the blunder detection, you will be prompted to collect extra check points to provide the information needed to correctly identify the blunders.
Basic GPS Module Connect to Base and Rover – TDS Localization ‘One Point Setup’ The Start Survey Wizard will have different behavior any time the user is in Ground TDS Localization mode, and there is only one point in the job. This behavior will be similar to the workflow to perform the One Point Setup procedure that is currently supported in regular GPS mode and is described below: Setup Base Hardware Screen This step is the same as the regular Basic Start Survey Setup Base Hardware screen (Page 311). 1.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Traverse Base The Traverse Base routine provides an easy method to collect a point and then move your base to that point, or to move your base to any existing point in the current job. 1. From the Data Collection screen, tap Traverse Base to open the Traverse Base screen. 2. The Traverse Base screen provides you with the following two options: 324 a.
Basic GPS Module Traverse Now Routine 1. Tap Traverse Base >. This will open a prompt to move the receiver. 2. Tap OK to open the Connect to Base Receiver prompt. 3. Tap Connect > to auto-connect to a base, which includes the check and retry prompt if connected to the rover. 4. On connection to the base receiver, we begin the steps of the Basic Start Survey wizard (Page 311). Occupy Then Traverse Routine 1. Tap Occupy Then Traverse to open the Occupy Data Point screen. 2.
User’s Manual – GPS Mode Projection Solve Localization When you go to the Projection dialog in Basic GPS mode, and tap [Solve Localization], the screen and workflow will be similar to the Basic Start Survey wizard, Solve Localization and Detect Blunders screen described on Page 320.
References Books: The following books are available from various sources, including the America Congress on Surveying and Mapping: o 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda MD, 20814 Phone: (301) 493 0200 Email: books@acsm.net For a basic description of GPS hardware, field procedures, network design, planning observations: o Van Sickle, Jan. GPS for Land Surveyors 1996, Ann Arbor. 300pp.
