SURVEY PRO ® for Windows CE GPS User’s Manual 2002 Tripod Data Systems, Inc.
GPS User’s Manual TRIPOD DATA SYSTEMS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT: BY OPENING THE SEALED MEDIA PACKAGE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY ("Agreement"). THIS AGREEMENT CONSTITUTES THE COMPLETE AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND TRIPOD DATA SYSTEMS, INC. ("Licensor").
Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 GPS Coordinates................................................................................... 2 Datums ....................................................................................... 2 Horizontal Datums....................................................................................4 Vertical Datums .....................................................................
GPS User’s Manual Bluetooth Error Messages ......................................................................59 Projection Utilities.............................................................................. 61 Projection Calculator .............................................................. 61 Scale Factor Calculator ...........................................................................61 Convergence Calculator .........................................................................
Introduction This book is divided into two parts. The first part is the user’s manual. The second part is the reference manual. The users manual includes a brief explanation of the basic concepts of GPS coordinate systems and GPS measurements. The following sections cover step-by-step instructions on how to use Survey Pro GPS for RTK and post processing data collection. At the end of the user's manual are some tutorial jobs you can do to illustrate the instructions in the book.
GPS Coordinates To represent positions in space you need two things. First, you need a datum to define an origin, an orientation, and a scale. Second, you need a coordinate system to specify the locations in the datum. GPS positions are in a global geocentric datum, using latitude and longitude angles to specify location. Most engineering and surveying jobs require positions in a 2D Cartesian coordinate system.
GPS Coordinates Geocentric datums such as WGS84 use a rotational ellipsoid to model the shape of the earth. The WGS84 ellipsoid was based on and is virtually identical to the Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid. The ellipsoid origin is at the earth’s center of mass. Its minor axis corresponds with the earth’s rotation axis and its major axis corresponds to the mean equatorial plane. WGS84 Geodetic v.
GPS User’s Manual Below is a description of some common horizontal and vertical datums used by Survey Pro. Horizontal Datums • NAD27 The North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) horizontal datum was established in the early part of the twentieth century to define a horizontal coordinate system in North America. The datum originated at a central point, Meades Ranch in Kansas. From there, conventional triangulation and trilateration networks radiated outward to establish new monuments in the system.
GPS Coordinates (ITRF). Because the earth’s center of mass and spin axis drift over time, you will often see the WGS84 datum followed by brackets (1996.0). The date in the brackets indicates the epoch defining the datum. This is all quite confusing. Fortunately, for most RTK GPS applications, you do not need to worry about these WGS84 differences. The significant part of the datum difference is a shift, and you correct this when you specify the GPS base position.
GPS User’s Manual • Custom Datum Transformations Most North American and international datums are pre programmed into the Survey Pro coordinate system database. If you require a datum not programmed into the database, you can use the Projection Key In Wizard to create a custom Molodensky or similarity datum transformation. Vertical Datums GPS satellites orbit the Earth’s center of mass, while objects on the surface of the planet are affected by the force of the local gravity field.
GPS Coordinates • NGVD29 The first continental height datum in the United States was the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29). According to the technology of the day, this datum was based on normal gravity, that is, the gravity field at the instrument when it was leveled. Points along the coast were chosen and their elevation above sea level was determined from a network of tide gauges. Spirit level networks were then run across the country and closed on the opposite coast.
GPS User’s Manual Coordinate Systems A coordinate system is a way to describe positions in a datum. Coordinate systems range from simple Cartesian (y,x) or (N,E) positions on a flat plane to complex geodetic latitudes and longitudes on a reference ellipsoid. Below is a description of some coordinate systems common in surveying: • Northing, Easting, Elevation Survey projects usually use simple plane coordinates.
GPS Coordinates • ECEF XYZ Geodetic coordinates are some times given in the Earth Centered Earth Fixed (ECEF) Cartesian coordinate system. This coordinate system has its origin at the Earth’s center of mass, the primary (Z) axis is the earth’s spin axis; the secondary (X) axis is the intersection of the equatorial plane and the mean meridian of Greenwich; the tertiary (Y) axis is orthogonal in a right handed system.
GPS User’s Manual Horizontal Coordinate Systems Survey projects use horizontal coordinates on either a local plane or a map projection. For small projects, you can assume a simple flat earth plane and calculate coordinates directly with measured distances. Use TDS localization mode for this procedure. For large projects, a mapping plane is used to accurately represent the curved surface of the earth on a flat plane and conventionally measured distances need to be scaled to the mapping plane grid.
GPS Coordinates • Area A map projection is equi-areal when it correctly plots areas over the entire map. That is, all mapped areas have the same proportional relationship to the areas on the Earth that they represent. Common Conformal Map Projections in Surveying • Transverse Mercator The Transverse Mercator (TM) projection results from projecting the ellipsoid onto a cylinder tangent to a central meridian.
GPS User’s Manual Lambert projections are used for about half of the State Plane Coordinate System zones in the USA. • Stereographic The Stereographic projection results from projecting an ellipsoid onto a plane. Directions are true from the center point and distortions in scale, area and shape increase uniformly away from the central point. The stereographic projection is azimuthal.
GPS Coordinates K=1.0 K>1.0 • K=1.0 K<1.0 K=0.9996 K>1.0 Distance on Ellipsoid Mapping Plane id Distance on Map El li p so Central Meridian Fig. 3: Transverse Mercator Mapping Plane A side view of the cylinder shows the effect of scale distortion. Universal Transverse Mercator Projection The scale factor at the central meridian (CM) is 0.9996. The scale factor is 1.0 approximately 170-km east and west of the CM. The scale factor is less than one between the CM and the point of tangency.
GPS User’s Manual Ellipsoid Scale Factor This scale factor accounts for the height of the ground above the reference surface (the ellipsoid). This scale factor is defined geometrically: Consider the following diagram: Distance on Ground Ellipsoid Height, h distground/(R+h) = distelip/R Distance on Ellipsoid distelip/distground = R/(R+h) kelip = R/ (R+h) Radius of Ellipsoid, R a R= (1 − e sin φ ) 2 R+h 2 1 2 Fig.
GPS Coordinates Geoid Models in TDS Software Survey Pro has several geoid models in the coordinate system database. All of the geoid models use data files in geoid grid file (*.GGF) format. Note: To use a geoid model, geoid data files (*.GGF) must be in the Geodata directory. • Users in the U.S.A., Mexico, and the Caribbean can use either the NGS Geoid96 or the NGS Geoid99 models. This coverage includes the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
GPS User’s Manual Survey Pro Coordinate System Database Survey Pro uses a Coordinate System Database file (*.CSD) to store the map projection and datum transformation parameters for many different coordinate systems around the world. Also, horizontal and vertical localization adjustments are stored as site records in the database. Below is a list of the terminology used to describe the different records in the coordinate system database. • Zone: Is the basic record type.
GPS Measurements This section gives a brief explanation of GPS measurements. First, a discussion of the basic theory of differential positioning will familiarize you with different solution types and their expected precision. Next, step-by-step instructions will describe how to configure Survey Pro with GPS receivers to perform either Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS or data collection for post processing differential GPS.
GPS User’s Manual Differential Solutions: Types and Quality Code Differential Code differential solutions use the Coarse Acquisition (C/A) navigation code transmitted on the GPS carrier wave. Because the wavelength of the code segment is long (300m), code differential is the least precise differential solution. Accuracies of 1-10 meters are possible with DGPS using C/A code differential positioning.
GPS Measurements Differential GPS with Survey Pro DGPS requires raw data measured from separate receivers to be combined into a single range difference. For Real Time Kinematic (RTK) data collection, the raw data can be broadcast using a radio link or cell phones and the differential solution is solved in real time. For Post Processing data collection, the raw data is collected in each receiver’s internal memory and downloaded to a PC.
GPS User’s Manual RTK Settings If you are using Survey Pro for RTK, or RTK and post processing simultaneous data collection, the following cards of the Job, Settings screen contain settings specific to RTK: • Measure Mode: is where you select the receiver dynamic for point occupations and the type of GPS raw data to store for each point. You can also specify measurement acceptance criteria. For more information see the Reference Manual.
RTK Data Collection RTK data collection uses differential GPS corrections broadcast by a base receiver to solve for coordinates at a rover receiver in real time. This section describes how to use Survey Pro for RTK GPS data collection.
GPS User’s Manual Projection Mode Summary Horizontal Ground - TDS Localization • Local coordinates are at ground level, based on the project height. • Distances shot with EDM are at ground scale, so are 1:1 with coordinates solved by the projection. • Default map projection and datum are automatically initialized with RTK base setup. Mapping Plane • Local coordinates are on a conformal map projection grid.
RTK Data Collection Note: If you are using Ground- TDS Localization for your horizontal projection mode, and you want to use a geoid, you only need to select the geoid model once. Survey Pro remembers the geoid model you last used and will automatically assign this geoid in a new job's Localization map projection zone. You can go directly to Receiver Setup after opening a job.
GPS User’s Manual Mapping Plane Setup Use the Mapping Plane Setup screen to either select a map projection zone from one of the zone groups, or select a localized map projection site from the database. This screen is also used to open the Projection Key In Setup wizard where you can key in the parameters of a custom map projection and datum. 1. Tap 6HOHFW =RQH… on the Horizontal card of the Projection screen to open the Mapping Plane Setup screen. 2.
RTK Data Collection • Use the Key In Parameters button to open the Projection Key In Setup screen where you can configure a custom map projection and datum. Projection Key In Setup Use the Projection Key In Setup screen to create a custom map projection and a custom datum transformation to use as the selected mapping plane zone: 1. Tap Select Zone… on the Horizontal card of the Projection screen to open the Mapping Plane Setup screen. 2.
GPS User’s Manual • • North\East Grid. Select this choice to have coordinates increase positive in the north and east directions. South\West Grid. Select this choice to have coordinates increase positive in the south and west directions. Note: The geodetic calculation engine and the Survey Pro coordinate geometry engine are separate components. While the geodetic engine can properly handle southwest grid systems, Survey Pro can only operate on a northeast grid system.
RTK Data Collection Note: Note the sign of the datum shift and rotation parameters. Some datum transformations are given in terms of local datum to WGS84. Survey Pro always assumes datum transformation parameters are WGS84 to local. You might need to reverse the sign of the datum parameters you have to use them in Survey Pro. 14. Tap 1H[W . If you are using a Custom Molodensky datum, the next screen will be the final screen where you can 6WRUH the record. 15.
GPS User’s Manual Using Ellipsoid Heights Ellipsoid height is a method that stores the local ellipsoid height measurement as the vertical coordinate. Use ellipsoid heights if the vertical is not important to the project, or when you intend to transform heights to elevations in the office using a separate program. 1. Set the Vertical Projection Mode on the Job, Settings, Projection card to Ellipsoid Height. 2. Tap 2. . Using vertical ellipsoid heights requires no additional projection solution.
RTK Data Collection 6. Plug the data collector into the receiver. 7. Go to the Receiver card from the Job, Settings screen. Tap 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV . Data Collector to Receiver Communications 8. We will automatically attempt to connect to the receiver. If we can not connect to the receiver, you will be prompted to auto detect the correct baud rate and receiver port. Tap 2. at the prompt or tap &KDQJH and then $XWR 'HWHFW on the Receiver card. 9.
GPS User’s Manual 16. Set any other parameters specific to your brand and model. On the General card, different receiver brands have special settings available. 17. Hardware configuration is complete. Tap the Base Setup screen. 2. twice to return to RTK Configurations Note: The following step is only necessary if you need to use different COM port settings for your base and rover RTK receivers. 18. Set the base or rover configuration. If this receiver is the RTK base, tap 6DYH FXUUHQW UHFHLYHU DV 57.
RTK Data Collection Note: If this receiver has already set an antenna with Survey Pro, the measurement and settings will be recalled from the registry, so you will not have to do this step again. 3. Enter a name for the Base Point. You can select an existing point from the job or you can enter a new point name for the job. If you select: • An existing point with geodetic coordinates, we send these reference coordinates to the GPS receiver and configure the base coordinate in Survey Pro.
GPS User’s Manual SET Base at Known Geodetic Coordinate 5. Tap 6(7 to configure the base receiver with this position and begin broadcasting RTK corrections over the radio link. Note: If you have post processing data collection turned on, the receiver will now open a file (with the next available default name), start recording GPS raw data, and enter the station and antenna information for this setup. 6. When done, you will return to the Current GPS Base screen where the base station details are displayed.
RTK Data Collection Rover Receiver Setup Use the Rover Setup screen to configure a GPS receiver to be an RTK rover. 1. Go to Rover Setup from the Survey menu. Rover setup procedure depends on how the base was set. If the base was set with this data collector, the base reference position is already known in Survey Pro and you can simply SET the rover to start your survey.
GPS User’s Manual c. Note: If you have post processing data collection turned on, the receiver will now open a file (with the next available default name), start recording GPS raw data, and enter the antenna information for this setup. d. Once the base station location is received over the radio link, you are prompted to set the base reference position is Survey Pro. If the base coordinate already exists in your job file, then that point is chosen by Survey Pro as the base point.
RTK Data Collection least squares solution using the control points. These parameters are added to the zone record (selected map plane zone or default Localization zone) to create a zone based site record. Vertical Localizations, with or without a geoid model, uses the same field procedure. Starting from an autonomous GPS base setup, you measure GPS positions on control points with know local elevations. The vertical adjustment parameters are calculated from the control points.
GPS User’s Manual ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Take GPS measurements to a minimum of two horizontal control points, and either one vertical control point (to calculate shift for geoid model) or three vertical control points (to calculate an inclined plane). Go to Projection from the Survey menu. Tap 6ROYH /RFDOL]DWLRQ « Select the points to use for horizontal and vertical control and tap 6ROYH! . Verify solution residual or misclosure quality. Tap 1H[W! to review the parameters and tap $FFHSW to finish setup.
RTK Data Collection Note: If you select a point from the job’s control file, you will be prompted to make a local copy of the point. Control point collection will add a geodetic coordinate to the point record and points in the job’s control file cannot be modified. Note: If Store GPS Raw Data on the Measure Mode card of the Job, Settings screen is set to EP + Rx Raw (or + OBN for Ashtech users), when you begin a point occupation the control point name is checked as a valid site ID for the receiver.
GPS User’s Manual 8. Tap 6ROYH /RFDOL]DWLRQ to open the Solve Localization wizard. Note: If you are using localization for the vertical transform mode, then the next screen will look like the illustration below. If you are using ellipsoid heights, then the vertical column will be missing. 9. In the list box, control points collected will be identified with an H and/or V. Points marked H will be used to solve horizontal localization. Points marked with a V will be used to solve vertical localization.
RTK Data Collection • Unique: the solution was calculated using less than the minimum number of control points (1 horizontal or 2 vertical). In this case, there is no least squares solution so the numbers in the N Err, E Err, and/or V Err columns are misclosures calculated from the control points not used in the solution. • LSQ: the solution was calculated with at least the minimum number of control points (2+ horizontal and/or 3+ vertical).
GPS User’s Manual Manual Entry of Parameters Manual entry of parameters is used when you already know the appropriate horizontal and vertical localization parameters for a site. Use manual entry of parameters to key in the site parameters and set it as the current projection record. If you already know the scale, rotation, translation, and origin for a horizontal site, or if you know the slope, shift and origin of a vertical site, you can manually set the localization parameters. 1.
RTK Data Collection Localization Parameters Explained Before you accept a localization solution, you should evaluate the parameters and the quality of the solution. This section describes the meaning and the expected values for the six horizontal and five vertical localization parameters. Guidelines for the quality and geometry of control points plus the solution redundancy and residuals are also described.
GPS User’s Manual Mapping Plane Mode: Scale: is the scale difference between the intermediate mapping plane using the autonomous GPS position and the actual mapping plane control coordinates. Scale should be very close to 1.0. A value of 1.0 corresponds to grid distances on the selected conformal mapping plane. A scale value significantly greater or smaller than 1.0 may indicate problems with the control point accuracy and/or the control measurement precision.
RTK Data Collection Normal to Geoid Normal to Ellipsoid Deflection (a,b) Separation rface Geoid Su Surface Ellipsoid Fig. 9: Vertical Localization Three control points calculate a plane to model the deflection and shift between the geoid and ellipsoid surface. Vertical Calibration and Geoid Modeling If you do not use a geoid model, vertical localization will solve for slope and separation using the measured heights and the control elevations.
GPS User’s Manual • Geometry of control points: the control points should be distributed evenly surrounding the survey area. Fig. 10: Good Control Point Geometry Three control points surround the project area. Fig. 11: Poor Control Point Geometry Three control points in one corner of the project area. Also, for vertical localization, the three control points are close to co-linear.
RTK Data Collection Ground - TDS Localization Explained: When the horizontal projection mode is Ground - TDS Localization, a default map projection is automatically set up to produce ground coordinates at the base station height. The TDS Localization map projection is an oblique stereographic map projection with the following parameters: o o o Origin is at the initial base station location False northing and false easting of 100000.
GPS User’s Manual • When you collect geodetic measurements, each new point is assigned the set up group of the current base station. • When you set the base on an existing point with geodetic coordinates, the point’s existing set up group is used as the new base station set up group. • When you set the base on a point with existing plane coordinates and compute geodetic coordinates using the ‘Move Base’ algorithm, the existing base station set up group is used as the new base station set up group.
RTK Data Collection • Delta N and E are the translations between the desired local start coordinate and the origin of the TDS Localization map projection (100000, 100000) m. 5. Tap $FFHSW . You are now ready to start data collection. Localization Calculator Note: The Localization calculator is used to provide the field procedure for a workflow supported in Survey Pro versions prior to 3.5.
GPS User’s Manual 6. Examine the results. The Rotation is the negative of meridian convergence between the central meridian of the selected map projection zone and the base point. 7. If you set your base up on a known point, then the base station coordinates are already entered into the Base Station Local Coordinate fields. Tap 6ROYH! to calculate the localization parameters. Tap $FFHSW to finish setup and return to the Projection screen. 8.
RTK Data Collection RTK Data Collection Once your horizontal and vertical projections are solved, you are ready to collect data. The different measure mode settings and data collection options are described below. Measure Mode 1. Go to Data Collection from the Survey menu. Tap top of the screen. 6HWWLQJV at the 2. Select the receiver dynamics. ¾ ¾ Static on occupy will set the receiver to ‘static’ mode for point occupations.
GPS User’s Manual Note: Raw data types + Rx Raw (and/or + OBN for Ashtech users) are only available when Receiver Dynamics is set to Static on occupy. Note: All receivers need to be in static mode to record Rx. Raw, and some receivers always record Rx Raw when in static mode. If the combination of settings you select is not compatible for your receiver, you will be prompted to change the settings.. 4. Select the Accept filter. ¾ Fixed RTK only will reject all positions that are not fixed.
RTK Data Collection Data Collection Methods Data Point Use this method if you want to occupy points one at a time. 1. Go to Data Collection from the Survey menu. 2. Enter a point name in the Point field. If this point already exists, you will be prompted to overwrite or choose the next available point. Note: If you have Store GPS Raw Data set to + Rx Raw (or + OBN for Ashtech users), your point name must be a valid Site Id for the receiver model.
GPS User’s Manual Offset Point Use this method if you cannot occupy a point directly, but you can occupy a location close by and provide an azimuth and distance to the point. 1. Go to Data Collection from the Survey menu. 2. Enter a point name in the Point field. If this point already exists, you will be prompted to overwrite or choose the next available point. 3. Enter a Description. 4. Tap 2IIVHW to open the Offset Shots screen.
RTK Data Collection ¾ ¾ 8. Tap 6WRUH Occupying a point on line with the reference point and the offset point. After you occupy the reference point, tap 'LUHFWLRQ IURP 7ZR 3RLQWV and then occupy a point on line with the reference point and the offset point. When you are done occupying the on line point, you will be prompted for the direction to your offset point. Entering a value by hand. to store the point. 9. Store any number of additional offset points from this GPS reference point.
GPS User’s Manual 4. Tap )HDWXUH . On the Feature Collection screen, select a Method. An explanation of the selected method is displayed at the bottom of the screen. See the reference manual for more information. 5. If you select a continuous method, you must specify an appropriate Interval. 6. Tap 6WDUW to begin measurements. The Occupy Data Point screen displays the local coordinate. 7. When you are ready to begin continuous collection, tap $FFHSW . 8.
RTK Data Collection RTK Stake Out Stake out with GPS is very similar to stake out with conventional instruments. See the user’s manual for details on the different staking procedures. Below is a description of the two special features of stakeout with GPS. o !5RYLQJ / !2FFXS\LQJ 1. When you first start any GPS staking screen, measurements are started in the GPS receiver in dynamic (moving) mode.
GPS User’s Manual Bluetooth Communication Survey Pro can communicate using a wireless Bluetooth connection. Bluetooth technology uses a short-range radio connection between a Bluetooth-enabled data collector and a Bluetooth-enabled receiver as an alternative to a cable serial port connection. This section explains how to configure Survey Pro to take advantage of Bluetooth and discusses its limitations. Configuring the Bluetooth Settings 1.
RTK Data Collection 3. Open the Microsoft® Bluetooth Device Management applet. This is typically accessed from the Windows® CE.NET Control Panel. It can also be accessed while running Survey Pro in either of the following two ways: Method 1: • While running Survey Pro, escape to the Windows® CE.NET operating system by pressing Ctrl , [ESC]. • Tap | 6HWWLQJV | &RQWURO Bluetooth 3DQHO and then double-tap the icon.
GPS User’s Manual 8. After returning to the Receiver Communication screen, tap 5HIUHVK and the new trusted device will be displayed. 9. Tap 2. to continue. Bluetooth Limitations Bluetooth can be thought of as a short-range radio link. As with any radio link of this type, communications can be interrupted by a number of reasons, including, but not limited to: • The operating range between the devices is exceeded. (The Bluetooth range is limited to approximately 10 meters.
RTK Data Collection Recovering from Signal Loss If Bluetooth communications failure occurs and the software is not able to recover, you may need to uncheck and then re-check the Enable Bluetooth checkbox from the Bluetooth Device Management screen. This screen is accessed from either of the methods described in Step 3, under Configuring the Bluetooth Settings, above.
Projection Utilities Projection Calculator You can use the Projection Calculator to calculate combined scale factor for scaling conventional distance measurements to the mapping plane. You can also use the Projection Calculator to calculate meridian convergence for reducing geodetic azimuths (like a sun shot) to grid bearings. Scale Factor Calculator 1. Go to Projection Calculator from the Survey menu. 2. Choose a point on the mapping plane for scale computation in the Select Point control.
GPS User’s Manual Convergence Calculator 1. Go to Projection Calculator from the Survey menu. 2. Choose a point on the mapping plane for convergence computation in the Select Point control. Tap 6ROYH 5RWDWLRQ! . 3. The convergence and rotation are calculated. The convergence is displayed in the Geodetic N to Grid N box. The rotation is displayed in the Grid N to Geodetic N box. 4. Tap $FFHSW when you are done. Both numbers are saved in the Past Results list so you can use them in other calculations.
Projection Utilities 4. Tap *HRGHWLF WR 3ODQH! . You will be warned that coordinates will be changed. If you are sure you are ready to proceed, tap 2. . 5. The final page displays the results. The Results box displays the number of points adjusted. If some points were not adjusted, a list of these points and an explanation why they were not adjusted is displayed.
GPS User’s Manual 5b. Tap 5HFDOFXODWH! to generate new GPS coordinates based on the plane coordinates. This action will change point records and you will be prompted to ensure you are ready to proceed. 6. The final screen displays the results. The Results box displays the number of points checked or adjusted. If you checked points, the Results box also displays the horizontal and/or vertical error and if any points were not checked.
Projection Utilities Note: If your projection is a localized site, then any errors in the localization solution will propagate through to the new coordinate system, possibly degrading precision of the conventionally measured coordinates. 1. Select all job file points, and select to adjust H and V. 2. Tap 3ODQH WR *HRGHWLF and tap &KHFN to verify the accuracy of the geodetic to local transformation. Rectify any problem coordinates. 3.
Managing GPS Coordinates with TDS Survey Pro for Windows CE uses a binary file with the extension *.job. A .JOB file point record will contain a point name, plane location (N, E, Z), and a description. It may also contain geodetic coordinates for points calculated, imported, or measured with GPS, as well as poly lines, alignments, layers, attributes, and automatic line work structures. This section describes different ways to manipulate geodetic coordinates with both Survey Pro and Survey Link.
Managing GPS Coordinates • GPS Control Point: You can ‘occupy’ a localization and hand enter a geodetic location. • GPS Check Point: You can ‘occupy’ a checkpoint and hand-enter a geodetic location. The local coordinate of your entered geodetic location is compared to the selected point and displayed on the Results tab. &RQWURO 3RLQW Edit Points You can edit all of a point’s values using the Edit Points screen from the Job menu. This is described in more detail in the users and reference manual.
GPS User’s Manual Import a .GPS File You can use Import Coordinates from the Job menu to merge DOS control point measurements (in a *.GPS file) with the local plane coordinates in a job file. 1. Open the job with the project’s plane coordinates. You can open the *.CR5 file directly and it will be converted into a .job file or you can open a new .job file and import the CR5 coordinates. 2. Go to Import Coordinates from the Job menu. For file Type, select, (*.GPS) and pick the *.
Managing GPS Coordinates Survey Link File Import To create a .CR5 or an ASCII text file from a .JOB file, go to Survey Pro CE Import/Export from the Transfer menu. 1. Enter the Job file name of the job to import. 2. Specify the Distance units of the coordinates to generate. 3. Specify what part of the point record you wish to import: the plane (NEZ) coordinates or the GPS (Lat, Long, Ht) coordinates. 4. Specify if you want to create a .CR5 or an ASCII text file. 5.
GPS User’s Manual File Export To create a .JOB file from either an ASCII text file or a .CR5 file, go to Survey Pro CE Import/Export from the Transfer menu. 1. Specify the Distance units of the coordinates to export. 2. Specify the point record type of the input file. Choose (Lat, Long, Ht) to create GPS point records. Choose (N, E, Z) to create standard point records.
Post Processing Data Collection Post processing data collection uses GPS raw data stored in the receiver’s internal memory. Raw data from multiple receivers is combined and then PC software is used to process the base line measurements. The following section describes how to start recording raw data in the receiver internal memory for both post processing only data collection and simultaneous RTK and post processing data collection. Field Procedure Turn On Post Processing 1.
GPS User’s Manual Start Recording in Receiver 1. With the GPS Mode set to Post Process, go to the Survey menu. 2. Choose Start Static Rx. if you want to configure a receiver to record raw data at a stationary setup. Choose Start Stop/Go Rx. if you want to configure a receiver to do stop and go data collection. 3. Tap &KDQJH values. 6HWWLQJV to select a new Rec Interval or Threshold 4. Tap 6HWXS +5 to select an antenna type and enter the slant or vertical measurement. 5.
Post Processing file only, the site ID can be any valid name for the receiver and you are not prompted for layer or attributes. Note: If you are using this screen with GPS Mode set to RTK, you can store points only on the receiver’s file. To store points in the receiver and in Survey Pro, use a regular RTK data collection routine and set the raw data for + Rx. 3. Enter a Site ID and Description for this point.
GPS User’s Manual Office Procedure 1. Use the software supplied by the receiver manufacturer to download the files from receiver internal memory onto your PC. 2. Use your GPS baseline processing software to combine the raw data from different receivers and generate GPS base lines. Note: See the documentation supplied with your PC software for details on downloading and processing GPS raw data from the receiver’s internal memory.
Tutorial Jobs This section contains sample jobs to illustrate all of the main functions of Survey Pro GPS Module. Each job illustrates different horizontal and vertical projection methods as well as different GPS field procedures. Before Starting • Make sure you have the file demofile.txt in the same directory as the Survey Pro executable (usually in Disk\Program Files\Survey Pro). • Make sure you have the files TDSControl_Ground.job and TDSControl_ORNorth.
GPS User’s Manual Scenario Your firm has done many jobs over the years at a particular site. You want to use your RTK system to generate new coordinates in this existing coordinate system. The original coordinate system was based on an assumed bearing, so you have no idea how the coordinate grid is oriented with respect to geodetic north. Procedure 1. Open the existing job file: TDSControl_Ground.job. • Make sure you are in GPS mode and then check the settings. 2. Select a geoid model to use with the job.
Trouble Shooting • Enter the antenna measurement for the rover. • Tap 6HW 5RYHU 5. Collect control points. • From the GPS Survey menu, tap Control Points. • Collect control points CHAP, 54, and 1 by entering their names in the Point control (or selecting them from the map or list) and tap &RQWURO . • On the Occupy Control Point screen, flag each point to use as both Horizontal and Vertical control points. Tap $FFHSW to add the control point geodetic coordinate to the selected point record. 6.
GPS User’s Manual • The Delta values represent the shift from the TDS Localization stereographic zone false northing and easting (100000.0, 100000.0) to the local system (5000.0, 5000.0). • Tap $FFHSW to apply the solution. You are prompted that this will update the plane coordinate of all GPS points. Tap 2. to apply the localization solution to all GPS measured points. Your new autonomous base point’s local coordinates will also be calculated.
Trouble Shooting • Tap 6(7 to configure the base station. Since the Localization adjustment is already solved, you will not be prompted to solve the projection again. 10. Check points and add control point. • Go to Control Points. Select point 2 and tap &KHFN 3RLQW . Since you have not yet set the rover, tap 6HW 5RYHU 1RZ at the prompt, then retap &KHFN 3RLQW . The results should be perfect. • Add Control Point 2. Deselect the H/V check when you are collecting it.
GPS User’s Manual Reuse Localization Solutions Objectives This tutorial job will teach you: • • • How to reuse a localization solution in a new job. How to select a Localization adjustment record from the coordinate system database. How to use a control file. Scenario You want to return to the project site from the first tutorial to add some new measurements. You want to use a new job file for this new work, but you do not want to collect the control measurements again. Procedure 1. Create a new job.
Trouble Shooting • Go to Rover Setup. Set the rover 4. Check point • Go to Control Points and select point 3 for a results should be near perfect. &KHFN . The 5. Feature Collection • From the Survey Menu, tap • Tap )HDWXUH , choose Continuous by Time and enter a small interval (0.1 min). Before tapping 6WDUW , hot key to the auto line work (Ctrl. L) and add the description for this feature to the line work. This will draw a line in real time as points with this description are collected.
GPS User’s Manual Procedure 1. Create a new job. • Enter 1 as the default starting point name and accept the default start location (5000, 5000, 100). • Creating this job will unload the control file (since it also has a point 1). This is what we want for our new job. 2. Set the base on your one point. • Go to Base Setup and pick point 1. • Choose *(7 to receive an autonomous position from the receiver. • Tap 6(7 . At the projection prompt, tap 6ROYH 1RZ . 3. Solve a One Point Localization.
Trouble Shooting Mapping Plane with GPS and Conventional Measurements Objectives This tutorial job will teach you: • • • • How to use GPS Stake Out. How to calculate combined scale factor for conventional measurements. How to coordinate conventional measurements on the mapping plane. How to use COGO functions with the combined scale factor. Scenario You need to lay out petroleum well site at coordinates specified in a US State Plane map projection zone.
GPS User’s Manual record. You can also key in a custom map projection zone using the .H\ ,Q 3DUDPHWHUV wizard. • Make sure Oregon North is still selected and tap )LQLVK . You are prompted that the conventional survey scale factor is set to 1.0, which is probably not the correct value for this map projection. You can tap 8SGDWH 6FDOH to use the scale calculator to set the conventional scale factor now.
Trouble Shooting • Stake out to Point 101 has now begun. Watch the design location move to the rover location, as you get closer. • Press '21( to accept this staked location and return to the Stake Points screen. 10. Conventional measurements • Tap the instrument icon in the title bar and switch to Conventional Mode. • Go to the Surveying card from the Job, Settings screen. Select Use Scale Factor and Prompt to Reset Scale With New Setups.
GPS User’s Manual 86 • Select a starting point and a direction. • Enter a horizontal distance in the Horz Dist field, tap the corresponding power button, and choose Apply Scale Factor to scale the input distance. Notice how the entered horizontal distance has now been scaled to your mapping plane grid.
Trouble Shooting Trouble Shooting Hardware Configuration o You attempt to auto detect and the program fails to find the baud rate of the receiver. ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ o The port you are connected to may be ‘broken’ or temporarily unavailable. Plug into another port and try again. If you cannot detect the baud from any of the ports, toggle the power on the receiver and try again. If you still cannot connect, do a soft reset of your receiver hardware.
GPS User’s Manual o You attempt to change the radio channel on a radio that supports software breaks and you are still prompted to toggle the power on and off. ¾ The radio baud rate is not set at the correct value for this radio. Make sure the radio baud rate is set correctly and try again. Base Setup o You attempt to get an autonomous position from the base receiver and you get the message: "Not enough satellites for solution. Try again." ¾ ¾ o Check to make sure the antenna is connected.
Trouble Shooting o You set up the rover and the Rx. Light on the rover radio is not blinking. ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ o o Make sure the radio serial cable is connected. Make sure the radio antenna is connected. Make sure the rover radio COM port and baud rate is correct. Make sure the base and rover radios are on the same channel. You set up the rover and the Rx. light is blinking sporadically. ¾ The radio is receiving interfering signals on this channel. Switch the base and rover radios to a different channel.
GPS User’s Manual when you do a check point, the errors are larger than the instrument precision. ¾ ¾ Make sure you did not occupy the wrong control point. Check the Map tab on the Control Points screen to visually inspect the location of control points. The measurements to one or more control points are of poor precision. Check the control point records in the .RAW file and verify the RH and RV values. Taking measurements o o The rover receiver status reports No Data.
References Books: The following books are available from various sources, including the America Congress on Surveying and Mapping: 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda MD, 20814 Phone: (301) 493 0200 Email: books@acsm.net For a basic description of GPS hardware, field procedures, network design, planning observations: o Van Sickle, Jan. GPS for Land Surveyors 1996, Ann Arbor. 300pp.
SURVEY PRO ® for Windows CE GPS Reference Manual 2002 Tripod Data Systems, Inc.
TRIPOD DATA SYSTEMS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT: BY OPENING THE SEALED MEDIA PACKAGE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY ("Agreement"). THIS AGREEMENT CONSTITUTES THE COMPLETE AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND TRIPOD DATA SYSTEMS, INC. ("Licensor").
Table of Contents Job Menu ............................................................................................R-5 Settings ................................................................................... R-6 Receiver Settings....................................................................................R-7 Measure Mode Settings ........................................................................R-8 Projection Settings ....................................................................
Curve and Offset ................................................................. R-82 Spiral and Offset.................................................................. R-82 Show Station and Offset..................................................... R-84 Show Station – Screen Two ................................................................R-84 Store Offset Points............................................................... R-85 Stake DTM............................................................
Job Menu A: Settings B: New C: Open D: Edit Points E: Edit Polylines F: Edit Alignments G: Auto Linework H: Save As I: Import Coordinates J: Export Coordinates K: Job Information L: View Raw Data M: Backup Job N: Collection Mode O: Register Modules P: About Survey Pro Q: Exit Items in gray are covered in the standard Reference Manual.
GPS Reference Manual Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV The Settings screen opens several individual screens that control all hardware and software settings. The screens are provided in an index card format. There are two ways to navigate to the various screens. The first method is to tap the button to drop down the list of available screens and then tap on the desired screen from the list to open it.
Job Menu Receiver Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU The Receiver Settings card is used to select the GPS receiver make and model as well as the mode of differential data collection. Brand: is where you specify the manufacturer of the receiver you are using from a dropdown list. Note: Many dialogs require connection to a receiver to work. To open dialogs without a receiver, set the Brand to Manual Mode and the Model to Manual Entry.
GPS Reference Manual Measure Mode Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 0HDVXUH 0RGH The Measure Mode card is used to configure the RTK data collection settings. Receiver Dynamics: is where you control the receiver dynamics for point occupations. • Static on occupy: On starting a point occupation, receiver is put in static mode where it calculates position assuming no motion and applies advanced averaging techniques for the most precise solution.
Job Menu Note: All receivers need to be in static mode to record Rx. Raw, and some receivers always record Rx. Raw when in static mode. If the combination of settings you select is not compatible for your receiver, you will be prompted to change the settings.. Accept: is where you control the solution quality acceptable for storing measurements. You have two options: • Fixed RTK only: Allows storage of fixed solution only. • Code, Float, or Fix: Allows storage of any differential solution.
GPS Reference Manual Auto Accept: is where you select to use criteria for automatic point acceptance. When checked, both the data and Offset Shots screens will automatically accept points once the measurement is better than the specified criteria. Projection Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 3URMHFWLRQ The Projection Settings card is used to define the projection mode you will use to calculate horizontal and vertical coordinates in your survey.
Job Menu Post Process Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 3RVW 3URFHVV The Post Process card is used to configure the post processing raw data storage settings. Recording Interval: is where you set the period for receiver internal raw data recording. Set it to Off to disable post processing data collection in survey pro and to turn off receiver recording on configuration. RTK Autonomous Points: is where you specify action to take when accepting autonomous points during RTK data collection.
GPS Reference Manual Note: This function only works during post processing data collection using the session screen. For status during simultaneous post processing and RTK data collection, refer to the status screens or the RTK status bar. Receiver Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV« The receiver Settings contains several settings specific to the selected manufacturer and model of receiver. Some of these setting will vary compared to what is displayed here.
Job Menu : opens the Receiver Communications screen, where many of the displayed communications settings can be changed. &KDQJH« Receiver Communication Screen -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU &KDQJH The Receiver Communication card is used to change the settings for communication between the data collector and the receiver. Baud Rate: is where you select the communication baud rate. Note: When you tap 2. , the selected baud rate will only get set in Survey Pro.
GPS Reference Manual : checks the receiver at all allowable baud rates to find the current receiver communication settings. If this function succeeds, Survey Pro is set to communicate at the baud found on the receiver. $XWR 'HWHFW Base Radio Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV« %DVH 5DGLR The Base Radio Settings card is used to view and configure the settings for the radio used with the base receiver. Baud Rate: displays the baud rate the receiver will use to communicate with the radio.
Job Menu Radio Communications Screen -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV %DVH 5DGLR &RQILJXUH 6HULDO -or-RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV 5RYHU 5DGLR &RQILJXUH 6HULDO The Radio Communications screen is used to change the settings for communication between the base or rover receiver and the radio. Baudrate: is where you select the baud rate the receiver will use to communicate with the radio.
GPS Reference Manual Radio Settings Screen -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV %DVH 5DGLR &RQILJXUH 0RGHP -or-RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV 5RYHU 5DGLR &RQILJXUH 0RGHP The Radio Settings screen is used to configure settings of the base or rover radio mode. All settings available are described below. However, not all radios support all of the described settings, so if you do not see one of these fields, it is because the radio type does not support it. Pac Crest Radio Settings screen.
Job Menu Rover Radio Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV« 5RYHU 5DGLR The Rover Radio Settings card is used to view and configure the settings for the radio used with the rover receiver. It is identical to the Base Radio card described on Page R-14. General Settings -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV« *HQHUDO The General Settings card is used to configure additional settings and to select any receiverspecific settings.
GPS Reference Manual RTK Configurations -RE 6HWWLQJV 5HFHLYHU 5HFHLYHU 6HWWLQJV« 57. &RQILJ The RTK Configurations Settings card is used to configure automatic connection when RTK base and rover receivers need to use different COM ports and settings. Auto connect RTK with saved configuration: is where you turn on the automatic connection function. When selected, this feature will switch to the receiver brand and model and set the port settings to the saved configuration.
Survey Menu – RTK The Survey Menu contains the routines used for collecting data. The screens below are available only when running Survey Pro in RTK mode. The screens available when running in Post Processing mode are described in the next section.
GPS Reference Manual GPS Status 6XUYH\ *36 6WDWXV The GPS Status screen contains several index card-format screens providing information about the current GPS solution. Receiver The Receiver card displays information about the receiver mode and GPS solution quality. Mode: displays if the receiver is set to Off, Base, Rover, or Post Processing mode. Memory: displays the amount of memory remaining in the receiver’s internal storage card. Battery: displays the remaining battery charge in the receiver.
Survey Menu – RTK • Code: we are receiving a code differential solution (precision is about 1 to 10 meters). • Float: we are receiving a carrier phase differential solution with float ambiguities (precision is typically within 0.1_m to 0.5_m). • Fixed: we are receiving a carrier phase differential solution with fixed ambiguities (precision is typically within 15_mm for single-frequency receivers and 5_mm for dual-frequency receivers).
GPS Reference Manual consistently greater than one second, check the radio link. Reception: displays the receiver’s estimation of the percent quality of the radio link. Position Quality: (see the Receiver card on Page R-20.) Sky View The Sky View card displays a plot of the satellites tracked and the elevation mask boundary. Note: If the receiver setup has not yet been performed, the elevation mask will not be displayed.
Survey Menu – RTK Position The Position card displays your current position as well as your course and speed information if you are moving. Position: displays your current coordinates. Solution: (see the Receiver card on Page R-20.) Heading: displays your course over ground if you are moving. Speed: displays your horizontal speed over ground if you are moving.
GPS Reference Manual Base Height: displays the current height of the base point set in Survey Pro. Antenna: displays information about the antenna if it is available. : opens the Base Setup wizard where the base position can be set and the receiver configured for RTK and post processing data collection. 6HWXS : (visible only in Manual Entry mode) clears the existing base setup so you edit the point if necessary.
Survey Menu – RTK : opens the final Base Setup screen. The final screen depends on the base point you choose: 1H[W ! • If the base point has existing geodetic coordinates, or if they can be computed from 3D plane coordinates and the latest projection solution, the final screen allows you to SET the receiver with the known position.
GPS Reference Manual Base Point: displays the base point name chosen in the previous screen. Latitude: is where you enter the WGS84 latitude for the base point. Longitude: is where you enter the WGS84 longitude for the base point. Ellipse Height: is where you enter the WGS84 ellipsoid height for the base point. Note: You can enter latitude in dd.mmsssss format with north positive, or you can enter dd mm ss.ssssss N/S. You can enter longitude in ddd.
Survey Menu – RTK Base Receiver Antenna 6XUYH\ %DVH 6HWXS 6HWXS« 6HWXS +5 The Base Receiver Antenna screen is used to define the parameters of the antenna used with the base receiver. Antenna Type: is where you select the model of antenna to use. The options available here depend on the current receiver. Measure To: is where you select method for antenna height measurements. Most antennas have only two choices, measure to bottom of mount, or a visible slant measure mark.
GPS Reference Manual Note: When this screen is used by the RTK rover for updates of antenna height during a survey, the Set button will send the new antenna parameters to the receiver as well as updating Survey Pro's settings. Rover Setup 6XUYH\ 5RYHU 6HWXS The Rover Setup screen is used to configure an RTK rover to begin receiving differential corrections and to start the survey with the base reference position. Rover Status: displays the status of the rover.
Survey Menu – RTK Measured: is where you enter the height of the antenna, measured to the location specified on the Rover Receiver Antenna screen. 6HWXS +5 : opens the Rover Receiver Antenna screen, which is identical to the Base Receiver Antenna screen discussed on Page R-27 where the details of the rover antenna are defined. Note: the antenna information and receiver serial number is stored in the registry.
GPS Reference Manual : opens the Rover Receiver Antenna screen, which is identical to the Base Receiver Antenna screen discussed on Page R-27 where the details of the rover antenna are defined. 6HWXS +5 3URMHFWLRQ : opens the Projection screen (Page R-37). : opens the View Coordinates File screen, where the project points can be examined. 9LHZ 3RLQW 3RVW 3URFHVV : opens the Receiver Session screen, described on Page R-71.
Survey Menu – RTK Check Control Point Screen 6XUYH\ &RQWURO 3RLQWV &KHFN 3RLQW The Check Control Point screen is used to check a control point. This is done when you want to verify the quality of the local projection setup. Coordinates: displays the local coordinates computed using the current measurement and the latest projection solution.
GPS Reference Manual Occupy Control Point Screen 6XUYH\ &RQWURO 3RLQWV &RQWURO 3RLQW The Occupy Control Point screen is used to add geodetic coordinates for a known project point. The most common use of this screen is to measure control points for the localization solution. This screen is also used by the Localization Calculator routine (Page R-51) for one point localization setup. Geodetic Coordinates: displays the geodetic coordinates measured to the current control point.
Survey Menu – RTK Data Collection 6XUYH\ 'DWD &ROOHFWLRQ The Data Collection screen is used to collect new points for the current job. GPS Status: displays the current solution type, the radio reception quality, the number of satellites used and the horizontal precision computed by the receiver. When this area is tapped, the GPS Status screen (Page R-20) will open. Point: is where you enter the point name for the next point to be stored.
GPS Reference Manual Feature Collection Screen 6XUYH\ 'DWD &ROOHFWLRQ )HDWXUH The Feature Collection screen is used to partially automate the process of data collection. It is useful when collecting data for groups of points that describe the same feature. Note: If you hotkey to another screen while using the Feature Collection routine, the Feature Collection screen will be suspended until you return to it.
Survey Menu – RTK Interval: is where you enter the interval criteria used for continuous collection modes. The Interval field is not available if either of the manual methods is selected. Update Rate: is where you set the receiver to One Hz or Five Hz mode. When Five Hz is selected, the receiver will compute positions five times a second so the display will update in near real time and measurement latency will be minimized. : opens the Occupy Data Points screen (Page R-36), where data can be collected.
GPS Reference Manual Slope Dist / Horizontal Dist: is where you enter the slope distance or horizontal distance from the occupied point to the offset point. 6KRRW /DVHU : triggers the selected conventional instrument (laser range finder) to take a shot to the offset. The measurements available from the conventional instrument will return to the distance and zenith angle fields, and if available, the azimuth (horizontal angle). 2FFXS\ *36 : is used to occupy the GPS reference point.
Survey Menu – RTK : returns you to the previous screen, and depending on which screen was used to open the Occupy Data Points screen, will usually store the new point. $FFHSW : stops the epoch counter and opens the GPS Status screen (Page R-20). *36 6WDWXV Projection Screen 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ The Projection screen is used to select and solve the horizontal and vertical projections.
GPS Reference Manual Mapping Plane 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ +RUL]RQWDO The Horizontal tab of the Projection screen is explained below for when the horizontal projection type is set to Mapping Plane. Status Line: The lines of text on the top of the screen display the status of the horizontal projection solution. Status will be: • No zone selected: No map projection zone or localized site is set. • Projection zone selected. A map projection from the database is set.
Survey Menu – RTK : opens the Solve Localization screen, where the control points can be selected and the horizontal and vertical localization are solved. 6ROYH /RFDOL]DWLRQ« Note: The Solve Localization screen will do any combination of horizontal and vertical solution when launched from either the horizontal or vertical card. Using the Solve Localization screen to calculate a mapping plane zone localization is very similar to computing a Ground- TDS Localization solution.
GPS Reference Manual 'HOHWH deletes the currently selected site or zone. Note: Delete cannot be undone. Also, you cannot delete system database records. If you select a protected record, you will be prompted that the record cannot be deleted. )LQLVK accepts the currently selected zone, sets the projection record and writes the raw data. Projection Key In Setup 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ +RUL]RQWDO 6HOHFW =RQH .
Survey Menu – RTK Grid and Azimuth Parameters: is where you select the grid azimuth and the positive coordinate direction. • North Azimuth: is where you set a north azimuth for your new zone. • South Azimuth: is where you set a south azimuth for your new zone. • North/East Grid: is where you set the coordinates increasing positive in the north, east direction • South/West Grid: is where you set the coordinates increasing positive in the south, west direction.
GPS Reference Manual Projection Key In Setup - Oblique Mercator This page is only displayed when the Zone type is set to Oblique Mercator Angle. Azimuth At: is where you enter the convention for projection azimuth. Your choices are: • Equator: • Center of Projection: Origin At: is where you enter the convention for projection azimuth. • Equator: • Center of Projection: Projection Key In Setup - Ellipse The following screen is only displayed when Datum type is Molodensky or Similarity.
Survey Menu – RTK Values: is where you enter the values for the custom ellipse if you are not using Ellipse from List: Ellipse a: is where you enter the semi major axis of the new ellipsoid. Other Parm: is where you select the other ellipse parameter to enter. You can use one of: Semi minor axis; Flattening; Reciprocal flattening; First eccentricity; First eccentricity squared; Second eccentricity; Second eccentricity squared.
GPS Reference Manual Projection Key In Setup - Datum from Data Base The following screen is only displayed when Datum type is Pick from Data Base. Datum: is where you select the data base datum to use for the new zone. Projection Key In Setup - Zone Parameters The final screen of the Projection Key In Setup wizard displays the parameters of the user input zone.
Survey Menu – RTK Ground - TDS Localization The Horizontal tab of the Projection screen is explained below for when the horizontal projection type is set to Ground - TDS Localization Status Line: The lines of text on the top of the screen display the status of the horizontal projection solution. If the localization is solved, the name of the site will be displayed. Status of the solution will be one of: • • Localization not Initialized: No default reference stereographic projection has been setup.
GPS Reference Manual Localization Projection Setup 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ +RUL]RQWDO 3URMHFWLRQ 6HWXS The Localization Projection Setup screen is used to manually configure the parameters of the localization reference stereographic projection. Zone / Site Name: displays the name of the current initialized localization zone or the solved localization site. Setup Group: is where you enter the set up group of the reference stereographic mapping plane.
Survey Menu – RTK Localization Data Base 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ +RUL]RQWDO 3URMHFWLRQ 6HWXS 3LFN IURP 'DWDEDVH The Localization Data Base screen is used to pick a localization reference stereographic map projection zone or a solve localization site from the database. Data Base: is where you select which records to choose. You can: • View Zones, which will display controls to pick a localization reference stereographic map projection zone.
GPS Reference Manual Solve Localization The user interfaces for mapping plane calibration and TDS Localization are mostly identical. TDS Localization is simply a calibration with a default map projection, initialized for ground measurements, instead of a user selected map projection. This section explains how to solve a horizontal and vertical adjustment in either Mapping Plane or Ground - TDS Localization mode.
Survey Menu – RTK Fix scale to 1.0: Check the Solve Rotation Only control to constrain the least squares solution to a scale of 1.0. Do this when you want to orient your GPS to an existing grid but you want to hold the scale of the GPS measurements. Solution | Solve H: Check Solve H to use the selected control points in a least squares solution or to use the horizontal values from the manual entry card.
GPS Reference Manual A point list of all control points is displayed along with the residual or misclosure for each point (depending on least squares solution or unique solution). You can change the points used in the solution and re-solve on this page to display the new residuals. 6ROYH! : is displayed when the point list has changed. Tapping solve will recalculate the parameters and display new residuals or misclosures for the control point list. 1H[W! : advances the wizard the results screen.
Survey Menu – RTK Vertical Card The Vertical card is used to manually enter the five parameters of the vertical localization solution. Slope N: is where you enter the slope of the inclined plane along the local north grid axis in parts per million. Slope E: is where you enter the slope of the inclined plane along the local east grid axis in parts per million. Separation: is where you enter the separation between the inclined plane and the local elevation.
GPS Reference Manual : opens the Localization Calculator screen where the horizontal scale factor is explained. &DOF 6FDOH Rotation: is where you enter the rotation angle used to transform the orientation of the localization mapping plane to your grid orientation of your project. &DOF 5RWDWLRQ : opens the Localization Calculator screen where the rotation can set parallel to a mapping plane selected from the database. Base Station Local Coordinate: are the local plane coordinates of the base.
Survey Menu – RTK Localization Calculator – Rotation 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ +RUL]RQWDO 6ROYH /RFDOL]DWLRQ &DOF 5RWDWLRQ In order to compute the localization rotation, you need a known geodetic coordinate system for reference. Use this function to set the localization coordinate system parallel to a selected mapping plane Note: Survey Pro versions prior to 3.5 allowed users to calculate rotation using either a known mapping plane, or relative to the first base setup.
GPS Reference Manual Solve Localization – Results 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ 0DQXDO (QWU\ ! or +RUL]RQWDO 6ROYH /RFDOL]DWLRQ 6ROYH ! or &DOFXODWRU ! Horizontal Card The Horizontal card shows results of the horizontal localization solution. Status: displays the status of the current horizontal solution. This will be one of the following: • Control points solution: is displayed when the parameters were calculated from the selected control points.
Survey Menu – RTK Vertical Card The Vertical card shows results of the vertical localization solution. Status: displays the status of the current vertical solution. This will be one of the following: • Control points solution: is displayed when the parameters were calculated from the selected control points. • Current vertical site: is displayed when there is a vertical solution and Solve V was not selected on this pass.
GPS Reference Manual Vertical Card 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ 9HUWLFDO The Vertical card displays information about the currently selected horizontal projection method. If the selected projection method has not yet been set up, many of the fields in this screen will be blank. The buttons on the Vertical card will vary depending on the type of horizontal projection selected. This is set using the Projection Settings screen (Page R-10).
Survey Menu – RTK : opens the Geoid Model Setup screen, where you can select a geoid to use with the current zone, change the geoid file of the selected geoid, or remove the geoid model from the zone. 6HOHFW *HRLG« : opens the Solve Localization wizard, where the control points can be selected and the horizontal and vertical localization are solved.
GPS Reference Manual Ellipsoid Height The Vertical tab of the Projection screen is explained below for when the vertical projection type is set to Ellipsoidal Heights. The unaltered ellipsoid heights measured by the receiver will be used for elevations.
Survey Menu – RTK Receiver Recording 6XUYH\ 5HFHLYHU 5HFRUGLQJ The Receiver Recording screen is used to start or stop the receiver recording. When in RTK mode, it allows you to stop the recording of the base or rover RTK receiver. 6WDUW 5HFRUGLQJ : Opens a file on the receiver’s internal memory and begins recording GPS raw data for post processing.
GPS Reference Manual title of this field changes depending on if the antenna has already been setup. Measured: is where you enter the height of the antenna, measured to the location specified on the Post Processing Antenna screen. : opens the Post Processing Antenna screen (Page R-27) where the details of the base antenna are defined. 6HWXS +5 Receiver Information 6XUYH\ 5HFHLYHU ,QIR The Receiver Information screen is used to display the serial number and firmware version of the current receiver.
Survey Menu – RTK Readjust Points 6XUYH\ 5HDGMXVW 3RLQWV The Readjust Points screen is used to readjust selected points with the latest projection settings. The horizontal and vertical coordinates can be adjusted independently. 7DS 3RLQWV« : opens a map view where you can select points by tapping them on the screen. 7R )URP« : opens the Select Point(s) screen where you can select points by specifying a point range.
GPS Reference Manual Readjust Points: Plane to Geodetic – Screen Two Points Selected: displays the number of points selected. : calculates the difference between the plane coordinate and the plane coordinate solved with the latest projection for each selected point. Opens the final screen to display the results. &KHFN ! : calculates the plane coordinate with the latest projection for each selected point and updates the point records. Opens the final screen to display the results.
Survey Menu – RTK Readjust Points – Recalculate Results Displays the number of points that were adjusted and if any points were not adjusted, a brief explanation is given. Projection Calculator 6XUYH\ 3URMHFWLRQ &DOF The Projection Calculator is used to calculate scale factor or convergence (rotation) for any point on the selected mapping plane. , Past You can use the computed values for calculations from the Results power button option. Projection: displays the current mapping plane settings.
GPS Reference Manual Projection Calculator – Rotation Convergence: displays the computed rotation from geodetic north to grid north. Rotation: displays the computed rotation from grid north to geodetic north. %DFN : returns you to the first Projection Calculator screen. $FFHSW : copies the two computed values to past results and returns you to the Main Menu. Projection Calculator – Scale – Height Correction Ellipsoid Height: is where you enter the WGS84 ellipsoid height for your current location.
Survey Menu – RTK Projection Calculator – Scale Mapping Plane Scale Factor: displays the computed mapping plane scale factor on the selected mapping plane at the reference point. Ellipsoid Scale Factor: displays the computed ellipsoid scale factor at the reference point. Combined Scale Factor: displays the Mapping Plane Scale Factor multiplied by the Ellipsoid Scale Factor. This is the ground to grid scale factor. Inverse Combined Factor: displays the inverse of the Combined Scale Factor.
Survey Menu – Post Processing The Survey Menu contains the routines used for collecting data. The screens below are available only when running Survey Pro in Post Processing mode. A: GPS Status B: Start Static Rx. C: Start Stop/Go Rx.
GPS Reference Manual GPS Status 6XUYH\ *36 6WDWXV The GPS Status screen contains most of the same index card-format screens as the RTK Status case. When in Post Processing mode, the Post Process card replaces the Data Link card. Post Process The Post Process card displays information about data recording on the receiver and information about the session in progress. Note: Some GPS receivers monitor post processing session status while others simply record event markers in the raw data file.
Survey Menu – Post Processing Remaining: displays the time remaining in the current session if a session is in progress. If your receiver does not monitor sessions, the Remaining field is not displayed. Free Memory: displays the amount of memory remaining in the receiver internal storage card. HDOP: displays the Horizontal Dilution of Precision. It is a measure of the geometrical quality of the solution. DOP has no units and lower numbers indicate better solution geometry.
GPS Reference Manual Rec Interval: the recording interval set on the Post Process card of the Job, Settings screen (page R- 11). Mem. Threshold: displays the memory threshold set on the Post Process card of the Job, Settings screen. SV Threshold: the satellite threshold set on the Post Process card of the Job, Settings screen. HDOP Threshold: displays the HDOP threshold set on the Post Process card of the Job, Settings screen.
Survey Menu – Post Processing screen, which is described on Page R-69, except that the user is not automatically taken to the session page after starting recording. Data Collection 6XUYH\ 'DWD &ROOHFWLRQ The Data Collection menu opens the Receiver Session screen. The Receiver Session screen is also opened after receiver recording is started or from other locations if you are doing simultaneous RTK and post processing data collection.
GPS Reference Manual RTK data collection. If you are storing this point in the receiver file only, then the point control is replaced with a simple edit box titled Site ID. You can pick an existing point name when storing to the receiver only. Description: is where you enter the description for the next static session or stop and go point. Log Until Stop: is where you select to use a Duration or to record until 6WRS is tapped. Duration: is where you enter the session length for the next occupation.
Stakeout Menu The Stakeout Menu contains the routines used to stake existing points and other known locations. A: Stake Points B: Polyline Points C: Stake to Line D: Offset Staking E: Slope Staking F: Line and Offset G: Curve and Offset H: Spiral and Offset I: Show Station J: Store Offset Points K: Stake DTM L: Where is Next Point Items shown in gray all utilize the GPS Staking screen described in the Stake Points section and are otherwise identical to the conventional routines.
GPS Reference Manual Stake Points 6WDNHRXW 6WDNH 3RLQWV The Stake Points screen in used to locate and stake out points in the field from coordinates in the job file. The first two screens of this routine are similar to the conventional method, except that the %DFNVLJKW button is replaced with a 6HWXS +5 button to configure rover antenna and the backsight information is replaced with rover antenna height information. See the conventional Reference Manual for details.
Stakeout Menu Rover is greater than 3 m (10 ft) from the design point. Rover is between 0.3 and 3 m (1 and 10 ft), from the design point. Rover is within 0.3 m (1 ft) of the design point. Go EAST / WEST: displays the distance the rover must move in an east or west direction to reach the design point. CUT / FILL: displays the required cut or fill between the current elevation and the design point. 5 Hz Mode: switches the receiver from One Hz to Five Hz mode.
GPS Reference Manual Note: When Store GPS Raw Data on the Job/ Settings/ Measure Mode card (Page R-8) is set to + Rx. Raw (and / or +OBN for Ashtech) switching from ROVING to OCCUPYING will start a session in the receiver, so you will be prompted for a point name and description. The receiver session will be completed and the measurement stored when you tap 'RQH . The occupation is not stored in the Survey Pro .RAW file if you toggle back to ROVING.
Stakeout Menu Stake to Line – Screen Two The second screen is where measurements take place and the staking directions are displayed. The graphic and display direct you to points on line via the shortest route, a perpendicular offset from the rover to the line. The graphic display will change depending on how close you are to the specified line. The chart below illustrates each screen type. Rover is greater than 3 m (10 ft) from the line. Rover is between 0.3 and 3 m (1 and 10 ft) from the line.
GPS Reference Manual 5 Hz Mode: switches the receiver from one Hz to five Hz mode. When this box is checked, the receiver will compute positions five times a second so the display will update in near real time while you are roving to the point. Note: When you switch from ROVING to OCCUPYING, the receiver will be put back in one Hz mode for maximum precision while staking the point. 2&&83<,1* / 529,1* : switches from ROVING to OCCUPYING mode.
Stakeout Menu : prompts you for a point name and description and stores a point for the current location. 6WRUH Note: When Store GPS Raw Data on the Job/ Settings/ Measure Mode card (Page R-8) is set to + BL,CV and/or + Rx. Raw tapping 6WRUH without first switching from ROVING to OCCUPYING will store the point in Survey Pro only; no base line measurement or receiver session will take place.
GPS Reference Manual Although the graphic portion of the screen is continuously updated, the numeric values are not updated until the 6KRW button is tapped. The correct procedure for slope staking in GPS mode is to use the graphic portion of the screen to locate the catch point as closely as possible and press 6KRW . Once the position is satisfactory, you can determine if the rover needs to be moved again.
Stakeout Menu Note: The Vertical Map will show an X at the location of each previous shot. This can be useful in determining if the current terrain will never intersect the slope (no catch point). • • + 0DS 1 ( = : displays an overhead view of the job. : displays the coordinates computed from the last shot. 2FFXS\« : switches the receiver dynamics to static (depending on settings) and opens the Occupy Data Points screen (Page R-36) where data can be collected for the current point.
GPS Reference Manual VD to HP: is the vertical distance from the rod to the hinge point. HD to CL: is the horizontal distance from the rod to the centerline. VD to CL: is the vertical distance from the rod to the centerline.
Stakeout Menu backsight information is replaced with rover antenna height information. See the conventional Reference Manual for details.
GPS Reference Manual Show Station and Offset 6WDNHRXW 6KRZ 6WDWLRQ The Show Station and Offset routine allows you to position the rover anywhere near a polyline, a range of points that define a line, or an alignment to see where the rod is located in relation to the selected line.
Stakeout Menu Note: When Store GPS Raw Data on the Job/ Settings/ Measure Mode card (Page R-8) is set to + Rx. Raw (and / or +OBN for Ashtech) switching from ROVING to OCCUPYING will start a session in the receiver, so you will be prompted for a point name and description. The receiver session will be completed and the measurement stored when you tap 6WRUH . The occupation is not stored in the Survey Pro .RAW file if you toggle back to ROVING.
GPS Reference Manual Stake DTM 6WDNHRXW 6WDNH '70 The Stake DTM routine allows you to stake an area and get cut / fill and volume information based on a reference DTM or specified elevation datum. The first screen of this routine is similar to the conventional method, except that the %DFNVLJKW button is replaced with a 6HWXS +5 button to configure rover antenna and the backsight information is replaced with rover antenna height information. See the conventional reference manual for details.
Stakeout Menu Note: When Store GPS Raw Data on the Job/ Settings/ Measure Mode card (Page R-8) is set to + Rx. Raw (and / or +OBN for Ashtech) switching from ROVING to OCCUPYING will start a session in the receiver, so you will be prompted for a point name and description. The receiver session will be completed and the measurement stored when you tap 6WRUH . The occupation is not stored in the Survey Pro .RAW file if you toggle back to ROVING.
GPS Reference Manual C.L.: shows the current station and offset information for the rover location relative to the selected centerline. The type of line segment in the polyline at the current station is also displayed. (This card is only available if the With C.L. checkbox was checked in the previous screen.) Note: Tapping anywhere within the map view will open a larger map view, which provides zoom controls.
Stakeout Menu Inverse Menu All of the routines available from the Inverse Menu are identical to those explained in the conventional Reference Manual. Cogo Menu All of the routines available from the Cogo Menu are identical to those explained in the conventional Reference Manual. Curve Menu All of the routines available from the Curve Menu are identical to those explained in the conventional Reference Manual.
Index A adjust horizontal / vertical62, 63 antenna height...............R-70 ASCII............................69, 70 auto detect..........................29 B base receiver antenna ...R-27 base receiver session .....R-71 base receiver setup ........R-69 base setup ......................R-23 get and set......................R-25 pick base point ...............R-24 baselines.............................51 baud rate ............................87 Bluetooth............................
HARN ...................................5 horizontal datums................4 HARN ...................................5 NAD27..................................4 NAD83..................................4 WGS84..................................4 WGS84(1996.0) ....................4 horizontal projection23, R-37, R-56 I international datums ..........6 J JOB file.........................69, 70 L Lambert Conformal Conic.11 lat, lng, ht.............................8 localization ...................
Index general card ...................R-17 receiver card...................R-12 rover radio card .............R-17 RTK config card .............R-18 rotation.........................47, 48 rover receiver antenna ..R-29 rover receiver setup.......R-70 rover setup .....................R-28 RTK ..........................20, R-19 S scale ....................................48 scale factor ...................10, 12 calculator............................61 ellipsoid ..............................
