User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- S Series Ultrasound System User Guide
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Getting Started
- Chapter 2: System Setup
- Chapter 3: Imaging
- Chapter 4: Measurements
- Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Chapter 6: Safety
- Ergonomic safety
- Electrical safety classification
- Electrical safety
- Equipment safety
- Battery safety
- Clinical safety
- Electromagnetic compatibility
- ALARA principle
- Acoustic artifacts
- Guidelines for reducing MI and TI
- Output display
- Transducer surface temperature rise
- Acoustic output measurement
- Acoustic output tables
- Labeling symbols
- Chapter 7: Specifications
- Glossary
- Index
Chapter 6: Safety 71
Safety
•Computedestimatesofupperlimitstotemperatureelevationsduringtransabdominalscans
wereobtainedinasurveyof1988and 1990pulsedDopplerequipment. Thevastmajorityof
modelsyieldedupperlimitslessthan1°and4°C(1.8°and7.2°F)forexposuresof
first‐trimesterfetaltissueandsecond‐trimesterfetalbone,
respectively.Thelargestvalues
obtainedwereapproximately1.5°C(2.7°F)forfirst‐trimesterfetaltissueand7°C(12.6°F)for
second‐trimesterfetalbone.Estimatedmaximumtemperatureelevationsgivenherearefor
a“fixedpath”tissuemodelandarefordeviceshavingI
SPTA
valuesgreaterthan500 mW/
cm
2
.Thetemperatureelevationsforfetalboneandtissuewerecomputedbasedon
calculationproceduresgiveninSections4.3.2.1‐4.3.2.6in“BioeffectsandSafetyofDiagnostic
Ultrasound”(AIUM,1993).
Acoustic output tables
Table 8throughTable 13indicatetheacousticoutputforthe systemandtransducer
combinationswithathermalindexormechanicalindexequaltoorgreaterthanone.These
tablesareorganizedby transducermodelandimagingmode.Foradefinitionoftermsusedin
thetables,see“Termsusedintheacoustic
outputtables”onpage 78.