User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- M-Turbo Ultrasound System User Guide
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Getting Started
- Chapter 2: System Setup
- Displaying the setup pages
- Restoring default settings
- A & B Key, Footswitch setup
- Administration setup
- Annotations setup
- Audio, Battery setup
- Cardiac Calculations setup
- Connectivity setup
- Date and Time setup
- Display Information setup
- IMT Calculations setup
- Network Status setup
- OB Calculations setup
- OB Custom Measurements setup
- OB Custom Tables setup
- Presets setup
- System Information setup
- USB Devices setup
- Chapter 3: Imaging
- Chapter 4: Measurements and Calculations
- Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Chapter 6: Safety
- Ergonomic safety
- Electrical safety classification
- Electrical safety
- Equipment safety
- Battery safety
- Clinical safety
- Hazardous materials
- Electromagnetic compatibility
- ALARA principle
- Acoustic artifacts
- Guidelines for reducing MI and TI
- Output display
- Transducer surface temperature rise
- Acoustic output measurement
- Acoustic output tables
- Labeling symbols
- Chapter 7: References
- Chapter 8: Specifications
- Glossary
- Index
150 Measurement publications and terminology
Hip Angle/d:D Ratio
Graf,R.“FundamentalsofSonographic
DiagnosisofInfantHipDysplasia.”Journalof
PediatricOrthopedics,Vol.4,No.6:735‐740,1984.
Morin,C.,Harcke,H.,MacEwen,G.“TheInfant
Hip:Real‐TimeUSAssessmentofAcetabular
Development.”Radiology177:67 3‐677,December
1985.
Intima Media Thickness (IMT)
HowardG,SharrettAR,HeissG,EvansGW,
ChamblessLE,RileyWA,etal.“CarotidArtery
Intima‐MedialThicknessDistributioninGeneral
PopulationsAsEvaluatedbyB‐Mode
Ultrasound.”ARICInvestigators.
AtherosclerosisRiskinCommunities.Stroke.
(1993),24:1297‐1304.
O’Leary,DanielH.,MDandPolak,Joseph,F.,
MD,etal.“Use
ofSonographytoEvaluate
CarotidAtherosclerosisintheElderly.The
CardiovascularHealthStudy.”Stroke.(September
1991),22,1155‐1163.
Redberg,RitaF.,MDandVogel,RobertA.,MD,
etal.“Taskforce #3—WhatistheSpectrumof
CurrentandEmergingTechniquesforthe
NoninvasiveMeasurementofAtherosclerosis?”
JournaloftheAmerican
CollegeofCardiology.(June
4,2003),41:11,1886‐1898.
Percent Area Reduction
TaylorK.J.W.,P. N . Burns,P. Breslau.Clinical
ApplicationsofDopplerUltrasound,RavenPress,
N.Y.,(1988),130‐136.
ZwiebelW.J.,J.A.Zagzebski,A.B.Crummy,etal.
“CorrelationofpeakDopplerfrequencywith
lumennarrowingincarotidstenosis.”Stroke,3:
(1982),386‐391.
%AreaReduction=(1‐A2(cm
2
)/A1(cm
2
))*100
where: A1=originalareaofthevesselin
squarecm
A2=reducedareaofthevesselin
squarecm
Percent Diameter Reduction
Handa,Nobuoetal.,“Echo‐DopplerVelocimeter
intheDiagnosisofHypertensivePatients:The
RenalArteryDopplerTechnique,”Ultrasoundin
MedicineandBiology,12:12(1986),945‐952.
%DiameterReduction=(1‐D2(cm)/D1(cm))*
100
where: D1=originaldiameterofthevessel
incm
D2=reduceddiameterofthevessel
in
cm
Pressure Gradient (PGr) in mmHG
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
2nded.,Lippincott,Williams,andWilkins,
(1999),64.
4*(Velocity)
2
PeakEPressureGradient(E PG)
EPG=4*PE
2
PeakAPressureGradient(A PG)
APG=4*PA2
PeakPressureGradient(PGmax)
PGmax=4*PV2
MeanPressureGradient(PGmean)
PGmean=4*Vmax
2
Pulsatility Index (PI)
Kurtz,A.B.,W.D.Middleton.Ultrasound‐the
Requisites.MosbyYearBook,Inc.,(1996),469.
PI=(PSV–EDV)/V
where PSV=peaksystolicvelocity
EDV=enddiastolicvelocity
V=meanflowvelocitythroughout
theentirecardiaccycle
Resistive Index (RI)
Kurtz,A.B.,W.D.Middleton.Ultrasound‐the
Requisites.MosbyYearBook,Inc.,(1996),467.