User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- M-Turbo Ultrasound System User Guide
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Getting Started
- Chapter 2: System Setup
- Displaying the setup pages
- Restoring default settings
- A & B Key, Footswitch setup
- Administration setup
- Annotations setup
- Audio, Battery setup
- Cardiac Calculations setup
- Connectivity setup
- Date and Time setup
- Display Information setup
- IMT Calculations setup
- Network Status setup
- OB Calculations setup
- OB Custom Measurements setup
- OB Custom Tables setup
- Presets setup
- System Information setup
- USB Devices setup
- Chapter 3: Imaging
- Chapter 4: Measurements and Calculations
- Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Chapter 6: Safety
- Ergonomic safety
- Electrical safety classification
- Electrical safety
- Equipment safety
- Battery safety
- Clinical safety
- Hazardous materials
- Electromagnetic compatibility
- ALARA principle
- Acoustic artifacts
- Guidelines for reducing MI and TI
- Output display
- Transducer surface temperature rise
- Acoustic output measurement
- Acoustic output tables
- Labeling symbols
- Chapter 7: References
- Chapter 8: Specifications
- Glossary
- Index
144 Measurement publications and terminology
Mitral Valve Area (MVA) in cm
2
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),391,452.
MVA=220/PHT
where: PHT=pressurehalftime
Note: 220isanempiricalderivedconstantandmay
notaccuratelypredictmitralvalveareainmitral
prostheticheartvalves.Themitralvalvearea
continuityequationmay
beutilizedinmitral
prostheticheartvalvestopredicteffectiveorificearea.
MV Flow Rate in cc/sec
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),396.
Flow=6.28(r
2
)*Va
where: r=radius
Va=aliasingVelocity
Pressure Gradient (PGr) in mmHG
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
2nded.,Lippincott,Williams,andWilkins,
(1999),64.
PGr=4*(Velocity)
2
PeakEPressureGradient(E PG)
EPG=4*PE
2
PeakAPressureGradient(A PG)
APG=4*PA
2
PeakPressureGradient(PGmax)
PGmax=4*PV
2
MeanPressureGradient(PGmean)
PGmean=Averageofpressure
gradients/Durationofflow
Pressure Half Time (PHT) in msec
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),391.
PHT=DT*0.29
where: DT=decelerationtime
Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) in
cm
2
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
2nded.,Boston:Little,BrownandCompany,
(1999),125.
PISA=2r
2
where: 2 =6.28
r=aliasingradius
Qp/Qs
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),400.
Qp/Qs=SVQpsite/SVQssite
SVsiteswillvarydependinguponthelocationof
theshunt.
Regurgitant Fraction (RF) in percent
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
Boston:Little,BrownandCompany,(1999),125.
RF=RV/MVSV
where: RV=RegurgitantVolume
MVSV=MitralStrokeVolume
Regurgitant Volume (RV) in cc
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,Arizona
HeartInstitute,(2000),396,455.
RV=ERO*MRVTI
π
π