User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- M-Turbo Ultrasound System User Guide
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Getting Started
- Chapter 2: System Setup
- Displaying the setup pages
- Restoring default settings
- A & B Key, Footswitch setup
- Administration setup
- Annotations setup
- Audio, Battery setup
- Cardiac Calculations setup
- Connectivity setup
- Date and Time setup
- Display Information setup
- IMT Calculations setup
- Network Status setup
- OB Calculations setup
- OB Custom Measurements setup
- OB Custom Tables setup
- Presets setup
- System Information setup
- USB Devices setup
- Chapter 3: Imaging
- Chapter 4: Measurements and Calculations
- Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Chapter 6: Safety
- Ergonomic safety
- Electrical safety classification
- Electrical safety
- Equipment safety
- Battery safety
- Clinical safety
- Hazardous materials
- Electromagnetic compatibility
- ALARA principle
- Acoustic artifacts
- Guidelines for reducing MI and TI
- Output display
- Transducer surface temperature rise
- Acoustic output measurement
- Acoustic output tables
- Labeling symbols
- Chapter 7: References
- Chapter 8: Specifications
- Glossary
- Index
Chapter 7: References 141
References
floating‐pointversusinteger‐typemath,whichis
subjecttoerrorsintroducedbyroundingversus
truncatingresultsfordisplayofagivenlevelof
significantdigitinthecalculation.
Measurement publications
and terminology
Thefollowingsectionslistthepublicationsand
terminologyusedforeachcalculationresult.
Terminologyandmeasurementscomplywith
AIUMpublishedstandards.
Cardiac references
Acceleration (ACC) in cm/s
2
Zwiebel,W.J.IntroductiontoVascular
Ultrasonography.4thed.,W.B.Saunders
Company,(2000),52.
ACC=abs(deltavelocity/deltatime)
Acceleration Time (AT) in msec
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
2nded.,Lippincott,Williams,andWilkins,
(1999),219.
Aortic Valve Area (AVA) by Continuity
Equation in cm
2
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),393,442.
A
2
=A
1
*V
1
/V
2
where: A
2
=Aovalvearea
A
1
=LVOTarea;V
1
=LVOTvelocity;
V
2
=Aovalvevelocity
LVOT=LeftVentricularOutflow
Tract
AVA(PV
LVOT
/PV
AO
)*CSA
LVOT
AVA(VTI
LVOT
/VTI
AO
)*CSA
LVOT
Body Surface Area (BSA) in m
2
Grossman,W.CardiacCatheterizationand
Angiography.Philadelphia:LeaandFebiger,
(1980),90.
BSA=0.007184*Weight
0.425
*Height
0.725
Weight=kilograms
Height=centimeters
Cardiac Index (CI) in l/min/m
2
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.Tajik.TheEchoManual.
2ndEdition,Boston:Little,BrownandCompany,
(1999),59.
CI=CO/BSA
where: CO=CardiacOutput
BSA=BodySurfaceArea
Cardiac Output (CO) in l/min
Oh,J.K.,J.B.Seward,A.J.TajikTheEchoManual.
2nded.,Lippincott,Williams,andWilkins,
(1999),59.
CO=(SV*HR)/1000
where: CO=CardiacOutput
SV=StrokeVolume
HR=HeartRate
Cross Sectional Area (CSA) in cm
2
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),383.
CSA=0.785*D
2
where: D=diameteroftheanatomyof
interest
Deceleration Time in msec
Reynolds,Terry.TheEchocardiographer’sPocket
Reference.2nded.,SchoolofCardiacUltrasound,
ArizonaHeartInstitute,(2000),453.
|timea‐timeb|