User's Manual
Table Of Contents
- M-Turbo Ultrasound System User Guide
- Contents
- Introduction
- Chapter 1: Getting Started
- Chapter 2: System Setup
- Displaying the setup pages
- Restoring default settings
- A & B Key, Footswitch setup
- Administration setup
- Annotations setup
- Audio, Battery setup
- Cardiac Calculations setup
- Connectivity setup
- Date and Time setup
- Display Information setup
- IMT Calculations setup
- Network Status setup
- OB Calculations setup
- OB Custom Measurements setup
- OB Custom Tables setup
- Presets setup
- System Information setup
- USB Devices setup
- Chapter 3: Imaging
- Chapter 4: Measurements and Calculations
- Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance
- Chapter 6: Safety
- Ergonomic safety
- Electrical safety classification
- Electrical safety
- Equipment safety
- Battery safety
- Clinical safety
- Hazardous materials
- Electromagnetic compatibility
- ALARA principle
- Acoustic artifacts
- Guidelines for reducing MI and TI
- Output display
- Transducer surface temperature rise
- Acoustic output measurement
- Acoustic output tables
- Labeling symbols
- Chapter 7: References
- Chapter 8: Specifications
- Glossary
- Index
Chapter 6: Safety 105
Safety
Acoustic output measurement
Sincetheinitialuseofdiagnosticultrasound,thepossiblehumanbiologicaleffects(bioeffects)
fromultrasoundexposurehavebeenstudiedbyvariousscientificandmedicalinstitutions.In
October1987,theAmericanInstituteofUltrasoundinMedicine(AIUM)ratifiedareportfrom
itsBioeffectsCommittee(BioeffectsConsiderationsfortheSafetyofDiagnosticUltrasound,
J
UltrasoundMed.,Sept.1988:Vol.7,No.9Supplement).Thereport,sometimesreferredtoas
theStoweReport,reviewedavailabledataonpossibleeffectsofultrasoundexposure.Another
report,“BioeffectsandSafetyofDiagnosticUltrasound,”datedJanuary28,1993,provides
morecurrentinformation.
Theacousticoutputforthisultrasound
systemhasbeenmeasuredandcalculatedin
accordancewith“A c o u s t i c OutputMeasurementStandardforDiagnosticUltrasound
Equipment”(NEMAUD2‐2004),and“StandardforReal‐TimeDisplayofThermaland
MechanicalAcousticOutputIndicesonDiagnosticUltrasoundEquipment”(NEMA
UDe3‐2004).
In Situ, derated, and water value intensities
Allintensityparametersaremeasuredinwater.Sincewaterdoesnotabsorbacousticenergy,
thesewatermeasurementsrepresentaworstcasevalue.Biologicaltissuedoesabsorbacoustic
energy.Thetruevalueoftheintensityatanypointdependsontheamount,typeoftissue,and
thefrequencyoftheultrasoundpassing
throughthetissue.Theintensityvalueinthetissue,
In Situ,hasbeenestimatedbyusingthefollowingformula:
In Situ=Water[e
‐(0.23alf)
]
where:
In Situ=In Situintensityvalue
Water=Waterintensityvalue
e=2.7183
a=attenuationfactor(dB/cm MHz)
Table 7: Transducer Surface Temperature Rise, Internal Use (°C )
Test ICTx SLAx TEEx
Still air 9.2 9.5 9.3
Simulated
Use
5.2 4.8 5.8