Micro Chip AN 1 953 Introduction to USB Type-C™ Author: Andrew Rogers Microchip Technology inc. INTRODUCTION The USE-IF has secured the ubiquitous nature of USB for years fo come with the radically updated USB Typs-C™ connector. While the sleek new reversible form factor has been significant for generating buzz and excitement from the general consumer market, the significantly expanded feature-set is what will eventually transform the desktop and entertainment environment.
AN1953 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION The USB Type-C™ cable is a reversible 24-pin interconnect created by the USB-if. The USB Type-C™ specification was first released in August 2014, The USB Type-C cable is a universal cable that addresses the needs for a wide range of computing, display, and charging applications. The long-term objective of the USB Type-C cable is to replace all previous iterations of the USB cable while greatly expanding the overall capabilities.
AN1953 1.2.2 BATTERY CHARGING While BC1.2 is still supported over USB Type-C because it depends on the USB2.0 lane, a significantly simplified and higher power current capability mechanism is also implemented. This simplified approach involves resistor pull-down/ pule-up relationships.
AN1953 FIGURE 3: USB TYPE-C PLUG The USB Type-C connector has 24 pins. Because of its reversibility. the pins are arranged in a mirrored configuration There are 2 total of 8 differential pairs in a full-featured cable assembly. There are also 4 pins that serve functions new to USB: CC1. CC2, BUSBY, S8U2. 131 USELESS DIFFERENTIAL PAIRS The 2 sets of USB2.0 differential pairs in the connector pin out only connect to a single differential pair in standard USB2.0 or Full Featured USB Type-C cables.
AN1953 2.0 USB TYPE-C CABLES 21 Physical Specifications 214 SIZE The USE Type-C receptacle opening is 8. 34mm x 2.58mm. For comparison, the Type-A receptacle opening is 12.50mm X B.12mm while the USB3.0 micro-AB receptacle opening is 12.25mm x 1.85mm 212 DURABILITY The USB Type-C cable must minimally support 10,000 mating cycles.
AN1953 FIGURE 4 USB2.0 TYPE-C PLUG PIN-OUT e Receptacle Cable Plug TABLE 4 USE TYPE-C™ USB2.0 CABLE ASSEMBLY WIRING USE Type-C Plug 1 Wire USB Type-C Plug Pin Fern Signal Name Pin Signal Name A1, B1. A12. B12 GND 1 Handwritten [GND_PWR2] At BT, A12,B12 CND BUS 2 PWR_VBUS1 [PWR_VBUS2]" BUS B85 CONN | 18] {PWR_VCONNJ 25 CONN A8 DP 4 UTP_Dp UTP Dra AT oM Shell Shield Braid Shield Shell Shield * Optional wires 2.
AN1953 27 USB Type-C to Legacy USB Cables The USE Type-C™ specification also defines the allowable USE Type-C to Legacy USE cable assemblies. The following full cable assemblies are supported: + USB Type-C to Type-A (USB2.0) + USB Type-Ct Type-A {USB3.0/3 1} » USB Type-C to Type-8 (USS2.0} » USB Type-C to Type-B « USB Type-C to Mini-8 (USB2.0) + USB Type-C to Micro-B (USB2.
AN1953 3.0 CC PINS The CC1 and CC2 pins are critical for basic USB Type-C operation. Resistors are attached io the CC pins in various configurations depending on whether the application is a downstream facing port {PDF, upstream facing post {PUFF, or an electronically marked/active cable Rp pull-up resistors on downstream facing ports {Section 3.1} Rd pull-down resistors on upstream facing pores {Section 3.2} Ra pull-down resistor on electronically putrefactive cables (Section 3.
AN1953 5V to BUS may only be applied when a valid cable attachment is detected. This prevents two downstream facing ports from back-driving current into each other.
AN1953 3.8 U8B Type-C Current Advertisement Both the upstream facing port and the downstream facing port must monitor the voltage on the CC1 and CC2 pins 1o determine if a valid Rp/Rd or Rp/Ra connection has been made. The USB Type-C™ specification defines the following voltage ranges: TABLE & USB TYPE-C VOLTAGE RANGES Current Advertisement Connection Rp{ Ra Connection 3A >2.78Y 1.5A >1.858V 160V 045V .40 0.00v Default USB (500mA/QG0mA) >1.88Y 220V -0.00V Once a valid connection is established.
AN1953 4.0 CONN SUPPLY CONN is 2 BV{4. 75V 5.5V allowable range) 1.0W power supply used to power circuits within the plug that are needed to implement electronically marked cables and CONN-powered accessories. The DFF is responsible for supplying CONN by default. if two Dual-Role ports with USB Power Delivery support are connected to each other, the CONN supplier can be swapped via USB PD negotiation TYCOON is required for PD-enabled port and USE support.
AN1953 50 USB POWER DELIVERY 2.0 USE Power Delivery 2.0 refers to 2 single wire protocol {on CC wire) created by the USB-IF. The name “USB Power Delivery” can be somewhat misreading as #t allows for much more than just power negotiations; it unlocks the advanced capabilities of the USB Type-C cable. The PD messaging occurs completely independently of USB2.6 or USB3.0/ USB2.
AN1953 5.4 Billboard Device Because of the wide range of capabilities enabled with USB PD, it can become censusing for the end user. There may be times when a user connects two devices and expects a different result than what actually occurs. To provide some armament of feedback 1o the user, a USB2.0 “Billboard” class device connected to the Power Delivery system can provide messages to the user that can explain roes or compatibility issues.
AN1953 6.0 ALTERNATE MODES Alternate Modes and USB Power Delivery are the bwo key features that wolf mellow the USB Type-C cable to become 2 true “universal” cable. Alternate Modes allow the USB Type-C cable to be reconfigured io support third party protocols. This feature is enabled only If both ports support the USB Power Delivery protocol and are both compatible with the specific Alternate Mode. There are no specific meets on Alternate Modes.
AN1953 APPENDIX A: APPLICATION NOTE REVISION HISTORY TABLE A-1: REVISION HISTORY Revision Level & Date Antivivisectionist Correction A (2-8-15) Unfinished Pr-Release © 2015 Microchip Technology Ine DS806001953Apage 17
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