%UXJVDQYLVQಣ %UXNVDQYLVQಣ 8VHU 0DQXDO LQJ LQJ .ºOHVNDE 6 / ' ( 5HIULJHUDWRU .
,1'+2/'6)257(*1(/6( 2P VLNNHUKHG 6LNNHUKHGVDQYLVQLQJHU ,QVWDOODWLRQ .RQWUROSDQHO 'DJOLJ EUXJ 5§G RJ WLSV 9HGOLJHKROGHOVH RJ UHQJºULQJ )HMOILQGLQJ 6WºM 7HNQLVNH GDWD 2SO\VQLQJHU WLO WHVWLQVWLWXWWHU .81'(3/(-( 2* 6(59,&( %UXJ DOWLG RULJLQDOH UHVHUYHGHOH 6ºUJ IRU DW KDYH IºOJHQGH GDWD NODU Q§U GX NRQWDNWHU YRUHV DXWRULVHUHGH VHUYLFHFHQWHU 0RGHO VHULHQXPPHU 2SO\VQLQJHUQH ILQGHV S§ W\SHVNLOWHW $GYDUVHO IRUVLJWLJ VLNNHUKHGVDQYLVQLQJHU *HQHUHOOH RSO\VQLQJHU RJ U§G 0LOMº
ವ ವ ವ ವ ವ ವ %ºUQ IUD WLO §U KDU WLOODGHOVH WLO DW I\OGH RJ WºPPH DSSDUDWHW IRUXGVDW DW GH HU EOHYHW NRUUHNW LQVWUXHUHW $SSDUDWHW NDQ EUXJHV DI SHUVRQHU PHG RPIDWWHQGH RJ NRPSOHNVW KDQGLFDS IRUXGVDW DW GH HU EOHYHW NRUUHNW LQVWUXHUHW %ºUQ S§ XQGHU §U VNDO KROGHV S§ DIVWDQG DI DSSDUDWHW PHGPLQGUH GH RYHUY§JHV NRQVWDQW /DG LNNH EºUQ OHJH PHG DSSDUDWHW %ºUQ P§ LNNH XGIºUH UHQJºULQJ RJ YHGOLJHKROGHOVH S§ SURGXNWHW XGHQ RSV\Q 2SEHYDU DO HPEDOODJH XWLOJ¨QJHOLJW IRU EºUQ RJ ERUWVNDI GHW NRUUHNW
ವ ವ ವ ವ ವ 8QGODG DW EUXJH KºMWU\NVUHQVHU HOOHU GDPS WLO DW UHQJºUH DSSDUDWHW 5HQJºU DSSDUDWHW PHG HQ IXJWLJ EOºG NOXG %UXJ NXQ HW QHXWUDOW UHQJºULQJVPLGGHO %UXJ LNNH VOLEHQGH PLGOHU VNXUHVYDPSH RSOºVQLQJVPLGOHU HOOHU PHWDOJHQVWDQGH 1§U DSSDUDWHW VW§U WRPW L HQ ODQJ SHULRGH VNDO GHW VOXNNHV DIULPHV UHQJºUHV WºUUHV RJ O§JHQ VNDO HIWHUODGHV §EHQ IRU DW IRUKLQGUH DW GHU GDQQHV PXJ L DSSDUDWHW 2SEHYDU LNNH HNVSORVLYH VWRIIHU VRP I HNV DHURVROEHKROGHUH PHG EU¨QGEDU GULYJDV L GHWWH DSSDUDW
ವ $SSDUDWHW VNDO WLOVOXWWHV VWUºP P MRUG MYI 6W¨UNVWUºPVUHJOHPHQWHW ವ 6ºUJ IRU DW SDUDPHWUHQH S§ W\SHVNLOWHW HU NRPSDWLEOH PHG QHWWLOVOXWQLQJHQV HOHNWULVNH P¨UNHY¨UGLHU ವ %UXJ DOWLG HQ NRUUHNW PRQWHUHW ORYOLJ VWLNNRQWDNW ವ 3DV S§ GX LNNH EHVNDGLJHU GH HOHNWULVNH NRPSRQHQWHU I HNV QHWVWLN QHWOHGQLQJ NRPSUHVVRU .
DI PRGHOOHQ HU EOHYHW VWDQGVHW WHUPRVWDWHU WHPSHUDWXUVHQVRUHU SULQWSODGHU O\VNLOGHU O§JHK§QGWDJ O§JHK¨QJVOHU EDNNHU RJ NXUYH %HP¨UN DW QRJOH DI GLVVH UHVHUYHGHOH NXQ HU WLOJ¨QJHOLJH IRU IDJXGO¨UWH UHSDUDWºUHU RJ DW LNNH DOOH UHVHUYHGHOH HU UHOHYDQWH IRU DOOH PRGHOOHU ವ /§JHSDNQLQJHU YLO Y¨UH WLOJ¨QJHOLJH L §U HIWHU SURGXNWLRQHQ DI PRGHOOHQ HU VWDQGVHW %RUWVNDIIHOVH ವ 7DJ VWLNNHW XG DI NRQWDNWHQ ವ .OLS HOOHGQLQJHQ DI RJ NDVV«U GHQ ವ )MHUQ O§JHQ V§ EºUQ RJ N¨OHG\U LNNH NDQ EOLYH OXNNH
D3 D1 0§O D2 W1 W3 A B H1 W2 6DPOHGH P§O { 3§NU¨YHW SODGV XQGHU EUXJ t + PP ' PP : PP $ PP ' PP % PP { PDVNLQHQV KºMGH EUHGGH RJ G\EGH XGHQ K§QGWDJHW RJ IºGGHUQH 3§NU¨YHW SODGV XQGHU EUXJ t + $ % PP : PP t PDVNLQHQV KºMGH EUHGGH RJ G\EGH LQNO K§QGWDJHW VDPW GHQ QºGYHQGLJH SODGV WLO IUL FLUNXODWLRQ DI GHQ DINºOHQGH OXIW 6DPOHW SODGV S§NU¨YHW XQGHU EUXJ u + $ % PP
6DPOHW SODGV S§NU¨YHW XQGHU EUXJ u : PP ' PP u PDVNLQHQV KºMGH EUHGGH RJ G\EGH LQNO K§QGWDJHW VDPW GHQ QºGYHQGLJH SODGV WLO IUL FLUNXODWLRQ DI GHQ DINºOHQGH OXIW VDPW GHQ QºGYHQGLJH SODGV IRU DW O§JHQ VRP PLQLPXP NDQ §EQHV WLO GHQ YLQNHO VRP JºU GHW PXOLJW DW IMHUQH DOW LQGYHQGLJW XGVW\U 3ODFHULQJ 0HG KHQEOLN S§ DW VLNUH DSSDUDWHWV EHGVWH IXQNWLRQ EºU GX LNNH LQVWDOOHUH DSSDUDWHW L Q¨UKHGHQ DI YDUPHNLOGHQ RYQ NRPIXUHU UDGLDWRUHU HOOHU NRJHSODGHU HOOHU S§ HW VWHG PHG GLUHNWH VRO
.21752/3$1(/ 1 6 5 'LVSOD\ .QDS WLO ºJQLQJ DI WHPSHUDWXU .QDS WLO V¨QNQLQJ DI WHPSHUDWXU 2. 'HQ IRUXGGHILQHUHGH NQDSO\G NDQ ¨QGUHV YHG DW WU\NNH S§ 0RGH RJ NQDSSHQ WLO 4 3 2 0RGH 21 2)) V¨QNQLQJ DI WHPSHUDWXU VDPWLGLJW L QRJOH I§ VHNXQGHU QGULQJHQ NDQ WLOEDJHVWLOOHV 'LVSOD\ A B C D Off min H G F E $ % & ' ( ) * + 7LPHUODPSH 6KRSSLQJ IXQNWLRQ +ROLGD\ WLOVWDQG 7HPSHUDWXULQGLNDWRU $ODUPLQGLNDWRU &KLOG/RFN IXQNWLRQ 'ULQNV&KLOO IXQNWLRQ 9HQWLODWRU IXQNWLRQ $NWLYHULQJ
6KRSSLQJ IXQNWLRQ +YLV GHW HU QºGYHQGLJW DW DQEULQJH VWRUH P¨QJGHU YDUPH PDGYDUHU I HNV HIWHU LQGNºE DQEHIDOHV GHW DW DNWLYHUH 6KRSSLQJ IXQNWLRQHQ IRU DW NºOH YDUHUQH KXUWLJHUH QHG RJ IRU DW XQGJ§ DW RSYDUPH GH DQGUH IºGHYDUHU L NºOHVNDEHW 7U\N S§ 0RGH LQGWLO GHW WLOVYDUHQGH V\PERO YLVHV S§ GLVSOD\HW 6KRSSLQJ ODPSHQ EOLQNHU 7U\N S§ 2.
O\GDODUP 7U\N S§ 2. IRU DW VOXNNH IRU O\GHQ RJ DIVOXWWH IXQNWLRQHQ )XQNWLRQHQ VO§V IUD YHG DW JHQWDJH SURFHGXUHQ LQGWLO 'ULQNV&KLOO VOXNNHV 7LGHQ NDQ ¨QGUHV Q§U VRP KHOVW XQGHU QHGW¨OOLQJHQ RJ RJV§ YHG DIVOXWQLQJHQ YHG DW WU\NNH S§ WHPSHUDWXUY¨OJHUHQ IRU DINºOLQJ RJ RSYDUPQLQJ $ODUPHQ VWRSSHU Q§U O§JHQ HU OXNNHW 1§U DODUPHQ O\GHU NDQ O\GHQ DIEU\GHV YHG DW WU\NNH S§ HQ YLON§UOLJ NQDS +YLV GX LNNH WU\NNHU S§ QRJHQ NQDS VOXNNHV O\GHQ DXWRPDWLVN HIWHU FD HQ WLPH IRU DW XQGJ§ IRUVW\UUHOVH $ODUP
)O\W LNNH JODVK\OGHQ RYHU JUºQWVDJVVNXIIHQ 'HQ VLNUHU NRUUHNW OXIWFLUNXODWLRQ 8GWDJQLQJ DI ([WUD=RQH +ROG VNXIIHQ VDPPHQ PHG JODVG¨NVOHW WLO ([WUD=RQH RJ WU¨N GHP PRG GLJ VHOY 9LS PRGXOHW QHGDG IRU DW IMHUQH GHW IUD NºOHVNDEHW 6NXE VNLQQHUQH LQG L VNDEHW IRU DW XQGJ§ EHVNDGLJHOVH DI DSSDUDWHW Q§U GX OXNNHU O§JHQ 0RQWHULQJ 7U¨N VNLQQHUQH XG *UºQWVDJVVNXIIH 6NXIIHQ HJQHU VLJ WLO RSEHYDULQJ DI IUXJW RJ JUºQW )RU DW IMHUQH VNXIIHQ I HNV PKS UHQJºULQJ 7U¨N VNXIIHQ XG RJ OºI
3ODFHU GHQ EDJHVWH GHO DI VNXIIHQ S§ VNLQQHUQH 2 1 A OK B OK 9HQWLODWRU .ºOHVNDEHW HU XGVW\UHW PHG HQ IXQNWLRQ GHU DINºOHU PDGHQ KXUWLJW RJ KROGHU HQ PHUH HQVDUWHW WHPSHUDWXU L UXPPHW 'HQQH HQKHG DNWLYHUHV DXWRPDWLVN HIWHU EHKRY +ROG IRUVLGHQ DI VNXIIHQ RSSH PHQV GX VNXEEHU VNXIIHQ LQG 7U\N GHQ IRUUHVWH GHO DI VNXIIHQ QHGDG 7U¨N VNXIIHQ XG LJHQ RJ NRQWUROO«U RP GHQ HU SODFHUHW NRUUHNW S§ E§GH EDJ RJ IRUVLGHNURJHQH 7HPSHUDWXULQGLNDWRU .ºOHVNDEHW HU XGVW\UHW PHG WHPSHUDW
NDQ NRPSUHVVRUHQ NºUH NRQVWDQW RJ VNDEH ULP HOOHU LV S§ IRUGDPSHUHQ , V§ IDOG VNDO GX LQGVWLOOH WHPSHUDWXUY¨OJHUHQ PRG HQ KºMHUH WHPSHUDWXU IRU DW JLYH PXOLJKHG IRU DXWRPDWLVN DIULPQLQJ RJ IRU DW VSDUH HQHUJL S§ GHQQH P§GH ವ 6ºUJ IRU HQ JRG XGOXIWQLQJ '¨N LNNH YHQWLODWLRQVULVWHQH HOOHU KXOOHUQH 5§G RP NºOLQJ DI IULVNH PDGYDUHU ವ *RG WHPSHUDWXULQGVWLOOLQJ GHU VLNUHU DW RSEHYDULQJ DI IULVNH PDGYDUHU HU YHG HQ WHPSHUDWXU S§ XQGHU HOOHU OLJ PHG r& (Q KºMHUH WHPSHUDWXULQGVWLOOLQJ LQGHQ L DSSDUDWHW
9DVN GHW LQGYHQGLJW LQNO WLOEHKºU PHG OXQNHQW YDQG WLOVDW QHXWUDO V¨EH (IWHUVH M¨YQOLJ O§JHSDNQLQJHUQH RJ WºU GHP DI V§ GH HU UHQH RJ IUL IRU EHO¨JQLQJHU 6N\O RJ WºU JUXQGLJW DI $IULPQLQJ DI NºOHVNDEHW 'HU IMHUQHV DXWRPDWLVN ULP IUD NºOHDIGHOLQJHQV IRUGDPSHU XQGHU QRUPDO EUXJ $IULPQLQJVYDQGHW OHGHV XG JHQQHP HQ UHQGH RJ QHG L HQ V¨UOLJ EHKROGHU EDJ S§ DSSDUDWHW RYHU NRPSUHVVRUHQ KYRU GHW IRUGDPSHU $IOºEHW WLO DIULPQLQJVYDQG VLGGHU PLGW L UHQGHQ L NºOHDIGHOLQJHQ 'HW VNDO M¨YQOLJ UH
3UREOHP 0XOLJH §UVDJHU /ºVQLQJ /§JHQ VW§U §EHQ /XN O§JHQ .RPSUHVVRUHQ NºUHU NRQಣ VWDQW 7HPSHUDWXUHQ HU LQGVWLOOHW IRUNHUW 6H NDSLWOHW .
3UREOHP 0XOLJH §UVDJHU /ºVQLQJ 7HPSHUDWXU LQGVWLOOHW L PDಣ VNLQHQ HU IRU ODY RJ GHQ RPಣ JLYHQGH WHPSHUDWXU HU IRU KºM 9¨OJ HQ KºMHUH WHPSHUDWXU 6H NDSLWOHW .RQWUROSDQHO 'HU OºEHU YDQG QHG DG EDJಣ SODGHQ L NºOHVNDEHW 8QGHU GHQ DXWRPDWLVNH DIಣ ULPQLQJ VPHOWHU GHU ULP S§ EDJSODGHQ 'HW HU NRUUHNW 'HU HU IRU PHJHW NRQGHQVHಣ UHW YDQG S§ NºOHVNDEHWV EDಣ JHVWH Y¨J /§JHQ EOHY §EQHW IRU K\Sಣ SLJW EQ NXQ O§JHQ Q§U GHW HU QºGYHQGLJW /§JHQ EOHY LNNH OXNNHW KHOW 6ºUJ IRU DW O§JHQ HU
3UREOHP 0XOLJH §UVDJHU /ºVQLQJ 6KRSSLQJ IXQNWLRQHQ HU VO§HW WLO 6H DIVQLWWHW 6KRSSLQJ IXQNಣ WLRQ 'HU HU LQJHQ FLUNXODWLRQ DI NROG OXIW L NºOHVNDEHW .RQWUROO«U RP GHU FLUNXOHUHU NROG OXIW L NºOHVNDEHW 6H NDಣ SLWOHW 1\WWLJH RSO\VQLQJHU RJ U§G '(02 YLVHV S§ GLVSOD\HW 6NDEHW HU L GHPRQVWUDWLRQVಣ WLOVWDQG +ROG 2. WDVWHQ WU\NNHW LQGH L FD VHNXQGHU LQGWLO GHU O\GHU HQ ODQJ O\G RJ GLVSOD\ಣ HW VOXNNHU HW NRUW ºMHEOLN 'HU YLVHV HW 3UREOHP PHG WHPSHUDWXUIºಣ OHU .
67SSSRRR! BRRR! CLICK! HISSS! BLUBB! 7(.1,6.( '$7$ 'H WHNQLVNH VSHFLILNDWLRQHU IUHPJ§U DI W\SHVNLOWHW LQGYHQGLJW S§ PDVNLQHQ RJ S§ HQHUJLP¨UNHW 45 NRGHQ S§ HQHUJLP¨UNHW GHU OHYHUHV PHG PDVNLQHQ LQGHKROGHU HW ZHEOLQN WLO RSO\VQLQJHUQH UHODWHUHW WLO PDVNLQHQV \GHOVH L (8 (35(/ GDWDEDVHQ 2SEHYDU HQHUJLP¨UNHW WLO UHIHUHQFH VDPPHQ PHG EUXJHUYHMOHGQLQJHQ RJ DOOH DQGUH GRNXPHQWHU GHU IºOJHU PHG GHQQH PDVNLQH 'HW HU RJV§ PXOLJW DW ILQGH GH VDPPH RSO\VQLQJHU L (35(/ YHG KM¨OS DI OLQNHW KWWSV HSUHO
0,/-+(16<1 *HQEUXJ PDWHULDOHU PHG V\PEROHW $QEULQJ HPEDOODJHPDWHULDOHW L SDVVHQGH EHKROGHUH WLO JHQEUXJ +M¨OS PHG DW EHVN\WWH PLOMºHW RJ PHQQHVNHOLJ VXQGKHG VDPW DW JHQEUXJH DIIDOG DI HOHNWULVNH RJ HOHNWURQLVNH DSSDUDWHU .DVVHU LNNH DSSDUDWHU GHU HU P¨UNHW PHG V\PEROHW VDPPHQ PHG KXVKROGQLQJVDIIDOGHW /HYHU SURGXNWHW WLOEDJH WLO GLQ ORNDOH JHQEUXJVSODGV HOOHU NRQWDNW GLQ NRPPXQH
