TigerStack 10/100 24/48-Port 10/100Mbps Stackable Managed Switch Management Guide ◆ 24/48 auto-MDI/MDI-X 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX ports ◆ 2 Gigabit RJ-45 ports shared with 2 SFP transceiver slots ◆ 2 Gigabit stacking ports that act as Ethernet ports in standalone mode ◆ Stacks up to 8 units (SMC6224M) ◆ Stacks up to 4 units (SMC6248M) ◆ Non-blocking switching architecture ◆ Spanning Tree Protocol and Rapid STP ◆ Up to four LACP or static 8-port trunks ◆ RADIUS and TACACS+ authentication ◆ Rate limiting for bandw
TigerStack 10/100 Management Guide From SMC’s Tiger line of feature-rich workgroup LAN solutions 38 Tesla Irvine, CA 92618 Phone: (949) 679-8000 January 2005 Pub.
Information furnished by SMC Networks, Inc. (SMC) is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SMC for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SMC. SMC reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice. Copyright © 2005 by SMC Networks, Inc. 38 Tesla Irvine, CA 92618 All rights reserved.
LIMITED WARRANTY Limited Warranty Statement: SMC Networks, Inc. (“SMC”) warrants its products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use and service, for the applicable warranty term. All SMC products carry a standard 90-day limited warranty from the date of purchase from SMC or its Authorized Reseller. SMC may, at its own discretion, repair or replace any product not operating as warranted with a similar or functionally equivalent product, during the applicable warranty term.
LIMITED WARRANTY WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: IF AN SMC PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS WARRANTED ABOVE, CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT IN QUESTION, AT SMC’S OPTION. THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
CONTENTS 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-1 Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Description of Software Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 System Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 2 Initial Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying Bridge Extension Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Setting the Switch’s IP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manual Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Using DHCP/BOOTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managing Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Downloading System Software from a Server . .
CONTENTS Filtering Addresses for Management Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-75 Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-77 Configuring Access Control Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-77 Setting the ACL Name and Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-78 Configuring a Standard IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-80 Configuring an Extended IP ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS Displaying Basic VLAN Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Displaying Current VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) . . . . Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) . . . . . . Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . Private VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS Telnet Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 Entering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Keywords and Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Minimum Abbreviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 Command Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 Getting Help on Commands . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS quit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Management Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Device Designation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hostname . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Access Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS clear logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63 show logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63 show log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65 SMTP Alert Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66 logging sendmail host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67 logging sendmail level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS RADIUS Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-96 radius-server host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-97 radius-server port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-98 radius-server key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-98 radius-server retransmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-99 radius-server timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS MAC ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-127 access-list mac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-127 permit, deny (MAC ACL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-128 show mac access-list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-130 mac access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-130 show mac access-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS show rate-limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Link Aggregation Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . channel-group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp system-priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS Configuring VLAN Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-198 interface vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-198 switchport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-199 switchport acceptable-frame-types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-200 switchport ingress-filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-201 switchport native vlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . map ip dscp (Global Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . map ip dscp (Interface Configuration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map ip port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map ip precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . show map ip dscp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Multicast Filtering Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS APPENDICES: A Software Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1 Software Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Management Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Management Information Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS xvi
TABLES Table 1-1 Table 1-2 Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 Table 3-4 Table 3-5 Table 3-6 Table 3-7 Table 3-8 Table 3-9 Table 3-10 Table 3-11 Table 3-12 Table 3-13 Table 3-14 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 4-4 Table 4-5 Table 4-6 Table 4-7 Table 4-8 Table 4-9 Table 4-10 Table 4-11 Table 4-12 Table 4-13 Table 4-14 Table 4-15 Table 4-16 Table 4-17 Table 4-18 Table 4-19 Table 4-20 Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 System Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLES Table 4-21 Table 4-22 Table 4-23 Table 4-24 Table 4-25 Table 4-26 Table 4-27 Table 4-28 Table 4-29 Table 4-30 Table 4-31 Table 4-32 Table 4-33 Table 4-34 Table 4-35 Table 4-36 Table 4-37 Table 4-38 Table 4-39 Table 4-40 Table 4-41 Table 4-42 Table 4-43 Table 4-44 Table 4-45 Table 4-46 Table 4-47 Table 4-49 Table 4-48 Table 4-50 Table 4-51 Table 4-52 Table 4-53 Table 4-54 Table 4-55 Table 4-56 Table 4-57 xviii SMTP Alert Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-66 Time Commands .
TABLES Table 4-58 Table 4-59 Table 4-60 Table 4-61 Table 4-62 Table 4-63 Table 4-64 Table 4-65 Table 4-66 Table 4-67 Table B-1 Priority Commands (Layer 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-220 Default CoS Priority Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-224 Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-227 Mapping IP Precedence Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-230 IP DSCP to CoS Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLES xx
FIGURES Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 3-4 Figure 3-5 Figure 3-6 Figure 3-7 Figure 3-8 Figure 3-9 Figure 3-10 Figure 3-11 Figure 3-12 Figure 3-13 Figure 3-14 Figure 3-15 Figure 3-16 Figure 3-17 Figure 3-18 Figure 3-19 Figure 3-20 Figure 3-21 Figure 3-22 Figure 3-23 Figure 3-24 Figure 3-25 Figure 3-26 Figure 3-27 Figure 3-28 Figure 3-29 Figure 3-30 Figure 3-31 Figure 3-32 Figure 3-33 Figure 3-34 Figure 3-35 Figure 3-36 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURES Figure 3-37 Figure 3-38 Figure 3-39 Figure 3-40 Figure 3-41 Figure 3-42 Figure 3-43 Figure 3-44 Figure 3-45 Figure 3-46 Figure 3-47 Figure 3-48 Figure 3-49 Figure 3-50 Figure 3-51 Figure 3-52 Figure 3-53 Figure 3-54 Figure 3-55 Figure 3-56 Figure 3-57 Figure 3-58 Figure 3-59 Figure 3-60 Figure 3-61 Figure 3-62 Figure 3-63 Figure 3-64 Figure 3-65 Figure 3-66 Figure 3-67 Figure 3-68 Figure 3-69 Figure 3-70 Figure 3-71 Figure 3-72 Figure 3-73 xxii ACL Configuration - Extended IP . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURES Figure 3-74 Figure 3-75 Figure 3-76 Figure 3-77 Figure 3-78 Figure 3-79 Figure 3-80 Figure 3-81 Figure 3-82 Figure 3-83 Figure 3-84 Figure 3-85 Figure 3-86 Queue Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-173 Configuring Queue Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-174 IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-176 Mapping IP Precedence Priority Values . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-177 Mapping IP DSCP Priority Values . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURES xxiv
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This switch provides a broad range of features for Layer 2 switching. It includes a management agent that allows you to configure the features listed in this manual. The default configuration can be used for most of the features provided by this switch. However, there are many options that you should configure to maximize the switch’s performance for your particular network environment.
INTRODUCTION Table 1-1 Key Features Feature Description Port Trunking Supports up to 4 trunks using either static or dynamic trunking (LACP) Broadcast Storm Control Supported Static Address Up to 8K MAC addresses in the forwarding table IEEE 802.
DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE FEATURES Configuration Backup and Restore – You can save the current configuration settings to a file on a TFTP server, and later download this file to restore the switch configuration settings. Authentication – This switch authenticates management access via the console port, Telnet or web browser. User names and passwords can be configured locally or can be verified via a remote authentication server (i.e., RADIUS or TACACS+).
INTRODUCTION Rate Limiting – This feature controls the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an interface. Rate limiting is configured on interfaces at the edge of a network to limit traffic into or out of the network. Traffic that falls within the rate limit is transmitted, while packets that exceed the acceptable amount of traffic are dropped. Port Mirroring – The switch can unobtrusively mirror traffic from any port to a monitor port.
DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE FEATURES Store-and-Forward Switching – The switch copies each frame into its memory before forwarding them to another port. This ensures that all frames are a standard Ethernet size and have been verified for accuracy with the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This prevents bad frames from entering the network and wasting bandwidth. To avoid dropping frames on congested ports, the switch provides 8 MB for frame buffering.
INTRODUCTION switch to restrict traffic to the VLAN groups to which a user has been assigned. By segmenting your network into VLANs, you can: • • • • Eliminate broadcast storms which severely degrade performance in a flat network. Simplify network management for node changes/moves by remotely configuring VLAN membership for any port, rather than having to manually change the network connection. Provide data security by restricting all traffic to the originating VLAN.
SYSTEM DEFAULTS System Defaults The switch’s system defaults are provided in the configuration file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg.” To reset the switch defaults, this file should be set as the startup configuration file (page 3-23). The following table lists some of the basic system defaults.
INTRODUCTION Table 1-2 System Defaults Function Parameter Default Web Management HTTP Server Enabled HTTP Port Number 80 HTTP Secure Server Enabled HTTP Secure Port Number 443 Community Strings “public” (read only) “private” (read/write) Traps Authentication traps: enabled Link-up-down events: enabled Admin Status Enabled Auto-negotiation Enabled Flow Control Disabled Rate Limiting Input and output limits Disabled Port Trunking Static Trunks None LACP (all ports) Disabled SNMP
SYSTEM DEFAULTS Table 1-2 System Defaults Function Parameter Default Virtual LANs Default VLAN 1 PVID 1 Acceptable Frame Type All Ingress Filtering Disabled Switchport Mode (Egress Mode) Hybrid: tagged/untagged frames GVRP (global) Disabled GVRP (port interface) Disabled Ingress Port Priority 0 Weighted Round Robin Queue: 0 1 2 3 Weight: 1 2 4 6 IP Precedence Priority Disabled IP DSCP Priority Disabled IP Port Priority Disabled IP Address 0.0.0.0 Subnet Mask 255.0.0.
INTRODUCTION 1-10
CHAPTER 2 INITIAL CONFIGURATION Connecting to the Switch Configuration Options The switch includes a built-in network management agent. The agent offers a variety of management options, including SNMP, RMON (Groups 1, 2, 3, 9) and a web-based interface. A PC may also be connected directly to the switch for configuration and monitoring via a command line interface (CLI). Note: The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. To change this address, see “Setting an IP Address” on page 2-9.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION The switch’s web interface, CLI configuration program, and SNMP agent allow you to perform the following management functions: • • • • • • Set user names and passwords Set an IP interface for a management VLAN Configure SNMP parameters Enable/disable any port Set the speed/duplex mode for any port Configure the bandwidth of any port by limiting input or output rates • Control port access through IEEE 802.
CONNECTING TO THE SWITCH Attach a VT100-compatible terminal, or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the switch. You can use the console cable provided with this package, or use a null-modem cable that complies with the wiring assignments shown in the Installation Guide. To connect a terminal to the console port, complete the following steps: 1.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION For a description of how to use the CLI, see “Using the Command Line Interface” on page 4-1. For a list of all the CLI commands and detailed information on using the CLI, refer to “Command Groups” on page 4-12. Remote Connections Prior to accessing the switch’s onboard agent via a network connection, you must first configure it with a valid IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway using a console connection, DHCP or BOOTP protocol.
STACK OPERATIONS Stack Operations You can stack up to eight SMC6224M units, four SMC6248M units, or four units when both switch types are stacked together. Refer to the Installation Guide for details on stacking these units. One unit in the stack acts as the Master for configuration tasks and firmware upgrade. All of the other units function in Slave mode. Note: If more than one stack Master is selected using the Master push button on the switch’s front panel, the stack will not function.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION Recovering from Stack Failure or Topology Change Note the following points about recovering from a stack change: • When using a “line” topology, if any link or unit in the stack fails, the stack will be split into two separate segments. The new stack segments will then reboot and resume normal operation if a new segment contains the original Master unit, or if a new segment now contains only one switch.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Basic Configuration Console Connection The CLI program provides two different command levels — normal access level (Normal Exec) and privileged access level (Privileged Exec). The commands available at the Normal Exec level are a limited subset of those available at the Privileged Exec level and allow you to only display information and use basic utilities. To fully configure the switch parameters, you must access the CLI at the Privileged Exec level.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION Setting Passwords Note: If this is your first time to log into the CLI program, you should define new passwords for both default user names using the “username” command, record them and put them in a safe place. Passwords can consist of up to 8 alphanumeric characters and are case sensitive. To prevent unauthorized access to the switch, set the passwords as follows: 1. Open the console interface with the default user name and password “admin” to access the Privileged Exec level. 2.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Setting an IP Address You must establish IP address information for the stack to obtain management access through the network. This can be done in either of the following ways: Manual — You have to input the information, including IP address and subnet mask. If your management station is not in the same IP subnet as the stack’s master unit, you will also need to specify the default gateway router.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION 2. Type “ip address ip-address netmask,” where “ip-address” is the switch IP address and “netmask” is the network mask for the network. Press . 3. Type “exit” to return to the global configuration mode prompt. Press . 4. To set the IP address of the default gateway for the network to which the switch belongs, type “ip default-gateway gateway,” where “gateway” is the IP address of the default gateway. Press .
BASIC CONFIGURATION 2. At the interface-configuration mode prompt, use one of the following commands: • To obtain IP settings via DHCP, type “ip address dhcp” and press . • To obtain IP settings via BOOTP, type “ip address bootp” and press . 3. Type “end” to return to the Privileged Exec mode. Press . 4. Type “ip dhcp restart” to begin broadcasting service requests. Press . 5.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION When SNMP management stations send requests to the switch (either to return information or to set a parameter), the switch provides the requested data or sets the specified parameter. The switch can also be configured to send information to SNMP managers (without being requested by the managers) through trap messages, which inform the manager that certain events have occurred.
BASIC CONFIGURATION 2. To remove an existing string, simply type “no snmp-server community string,” where “string” is the community access string to remove. Press . Console(config)#snmp-server community admin rw Console(config)#snmp-server community private Console(config)# Trap Receivers You can also specify SNMP stations that are to receive traps from the switch. To configure a trap receiver, complete the following steps: 1.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION 2. Enter the name of the start-up file. Press . Console#copy running-config startup-config Startup configuration file name []: startup \Write to FLASH Programming. \Write to FLASH finish. Success. Console# Managing System Files The switch’s flash memory supports three types of system files that can be managed by the CLI program, web interface, or SNMP. The switch’s file system allows files to be uploaded and downloaded, copied, deleted, and set as a start-up file.
MANAGING SYSTEM FILES Due to the size limit of the flash memory, the switch supports only two operation code files. However, you can have as many diagnostic code files and configuration files as available flash memory space allows. In the system flash memory, one file of each type must be set as the start-up file. During a system boot, the diagnostic and operation code files set as the start-up file are run, and then the start-up configuration file is loaded.
INITIAL CONFIGURATION 2-16
CHAPTER 3 CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Using the Web Interface This switch provides an embedded HTTP web agent. Using a web browser you can configure the switch and view statistics to monitor network activity. The web agent can be accessed by any computer on the network using a standard web browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 6.2 or above). Note: You can also use the Command Line Interface (CLI) to manage the switch over a serial connection to the console port or via Telnet.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Notes: 1. You are allowed three attempts to enter the correct password; on the third failed attempt the current connection is terminated. 2. If you log into the web interface as guest (Normal Exec level), you can view the configuration settings or change the guest password. If you log in as “admin” (Privileged Exec level), you can change the settings on any page. 3.
NAVIGATING THE WEB BROWSER INTERFACE Navigating the Web Browser Interface To access the web-browser interface you must first enter a user name and password. The administrator has Read/Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics. The default user name and password for the administrator is “admin.” Home Page When your web browser connects with the switch’s web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Configuration Options Configurable parameters have a dialog box or a drop-down list. Once a configuration change has been made on a page, be sure to click on the Apply button to confirm the new setting. The following table summarizes the web page configuration buttons. Table 3-1 Configuration Options Button Action Revert Cancels specified values and restores current values prior to pressing Apply. Apply Sets specified values to the system. Help Links directly to webhelp.
MAIN MENU Main Menu Using the onboard web agent, you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch, and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description SNTP 3-42 Configuration Configures SNTP client settings, including broadcast mode or a specified list of servers 3-42 Clock Time Zone Sets the local time zone for the system clock 3-44 SNMP Configuration 3-45 Configures community strings and related trap functions Security User Accounts 3-45 3-48 Assigns a new password for the current user 3-48 Authentication Settings Configures authentication sequence, RADIUS and TACACS
MAIN MENU Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued) Menu IP Filter Description Sets IP addresses of clients allowed management access via the web, SNMP, and Telnet Port Page 3-75 3-88 Port Information Displays port connection status 3-88 Trunk Information Displays trunk connection status 3-88 Port Configuration Configures port connection settings 3-91 Trunk Configuration Configures trunk connection settings 3-91 Trunk Membership Specifies ports to group into static trunks 3-95 LACP 3-93 Configur
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Output Port Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each port 3-114 Output Trunk Configuration Sets the output rate limit for each trunk 3-114 Lists Ethernet and RMON port statistics 3-115 Port Statistics Address Table 3-122 Static Addresses Displays entries for interface, address or VLAN 3-122 Dynamic Addresses Displays or edits static entries in the Address Table 3-124 Address Aging Sets timeout for dynam
MAIN MENU Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Page Static Membership by Configures membership type for interfaces, Port including tagged, untagged or forbidden 3-156 Port Configuration Specifies default PVID and VLAN attributes 3-157 Trunk Configuration Specifies default trunk VID and VLAN attributes 3-157 Private VLAN 3-160 Information Displays Private VLAN feature information 3-161 Configuration This page is used to create/remove primary or community VLANs 3-163 Association
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Table 3-2 Main Menu (Continued) Menu Description Queue Scheduling Configures Weighted Round Robin queueing 3-174 IP Precedence/ DSCP Priority Status Globally selects IP Precedence or DSCP Priority, or disables both.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Basic Configuration Displaying System Information You can easily identify the system by displaying the device name, location and contact information. Field Attributes • System Name – Name assigned to the switch system. • Object ID – MIB II object ID for switch’s network management subsystem. (SMC6624M: 1.3.6.1.4.1.202.20.43; SMC6648M: 1.3.6.1.4.1.202.20.44) • Location – Specifies the system location. • Contact – Administrator responsible for the system.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click System, System Information. Specify the system name, location, and contact information for the system administrator, then click Apply. (This page also includes a Telnet button that allows access to the Command Line Interface via Telnet.
BASIC CONFIGURATION CLI – Specify the hostname, location and contact information. Console(config)#hostname R&D 5 4-34 Console(config)#snmp-server location WC 9 4-137 Console(config)#snmp-server contact Ted 4-136 Console(config)#exit Console#show system 4-82 System description: 24-Port 10/100Mbps Stackable Managed Switch with 2 optional uplink modules System OID string: 1.3.6.1.4.1.202.20.43 System information System Up time: 0 days, 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 7.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Internal Power Status – Displays the status of the internal power supply. Management Software • Loader Version – Version number of loader code. • Boot-ROM Version – Version of Power-On Self-Test (POST) and boot code. • Operation Code Version – Version number of runtime code. • Role – Shows that this switch is operating as Master or Slave. Expansion Slot • Expansion Slot 1/2 – Combination RJ-45/SFP ports. These additional parameters are displayed for the CLI.
BASIC CONFIGURATION CLI – Use the following command to display version information. Console#show version Unit 1 Serial number: Service tag: Hardware version: Module A type: Module B type: Number of ports: Main power status: Redundant power status 4-83 R01 1000BaseT 1000BaseT 26 up :not present Agent (master) Unit ID: Loader version: Boot ROM version: Operation code version: 1 2.2.1.4 2.2.1.8 2.2.6.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Configurable PVID Tagging – This switch allows you to override the default Port VLAN ID (PVID used in frame tags) and egress status (VLAN-Tagged or Untagged) on each port. (Refer to “VLAN Configuration” on page 3-143.) • Local VLAN Capable – This switch does not support multiple local bridges outside of the scope of 802.1Q defined VLANs. • GMRP – GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups.
BASIC CONFIGURATION CLI – Enter the following command. Console#show bridge-ext Max support VLAN numbers: Max support VLAN ID: Extended multicast filtering services: Static entry individual port: VLAN learning: Configurable PVID tagging: Local VLAN capable: Traffic classes: Global GVRP status: GMRP: Console# 4-216 255 4094 No Yes IVL Yes No Enabled Disabled Disabled Setting the Switch’s IP Address This section describes how to configure an IP interface for management access over the network.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Requests will be broadcast periodically by the switch for an IP address. (DHCP/BOOTP values can include the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.) • IP Address – Address of the VLAN interface that is allowed management access. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. (Default: 0.0.0.0) • Subnet Mask – This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets. (Default: 255.0.0.
BASIC CONFIGURATION CLI – Specify the management interface, IP address and default gateway. Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.254 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)#exit Console(config)#ip default-gateway 192.168.1.254 Console(config)# 4-143 4-247 4-249 Using DHCP/BOOTP If your network provides DHCP/BOOTP services, you can configure the switch to be dynamically configured by these services. Web – Click System, IP Configuration.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – Specify the management interface, and set the IP address mode to DHCP or BOOTP, and then enter the “ip dhcp restart” command. Console#config Console(config)#interface vlan 1 4-143 Console(config-if)#ip address dhcp 4-247 Console(config-if)#end Console#ip dhcp restart 4-249 Console#show ip interface 4-250 IP address and netmask: 192.168.1.54 255.255.255.0 on VLAN 1, and address mode: dhcp.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Managing Firmware You can upload/download firmware to or from a TFTP server, or copy files to and from switch units in a stack. By saving runtime code to a file on a TFTP server, that file can later be downloaded to the switch to restore operation. You can also set the switch to use new firmware without overwriting the previous version. You must specify the method of file transfer, along with the file type and file names as required.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Downloading System Software from a Server When downloading runtime code, you can specify the destination file name to replace the current image, or first download the file using a different name from the current runtime code file, and then set the new file as the startup file. Web –Click System, File Management, Copy Operation.
BASIC CONFIGURATION If you download to a new destination file, go to the System/File/Set Start-Up menu, mark the operation code file used at startup, and click Apply. To start the new firmware, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu. Figure 3-9 Select Start-Up Operation File To delete a file select System, File, Delete. Select the file name from the given list by checking the tick box and click Apply.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – To download new firmware form a TFTP server, enter the IP address of the TFTP server, select “opcode” as the file type, then enter the source and destination file names. When the file has finished downloading, set the new file to start up the system, and then restart the switch. To start the new firmware, enter the “reload” command or reboot the system. Console#copy tftp file TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.19 Choose file type: 1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 2 Source file name: V2.
BASIC CONFIGURATION - running-config to startup-config – Copies the running config to the startup config. - running-config to tftp – Copies the running configuration to a TFTP server. - startup-config to file – Copies the startup configuration to a file on the switch. - startup-config to running-config – Copies the startup config to the running config. - startup-config to tftp – Copies the startup configuration to a TFTP server. - tftp to file – Copies a file from a TFTP server to the switch.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Downloading Configuration Settings from a Server You can download the configuration file under a new file name and then set it as the startup file, or you can specify the current startup configuration file as the destination file to directly replace it. Note that the file “Factory_Default_Config.cfg” can be copied to the TFTP server, but cannot be used as the destination on the switch. Web – Click System, File, Copy.
BASIC CONFIGURATION If you download to a new file name using “tftp to startup-config” or “tftp to file,” the file is automatically set as the start-up configuration file. To use the new settings, reboot the system via the System/Reset menu. Note that you can also select any configuration file as the start-up configuration by using the System/File/Set Start-Up page.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Console Port Settings You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial console port. Management access through the console port is controlled by various parameters, including a password, timeouts, and basic communication settings. These parameters can be configured via the web or CLI interface. Command Attributes 3-28 • Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the CLI.
BASIC CONFIGURATION • Speed – Sets the terminal line’s baud rate for transmit (to terminal) and receive (from terminal). Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to the serial port. (Range: 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or 115200 baud; Default: 9600 bps) • Stop Bits – Sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte. (Range: 1-2; Default: 1 stop bit) • Password1 – Specifies a password for the line connection.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for the console, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current console port settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.
BASIC CONFIGURATION • Telnet Port Number – Sets the TCP port number for Telnet on the switch. (Default: 23) • Login Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the CLI. If a login attempt is not detected within the timeout interval, the connection is terminated for the session. (Range: 0-300 seconds; Default: 300 seconds) • Exec Timeout – Sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click System, Line, Telnet. Specify the connection parameters for Telnet access, then click Apply. Figure 3-14 Enabling Telnet CLI – Enter Line Configuration mode for a virtual terminal, then specify the connection parameters as required. To display the current virtual terminal settings, use the show line command from the Normal Exec level.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Configuring Event Logging The switch allows you to control the logging of error messages, including the type of events that are recorded in switch memory, logging to a remote System Log (syslog) server, and displays a list of recent event messages. System Log Configuration The system allows you to enable or disable event logging, and specify which levels are logged to RAM or flash memory.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Table 3-3 Logging Levels Level Severity Name Description 7 Debug Debugging messages 6 Informational Informational messages only 5 Notice Normal but significant condition, such as cold start 4 Warning Warning conditions (e.g., return false, unexpected return) 3 Error Error conditions (e.g., invalid input, default used) 2 Critical Critical conditions (e.g.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Web – Click System, Log, System Logs. Specify System Log Status, set the level of event messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory, then click Apply. Figure 3-15 System Logs CLI – Enable system logging and then specify the level of messages to be logged to RAM and flash memory. Use the show logging command to display the current settings.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH The facility type is used by the syslog server to dispatch log messages to an appropriate service. The attribute specifies the facility type tag sent in syslog messages. (See RFC 3164.) This type has no effect on the kind of messages reported by the switch. However, it may be used by the syslog server to process messages, such as sorting or storing messages in the corresponding database.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Web – Click System, Log, Remote Logs. To add an IP address to the Host IP List, type the new IP address in the Host IP Address box, and then click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the Host IP List, and then click Remove. Figure 3-16 Remote Logs CLI – Enter the syslog server host IP address, choose the facility type and set the logging trap. Console(config)#logging host 192.168.1.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Displaying Log Messages The Logs page allows you to scroll through the logged system and event messages. The switch can store up to 2048 log entries in temporary random access memory (RAM; i.e., memory flushed on power reset) and up to 4096 entries in permanent flash memory. Web – Click System, Log, Logs. Figure 3-17 Displaying Logs CLI – This example shows the event message stored in RAM. Console#show log ram [1] 00:01:37 2001-01-01 "DHCP request failed - will retry later.
BASIC CONFIGURATION Sending Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Alerts To alert system administrators of problems, the switch can use SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) to send email messages when triggered by logging events of a specified level. The messages are sent to specified SMTP servers on the network and can be retrieved using POP or IMAP clients. Command Attributes • Admin Status – Enables/disables the SMTP function.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click System, Log, SMTP. Enable SMTP, specify a source email address, and select the minimum severity level. To add an IP address to the SMTP Server List, type the new IP address in the SMTP Server field and click Add. To delete an IP address, click the entry in the SMTP Server List and click Remove. Specify up to five email addresses to receive the alert messages, and click Apply.
BASIC CONFIGURATION CLI – Enter the IP address of at least one SMTP server, set the syslog severity level to trigger an email message, and specify the switch (source) and up to five recipient (destination) email addresses. Enable SMTP with the logging sendmail command to complete the configuration. Use the show logging sendmail command to display the current SMTP configuration. Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – Use the reload command to restart the switch. When prompted, confirm that you want to reset the switch. Console#reload System will be restarted, continue ? y 4-30 Note: When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test. Setting the System Clock Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) allows the switch to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a time server (SNTP or NTP).
BASIC CONFIGURATION • SNTP Server – Sets the IP address for up to three time servers. The switch attempts to update the time from the first server, if this fails it attempts an update from the next server in the sequence. Web – Select SNTP, Configuration. Modify any of the required parameters, and click Apply. Figure 3-20 SNTP Configuration CLI – This example configures the switch to operate as an SNTP unicast client and then displays the current time and settings. Console(config)#sntp server 10.1.0.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Setting the Time Zone SNTP uses Coordinated Universal Time (or UTC, formerly Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT) based on the time at the Earth’s prime meridian, zero degrees longitude. To display a time corresponding to your local time, you must indicate the number of hours and minutes your time zone is east (before) or west (after) of UTC. Command Attributes • Current Time – Displays the current time. • Name – Assigns a name to the time zone.
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Simple Network Management Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices on a network. Equipment commonly managed with SNMP includes switches, routers and host computers. SNMP is typically used to configure these devices for proper operation in a network environment, as well as to monitor them to evaluate performance or detect potential problems.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Access Mode - Read-Only – Specifies read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. - Read/Write – Specifies read-write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Web – Click SNMP, Configuration. Add new community strings as required, select the access rights from the Access Mode drop-down list, then click Add.
SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL Command Attributes • Trap Manager Capability – This switch supports up to five trap managers. • Current – Displays a list of the trap managers currently configured. • Trap Manager IP Address – IP address of the host (the targeted recipient). • Trap Manager Community String – Community string sent with the notification operation. (Range: 1-32 characters, case sensitive) • Trap Version – Specifies whether to send notifications as SNMP v1 or v2c traps.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example adds a trap manager and enables both authentication and link-up, link-down traps. Console(config)#snmp-server host 192.168.1.19 private version 2c Console(config)#snmp-server enable traps authentication 4-138 4-139 User Authentication You can restrict management access to this switch using the following options: • • • • • • • User Accounts – Manually configure access rights on the switch for specified users.
USER AUTHENTICATION Command Attributes • • Account List – Displays the current list of user accounts and associated access levels. (Defaults: admin, and guest) New Account – Displays configuration settings for a new account. - User Name – The name of the user. (Maximum length: 8 characters; maximum number of users: 16) Access Level – Specifies the user level. (Options: Normal and Privileged) Password – Specifies the user password.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – Assign a user name to access-level 15 (i.e., administrator), then specify the password. Console(config)#username bob access-level 15 Console(config)#username bob password 0 smith Console(config)# 4-35 Configuring Local/Remote Logon Authentication Use the Authentication Settings menu to restrict management access based on specified user names and passwords.
USER AUTHENTICATION Command Usage • By default, management access is always checked against the authentication database stored on the local switch. If a remote authentication server is used, you must specify the authentication sequence and the corresponding parameters for the remote authentication protocol. Local and remote logon authentication control management access via the console port, web browser, or Telnet.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • RADIUS Settings • - Global – Provides globally applicable RADIUS settings. - ServerIndex – Specifies one of five RADIUS servers that may be configured. The switch attempts authentication using the listed sequence of servers. The process ends when a server either approves or denies access to a user. - Server IP Address – Address of authentication server. (Default: 10.1.0.1) - Server Port Number – Network (UDP) port of authentication server used for authentication messages.
USER AUTHENTICATION Web – Click Security, Authentication Settings. To configure local or remote authentication preferences, specify the authentication sequence (i.e., one to three methods), fill in the parameters for RADIUS or TACACS+ authentication if selected, and click Apply.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – Specify all the required parameters to enable logon authentication. Console(config)#authentication login radius Console(config)#radius-server port 181 Console(config)#radius-server key green Console(config)#radius-server retransmit 5 Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 Console(config)#radius-server 1 host 192.168.1.
USER AUTHENTICATION • • • When you start HTTPS, the connection is established in this way: - The client authenticates the server using the server’s digital certificate. - The client and server negotiate a set of security protocols to use for the connection. - The client and server generate session keys for encrypting and decrypting data. The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Security, HTTPS Settings. Enable HTTPS and specify the port number, then click Apply. Figure 3-26 HTTPS Settings CLI – This example enables the HTTP secure server and modifies the port number.
USER AUTHENTICATION When you have obtained these, place them on your TFTP server, and use the following command at the switch's command-line interface to replace the default (unrecognized) certificate with an authorized one: Console#copy tftp https-certificate TFTP server ip address: Source certificate file name: Source private file name: Private password: 4-86 Note: The switch must be reset for the new certific
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Command Usage The SSH server on this switch supports both password and public key authentication. If password authentication is specified by the SSH client, then the password can be authenticated either locally or via a RADIUS or TACACS+ remote authentication server, as specified on the Authentication Settings page (page 3-50).
USER AUTHENTICATION 3. Import Client’s Public Key to the Switch – Use the copy tftp public-key command (page 4-86) to copy a file containing the public key for all the SSH client’s granted management access to the switch. (Note that these clients must be configured locally on the switch via the User Accounts page as described on page 3-48.) The clients are subsequently authenticated using these keys.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent. If the two sets match, this means that the client's private key corresponds to an authorized public key, and the client is authenticated. Notes: 1. To use SSH with only password authentication, the host public key must still be given to the client, either during initial connection or manually entered into the known host file. However, you do not need to configure the client’s keys. 2.
USER AUTHENTICATION the client to select either DES (56-bit) or 3DES (168-bit) for data encryption. • Save Host-Key from Memory to Flash – Saves the host key from RAM (i.e., volatile memory to flash memory. Otherwise, the host key pair is stored to RAM by default. Note that you must select this item prior to generating the host-key pair. • Generate – This button is used to generate the host key pair.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example generates a host-key pair using both the RSA and DSA algorithms, stores the keys to flash memory, and then displays the host’s public keys.
USER AUTHENTICATION fails and the client has to restart the authentication process. (Range: 1-5 times; Default: 3) • SSH Server-Key Size – Specifies the SSH server key size. (Range: 512-896 bits; Default:768) - The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch. - The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits. Web – Click Security, SSH, Settings. Enable SSH and adjust the authentication parameters as required, then click Apply.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example enables SSH, sets the authentication parameters, and displays the current configuration. It shows that the administrator has made a connection via SHH, and then disables this connection. Console(config)#ip ssh server 4-49 Console(config)#ip ssh timeout 100 4-50 Console(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 5 4-51 Console(config)#ip ssh server-key size 512 4-51 Console(config)#end Console#show ip ssh 4-55 SSH Enabled - version 2.
USER AUTHENTICATION already in the address table will be retained and will not age out. Any other device that attempts to use the port will be prevented from accessing the switch. Command Usage • • • A secure port has the following restrictions: - It cannot use port monitoring. - It cannot be a multi-VLAN port. - It cannot be used as a member of a static or dynamic trunk. - It should not be connected to a network interconnection device.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Security, Port Security. Set the action to take when an invalid address is detected on a port, mark the checkbox in the Status column to enable security for a port, set the maximum number of MAC addresses allowed on a port, and click Apply.
USER AUTHENTICATION This switch uses the Extensible 802.1x Authentication client Protocol over LANs (EAPOL) to 1. Client attempts to access a switch port. 2. Switch sends client an identity request. exchange 3. Client sends back identity information. RADIUS 4. Switch forwards this to authentication server. server authentication 5. Authentication server challenges client. 6. Client responds with proper credentials. protocol messages 7. Authentication server approves access. 8.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • The RADIUS server and 802.1X client support EAP. (The switch only supports EAPOL in order to pass the EAP packets from the server to the client.) • The RADIUS server and client also have to support the same EAP authentication type – MD5. (Some clients have native support in Windows, otherwise the dot1x client must support it.) Displaying 802.1X Global Settings The 802.1X protocol provides client authentication. Command Attributes 802.
USER AUTHENTICATION CLI – This example shows the default global setting for 802.1X. Console#show dot1x Global 802.1X Parameters system-auth-control: enable 4-112 802.1X Port Summary Port Name Status 1/1 disabled 1/2 disabled . . . 802.1X Port Details Operation Mode Single-Host Single-Host Mode ForceAuthorized ForceAuthorized Authorized n/a n/a 802.1X is disabled on port 1/1 802.1X is disabled on port 26 . . . Console# Configuring 802.1X Global Settings The 802.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example enables 802.1X globally for the switch. Console(config)#dot1x system-auth-control Console(config)# 4-107 Configuring Port Settings for 802.1X When 802.1X is enabled, you need to configure the parameters for the authentication process that runs between the client and the switch (i.e., authenticator), as well as the client identity lookup process that runs between the switch and authentication server. These parameters are described in this section.
USER AUTHENTICATION • Max-Req – Sets the maximum number of times the switch port will retransmit an EAP request packet to the client before it times out the authentication session. (Range: 1-10; Default 2) • Quiet Period – Sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. (Range: 1-65535 seconds; Default: 60 seconds) • Re-authen Period – Sets the time period after which a connected client must be re-authenticated.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example sets the 802.1X parameters on port 2. For a description of the additional fields displayed in this example, see “show dot1x” on page 4-112.
USER AUTHENTICATION Displaying 802.1X Statistics This switch can display statistics for dot1x protocol exchanges for any port. Table 3-5 802.1X Statistics Parameter Description Rx EAPOL Start The number of EAPOL Start frames that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAPOL Logoff The number of EAPOL Logoff frames that have been received by this Authenticator. Rx EAPOL Invalid The number of EAPOL frames that have been received by this Authenticator in which the frame type is not recognized.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Select Security, 802.1X, Statistics. Select the required port and then click Query. Click Refresh to update the statistics. Figure 3-33 Displaying 802.1X Port Statistics CLI – This example displays the 802.1X statistics for port 4.
USER AUTHENTICATION Filtering Addresses for Management Access You create a list of up to 16 IP addresses or IP address groups that are allowed management access to the switch through the web interface, SNMP, or Telnet. Command Usage • The management interfaces are open to all IP addresses by default. Once you add an entry to a filter list, access to that interface is restricted to the specified addresses.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Start IP Address – A single IP address, or the starting address of a range. • End IP Address – The end address of a range. • Add/Remove Filtering Entry – Adds/removes an IP address from the list. Web – Click Security, IP Filter. Enter the IP addresses or range of addresses that are allowed management access to an interface, and click Add IP Filtering Entry to update the filter list.
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS CLI – This example allows SNMP access for a specific client. Console(config)#management snmp-client 10.1.2.3 Console(config)#end Console#show management all-client Management IP Filter HTTP-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.254 4-38 SNMP-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 10.1.2.3 10.1.2.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Command Usage The following restrictions apply to ACLs: • • • • Each ACL can have up to 32 rules. The maximum number of ACLs is 88. However, due to resource restrictions, the average number of rules bound to the ports should not exceed 20. This switch supports ACLs for ingress filtering only. However, you can only bind one IP ACL to any port and one MAC ACL globally for ingress filtering. In other words, only two ACLs can be bound to an interface - Ingress IP ACL and Ingress MAC ACL.
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS - MAC: MAC ACL mode that filters packets based on the source or destination MAC address and the Ethernet frame type (RFC 1060). Web – Click Security, ACL, Configuration. Enter an ACL name in the Name field, select the list type (IP Standard, IP Extended, or MAC), and click Add to open the configuration page for the new list. Figure 3-35 Selecting ACL Type CLI – This example creates a standard IP ACL named david.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Configuring a Standard IP ACL Command Attributes 3-80 • Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules. • Address Type – Specifies the source IP address. Use “Any” to include all possible addresses, “Host” to specify a specific host address in the Address field, or “IP” to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any) • IP Address – Source IP address.
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address. If you select “IP,” enter a subnet address and the mask for an address range. Then click Add. Figure 3-36 ACL Configuration - Standard IP CLI – This example configures one permit rule for the specific address 10.1.1.21 and another rule for the address range 168.92.16.x – 168.92.31.x using a bitmask. Console(config-std-acl)#permit host 10.1.1.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH to specify a range of addresses with the Address and SubMask fields. (Options: Any, Host, IP; Default: Any) • Source/Destination Address – Source or destination IP address. • Source/Destination Subnet Mask – Subnet mask for source or destination address. (See the description for Subnet Mask on page 3-80.) • Service Type – Packet priority settings based on the following criteria: - Precedence – IP precedence level. (Range: 0-7) - TOS – Type of Service level.
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS For example, use the code value and mask below to catch packets with the following flags set: - SYN flag valid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 2 Both SYN and ACK valid, use control-code 18, control bitmask 18 SYN valid and ACK invalid, use control-code 2, control bitmask 18 Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or IP). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH 3. Permit all TCP packets from class C addresses 192.168.1.0 with the TCP control code set to “SYN.” Console(config-ext-acl)#permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any 4-120 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any destination-port 80 Console(config-ext-acl)#permit tcp 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any control-flag 2 2 Console(config-std-acl)# Configuring a MAC ACL Command Attributes 3-84 • Action – An ACL can contain any combination of permit or deny rules.
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS Web – Specify the action (i.e., Permit or Deny). Specify the source and/or destination addresses. Select the address type (Any, Host, or MAC). If you select “Host,” enter a specific address (e.g., 11-22-33-44-55-66). If you select “MAC,” enter a base address and a hexidecimal bitmask for an address range. Set any other required criteria, such as VID or Ethernet type. Then click Add.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Binding a Port to an Access Control List After configuring Access Control Lists (ACL), you should bind them to the ports that need to filter traffic. You can assign one IP access list to any port, but you can only assign one MAC access list to all the ports on the switch. Command Usage This switch only supports ACLs for ingress filtering. You can only bind one IP ACL to any port, and one MAC ACL globally, for ingress filtering.
ACCESS CONTROL LISTS Web – Click Security, ACL, Port Binding. Mark the Enabled field for the port you want to bind to an ACL, select the required ACL from the drop-down list, then click Apply. Figure 3-39 Binding a Port to an ACL CLI – This example assigns an IP and MAC access list to port 1, and an IP access list to port 3.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Port Configuration Displaying Connection Status You can use the Port Information or Trunk Information pages to display the current connection status, including link state, speed/duplex mode, flow control, and auto-negotiation. Field Attributes (Web) • Name – Interface label. • Type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP) • Admin Status – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled. • Oper Status – Indicates if the link is Up or Down.
PORT CONFIGURATION Web – Click Port, Port Information or Trunk Information. Figure 3-40 Displaying Port/Trunk Information Field Attributes (CLI) Basic Information: • Port type – Indicates the port type. (100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, or SFP) • MAC address – The physical layer address for this port. (To access this item on the web, see “Setting the Switch’s IP Address” on page 3-17.) Configuration: • Name – Interface label. • Port admin – Shows if the interface is enabled or disabled (i.e., up or down).
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH - 10full - Supports 10 Mbps full-duplex operation 100half - Supports 100 Mbps half-duplex operation 100full - Supports 100 Mbps full-duplex operation 1000full - Supports 1000 Mbps full-duplex operation Sym - Transmits and receives pause frames for flow control FC - Supports flow control • Broadcast storm – Shows if broadcast storm control is enabled or disabled. • Broadcast storm limit – Shows the broadcast storm threshold.
PORT CONFIGURATION CLI – This example shows the connection status for Port 5.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Autonegotiation (Port Capabilities) – Allows auto-negotiation to be enabled/disabled. When auto-negotiation is enabled, you need to specify the capabilities to be advertised. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you can force the settings for speed, mode, and flow control.The following capabilities are supported.
PORT CONFIGURATION Web – Click Port, Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration. Modify the required interface settings, and click Apply. Figure 3-41 Port/Trunk Configuration CLI – Select the interface, and then enter the required settings. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/13 Console(config-if)#description RD SW#13 Console(config-if)#shutdown . Console(config-if)#no shutdown Console(config-if)#no negotiation Console(config-if)#speed-duplex 100half Console(config-if)#flowcontrol .
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. You can configure any number of ports on the switch as LACP, as long as they are not already configured as part of a static trunk. If ports on another device are also configured as LACP, the switch and the other device will negotiate a trunk link between them. If an LACP trunk consists of more than eight ports, all other ports will be placed in a standby mode.
PORT CONFIGURATION Statically Configuring a Trunk Command Usage • When configuring static trunks, you may not be able to link switches of different types, depending on the manufacturer’s implementation. However, note that the static trunks on this switch are Cisco EtherChannel compatible.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Port, Trunk Membership. Enter a trunk ID of 1-4 in the Trunk field, select any of the switch ports from the scroll-down port list, and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply.
PORT CONFIGURATION CLI – This example creates trunk 2 with ports 1 and 2. Just connect these ports to two static trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • A trunk formed with another switch using LACP will automatically be assigned the next available trunk ID. • If more than eight ports attached to the same target switch have LACP enabled, the additional ports will be placed in standby mode, and will only be enabled if one of the active links fails. • All ports on both ends of an LACP trunk must be configured for full duplex, either by forced mode or auto-negotiation.
PORT CONFIGURATION CLI – The following example enables LACP for ports 1 to 6. Just connect these ports to LACP-enabled trunk ports on another switch to form a trunk. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-143 Console(config-if)#lacp 4-164 Console(config-if)#exit . . .
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Note: If the port channel admin key (lacp admin key, page 4-168) is not set (through the CLI) when a channel group is formed (i.e., it has a null value of 0), this key is set to the same value as the port admin key used by the interfaces that joined the group (lacp admin key, as described in this section and on page 4-167). Command Attributes Set Port Actor – This menu sets the local side of an aggregate link; i.e., the ports on this switch. • Port – Port number.
PORT CONFIGURATION Web – Click Port, LACP, Aggregation Port. Set the System Priority, Admin Key, and Port Priority for the Port Actor. You can optionally configure these settings for the Port Partner. (Be aware that these settings only affect the administrative state of the partner, and will not take effect until the next time an aggregate link is formed with this device.) After you have completed setting the port LACP parameters, click Apply.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – The following example configures LACP parameters for ports 1-4. Ports 1-4 are used as active members of the LAG. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 4-143 Console(config-if)#lacp actor system-priority 3 4-166 Console(config-if)#lacp actor admin-key 120 4-167 Console(config-if)#lacp actor port-priority 128 4-169 Console(config-if)#exit . . .
PORT CONFIGURATION Displaying LACP Port Counters You can display statistics for LACP protocol messages. Table 3-6 LACP Port Counters Field Description LACPDUs Sent Number of valid LACPDUs transmitted from this channel group. LACPDUs Received Number of valid LACPDUs received on this channel group. Marker Sent Number of valid Marker PDUs transmitted from this channel group. Marker Received Number of valid Marker PDUs received by this channel group.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – The following example displays LACP counters. Console#show lacp counters 4-170 Port channel : 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Sent: 91 LACPDUs Receive: 43 Marker Sent: 0 Marker Receive: 0 LACPDUs Unknown Pkts: 0 LACPDUs Illegal Pkts: 0 . . .
PORT CONFIGURATION Table 3-7 LACP Internal Configuration Information (Continued) Field Description Admin State, Oper State Administrative or operational values of the actor’s state parameters: • Expired – The actor’s receive machine is in the expired state; • Defaulted – The actor’s receive machine is using defaulted operational partner information, administratively configured for the partner. • Distributing – If false, distribution of outgoing frames on this link is disabled; i.e.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Internal Information. Select a port channel to display the corresponding information. Figure 3-46 LACP - Port Internal Information CLI – The following example displays the LACP configuration settings and operational state for the local side of port channel 1.
PORT CONFIGURATION Displaying LACP Settings and Status for the Remote Side You can display configuration settings and the operational state for the remote side of an link aggregation. Table 3-8 LACP Neighbor Configuration Information Field Description Partner Admin System ID LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the user. Partner Oper System LAG partner’s system ID assigned by the LACP protocol. ID Partner Admin Port Number Current administrative value of the port number for the protocol Partner.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Port, LACP, Port Neighbors Information. Select a port channel to display the corresponding information. Figure 3-47 LACP - Port Neighbors Information CLI – The following example displays the LACP configuration settings and operational state for the remote side of port channel 1.
PORT CONFIGURATION Setting Broadcast Storm Thresholds Broadcast storms may occur when a device on your network is malfunctioning, or if application programs are not well designed or properly configured. If there is too much broadcast traffic on your network, performance can be severely degraded or everything can come to complete halt. You can protect your network from broadcast storms by setting a threshold for broadcast traffic. Any broadcast packets exceeding the specified threshold will then be dropped.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Port, Port/Trunk Broadcast Control. Set the threshold, mark the Enabled field for the desired interface and click Apply.
PORT CONFIGURATION CLI – Specify any interface, and then enter the threshold. The following disables broadcast storm control for port 1, and then sets broadcast suppression at 600 octets per second for port 2 (which applies to all ports).
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Command Attributes • Mirror Sessions – Displays a list of current mirror sessions. • Source Unit – The unit whose port traffic will be monitored. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) • Source Port – The port whose traffic will be monitored. (Range: 1-26/50) • Type – Allows you to select which traffic to mirror to the target port, Rx (receive), or Tx (transmit).
PORT CONFIGURATION CLI – Use the interface command to select the monitor port, then use the port monitor command to specify the source port and traffic type. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/10 Console(config-if)#port monitor ethernet 1/13 tx Console(config-if)# 4-143 4-156 Configuring Rate Limits This function allows the network manager to control the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on a port.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Port, Rate Limit, Granularity. Select the required rate limit granularity for Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, and click apply. Figure 3-50 Rate Limit Granularity Configuration CLI - This example sets and displays Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet granularity.
PORT CONFIGURATION Web – Click Port, Rate Limit, Input/Output Port/Trunk Configuration. Enable the Rate Limit Status for the required interfaces, set the Rate Limit Level, and click Apply. Figure 3-51 Output Rate Limit Port Configuration CLI - This example sets the rate limit level for input and output traffic passing through port 3.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Note: RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software such as SMC EliteView. Table 3-9 Port Statistics Parameter Description Interface Statistics 3-116 Received Octets The total number of octets received on the interface, including framing characters. Received Unicast Packets The number of subnetwork-unicast packets delivered to a higher-layer protocol.
PORT CONFIGURATION Table 3-9 Port Statistics (Continued) Parameter Description Transmit Multicast Packets The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted, and which were addressed to a multicast address at this sub-layer, including those that were discarded or not sent.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Table 3-9 Port Statistics (Continued) Parameter Description Multiple Collision Frames A count of successfully transmitted frames for which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision. Carrier Sense Errors The number of times that the carrier sense condition was lost or never asserted when attempting to transmit a frame. SQE Test Errors A count of times that the SQE TEST ERROR message is generated by the PLS sublayer for a particular interface.
PORT CONFIGURATION Table 3-9 Port Statistics (Continued) Parameter Description Multicast Frames The total number of good frames received that were directed to this multicast address. CRC/Alignment Errors The number of CRC/alignment errors (FCS or alignment errors). Undersize Frames The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets long (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click Port, Port Statistics. Select the required interface, and click Query. You can also use the Refresh button at the bottom of the page to update the screen.
PORT CONFIGURATION CLI – This example shows statistics for port 13.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Address Table Settings Switches store the addresses for all known devices. This information is used to pass traffic directly between the inbound and outbound ports. All the addresses learned by monitoring traffic are stored in the dynamic address table. You can also manually configure static addresses that are bound to a specific port. Setting Static Addresses A static address can be assigned to a specific interface on this switch.
ADDRESS TABLE SETTINGS Web – Click Address Table, Static Addresses. Specify the interface, the MAC address and VLAN, then click Add Static Address. Figure 3-53 Configuring a Static Address Table CLI – This example adds an address to the static address table, but sets it to be deleted when the switch is reset.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Displaying the Address Table The Dynamic Address Table contains the MAC addresses learned by monitoring the source address for traffic entering the switch. When the destination address for inbound traffic is found in the database, the packets intended for that address are forwarded directly to the associated port. Otherwise, the traffic is flooded to all ports. Command Attributes 3-124 • Interface – Indicates a port or trunk.
ADDRESS TABLE SETTINGS Web – Click Address Table, Dynamic Addresses. Specify the search type (i.e., mark the Interface, MAC Address, or VLAN checkbox), select the method of sorting the displayed addresses, and then click Query. Figure 3-54 Configuring a Dynamic Address Table CLI – This example also displays the address table entries for port 1.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Changing the Aging Time You can set the aging time for entries in the dynamic address table. Command Attributes • Aging Status – Enables/disables the function. • Aging Time – The time after which a learned entry is discarded. (Range: 10-30000 seconds; Default: 300 seconds) Web – Click Address Table, Address Aging. Specify the new aging time, click Apply. Figure 3-55 Setting the Address Aging Time CLI – This example sets the aging time to 400 seconds.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION The spanning tree algorithms supported by this switch include these versions: • STP – Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D) • RSTP – Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w) STA uses a distributed algorithm to select a bridging device (STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) that serves as the root of the spanning tree network.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH that can be used when a node or port fails, and retaining the forwarding database for ports insensitive to changes in the tree structure when reconfiguration occurs. Displaying Global Settings You can display a summary of the current bridge STA information that applies to the entire switch using the STA Information screen. Field Attributes 3-128 • Spanning Tree State – Shows if the switch is enabled to participate in an STA-compliant network.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION • • • Designated Root – The priority and MAC address of the device in the Spanning Tree that this switch has accepted as the root device. - Root Port – The number of the port on this switch that is closest to the root. This switch communicates with the root device through this port. If there is no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root device of the Spanning Tree network.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Root Forward Delay – The maximum time (in seconds) this device will wait before changing states (i.e., discarding to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a discarding state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION CLI – This command displays global STA settings, followed by settings for each port. Console#show spanning-tree 4-193 Spanning-tree information --------------------------------------------------------------Spanning tree mode :RSTP Spanning tree enable/disable :enabled Priority :32768 Bridge Hello Time (sec.) :2 Bridge Max Age (sec.) :20 Bridge Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Root Hello Time (sec.) :2 Root Max Age (sec.) :20 Root Forward Delay (sec.) :15 Designated Root :32768.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Configuring Global Settings Global settings apply to the entire switch. Command Usage • Spanning Tree Protocol8 Uses RSTP for the internal state machine, but sends only 802.1D BPDUs. • Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol8 RSTP supports connections to either STP or RSTP nodes by monitoring the incoming protocol messages and dynamically adjusting the type of protocol messages the RSTP node transmits, as described below: - STP Mode – If the switch receives an 802.1D BPDU (i.e.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION • Priority – Bridge priority is used in selecting the root device, root port, and designated port. The device with the highest priority becomes the STA root device. However, if all devices have the same priority, the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device. (Note that lower numeric values indicate higher priority.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Forward Delay – The maximum time (in seconds) this device will wait before changing states (i.e., discarding to learning to forwarding). This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward frames. In addition, each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a discarding state; otherwise, temporary data loops might result. - Default: 15 - Minimum: The higher of 4 or [(Max.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION Web – Click Spanning Tree, STA, Configuration. Modify the required attributes, and click Apply. Figure 3-57 STA Configuration CLI – This example enables Spanning Tree Protocol, sets the mode to RSTP, and then configures the STA and RSTP parameters.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Displaying Interface Settings The STA Port Information and STA Trunk Information pages display the current status of ports and trunks in the Spanning Tree. Field Attributes • Spanning Tree – Shows if STA has been enabled on this interface. • STA Status – Displays current state of this port within the Spanning Tree: - Discarding - Port receives STA configuration messages, but does not forward packets.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION • Designated Port – The port priority and number of the port on the designated bridging device through which this switch must communicate with the root of the Spanning Tree. • Oper Link Type – The operational point-to-point status of the LAN segment attached to this interface. This parameter is determined by manual configuration or by auto-detection, as described for Admin Link Type in STA Port Configuration on page 3-140.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH R A x • Backup port receives more useful BPDUs from the same bridge and is therefore not selected as the designated port. R D B Trunk Member – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. (STA Port Information only) These additional parameters are only displayed for the CLI: 3-138 • Admin status – Shows if this interface is enabled. • Path cost – This parameter is used by the STA to determine the best path between devices.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION • Admin Edge Port – You can enable this option if an interface is attached to a LAN segment that is at the end of a bridged LAN or to an end node. Since end nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass directly through to the spanning tree forwarding state.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example shows the STA attributes for port 5. Console#show spanning-tree ethernet 1/5 4-193 Eth 1/ 5 information -------------------------------------------------------------Admin status : enabled Role : designate State : discarding Path cost : 10000 Priority : 128 Designated cost : 0 Designated port : 128.5 Designated root : 61440.0.0000E9313131 Designated bridge : 61440.0.
SPANNING TREE ALGORITHM CONFIGURATION • contradictory information. Port address table is cleared, and the port begins learning addresses. - Forwarding - Port forwards packets, and continues learning addresses. Trunk – Indicates if a port is a member of a trunk. (STA Port Configuration only) The following interface attributes can be configured: • Spanning Tree – Enables/disables STA on this interface. (Default: Enabled).
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH - Default – - Ethernet – Half duplex: 2,000,000; full duplex: 1,000,000; trunk: 500,000 - Fast Ethernet – Half duplex: 200,000; full duplex: 100,000; trunk: 50,000 - Gigabit Ethernet – Full duplex: 10,000; trunk: 5,000 • Admin Link Type – The link type attached to this interface. - Point-to-Point – A connection to exactly one other bridge. - Shared – A connection to two or more bridges.
VLAN CONFIGURATION Web – Click Spanning Tree, STA, Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration. Modify the required attributes, then click Apply. Figure 3-59 STA Port Configuration CLI – This example sets STA attributes for port 7.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH VLANs help to simplify network management by allowing you to move devices to a new VLAN without having to change any physical connections. VLANs can be easily organized to reflect departmental groups (such as Marketing or R&D), usage groups (such as e-mail), or multicast groups (used for multimedia applications such as videoconferencing).
VLAN CONFIGURATION Note: VLAN-tagged frames can pass through VLAN-aware or VLAN-unaware network interconnection devices, but the VLAN tags should be stripped off before passing it on to any end-node host that does not support VLAN tagging. tagged frames VA VA VA: VLAN Aware VU: VLAN Unaware tagged frames VA untagged frames VA VU VLAN Classification – When the switch receives a frame, it classifies the frame in one of two ways.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Automatic VLAN Registration – GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol) defines a system whereby the switch can automatically learn the VLANs to which each end station should be assigned. If an end station (or its network adapter) supports the IEEE 802.1Q VLAN protocol, it can be configured to broadcast a message to your network indicating the VLAN groups it wants to join.
VLAN CONFIGURATION Port-based VLAN 2 1 9 10 11 3 4 5 13 12 6 15 16 14 7 8 18 19 Forwarding Tagged/Untagged Frames If you want to create a small port-based VLAN for devices attached directly to a single switch, you can assign ports to the same untagged VLAN. However, to participate in a VLAN group that crosses several switches, you should create a VLAN for that group and enable tagging on all ports. Ports can be assigned to multiple tagged or untagged VLANs.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Enabling or Disabling GVRP (Global Setting) GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register VLAN members on ports across the network. VLANs are dynamically configured based on join messages issued by host devices and propagated throughout the network. GVRP must be enabled to permit automatic VLAN registration, and to support VLANs which extend beyond the local switch. (Default: Disabled) Web – Click VLAN, 802.
VLAN CONFIGURATION • Maximum Number of Supported VLANs – Maximum number of VLANs that can be configured on this switch. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Basic Information. Figure 3-61 VLAN Basic Information CLI – Enter the following command.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • Status – Shows how this VLAN was added to the switch. - Dynamic GVRP: Automatically learned via GVRP. - Permanent: Added as a static entry. • Egress Ports – Shows all the VLAN port members. • Untagged Ports – Shows the untagged VLAN port members. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Current Table. Select any ID from the scroll-down list. Figure 3-62 Displaying Current VLANs Command Attributes (CLI) 3-150 • VLAN – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094, no leading zeroes).
VLAN CONFIGURATION • Status – Shows if this VLAN is enabled or disabled. - Active: VLAN is operational. - Suspend: VLAN is suspended; i.e., does not pass packets. • Ports / Channel groups – Shows the VLAN interface members. CLI – Current VLAN information can be displayed with the following command.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • State (CLI) – Enables or disables the specified VLAN. - Active: VLAN is operational. - Suspend: VLAN is suspended; i.e., does not pass packets. • Add – Adds a new VLAN group to the current list. • Remove – Removes a VLAN group from the current list. If any port is assigned to this group as untagged, it will be reassigned to VLAN group 1 as untagged. Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Static List.
VLAN CONFIGURATION Adding Static Members to VLANs (VLAN Index) Use the VLAN Static Table to configure port members for the selected VLAN index. Assign ports as tagged if they are connected to 802.1Q VLAN compliant devices, or untagged they are not connected to any VLAN-aware devices. Or configure a port as forbidden to prevent the switch from automatically adding it to a VLAN via the GVRP protocol. Notes: 1.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH • • 3-154 Membership Type – Select VLAN membership for each interface by marking the appropriate radio button for a port or trunk: - Tagged: Interface is a member of the VLAN. All packets transmitted by the port will be tagged, that is, carry a tag and therefore carry VLAN or CoS information. - Untagged: Interface is a member of the VLAN. All packets transmitted by the port will be untagged, that is, not carry a tag and therefore not carry VLAN or CoS information.
VLAN CONFIGURATION Web – Click VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Static Table. Select a VLAN ID from the scroll-down list. Modify the VLAN name and status if required. Select the membership type by marking the appropriate radio button in the list of ports or trunks. Click Apply. Figure 3-64 Configuring a VLAN Static Table CLI – The following example adds tagged and untagged ports to VLAN 2.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Adding Static Members to VLANs (Port Index) Use the VLAN Static Membership by Port menu to assign VLAN groups to the selected interface as a tagged member. Command Attributes • Interface – Port or trunk identifier. • Member – VLANs for which the selected interface is a tagged member. • Non-Member – VLANs for which the selected interface is not a tagged member. Web – Open VLAN, 802.1Q VLAN, Static Membership by Port. Select an interface from the scroll-down box (Port or Trunk).
VLAN CONFIGURATION Configuring VLAN Behavior for Interfaces You can configure VLAN behavior for specific interfaces, including the default VLAN identifier (PVID), accepted frame types, ingress filtering, GVRP status, and GARP timers. Command Usage • GVRP – GARP VLAN Registration Protocol defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to automatically register VLAN members on interfaces across the network.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH - Ingress filtering only affects tagged frames. - If ingress filtering is disabled and a port receives frames tagged for VLANs for which it is not a member, these frames will be flooded to all other ports (except for those VLANs explicitly forbidden on this port). - If ingress filtering is enabled and a port receives frames tagged for VLANs for which it is not a member, these frames will be discarded.
VLAN CONFIGURATION • • Mode – Indicates VLAN membership mode for an interface. (Default: Hybrid) - 1Q Trunk – Specifies a port as an end-point for a VLAN trunk. A trunk is a direct link between two switches, so the port transmits tagged frames that identify the source VLAN. Note that frames belonging to the port’s default VLAN (i.e., associated with the PVID) are also transmitted as tagged frames. - Hybrid – Specifies a hybrid VLAN interface. The port may transmit tagged or untagged frames.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example sets port 3 to accept only tagged frames, assigns PVID 3 as the native VLAN ID, enables GVRP, sets the GARP timers, and then sets the switchport mode to hybrid.
VLAN CONFIGURATION 2. Use the Private VLAN Association menu (page 3-164) to map the secondary (i.e., community) VLAN(s) to the primary VLAN. 3. Use the Private VLAN Port Configuration menu (page 3-166) to set the port type to promiscuous (i.e., having access to all ports in the primary VLAN), or host (i.e., having access restricted to community VLAN members, and channeling all other traffic through promiscuous ports). Then assign any promiscuous ports to a primary VLAN and any host ports a community VLAN.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click VLAN, Private VLAN, Information. Select the desired port from the VLAN ID drop-down menu. Figure 3-67 Private VLAN Information CLI – This example shows the switch configured with primary VLAN 5 and secondary VLAN 6. Port 3 has been configured as a promiscuous port and mapped to VLAN 5, while ports 4 and 5 have been configured as a host ports and are associated with VLAN 6. This means that traffic for port 4 and 5 can only pass through port 3.
VLAN CONFIGURATION Configuring Private VLANs The Private VLAN Configuration page is used to create/remove primary, community, or isolated VLANs. Command Attributes • VLAN ID – ID of configured VLAN (1-4094). • Type – There are three types of private VLANs: - Primary VLANs – Conveys traffic between promiscuous ports, and to community ports within secondary (or community) VLANs. - Community VLANs - Conveys traffic between community ports, and to their promiscuous ports in the associated primary VLAN.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – This example configures VLAN 5 as a primary VLAN, and VLAN 6 as a community VLAN and VLAN 7 as an isolated VLAN. Console(config)#vlan database Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 5 primary Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 6 community Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 7 isolated Console(config-vlan)# 4-195 4-208 Associating VLANs Each community VLAN must be associated with a primary VLAN. Command Attributes • Primary VLAN ID – ID of primary VLAN (1-4094).
VLAN CONFIGURATION CLI – This example associates community VLANs 6 and 7 with primary VLAN 5. Console(config)#vlan database Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 5 association 6 Console(config-vlan)#private-vlan 5 association 7 Console(config-vlan)# 4-195 4-208 4-208 Displaying Private VLAN Interface Information Use the Private VLAN Port Information and Private VLAN Trunk Information menus to display the interfaces associated with private VLANs. Command Attributes • Port/Trunk – The switch interface.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click VLAN, Private VLAN, Port Information or Trunk Information. Figure 3-70 Private VLAN Port Information CLI – This example shows the switch configured with primary VLAN 5 and community VLAN 6. Port 3 has been configured as a promiscuous port and mapped to VLAN 5, while ports 4 and 5 have been configured as host ports and associated with VLAN 6. This means that traffic for port 4 and 5 can only pass through port 3.
VLAN CONFIGURATION - Host – The port is a community port or an isolated port. A community port can communicate with other ports in its own community VLAN and with designated promiscuous port(s). An isolated port can only communicate with the single designated promiscuous port in the isolated VLAN; it cannot communicate with any other host ports. - Promiscuous – A promiscuous port can communicate with all interfaces within a private VLAN.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click VLAN, Private VLAN, Port Configuration or Trunk Configuration. Set the PVLAN Port Type for each port that will join a private VLAN. Assign promiscuous ports to a primary or isolated VLAN. Assign host ports to a community or isolated VLAN. After all the ports have been configured, click Apply. Figure 3-71 Private VLAN Port Configuration CLI – This example shows the switch configured with primary VLAN 5 and secondary VLAN 6.
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION Class of Service Configuration Class of Service (CoS) allows you to specify which data packets have greater precedence when traffic is buffered in the switch due to congestion. This switch supports CoS with four priority queues for each port. Data packets in a port’s high-priority queue will be transmitted before those in the lower-priority queues.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Command Attributes • Default Priority11 – The priority that is assigned to untagged frames received on the specified interface. (Range: 0-7, Default: 0) • Number of Egress Traffic Classes – The number of queue buffers provided for each port. Web – Click Priority, Default Port Priority or Default Trunk Priority. Modify the default priority for any interface, then click Apply. Figure 3-72 Port Priority Configuration CLI – This example assigns a default priority of 5 to port 3.
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues This switch processes Class of Service (CoS) priority tagged traffic by using four priority queues for each port, with service schedules based on strict or Weighted Round Robin (WRR). Up to eight separate traffic priorities are defined in IEEE 802.1p. The default priority levels are assigned according to recommendations in the IEEE 802.1p standard as shown in the following table.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Command Attributes • Priority – CoS value. (Range: 0-7, where 7 is the highest priority) • Traffic Class12 – Output queue buffer. (Range: 0-3, where 3 is the highest CoS priority queue) Web – Click Priority, Traffic Classes. The current mapping of CoS values to output queues is displayed. Assign priorities to the traffic classes (i.e., output queues), then click Apply. Figure 3-73 Traffic Classes CLI – The following example shows how to change the CoS assignments.
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION Selecting the Queue Mode You can set the switch to service the queues based on a strict rule that requires all traffic in a higher priority queue to be processed before lower priority queues are serviced, or use Weighted Round-Robin (WRR) queuing that specifies a relative weight of each queue. WRR uses a predefined relative weight for each queue that determines the percentage of service time the switch services each queue before moving on to the next queue.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Setting the Service Weight for Traffic Classes This switch uses the Weighted Round Robin (WRR) algorithm to determine the frequency at which it services each priority queue. As described in “Mapping CoS Values to Egress Queues” on page 3-171, the traffic classes are mapped to one of the four egress queues provided for each port. You can assign a weight to each of these queues (and thereby to the corresponding traffic priorities).
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION CLI – The following example shows how to assign WRR weights to each of the priority queues. Console(config)#queue bandwidth 6 9 12 Console(config)#exit Console#show queue bandwidth Queue ID Weight -------- -----0 1 1 6 2 9 3 12 Console 4-223 4-226 Layer 3/4 Priority Settings Mapping Layer 3/4 Priorities to CoS Values This switch supports several common methods of prioritizing layer 3/4 traffic to meet application requirements.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Selecting IP Precedence/DSCP Priority The switch allows you to choose between using IP Precedence or DSCP priority. Select one of the methods or disable this feature. Command Attributes • Disabled – Disables both priority services. (This is the default setting.) • IP Precedence – Maps layer 3/4 priorities using IP Precedence. • IP DSCP – Maps layer 3/4 priorities using Differentiated Services Code Point Mapping. Web – Click Priority, IP Precedence/DSCP Priority Status.
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION Table 3-12 Mapping IP Precedence Priority Level Traffic Type Priority Level Traffic Type 7 Network Control 3 Flash 6 Internetwork Control 2 Immediate 5 Critical 1 Priority 4 Flash Override 0 Routine Command Attributes • IP Precedence Priority Table – Shows the IP Precedence to CoS map. • Class of Service Value – Maps a CoS value to the selected IP Precedence value. Note that “0” represents low priority and “7” represent high priority.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – The following example globally enables IP Precedence service on the switch, maps IP Precedence value 1 to CoS value 0 (on port 1), and then displays the IP Precedence settings.
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION Table 3-13 Mapping DSCP Priority Values (Continued) IP DSCP Value CoS Value 18, 20, 22, 24 3 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 4 38, 40, 42 5 48 6 46, 56 7 Command Attributes • DSCP Priority Table – Shows the DSCP Priority to CoS map. • Class of Service Value – Maps a CoS value to the selected DSCP Priority value. Note that “0” represents low priority and “7” represent high priority. Note: IP DSCP settings apply to all interfaces. Web – Click Priority, IP DSCP Priority.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – The following example globally enables DSCP Priority service on the switch, maps DSCP value 0 to CoS value 1 (on port 1), and then displays the DSCP Priority settings. Console(config)#map ip dscp Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#map ip dscp 1 cos 0 Console(config-if)#end Console#show map ip dscp ethernet 1/1 DSCP mapping status: enabled 4-231 4-143 4-231 4-235 Port DSCP COS --------- ---- --Eth 1/ 1 0 0 Eth 1/ 1 1 0 Eth 1/ 1 2 0 Eth 1/ 1 3 0 . . .
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION Web – Click Priority, IP Port Priority Status. Set IP Port Priority Status to Enabled. Figure 3-79 IP Port Priority Status Click Priority, IP Port Priority. Enter the port number for a network application in the IP Port Number box and the new CoS value in the Class of Service box, and then click Apply.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH CLI – The following example globally enables IP Port Priority service on the switch, maps HTTP traffic on port 5 to CoS value 0, and then displays all the IP Port Priority settings for that port. Console(config)#map ip port Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#map ip port 80 cos 0 Console(config-if)#end Console#show map ip port ethernet 1/5 TCP port mapping status: enabled 4-228 4-228 4-228 Port Port no.
CLASS OF SERVICE CONFIGURATION • ACL CoS Priority Mapping – Displays the configured information. Web – Click Priority, ACL CoS Priority. Enable mapping for any port, select an ACL from the scroll-down list, then click Add. Figure 3-81 ACL CoS Priority CLI – This example assigns a CoS value of zero to packets matching rules within the specified ACL on port 24.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Multicast Filtering Multicasting is used to support real-time applications such as videoconferencing or streaming audio. A multicast server does not have to establish a separate connection with each client. It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any hosts that want to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch/router.
MULTICAST FILTERING Layer 2 IGMP (Snooping and Query) IGMP Snooping and Query – If multicast routing is not supported on other switches in your network, you can use IGMP Snooping and Query (page 3-185) to monitor IGMP service requests passing between multicast clients and servers, and dynamically configure the switch ports which need to forward multicast traffic. Static IGMP Router Interface – If IGMP snooping cannot locate the IGMP querier, you can manually designate a known IGMP querier (i.e.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH multicasting, one of these devices is elected “querier” and assumes the role of querying the LAN for group members. It then propagates the service requests on to any upstream multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service. Note: Multicast routers use this information, along with a multicast routing protocol such as DVMRP or PIM, to support IP multicasting across the Internet.
MULTICAST FILTERING Notes: 1. All systems on the subnet must support the same version. 2. Some attributes are only enabled for IGMPv2, including IGMP Report Delay and IGMP Query Timeout. Web – Click IGMP Snooping, IGMP Configuration. Adjust the IGMP settings as required, and then click Apply. (The default settings are shown below.) Figure 3-82 IGMP Configuration CLI – This example modifies the settings for multicast filtering, and then displays the current status.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Displaying Interfaces Attached to a Multicast Router Multicast routers that are attached to ports on the switch use information obtained from IGMP, along with a multicast routing protocol such as DVMRP or PIM, to support IP multicasting across the Internet. These routers may be dynamically discovered by the switch or statically assigned to an interface on the switch.
MULTICAST FILTERING CLI – This example shows that Port 11 has been statically configured as a port attached to a multicast router. Console#show ip igmp snooping mrouter vlan 1 VLAN M'cast Router Port Type ---- ------------------ ------1 Eth 1/11 Static Console# 4-246 Specifying Static Interfaces for a Multicast Router Depending on your network connections, IGMP snooping may not always be able to locate the IGMP querier.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Web – Click IGMP Snooping, Static Multicast Router Port Configuration. Specify the interfaces attached to a multicast router, indicate the VLAN which will forward all the corresponding multicast traffic, and then click Add. After you have finished adding interfaces to the list, click Apply. Figure 3-84 Static Multicast Router Port Configuration CLI – This example configures port 11 as a multicast router port within VLAN 1.
MULTICAST FILTERING Web – Click IGMP Snooping, IP Multicast Registration Table. Select a VLAN ID and the IP address for a multicast service from the scroll-down lists. The switch will display all the interfaces that are propagating this multicast service. Figure 3-85 IP Multicast Registration Table CLI – This example displays all the known multicast services supported on VLAN 1, along with the ports propagating the corresponding services.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH Assigning Ports to Multicast Services Multicast filtering can be dynamically configured using IGMP Snooping and IGMP Query messages as described in “Configuring IGMP snooping and Query Parameters” on page 3-133. For certain applications that require tighter control, you may need to statically configure a multicast service on the switch. First add all the ports attached to participating hosts to a common VLAN, and then assign the multicast service to that VLAN group.
MULTICAST FILTERING Web – Click IGMP Snooping, IGMP Member Port Table. Specify the interface attached to a multicast service (via an IGMP-enabled switch or multicast router), indicate the VLAN that will propagate the multicast service, specify the multicast IP address, and click Add. After you have completed adding ports to the member list, click Apply.
CONFIGURING THE SWITCH 3-194
CHAPTER 4 COMMAND LINE INTERFACE This chapter describes how to use the Command Line Interface (CLI). Note: You can only access the console interface through the Master unit in the stack. Using the Command Line Interface Accessing the CLI When accessing the management interface for the switch over a direct connection to the server’s console port, or via a Telnet connection, the switch can be managed by entering command keywords and parameters at the prompt.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 3. When finished, exit the session with the “quit” or “exit” command. After connecting to the system through the console port, the login screen displays: User Access Verification Username: admin Password: CLI session with the SMC6224M is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Console# Telnet Connection Telnet operates over the IP transport protocol.
USING THE COMMAND LINE INTERFACE After you configure the switch with an IP address, you can open a Telnet session by performing these steps: 1. From the remote host, enter the Telnet command and the IP address of the device you want to access. 2. At the prompt, enter the user name and system password. The CLI will display the “Vty-n#” prompt for the administrator to show that you are using privileged access mode (i.e.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Entering Commands This section describes how to enter CLI commands. Keywords and Arguments A CLI command is a series of keywords and arguments. Keywords identify a command, and arguments specify configuration parameters. For example, in the command “show interfaces status ethernet 1/5,” show interfaces and status are keywords, ethernet is an argument that specifies the interface type, and 1/5 specifies the unit/port.
ENTERING COMMANDS Command Completion If you terminate input with a Tab key, the CLI will print the remaining characters of a partial keyword up to the point of ambiguity. In the “logging history” example, typing log followed by a tab will result in printing the command up to “logging.” Getting Help on Commands You can display a brief description of the help system by entering the help command. You can also display command syntax by using the “?” character to list keywords or parameters.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Showing Commands If you enter a “?” at the command prompt, the system will display the first level of keywords for the current command class (Normal Exec or Privileged Exec) or configuration class (Global, ACL, Interface, Line or VLAN Database). You can also display a list of valid keywords for a specific command.
ENTERING COMMANDS The command “show interfaces ?” will display the following information: Console#show interfaces ? counters Interface counters information status Interface status information switchport Interface switchport information Console# Partial Keyword Lookup If you terminate a partial keyword with a question mark, alternatives that match the initial letters are provided. (Remember not to leave a space between the command and question mark.) For example “s?” shows all the keywords starting with “s.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Understanding Command Modes The command set is divided into Exec and Configuration classes. Exec commands generally display information on system status or clear statistical counters. Configuration commands, on the other hand, modify interface parameters or enable certain switching functions. These classes are further divided into different modes. Available commands depend on the selected mode.
ENTERING COMMANDS Privileged Exec mode from within Normal Exec mode, by entering the enable command, followed by the privileged level password “super” (page 4-36). To enter Privileged Exec mode, enter the following user names and passwords: Username: admin Password: [admin login password] CLI session with the SMC6624M is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit]. Console# Username: guest Password: [guest login password] CLI session with the SMC6624M is opened. To end the CLI session, enter [Exit].
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • Line Configuration - These commands modify the console port and Telnet configuration, and include command such as parity and databits. • VLAN Configuration - Includes the command to create VLAN groups. To enter the Global Configuration mode, enter the command configure in Privileged Exec mode. The system prompt will change to “Console(config)#” which gives you access privilege to all Global Configuration commands.
ENTERING COMMANDS Command Line Processing Commands are not case sensitive. You can abbreviate commands and parameters as long as they contain enough letters to differentiate them from any other currently available commands or parameters. You can use the Tab key to complete partial commands, or enter a partial command followed by the “?” character to display a list of possible matches.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Groups The system commands can be broken down into the functional groups shown below.
COMMAND GROUPS Table 4-4 Command Groups (Continued) Command Group Description Page Address Table Configures the address table for filtering specified addresses, displays current entries, clears the table, or sets the aging time 4-175 Spanning Tree Configures Spanning Tree settings for the switch 4-180 VLANs Configures VLAN settings, and defines port membership for VLAN groups; also enables or configures private VLANs 4-195 GVRP and Bridge Extension Configures GVRP settings that permit automatic
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Line Commands You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the server’s serial port. These commands are used to set communication parameters for the serial port or Telnet (i.e., a virtual terminal).
LINE COMMANDS line This command identifies a specific line for configuration, and to process subsequent line configuration commands. Syntax line {console | vty} - console - Console terminal line. - vty - Virtual terminal for remote console access (i.e., Telnet). Default Setting There is no default line. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage Telnet is considered a virtual terminal connection and will be shown as “Vty” in screen displays such as show users.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE login This command enables password checking at login. Use the no form to disable password checking and allow connections without a password. Syntax login [local] no login local - Selects local password checking. Authentication is based on the user name specified with the username command.
LINE COMMANDS Example Console(config-line)#login local Console(config-line)# Related Commands username (4-35) password (4-17) password This command specifies the password for a line. Use the no form to remove the password. Syntax password {0 | 7} password no password - {0 | 7} - 0 means plain password, 7 means encrypted password - password - Character string that specifies the line password. (Maximum length: 8 characters plain text, 32 encrypted, case sensitive) Default Setting No password is specified.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE configuration file from a TFTP server. There is no need for you to manually configure encrypted passwords. Example Console(config-line)#password 0 secret Console(config-line)# Related Commands login (4-16) password-thresh (4-20) timeout login response This command sets the interval that the system waits for a user to log into the CLI. Use the no form to restore the default.
LINE COMMANDS Example To set the timeout to two minutes, enter this command: Console(config-line)#timeout login response 120 Console(config-line)# Related Commands silent-time (4-21) exec-timeout (4-14) exec-timeout This command sets the interval that the system waits until user input is detected. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax exec-timeout [seconds] no exec-timeout seconds - Integer that specifies the number of seconds.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example To set the timeout to two minutes, enter this command: Console(config-line)#exec-timeout 120 Console(config-line)# Related Commands silent-time (4-21) timeout login response (4-13) password-thresh This command sets the password intrusion threshold which limits the number of failed logon attempts. Use the no form to remove the threshold value. Syntax password-thresh [threshold] no password-thresh threshold - The number of allowed password attempts.
LINE COMMANDS Example To set the password threshold to five attempts, enter this command: Console(config-line)#password-thresh 5 Console(config-line)# Related Commands silent-time (4-21) timeout login response (4-13) silent-time This command sets the amount of time the management console is inaccessible after the number of unsuccessful logon attempts exceeds the threshold set by the password-thresh command. Use the no form to remove the silent time value.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE databits This command sets the number of data bits per character that are interpreted and generated by the console port. Use the no form to restore the default value. Syntax databits {7 | 8} no databits - 7 - Seven data bits per character. - 8 - Eight data bits per character. Default Setting 8 data bits per character Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage The databits command can be used to mask the high bit on input from devices that generate 7 data bits with parity.
LINE COMMANDS parity This command defines the generation of a parity bit. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax parity {none | even | odd} no parity - none - No parity - even - Even parity - odd - Odd parity Default Setting No parity Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage Communication protocols provided by devices such as terminals and modems often require a specific parity bit setting.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting 9600 Command Mode Line Configuration Command Usage Set the speed to match the baud rate of the device connected to the serial port. Some baud rates available on devices connected to the port might not be supported. The system indicates if the speed you selected is not supported. Example To specify 57600 bps, enter this command: Console(config-line)#speed 57600 Console(config-line)# stopbits This command sets the number of the stop bits transmitted per byte.
LINE COMMANDS disconnect This command terminates an SSH, Telnet, or console connection. Syntax disconnect session-id session-id – The session identifier for an SSH, Telnet or console connection. (Range: 0-4) Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage Specifying session identifier “0” will disconnect the console connection. Specifying any other identifiers for an active session will disconnect an SSH or Telnet connection.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example To show all lines, enter this command: Console#show line Console configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: Disabled Login timeout: Disabled Silent time: Disabled Baudrate: 9600 Databits: 8 Parity: none Stopbits: 1 VTY configuration: Password threshold: 3 times Interactive timeout: 600 sec Login timeout: 300 sec console# General Commands Table 4-6 General Commands Command 4-26 Function Mode Page enable Activates privileged mode NE 4-27 disable R
GENERAL COMMANDS enable This command activates Privileged Exec mode. In privileged mode, additional commands are available, and certain commands display additional information. See “Understanding Command Modes” on page 4-8. Syntax enable [level] level - Privilege level to log into the device. The device has two predefined privilege levels: 0: Normal Exec, 15: Privileged Exec. Enter level 15 to access Privileged Exec mode.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE disable This command returns to Normal Exec mode from privileged mode. In normal access mode, you can only display basic information on the switch's configuration or Ethernet statistics. To gain access to all commands, you must use the privileged mode. See “Understanding Command Modes” on page 4-8. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage The “>” character is appended to the end of the prompt to indicate that the system is in normal access mode.
GENERAL COMMANDS Example Console#configure Console(config)# Related Commands end (4-30) show history This command shows the contents of the command history buffer. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The history buffer size is fixed at 10 Execution commands and 10 Configuration commands.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE The ! command repeats commands from the Execution command history buffer when you are in Normal Exec or Privileged Exec Mode, and commands from the Configuration command history buffer when you are in any of the configuration modes. In this example, the !2 command repeats the second command in the Execution history buffer (config). Console#!2 Console#config Console(config)# reload This command restarts the system.
GENERAL COMMANDS Command Mode Global Configuration, Interface Configuration, Line Configuration, and VLAN Database Configuration. Example This example shows how to return to the Privileged Exec mode from the Interface Configuration mode: Console(config-if)#end Console# exit This command returns to the previous configuration mode or exit the configuration program.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The quit and exit commands can both exit the configuration program. Example This example shows how to quit a CLI session: Console#quit Press ENTER to start session User Access Verification Username: System Management Commands These commands are used to control system logs, passwords, user names, browser configuration options, and display or configure a variety of other system information.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Table 4-7 System Management Commands (Continued) Command Group Function Page System Status Displays system configuration, active managers, and version information 4-77 Frame Size Enables support for jumbo frames 4-84 Device Designation Commands Table 4-8 Device Designation Commands Command Function Mode Page prompt Customizes the prompt used in PE and NE mode GC hostname Specifies the host name for the switch GC 4-34 snmp-server contact Sets the system contact st
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE hostname This command specifies or modifies the host name for this device. Use the no form to restore the default host name. Syntax hostname name no hostname name - The name of this host. (Maximum length: 255 characters) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#hostname RD#1 Console(config)# User Access Commands The basic commands required for management access are listed in this section.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS username This command adds named users, requires authentication at login, specifies or changes a user's password (or specify that no password is required), or specifies or changes a user's access level. Use the no form to remove a user name. Syntax username name {access-level level | nopassword | password {0 | 7} password} no username name - name - The name of the user. (Maximum length: 8 characters, case sensitive.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage The encrypted password is required for compatibility with legacy password settings (i.e., plain text or encrypted) when reading the configuration file during system bootup or when downloading the configuration file from a TFTP server. There is no need for you to manually configure encrypted passwords. Example This example shows how to set the access level and password for a user.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Command Usage • You cannot set a null password. You will have to enter a password to change the command mode from Normal Exec to Privileged Exec with the enable command (page 4-27). • The encrypted password is required for compatibility with legacy password settings (i.e., plain text or encrypted) when reading the configuration file during system bootup or when downloading the configuration file from a TFTP server.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE management This command specifies the client IP addresses that are allowed management access to the switch through various protocols. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax [no] management {all-client | http-client | snmp-client | telnet-client} start-address [end-address] - all-client - Adds IP address(es) to the SNMP, web and Telnet groups. - http-client - Adds IP address(es) to the web group. - snmp-client - Adds IP address(es) to the SNMP group.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS • You can delete an address range just by specifying the start address, or by specifying both the start address and end address. Example This example restricts management access to the indicated addresses. Console(config)#management all-client 192.168.1.19 Console(config)#management all-client 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 Console(config)# show management This command displays the client IP addresses that are allowed management access to the switch through various protocols.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console#show management all-client Management IP Filter HTTP-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2. 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 SNMP-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2. 192.168.1.25 192.168.1.30 TELNET-Client: Start IP address End IP address ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.19 2.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS ip http port This command specifies the TCP port number used by the web browser interface. Use the no form to use the default port. Syntax ip http port port-number no ip http port port-number - The TCP port to be used by the browser interface.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console(config)#ip http server Console(config)# Related Commands ip http port (4-41) ip http secure-server This command enables the secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) over the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), providing secure access (i.e., an encrypted connection) to the switch’s web interface. Use the no form to disable this function.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS • The client and server establish a secure encrypted connection. A padlock icon should appear in the status bar for Internet Explorer 5.x and Netscape Navigator 6.2 or later versions. • The following web browsers and operating systems currently support HTTPS: Table 4-13 HTTPS System Support Web Browser Operating System Internet Explorer 5.0 or later Windows 98,Windows NT (with service pack 6a), Windows 2000, Windows XP Netscape Navigator 6.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • You cannot configure the HTTP and HTTPS servers to use the same port.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Default Setting 23 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#ip telnet port 123 Console(config)# Related Commands ip telnet server (4-45) ip telnet server This command allows this device to be monitored or configured from Telnet. Use the no form to disable this function.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Secure Shell Commands The Berkley-standard includes remote access tools originally designed for Unix systems. Some of these tools have also been implemented for Microsoft Windows and other environments. These tools, including commands such as rlogin (remote login), rsh (remote shell), and rcp (remote copy), are not secure from hostile attacks. The Secure Shell (SSH) includes server/client applications intended as a secure replacement for the older Berkley remote access tools.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Table 4-15 SSH Commands (Continued) Command Function Mode Page delete public-key Deletes the public key for the specified user PE 4-52 ip ssh crypto Generates the host key host-key generate PE 4-52 ip ssh crypto zeroize Clear the host key from RAM PE 4-53 ip ssh save host-key Saves the host key from RAM to flash memory PE 4-54 disconnect Terminates a line connection PE 4-25 show ip ssh Displays the status of the SSH server and the PE configured values for aut
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 2. Provide Host Public Key to Clients – Many SSH client programs automatically import the host public key during the initial connection setup with the switch. Otherwise, you need to manually create a known hosts file on the management station and place the host public key in it. An entry for a public key in the known hosts file would appear similar to the following example: 10.1.0.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS a. The client sends its public key to the switch. b. The switch compares the client's public key to those stored in memory. c. If a match is found, the switch uses the public key to encrypt a random sequence of bytes, and sends this string to the client. d. The client uses its private key to decrypt the bytes, and sends the decrypted bytes back to the switch. e. The switch compares the decrypted bytes to the original bytes it sent.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console#ip ssh crypto host-key generate dsa Console#configure Console(config)#ip ssh server Console(config)# Related Commands ip ssh crypto host-key generate (4-52) show ssh (4-55) ip ssh timeout This command configures the timeout for the SSH server. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax ip ssh timeout seconds no ip ssh timeout seconds – The timeout for client response during SSH negotiation.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS ip ssh authentication-retries This command configures the number of times the SSH server attempts to reauthenticate a user. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax ip ssh authentication-retries count no ip ssh authentication-retries count – The number of authentication attempts permitted after which the interface is reset.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • The server key is a private key that is never shared outside the switch. • The host key is shared with the SSH client, and is fixed at 1024 bits. Example Console(config)#ip ssh server-key size 512 Console(config)# delete public-key This command deletes the specified user’s public key. Syntax delete public-key username [dsa | rsa] - username – Name of an SSH user. (Range: 1-8 characters) - dsa – DSA public key type. - rsa – RSA public key type.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • This command stores the host key pair in memory (i.e., RAM). Use the ip ssh save host-key command to save the host key pair to flash memory. • Some SSH client programs automatically add the public key to the known hosts file as part of the configuration process. Otherwise, you must manually create a known hosts file and place the host public key in it.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • This command clears the host key from volatile memory (RAM). Use the no ip ssh save host-key command to clear the host key from flash memory. • The SSH server must be disabled before you can execute this command. Example Console#ip ssh crypto zeroize dsa Console# Related Commands ip ssh crypto host-key generate (4-52) ip ssh save host-key (4-54) no ip ssh server (4-49) ip ssh save host-key This command saves host key from RAM to flash memory.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS show ip ssh This command displays the connection settings used when authenticating client access to the SSH server. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip ssh SSH Enabled - version 1.99 Negotiation timeout: 120 secs; Authentication retries: 3 Server key size: 768 bits Console# show ssh This command displays the current SSH server connections. Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ssh Connection Version State 0 2.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 4-16 show ssh - display description (Continued) Field Description Encryption The encryption method is automatically negotiated between the client and server. Options for SSHv1.5 include: DES, 3DES Options for SSHv2.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • If no parameters are entered, all keys are displayed. If the user keyword is entered, but no user name is specified, then the public keys for all users are displayed. • When an RSA key is displayed, the first field indicates the size of the host key (e.g., 1024), the second field is the encoded public exponent (e.g., 35), and the last string is the encoded modulus.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Event Logging Commands Table 4-17 Event Logging Commands Command Function Mode Page logging on Controls logging of error messages GC 4-58 logging history Limits syslog messages saved to switch memory GC based on severity 4-59 logging host Adds a syslog server host IP address that will receive logging messages GC 4-60 logging facility Sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog GC messages 4-61 logging trap Limits syslog messages saved to a remote server GC ba
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Example Console(config)#logging on Console(config)# Related Commands logging history (4-59) clear logging (4-63) logging history This command limits syslog messages saved to switch memory based on severity. The no form returns the logging of syslog messages to the default level. Syntax logging history {flash | ram} level no logging history {flash | ram} - flash - Event history stored in flash memory (i.e., permanent memory). - ram - Event history stored in temporary RAM (i.e.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 4-18 Logging Levels (Continued) Level Severity Name Description 1 alerts Immediate action needed 0 emergencies System unusable * There are only Level 2, 5 and 6 error messages for the current firmware release. Default Setting Flash: errors (level 3 - 0) RAM: warnings (level 6 - 0) Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The message level specified for flash memory must be a higher priority (i.e., numerically lower) than that specified for RAM.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Command Usage • By using this command more than once you can build up a list of host IP addresses. • The maximum number of host IP addresses allowed is five. Example Console(config)#logging host 10.1.0.3 Console(config)# logging facility This command sets the facility type for remote logging of syslog messages. Use the no form to return the type to the default.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE logging trap This command enables the logging of system messages to a remote server, or limits the syslog messages saved to a remote server based on severity. Use this command without a specified level to enable remote logging. Use the no form to disable remote logging. Syntax logging trap [level] no logging trap level - One of the level arguments listed below. Messages sent include the selected level up through level 0. (Refer to the table on page 4-59.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS clear logging This command clears messages from the log buffer. Syntax clear logging [flash | ram] - flash - Event history stored in flash memory (i.e., permanent memory). - ram - Event history stored in temporary RAM (i.e., memory flushed on power reset).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example The following example shows that system logging is enabled, the message level for flash memory is “errors” (i.e., default level 3 - 0), the message level for RAM is “informational” (i.e., default level 6 - 0).
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Table 4-20 show logging trap - display description Field Description Syslog logging Shows if system logging has been enabled via the logging on command. REMOTELOG status Shows if remote logging has been enabled via the logging trap command. REMOTELOG facility type The facility type for remote logging of syslog messages as specified in the logging facility command.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage This command shows the system and event messages stored in memory, including the time stamp, message level (page 4-59), program module, function, and event number. Example The following example shows sample messages stored in RAM. Console#show log ram [5] 00:01:06 2001-01-01 "STA root change notification." level: 6, module: 6, function: 1, and [4] 00:01:00 2001-01-01 "STA root change notification.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Table 4-21 SMTP Alert Commands (Continued) Command Function Mode Page logging sendmail Enables SMTP event handling GC 4-70 show logging sendmail Displays SMTP event handler settings NE, PE 4-70 logging sendmail host This command specifies SMTP servers that will be sent alert messages. Use the no form to remove an SMTP server. Syntax [no] logging sendmail host ip_address ip_address - IP address of an SMTP server that will be sent alert messages for event handling.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console(config)#logging sendmail host 192.168.1.200 Console(config)# logging sendmail level This command sets the severity threshold used to trigger alert messages. Syntax logging sendmail level level level - One of the system message levels (page 4-59). Messages sent include the selected level down to level 0. (Range: 0-7; Default: 7) Default Setting Level 7 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The specified level indicates an event threshold.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS logging sendmail source-email This command sets the email address used for the “From” field in alert messages. Use the no form to delete the source email address. Syntax [no] logging sendmail source-email email-address email-address - The source email address used in alert messages.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage You can specify up to five recipients for alert messages. However, you must enter a separate command to specify each recipient. Example Console(config)#logging sendmail destination-email ted@this-company.com Console(config)# logging sendmail This command enables SMTP event handling. Use the no form to disable this function.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Example Console#show logging sendmail SMTP servers ----------------------------------------------1. 192.168.1.200 SMTP minimum severity level: 4 SMTP destination email addresses ----------------------------------------------1. geoff@acme.com SMTP source email address: SMTP status: Console# john@acme.com Enabled Time Commands The system clock can be dynamically set by polling a set of specified time servers (NTP or SNTP).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE sntp client This command enables SNTP client requests for time synchronization from NTP or SNTP time servers specified with the sntp servers command. Use the no form to disable SNTP client requests. Syntax [no] sntp client Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The time acquired from time servers is used to record accurate dates and times for log events.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS sntp server This command sets the IP address of the servers to which SNTP time requests are issued. Use the this command with no arguments to clear all time servers from the current list. Syntax sntp server [ip1 [ip2 [ip3]]] ip - IP address of a time server (NTP or SNTP). (Range: 1-3 addresses) Default Setting None Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command specifies time servers from which the switch will poll for time updates when set to SNTP client mode.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE sntp poll This command sets the interval between sending time requests when the switch is set to SNTP client mode. Use the no form to restore to the default. Syntax sntp poll seconds no sntp poll seconds - Interval between time requests.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Example Console#show sntp Current time: Dec 23 05:13:28 2002 Poll interval: 16 Current mode: unicast SNTP status : Enabled SNTP server 137.92.140.80 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Current server: 137.92.140.80 Console# clock timezone This command sets the time zone for the switch’s internal clock. Syntax clock timezone name hour hours minute minutes {before-utc | after-utc} • name - Name of timezone, usually an acronym. (Range: 1-29 characters) • hours - Number of hours before/after UTC.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console(config)#clock timezone Japan hours 8 minute 0 after-UTC Console(config)# Related Commands show sntp (4-74) calendar set This command sets the system clock. It may be used if there is no time server on your network, or if you have not configured the switch to receive signals from a time server. Syntax calendar set hour min sec {day month year | month day year} • • • • • hour - Hour in 24-hour format. (Range: 0-23) min - Minute. (Range: 0-59) sec - Second.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS show calendar This command displays the system clock.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE light unit This command displays the unit ID of a switch using its front-panel LED indicators. Syntax light unit [unit] unit - specifies a unit in a switch stack to light the panel LEDs Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The unit ID is displayed using the port status LED indicators for ports 1 to 8. When the light unit command is entered, the LED corresponding to the switch’s ID will flash for about 15 seconds.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS • This command displays settings for key command modes. Each mode group is separated by “!” symbols, and includes the configuration mode command, and corresponding commands.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Related Commands show running-config (4-80) show running-config This command displays the configuration information currently in use. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • Use this command in conjunction with the show startup-config command to compare the information in running memory to the information stored in non-volatile memory. • This command displays settings for key command modes.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS Example Console#show running-config building startup-config, please wait..... ! phymap 00-30-f1-ce-2a-20 00-00-00-00-00-00 00-00-00-00-00-00 00-00-00-00-00-00 00-00-00-00-00-00 00-00-00-00-00-00 00-00-00-00-00-00 00-00-00-00-00-00 ! SNTP server 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Related Commands show startup-config (4-78) show system This command displays system information. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage • For a description of the items shown by this command, refer to “Displaying System Information” on page -11. • The POST results should all display “PASS.” If any POST test indicates “FAIL,” contact your distributor for assistance.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT COMMANDS show users Shows all active console and Telnet sessions, including user name, idle time, and IP address of Telnet client. Default Setting None Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage The session used to execute this command is indicated by a “*” symbol next to the Line (i.e., session) index number.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage See “Displaying Switch Hardware/Software Versions” on page 3-13 for detailed information on the items displayed by this command.
FLASH/FILE COMMANDS Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • This switch provides more efficient throughput for large sequential data transfers by supporting jumbo frames up to 9216 bytes. Compared to standard Ethernet frames that run only up to 1.5 KB, using jumbo frames significantly reduces the per-packet overhead required to process protocol encapsulation fields. • To use jumbo frames, both the source and destination end nodes (such as a computer or server) must support this feature.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 4-25 Flash/File Commands (Continued) Command Function whichboot Displays the files booted boot system Specifies the file or image used to start up the system Mode Page PE 4-91 GC 4-92 copy This command moves (upload/download) a code image or configuration file between the switch’s flash memory and a TFTP server.
FLASH/FILE COMMANDS Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • The system prompts for data required to complete the copy command. • The destination file name should not contain slashes (\ or /), the leading letter of the file name should not be a period (.), and the maximum length for file names on the TFTP server is 127 characters or 31 characters for files on the switch. (Valid characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example The following example shows how to upload the configuration settings to a file on the TFTP server: Console#copy file tftp Choose file type: 1. config: 2. opcode: <1-2>: 1 Source file name: startup TFTP server ip address: 10.1.0.99 Destination file name: startup.01 TFTP completed. Success. Console# The following example shows how to copy the running configuration to a startup file. Console#copy running-config file destination file name: startup Write to FLASH Programming.
FLASH/FILE COMMANDS This example shows how to copy a public-key used by SSH from an TFTP server. Note that public key authentication via SSH is only supported for users configured locally on the switch: Console#copy tftp public-key TFTP server IP address: 192.168.1.19 Choose public key type: 1. RSA: 2. DSA: <1-2>: 1 Source file name: steve.pub Username: steve TFTP Download Success. Write to FLASH Programming. Success. Console# delete This command deletes a file or image.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example This example shows how to delete the test2.cfg configuration file from flash memory for unit 1. Console#delete 1:test2.cfg Console# Related Commands dir (4-90) delete public-key (4-52) dir This command displays a list of files in flash memory. Syntax dir [unit:] {{boot-rom: | config: | opcode:} [:filename]} The type of file or image to display includes: - boot-rom - Boot ROM (or diagnostic) image file. config - Switch configuration file.
FLASH/FILE COMMANDS • File information is shown below: Table 4-26 File Directory Information Column Heading Description file name The name of the file. file type File types: Boot-Rom, Operation Code, and Config file. startup Shows if this file is used when the system is started. size The length of the file in bytes.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example This example shows the information displayed by the whichboot command. See the table under the dir command for a description of the file information displayed by this command. Console#whichboot file name ------------------------------------Unit1: D2218 V2260-S Factory_Default_Config.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Example Console(config)#boot system config: startup Console(config)# Related Commands dir (4-90) whichboot (4-91) Authentication Commands You can configure this switch to authenticate users logging into the system for management access using local or RADIUS authentication methods. You can also enable port-based authentication for network client access using IEEE 802.1X.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE authentication login This command defines the login authentication method and precedence. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax authentication login {[local] [radius] [tacacs]} no authentication login • local - Use local password. • radius - Use RADIUS server password. • tacacs - Use TACACS server password. Default Setting Local Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • RADIUS uses UDP while TACACS+ uses TCP.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Example Console(config)#authentication login radius Console(config)# Related Commands username - for setting the local user names and passwords (4-35) authentication enable This command defines the authentication method and precedence to use when changing from Exec command mode to Privileged Exec command mode with the enable command (see page 4-27). Use the no form to restore the default.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • You can specify three authentication methods in a single command to indicate the authentication sequence. For example, if you enter “authentication enable radius tacacs local,” the user name and password on the RADIUS server is verified first. If the RADIUS server is not available, then authentication is attempted on the TACACS+ server. If the TACACS+ server is not available, the local user name and password is checked.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS radius-server host This command specifies primary and backup RADIUS servers and authentication parameters that apply to each server. Use the no form to restore the default values. Syntax [no] radius-server index host {host_ip_address | host_alias} [auth-port auth_port] [timeout timeout] [retransmit retransmit] [key key] • index - Allows you to specify up to five servers. These servers are queried in sequence until a server responds or the retransmit period expires.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE radius-server port This command sets the RADIUS server network port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server port port_number no radius-server port port_number - RADIUS server UDP port used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535) Default Setting 1812 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server port 181 Console(config)# radius-server key This command sets the RADIUS encryption key. Use the no form to restore the default.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Example Console(config)#radius-server key green Console(config)# radius-server retransmit This command sets the number of retries. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax radius-server retransmit number_of_retries no radius-server retransmit number_of_retries - Number of times the switch will try to authenticate logon access via the RADIUS server.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#radius-server timeout 10 Console(config)# show radius-server This command displays the current settings for the RADIUS server. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show radius-server Remote RADIUS server configuration: ***** Global settings Communication key with RADIUS server: Server port number: 1812 Retransmit times: 2 Request timeout: 5 Sever 1: Server IP address: 192.168.1.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS TACACS+ Client Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS+) is a logon authentication protocol that uses software running on a central server to control access to TACACS-aware devices on the network. An authentication server contains a database of multiple user name/password pairs with associated privilege levels for each user or group that require management access to a switch.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE tacacs-server port This command specifies the TACACS+ server network port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax tacacs-server port port_number no tacacs-server port port_number - TACACS+ server TCP port used for authentication messages. (Range: 1-65535) Default Setting 49 Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#tacacs-server port 181 Console(config)# tacacs-server key This command sets the TACACS+ encryption key. Use the no form to restore the default.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Example Console(config)#tacacs-server key green Console(config)# show tacacs-server This command displays the current settings for the TACACS+ server. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show tacacs-server Remote TACACS server configuration: Server IP address: 10.11.12.13 Communication key with TACACS server: ***** Server port number: 49 Console# Port Security Commands These commands can be used to enable port security on a port.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 4-31 Port Security Commands Command Function Mode Page port security Configures a secure port IC mac-address-table static Maps a static address to a port in a VLAN GC 4-176 show mac-address-table Displays entries in the bridge-forwarding PE database 4-177 4-104 port security This command enables or configures port security. Use the no form without any keywords to disable port security.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Command Usage • If you enable port security, the switch stops learning new MAC addresses on the specified port when it has reached a configured maximum number. Only incoming traffic with source addresses already stored in the dynamic or static address table will be accepted. • First use the port security max-mac-count command to set the number of addresses, and then use the port security command to enable security on the port.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 802.1X Port Authentication The switch supports IEEE 802.1X (dot1x) port-based access control that prevents unauthorized access to the network by requiring users to first submit credentials for authentication. Client authentication is controlled centrally by a RADIUS server using EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol). Table 4-32 802.1X Port Authentication 4-106 Command Function Mode Page dot1x system-auth-control Enables dot1x globally on the switch.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS dot1x system-auth-control This command enables 802.1X port authentication globally on the switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax [no] system-auth-control Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Example Console(config)#dot1x system-auth-control Console(config)# dot1x default This command sets all configurable dot1x global and port settings to their default values.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default 2 Command Mode Interface Configuration Example Console(config)#interface eth 1/2 Console(config-if)#dot1x max-req 2 Console(config-if)# dot1x port-control This command sets the dot1x mode on a port interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax dot1x port-control {auto | force-authorized | force-unauthorized} no dot1x port-control • auto – Requires a dot1x-aware connected client to be authorized by the RADIUS server.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS dot1x operation-mode This command allows single or multiple hosts (clients) to connect to an 802.1X-authorized port. Use the no form with no keywords to restore the default to single host. Use the no form with the multi-host max-count keywords to restore the default maximum count. Syntax dot1x operation-mode {single-host | multi-host [max-count count]} no dot1x operation-mode [multi-host max-count] • single-host – Allows only a single host to connect to this port.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE dot1x re-authenticate This command forces re-authentication on all ports or a specific interface. Syntax dot1x re-authenticate [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number. (Range: 1-26) Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#dot1x re-authenticate Console# dot1x re-authentication This command enables periodic re-authentication globally for all ports.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS dot1x timeout quiet-period This command sets the time that a switch port waits after the Max Request Count has been exceeded before attempting to acquire a new client. Use the no form to reset the default. Syntax dot1x timeout quiet-period seconds no dot1x timeout quiet-period seconds - The number of seconds.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console(config)#interface eth 1/2 Console(config-if)#dot1x timeout re-authperiod 300 dot1x timeout tx-period This command sets the time that an interface on the switch waits during an authentication session before re-transmitting an EAP packet. Use the no form to reset to the default value. Syntax dot1x timeout tx-period seconds no dot1x timeout tx-period seconds - The number of seconds.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage This command displays the following information: • Global 802.1X Parameters – Shows whether or not 802.1X port authentication is globally enabled on the switch. • 802.1X Port Summary – Displays the port access control parameters for each interface, including the following items: - Status – Administrative state for port access control. - Operation Mode– Dot1x port control operation mode (page 4-109).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE - Max Count – The maximum number of hosts allowed to access this port (page 4-109). - Port-control – Shows the dot1x mode on a port as auto, force-authorized, or force-unauthorized (page 4-108). - Supplicant – MAC address of authorized client. - Current Identifier– The integer (0-255) used by the Authenticator to identify the current authentication session.
AUTHENTICATION COMMANDS Example Console#show dot1x Global 802.1X Parameters system-auth-control: enable 802.1X Port Summary Port Name Status 1/1 disabled 1/2 enabled . . . 1/26 disabled Operation Mode Single-Host Single-Host Single-Host Mode Authorized ForceAuthorized n/a auto yes ForceAuthorized n/a 802.1X Port Details 802.1X is disabled on port 1/1 802.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Access Control List Commands Access Control Lists (ACL) provide packet filtering for IP frames (based on address, protocol, Layer 4 protocol port number or TCP control code) or any frames (based on MAC address or Ethernet type). To filter packets, first create an access list, add the required rules and then bind the list to a specific port.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS • This switch supports ACLs for ingress filtering only. You can only bind one IP ACL to any port and one MAC ACL globally for ingress filtering. In other words, only two ACLs can be bound to an interface - Ingress IP ACL and Ingress MAC ACL. The order in which active ACLs are checked is as follows: 1. User-defined rules in the Ingress MAC ACL for ingress ports. 2. User-defined rules in the Ingress IP ACL for ingress ports. 3.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 4-34 IP ACLs (Continued) Command Function Mode Page show ip access-list Displays the rules for configured IP ACLs PE 4-123 ip access-group Adds a port to an IP ACL IC 4-123 show ip access-group Shows port assignments for IP ACLs PE 4-123 map access-list Sets the CoS value and corresponding output IC ip queue for packets matching an ACL rule 4-125 show map access-list ip 4-126 Shows CoS value mapped to an access list for PE an interface access-list ip This co
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS Command Usage • When you create a new ACL or enter configuration mode for an existing ACL, use the permit or deny command to add new rules to the bottom of the list. To create an ACL, you must add at least one rule to the list. • To remove a rule, use the no permit or no deny command followed by the exact text of a previously configured rule. • An ACL can contain up to 32 rules.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • New rules are appended to the end of the list. • Address bitmasks are similar to a subnet mask, containing four integers from 0 to 255, each separated by a period. The binary mask uses 1 bits to indicate “match” and 0 bits to indicate “ignore.” The bitmask is bitwise ANDed with the specified source IP address, and then compared with the address for each IP packet entering the port(s) to which this ACL has been assigned.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS [precedence precedence] [tos tos] [dscp dscp] [source-port sport [end]] [destination-port dport [end]] [control-flag control-flags flag-bitmask] • • • • • • • • • • • • • protocol-number – A specific protocol number. (Range: 0-255) source – Source IP address. destination – Destination IP address. address-bitmask – Decimal number representing the address bits to match. host – Keyword followed by a specific IP address. precedence – IP precedence level.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • The control-code bitmask is a decimal number (representing an equivalent bit mask) that is applied to the control code. Enter a decimal number, where the equivalent binary bit “1” means to match a bit and “0” means to ignore a bit.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS Related Commands access-list ip (4-118) show ip access-list This command displays the rules for configured IP ACLs. Syntax show ip access-list {standard | extended} [acl_name] • standard – Specifies a standard IP ACL. • extended – Specifies an extended IP ACL. • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip access-list standard IP standard access-list david: permit host 10.1.1.21 permit 168.92.0.0 255.255.255.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • A port can only be bound to one ACL. • If a port is already bound to an ACL and you bind it to a different ACL, the switch will replace the old binding with the new one. • You must configure a mask for an ACL rule before you can bind it to a port.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS map access-list ip This command sets the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule. The specified CoS value is only used to map the matching packet to an output queue; it is not written to the packet itself. Use the no form to remove the CoS mapping. Syntax [no] map access-list ip acl_name cos cos-value • acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) • cos-value – CoS value.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE show map access-list ip This command shows the CoS value mapped to an IP ACL for the current interface. (The CoS value determines the output queue for packets matching an ACL rule.) Syntax show map access-list ip [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS MAC ACLs Table 4-36 MAC ACLs Command Function Mode Page access-list mac Creates a MAC ACL and enters configuration mode GC 4-127 permit, deny Filters packets matching a specified source and destination address, packet format, and Ethernet type MAC-ACL 4-128 show mac access-list Displays the rules for configured MAC ACLs PE 4-130 IC 4-130 show mac access-group Shows port assignments for MAC ACLs PE 4-131 map access-list mac Sets the CoS value and correspondi
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • When you create a new ACL or enter configuration mode for an existing ACL, use the permit or deny command to add new rules to the bottom of the list. To create an ACL, you must add at least one rule to the list. • To remove a rule, use the no permit or no deny command followed by the exact text of a previously configured rule. • An ACL can contain up to 32 rules.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS • address-bitmask16 – Bitmask for MAC address (in hexidecimal format). • vid – VLAN ID. (Range: 1-4094) • vid-end – Upper bound of VID range. (Range: 1-4094) • protocol – A specific Ethernet protocol number. (Range: 0-65535) • protocol-end – Upper bound of protocol range. (Range: 0-65535) Default Setting None Command Mode MAC ACL Command Usage • New rules are added to the end of the list. • The ethertype option can only be used to filter Ethernet II formatted packets.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE show mac access-list This command displays the rules for configured MAC ACLs. Syntax show mac access-list [acl_name] acl_name – Name of the ACL. (Maximum length: 16 characters) Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show mac access-list MAC access-list jerry: permit any host 00-e0-29-94-34-de ethertype 800 800 Console# Related Commands permit, deny 4-128 mac access-group (4-130) mac access-group This command binds a port to a MAC ACL. Use the no form to remove the port.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS Command Usage • A port can only be bound to one ACL. • If a port is already bound to an ACL and you bind it to a different ACL, the switch will replace the old binding with the new one. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/25 Console(config-if)#mac access-group alexander in Console(config-if)# Related Commands show mac access-list (4-130) show mac access-group This command shows the ports assigned to MAC ACLs.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet) Command Usage • You must configure an ACL mask before you can map CoS values to the rule. • A packet matching a rule within the specified ACL is mapped to one of the output queues as shown below.
ACCESS CONTROL LIST COMMANDS Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show map access-list mac Access-list to COS of Eth 1/5 Access-list M5 cos 0 Console# Related Commands map access-list mac (4-131) ACL Information Table 4-38 ACL Information Command Function show access-list Show all ACLs and associated rules show access-group Shows the ACLs assigned to each port Mode Page PE 4-133 PE 4-134 show access-list This command shows all ACLs and associated rules, as well as all the user-defined m
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console#show access-list IP standard access-list david: permit host 10.1.1.21 permit 168.92.0.0 255.255.15.0 IP extended access-list bob: permit 10.7.1.1 255.255.255.0 any permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 any destination-port 80 80 permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.
SNMP COMMANDS SNMP Commands Controls access to this switch from management stations using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), as well as the error types sent to trap managers.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • rw - Specifies read/write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Default Setting • public - Read-only access. Authorized management stations are only able to retrieve MIB objects. • private - Read/write access. Authorized management stations are able to both retrieve and modify MIB objects. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The first snmp-server community command you enter enables SNMP.
SNMP COMMANDS Example Console(config)#snmp-server contact Paul Console(config)# Related Commands snmp-server location (4-137) snmp-server location This command sets the system location string. Use the no form to remove the location string. Syntax snmp-server location text no snmp-server location text - String that describes the system location.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE snmp-server host This command specifies the recipient of a Simple Network Management Protocol notification operation. Use the no form to remove the specified host. Syntax snmp-server host host-addr community-string [version {1 | 2c}] no snmp-server host host-addr • host-addr - Internet address of the host (the targeted recipient). (Maximum host addresses: 5 trap destination IP address entries) • community-string - Password-like community string sent with the notification operation.
SNMP COMMANDS enable traps command and the snmp-server host command for that host must be enabled. • Some notification types cannot be controlled with the snmp-server enable traps command. For example, some notification types are always enabled. • The switch can send SNMP version 1 or version 2c notifications to a host IP address, depending on the SNMP version that the management station supports.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • If you do not enter an snmp-server enable traps command, no notifications controlled by this command are sent. In order to configure this device to send SNMP notifications, you must enter at least one snmp-server enable traps command. If you enter the command with no keywords, both authentication and link-up-down notifications are enabled. If you enter the command with a keyword, only the notification type related to that keyword is enabled.
SNMP COMMANDS Example Console#show snmp SNMP traps: Authentication: enabled Link-up-down: enabled SNMP communities: 1. private, and the privilege is read-write 2.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Interface Commands These commands are used to display or set communication parameters for an Ethernet port, aggregated link, or VLAN.
INTERFACE COMMANDS interface This command configures an interface type and enter interface configuration mode. Use the no form to remove a trunk. Syntax interface interface no interface port-channel channel-id interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Example The following example adds a description to port 24. Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/24 Console(config-if)#description RD-SW#3 Console(config-if)# speed-duplex This command configures the speed and duplex mode of a given interface when autonegotiation is disabled. Use the no form to restore the default.
INTERFACE COMMANDS Command Usage • To force operation to the speed and duplex mode specified in a speed-duplex command, use the no negotiation command to disable auto-negotiation on the selected interface. • When using the negotiation command to enable auto-negotiation, the optimal settings will be determined by the capabilities command. To set the speed/duplex mode under auto-negotiation, the required mode must be specified in the capabilities list for an interface.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE auto-negotiation is disabled, you must manually specify the link attributes with the speed-duplex and flowcontrol commands. • If autonegotiation is disabled, auto-MDI/MDI-X pin signal configuration will also be disabled for the RJ-45 ports. Example The following example configures port 11 to use autonegotiation.
INTERFACE COMMANDS Default Setting • 100BASE-TX: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full • 1000BASE-T: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, 1000full • SFP: 1000full Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage When auto-negotiation is enabled with the negotiation command, the switch will negotiate the best settings for a link based on the capabilites command. When auto-negotiation is disabled, you must manually specify the link attributes with the speed-duplex and flowcontrol commands.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex operation and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex operation.
INTERFACE COMMANDS Default Setting All interfaces are enabled. Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage This command allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then reenable it after the problem has been resolved. You may also want to disable a port for security reasons. Example The following example disables port 5.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • This command can enable or disable broadcast storm control for the selected interface. However, the specified threshold value applies to all ports on the switch. Example The following shows how to configure broadcast storm control at 600 packets per second: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/5 Console(config-if)#switchport broadcast octet-rate 600 Console(config-if)# clear counters This command clears statistics on an interface.
INTERFACE COMMANDS Example The following example clears statistics on port 5. Console#clear counters ethernet 1/5 Console# show interfaces status This command displays the status for an interface. Syntax show interfaces status [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number. (Range: 1-26/50) • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-4) • vlan vlan-id (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting Shows the status for all interfaces.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console#show interfaces status ethernet 1/5 Information of Eth 1/5 Basic information: Port type: 100TX Mac address: 00-00-AB-CD-00-01 Configuration: Name: Port admin: Up Speed-duplex: Auto Capabilities: 10half, 10full, 100half, 100full, Broadcast storm: Enabled Broadcast storm limit: 32000 octets/second Flow control: Disabled Lacp: Disabled Port security: Disabled Max MAC count: 0 Port security action: None Current status: Link status: Up Port operation status: Up Operation sp
INTERFACE COMMANDS Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Command Usage If no interface is specified, information on all interfaces is displayed. For a description of the items displayed by this command, see “Showing Port Statistics” on page 3-115.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE show interfaces switchport This command displays the administrative and operational status of the specified interfaces. Syntax show interfaces switchport [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number. (Range: 1-26/50) • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-4) Default Setting Shows all interfaces.
INTERFACE COMMANDS Table 4-41 Interfaces Switchport Statistics Field Description Broadcast threshold Shows if broadcast storm suppression is enabled or disabled; if enabled it also shows the threshold level (page 4-149). Lacp status Shows if Link Aggregation Control Protocol has been enabled or disabled (page 4-164). Ingress/Egress rate Shows if rate limiting is enabled, and the current rate limit. limit (page 4-159). VLAN membership Indicates membership mode as Trunk or Hybrid (page mode 4-199).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Mirror Port Commands This section describes how to mirror traffic from a source port to a target port. Table 4-42 Mirror Port Commands Command Function Mode Page port monitor Configures a mirror session IC 4-156 show port monitor Shows the configuration for a mirror port PE 4-157 port monitor This command configures a mirror session. Use the no form to clear a mirror session.
MIRROR PORT COMMANDS • The destination port is set by specifying an Ethernet interface. • The mirror port and monitor port speeds should match, otherwise traffic may be dropped from the monitor port. • You can only create a single mirror session.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example The following shows mirroring configured from port 6 to port 11: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/11 Console(config-if)#port monitor ethernet 1/6 rx Console(config-if)#end Console#show port monitor Port Mirroring ------------------------------------Destination port(listen port):Eth1/11 Source port(monitored port) :Eth1/6 Mode :RX Console# Rate Limit Commands This function allows the network manager to control the maximum rate for traffic transmitted or received on an inte
RATE LIMIT COMMANDS rate-limit Use this command to define the rate limit level for a specific interface. Use this command without specifying a rate to restore the default rate limit level. Use the no form to restore the default status of disabled. Syntax rate-limit {input | output} level [rate] no rate-limit {input | output} • input – Input rate • output – Output rate • rate – Maximum value.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE rate-limit granularity Use this command to define the rate limit granularity for the Fast Ethernet ports, and the Gigabit Ethernet ports. Use the no form of this command to restore the default setting.
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS show rate-limit Use this command to display the rate limit granularity. Default Setting Fast Ethernet interface – 3.3 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet interface – 33.3 Mbps Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • For Fast Ethernet interfaces, the rate limit granularity is 8 Kbps, 64 Kbps, 512 Kbps, 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, or 3.3 Mbps. • For Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, the rate limit granularity is 32 Kbps, 64 Kbps, 512 Kbps, 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps, 3.3 Mbps, 10 Mbps, or 33.3 Mbps.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Table 4-44 Link Aggregation Commands Command Function Mode Page Manual Configuration Commands interface port-channel Configures a trunk and enters interface configuration mode for the trunk GC 4-143 channel-group Adds a port to a trunk IC (Ethernet) 4-163 Configures LACP for the current interface IC (Ethernet) 4-164 lacp system-priority Configures a port's LACP system priority IC (Ethernet) 4-166 lacp admin-key Configures a port's administration key IC (Ethernet)
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS • All the ports in a trunk have to be treated as a whole when moved from/to, added or deleted from a VLAN via the specified port-channel. • STP, VLAN, and IGMP settings can only be made for the entire trunk via the specified port-channel. Dynamically Creating a Port Channel – Ports assigned to a common port channel must meet the following criteria: • Ports must have the same LACP system priority. • Ports must have the same port admin key (Ethernet Interface).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • When configuring static trunks, the switches must comply with the Cisco EtherChannel standard. • Use no channel-group to remove a port group from a trunk. • Use no interfaces port-channel to remove a trunk from the switch.
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS Example The following shows LACP enabled on ports 11-13. Because LACP has also been enabled on the ports at the other end of the links, the show interfaces status port-channel 1 command shows that Trunk 1 has been established.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE lacp system-priority This command configures a port's LACP system priority. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} system-priority priority no lacp {actor | partner} system-priority • actor - The local side an aggregate link. • partner - The remote side of an aggregate link. • priority - This priority is used to determine link aggregation group (LAG) membership, and to identify this device to other switches during LAG negotiations.
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS lacp admin-key (Ethernet Interface) This command configures a port's LACP administration key. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} admin-key key [no] lacp {actor | partner} admin-key • actor - The local side an aggregate link. • partner - The remote side of an aggregate link. • key - The port admin key must be set to the same value for ports that belong to the same link aggregation group (LAG).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE lacp admin-key (Port Channel) This command configures a port channel's LACP administration key string. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} admin-key key [no] lacp {actor | partner} admin-key key - The port channel admin key is used to identify a specific link aggregation group (LAG) during local LACP setup on this switch.
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS lacp port-priority This command configures LACP port priority. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax lacp {actor | partner} port-priority priority no lacp {actor | partner} port-priority • actor - The local side an aggregate link. • partner - The remote side of an aggregate link. • priority - LACP port priority is used to select a backup link.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE show lacp This command displays LACP information. Syntax show lacp [port-channel] {counters | internal | neighbors | sysid} • port-channel - Local identifier for a link aggregation group. (Range: 1-4) • counters - Statistics for LACP protocol messages. • internal - Configuration settings and operational state for local side. • neighbors - Configuration settings and operational state for remote side. • sysid - Summary of system priority and MAC address for all channel groups.
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS Example Console#show lacp 1 counters Port channel: 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/ 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Sent : 21 LACPDUs Received : 21 Marker Sent : 0 Marker Received : 0 LACPDUs Unknown Pkts : 0 LACPDUs Illegal Pkts : 0 . . . Table 4-45 show lacp counters - display description Field Description LACPDUs Sent Number of valid LACPDUs transmitted from this channel group.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Console#show lacp 1 internal Port channel : 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Oper Key : 4 Admin Key : 0 Eth 1/1 ------------------------------------------------------------------LACPDUs Internal : 30 sec LACP System Priority : 32768 LACP Port Priority : 32768 Admin Key : 4 Oper Key : 4 Admin State : defaulted, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity Oper State : distributing, collecting, synchronization, aggregation, long timeout, LACP-activity . .
LINK AGGREGATION COMMANDS Table 4-46 show lacp internal - display description (Continued) Field Description Admin State, Oper State Administrative or operational values of the actor’s state parameters: • Expired – The actor’s receive machine is in the expired state; • Defaulted – The actor’s receive machine is using defaulted operational partner information, administratively configured for the partner. • Distributing – If false, distribution of outgoing frames on this link is disabled; i.e.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Console#show lacp 1 neighbors Port channel 1 neighbors ------------------------------------------------------------------Eth 1/1 ------------------------------------------------------------------Partner Admin System ID : 32768, 00-00-00-00-00-00 Partner Oper System ID : 32768, 00-00-00-00-00-01 Partner Admin Port Number : 1 Partner Oper Port Number : 1 Port Admin Priority : 32768 Port Oper Priority : 32768 Admin Key : 0 Oper Key : 4 Admin State : defaulted, distributing, collecting, s
ADDRESS TABLE COMMANDS Console#show lacp sysid Port Channel System Priority System MAC Address ------------------------------------------------------------------1 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 2 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 3 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 4 32768 00-30-F1-8F-2C-A7 Console# Table 4-48 show lacp sysid - display description Field Description Channel group System Priority* System MAC Address* A link aggregation group configured on this switch. LACP system priority for this channel group.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE mac-address-table static This command maps a static address to a destination port in a VLAN. Use the no form to remove an address. Syntax mac-address-table static mac-address interface interface vlan vlan-id [action] no mac-address-table static mac-address vlan vlan-id • mac-address - MAC address. • interface - ethernet unit/port -unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) -port - Port number.
ADDRESS TABLE COMMANDS • A static address cannot be learned on another port until the address is removed with the no form of this command. Example Console(config)#mac-address-table static 00-e0-29-94-34-de interface ethernet 1/1 vlan 1 delete-on-reset Console(config)# clear mac-address-table dynamic This command removes any learned entries from the forwarding database and clears the transmit and receive counts for any static or system configured entries.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) • sort - Sort by address, vlan or interface. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage • The MAC Address Table contains the MAC addresses associated with each interface.
ADDRESS TABLE COMMANDS mac-address-table aging-time This command sets the aging time for entries in the address table. Use the no form to restore the default aging time. Syntax mac-address-table aging-time seconds no mac-address-table aging-time seconds - Aging time. (Range: 10-1000000 seconds; 0 to disable aging) Default Setting 300 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The aging time is used to age out dynamically learned forwarding information.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Spanning Tree Commands This section includes commands that configure the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) globally for the switch, and commands that configure STA for the selected interface.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS Table 4-50 Spanning Tree Commands (Continued) Command Function spanning-tree protocol-migration Re-checks the appropriate BPDU format PE show spanning-tree Shows spanning tree configuration for the common spanning tree (i.e., overall bridge) or a selected interface Mode PE Page 4-193 4-193 spanning-tree This command enables the Spanning Tree Algorithm globally for the switch. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax [no] spanning-tree Default Setting Spanning tree is enabled.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE spanning-tree mode This command selects the spanning tree mode for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree mode {stp | rstp} no spanning-tree mode • stp - Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D) • rstp - Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1w) Default Setting rstp Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • Spanning Tree Protocol Uses RSTP for the internal state machine, but sends only 802.1D BPDUs.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS spanning-tree forward-time This command configures the spanning tree bridge forward time globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree forward-time seconds no spanning-tree forward-time seconds - Time in seconds. (Range: 4 - 30 seconds) The minimum value is the higher of 4 or [(max-age / 2) +1].
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting 2 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command sets the time interval (in seconds) at which the root device transmits a configuration message. Example Console(config)#spanning-tree hello-time 5 Console(config)# spanning-tree max-age This command configures the spanning tree bridge maximum age globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree max-age seconds no spanning-tree max-age seconds - Time in seconds.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS a new root port is selected from among the device ports attached to the network. Example Console(config)#spanning-tree max-age 40 Console(config)# spanning-tree priority This command configures the spanning tree priority globally for this switch. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree priority priority no spanning-tree priority priority - Priority of the bridge.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE spanning-tree pathcost method This command configures the path cost method used for Rapid Spanning Tree. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree pathcost method {long | short} no spanning-tree pathcost method • long - Specifies 32-bit based values that range from 0-200,000,000. • short - Specifies 16-bit based values that range from 0-65535.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS Default Setting 3 Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage This command limits the maximum transmission rate for BPDUs. Example Console(config)#spanning-tree transmission-limit 4 Console(config)# spanning-tree spanning-disabled This command disables the spanning tree algorithm for the specified interface. Use the no form to reenable the spanning tree algorithm for the specified interface.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE spanning-tree cost This command configures the spanning tree path cost for the specified interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree cost cost no spanning-tree cost cost - The path cost for the port.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS spanning-tree port-priority This command configures the priority for the specified interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax spanning-tree port-priority priority no spanning-tree port-priority priority - The priority for a port. (Range: 0-240, in steps of 16) Default Setting 128 Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This command defines the priority for the use of a port in the Spanning Tree Algorithm.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • You can enable this option if an interface is attached to a LAN segment that is at the end of a bridged LAN or to an end node. Since end nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can pass directly through to the spanning tree forwarding state.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • This command is used to enable/disable the fast spanning-tree mode for the selected port. In this mode, ports skip the Discarding and Learning states, and proceed straight to Forwarding. • Since end-nodes cannot cause forwarding loops, they can be passed through the spanning tree state changes more quickly than allowed by standard convergence time.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting auto Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Specify a point-to-point link if the interface can only be connected to exactly one other bridge, or a shared link if it can be connected to two or more bridges. • When automatic detection is selected, the switch derives the link type from the duplex mode. A full-duplex interface is considered a point-to-point link, while a half-duplex interface is assumed to be on a shared link.
SPANNING TREE COMMANDS Command Usage If at any time the switch detects STP BPDUs, including Configuration or Topology Change Notification BPDUs, it will automatically set the selected interface to forced STP-compatible mode. However, you can also use the spanning-tree protocol-migration command at any time to manually re-check the appropriate BPDU format to send on the selected interfaces (i.e., RSTP or STP-compatible).
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • For a description of the items displayed under “Spanning-tree information,” see “Configuring Global Settings” on page 3-132. For a description of the items displayed for specific interfaces, see “Displaying Interface Settings” on page 3-136. Example Console#show spanning-tree Spanning-tree information --------------------------------------------------------------Spanning tree mode: RSTP Spanning tree enabled/disabled: enabled Priority: 40960 Bridge Hello Time (sec.
VLAN COMMANDS VLAN Commands A VLAN is a group of ports that can be located anywhere in the network, but communicate as though they belong to the same physical segment. This section describes commands used to create VLAN groups, add port members, specify how VLAN tagging is used, and enable automatic VLAN registration for the selected interface.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • Use the VLAN database command mode to add, change, and delete VLANs. After finishing configuration changes, you can display the VLAN settings by entering the show vlan command. • Use the interface vlan command mode to define the port membership mode and add or remove ports from a VLAN. The results of these commands are written to the running-configuration file, and you can display this file by entering the show running-config command.
VLAN COMMANDS • state - Keyword to be followed by the VLAN state. - active - VLAN is operational. - suspend - VLAN is suspended. Suspended VLANs do not pass packets. Default Setting By default only VLAN 1 exists and is active. Command Mode VLAN Database Configuration Command Usage • no vlan vlan-id deletes the VLAN. • no vlan vlan-id name removes the VLAN name. • no vlan vlan-id state returns the VLAN to the default state (i.e., active). • You can configure up to 255 VLANs on the switch.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Configuring VLAN Interfaces Table 4-53 Configuring VLAN Interfaces Command Function Mode Page interface vlan Enters interface configuration mode for a specified VLAN IC 4-198 switchport mode Configures VLAN membership mode IC for an interface 4-199 switchport Configures frame types to be accepted IC acceptable-frame-types by an interface 4-200 switchport ingress-filtering Enables ingress filtering on an interface IC 4-201 switchport native vlan Configures the PVID (na
VLAN COMMANDS Example The following example shows how to set the interface configuration mode to VLAN 1, and then assign an IP address to the VLAN: Console(config)#interface vlan 1 Console(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0 Console(config-if)# Related Commands shutdown (4-148) switchport mode This command configures the VLAN membership mode for a port. Use the no form to restore the default.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example The following shows how to set the configuration mode to port 1, and then set the switchport mode to hybrid: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport mode hybrid Console(config-if)# Related Commands switchport acceptable-frame-types (4-200) switchport acceptable-frame-types This command configures the acceptable frame types for a port. Use the no form to restore the default.
VLAN COMMANDS Related Commands switchport mode (4-199) switchport ingress-filtering This command enables ingress filtering for an interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax [no] switchport ingress-filtering Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • Ingress filtering only affects tagged frames.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE switchport native vlan This command configures the PVID (i.e., default VLAN ID) for a port. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport native vlan vlan-id no switchport native vlan vlan-id - Default VLAN ID for a port.
VLAN COMMANDS switchport allowed vlan This command configures VLAN groups on the selected interface. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax switchport allowed vlan {add vlan-list [tagged | untagged] | remove vlan-list} no switchport allowed vlan • add vlan-list - List of VLAN identifiers to add. • remove vlan-list - List of VLAN identifiers to remove. • vlan-list - Separate nonconsecutive VLAN identifiers with a comma and no spaces; use a hyphen to designate a range of IDs.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE • If a VLAN on the forbidden list for an interface is manually added to that interface, the VLAN is automatically removed from the forbidden list for that interface. Example The following example shows how to add VLANs 1, 2, 5 and 6 to the allowed list as tagged VLANs for port 1: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport allowed vlan add 1,2,5,6 tagged Console(config-if)# switchport forbidden vlan This command configures forbidden VLANs.
VLAN COMMANDS Example The following example shows how to prevent port 1 from being added to VLAN 3: Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#switchport forbidden vlan add 3 Console(config-if)# Displaying VLAN Information Table 4-54 Show VLAN Commands Command Function Mode Page show vlan Shows VLAN information NE, PE 4-205 show interfaces status vlan Displays status for the specified VLAN interface NE, PE 4-151 show interfaces switchport Displays the administrative and operation
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Normal Exec, Privileged Exec Example The following example shows how to display information for VLAN 1: Console#show vlan id 1 Vlan ID: Type: Name: Status: Ports/Port channel: 1 Static DefaultVlan Active Eth1/ 1(S) Eth1/ 2(S) Eth1/ 6(S) Eth1/ 7(S) Eth1/11(S) Eth1/12(S) Eth1/16(S) Eth1/17(S) Eth1/21(S) Eth1/22(S) Eth1/26(S) Eth1/ 3(S) Eth1/ 8(S) Eth1/13(S) Eth1/18(S) Eth1/23(S) Eth1/ 4(S) Eth1/ 9(S) Eth1/14(S) Eth1/19(S) Eth1/24(S) Eth1/ 5(S) Eth1/10(S) Eth1/15(S) Eth1
VLAN COMMANDS This section describes commands used to configure private VLANs.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE 5. 6. Use the switchport private-vlan mapping command to assign a port to a primary VLAN. Use the show vlan private-vlan command to verify your configuration settings. To configure isolated VLANs, follow these steps: 1. 2. 3. 4. Use the private-vlan command to designate an isolated VLAN that will contain a single promiscuous port and one or more isolated ports. Use the switchport mode private-vlan command to configure one port as promiscuous (i.e.
VLAN COMMANDS Default Setting None Command Mode VLAN Configuration Command Usage • Private VLANs are used to restrict traffic to ports within the same community or isolated VLAN, and channel traffic passing outside the community through promiscuous ports. When using community VLANs, they must be mapped to an associated “primary” VLAN that contains promiscuous ports. When using an isolated VLAN, it must be configured to contain a single promiscuous port. • Port membership for private VLANs is static.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE private vlan association Use this command to associate a primary VLAN with a secondary (i.e., community) VLAN. Use the no form to remove all associations for the specified primary VLAN. Syntax private-vlan primary-vlan-id association {secondary-vlan-id | add secondary-vlan-id | remove secondary-vlan-id} no private-vlan primary-vlan-id association • primary-vlan-id - ID of primary VLAN. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes). • secondary-vlan-id - ID of secondary (i.e, community) VLAN.
VLAN COMMANDS switchport mode private-vlan Use this command to set the private VLAN mode for an interface. Use the no form to restore the default setting. Syntax switchport mode private-vlan {host | promiscuous} no switchport mode private-vlan • host – This port type can subsequently be assigned to a community or isolated VLAN. • promiscuous – This port type can communicate with all other promiscuous ports in the same primary VLAN, as well as with all the ports in the associated secondary VLANs.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE switchport private-vlan host-association Use this command to associate an interface with a secondary VLAN. Use the no form to remove this association. Syntax switchport private-vlan host-association secondary-vlan-id no switchport private-vlan host-association secondary-vlan-id - ID of secondary (i.e, community) VLAN. (Range: 1-4094, no leading zeroes).
VLAN COMMANDS Default Setting None Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage Host ports assigned to a isolated VLAN cannot pass traffic between group members, and must communicate with resources outside of the group via a promiscuous port. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/3 Console(config-if)#switchport private-vlan isolated 3 Console(config-if)# switchport private-vlan mapping Use this command to map an interface to a primary VLAN.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/2 Console(config-if)#switchport private-vlan mapping 2 Console(config-if)# show vlan private-vlan Use this command to show the private VLAN configuration settings on this switch. Syntax show vlan private-vlan [community | isolated | primary] • community – Displays all community VLANs, along with their associated primary VLAN and assigned host interfaces.
GVRP AND BRIDGE EXTENSION COMMANDS GVRP and Bridge Extension Commands GARP VLAN Registration Protocol defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to automatically register VLAN members on interfaces across the network. This section describes how to enable GVRP for individual interfaces and globally for the switch, as well as how to display default configuration settings for the Bridge Extension MIB.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage GVRP defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register VLAN members on ports across the network. This function should be enabled to permit automatic VLAN registration, and to support VLANs which extend beyond the local switch. Example Console(config)#bridge-ext gvrp Console(config)# show bridge-ext This command shows the configuration for bridge extension commands.
GVRP AND BRIDGE EXTENSION COMMANDS switchport gvrp This command enables GVRP for a port. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax [no] switchport gvrp Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/6 Console(config-if)#switchport gvrp Console(config-if)# show gvrp configuration This command shows if GVRP is enabled. Syntax show gvrp configuration [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console#show gvrp configuration ethernet 1/6 Eth 1/ 6: GVRP configuration: Enabled Console# garp timer This command sets the values for the join, leave and leaveall timers. Use the no form to restore the timers’ default values. Syntax garp timer {join | leave | leaveall} timer_value no garp timer {join | leave | leaveall} • {join | leave | leaveall} - Which timer to set. • timer_value - Value of timer.
GVRP AND BRIDGE EXTENSION COMMANDS • Timer values must meet the following restrictions: - leave >= (2 x join) - leaveall > leave Note: Set GVRP timers on all Layer 2 devices connected in the same network to the same values. Otherwise, GVRP may not operate successfully. Example Console(config)#interface ethernet 1/1 Console(config-if)#garp timer join 100 Console(config-if)# Related Commands show garp timer (4-219) show garp timer This command shows the GARP timers for the selected interface.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example Console#show garp timer ethernet 1/1 Eth 1/ 1 GARP timer status: Join timer: 100 centiseconds Leave timer: 60 centiseconds Leaveall timer: 1000 centiseconds Console# Related Commands garp timer (4-218) Priority Commands The commands described in this section allow you to specify which data packets have greater precedence when traffic is buffered in the switch due to congestion. This switch supports CoS with four priority queues for each port.
PRIORITY COMMANDS Table 4-58 Priority Commands (Layer 2) (Continued) Command Function queue bandwidth Assigns round-robin weights to the priority GC queues 4-223 queue cos map Assigns class-of-service values to the priority queues IC 4-224 PE 4-225 show queue bandwidth Shows round-robin weights assigned to the PE priority queues 4-226 show queue cos-map Shows the class-of-service map PE 4-226 show interfaces switchport Displays the administrative and operational PE status of an interface
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage You can set the switch to service the queues based on a strict rule that requires all traffic in a higher priority queue to be processed before lower priority queues are serviced, or use Weighted Round-Robin (WRR) queuing that specifies a relative weight of each queue. WRR uses a predefined relative weight for each queue that determines the percentage of service time the switch services each queue before moving on to the next queue.
PRIORITY COMMANDS frames). This priority does not apply to IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagged frames. If the incoming frame is an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tagged frame, the IEEE 802.1p User Priority bits will be used. • This switch provides eight priority queues for each port. It is configured to use Weighted Round Robin, which can be viewed with the show queue bandwidth command.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage WRR controls bandwidth sharing at the egress port by defining scheduling weights. Example This example shows how to assign WRR weights to priority queues 1 - 3: Console(config)#queue bandwidth 6 9 12 Console(config)# Related Commands show queue bandwidth (4-226) queue cos-map This command assigns class of service (CoS) values to the priority queues (i.e., hardware output queues 0 - 3). Use the no form set the CoS map to the default values.
PRIORITY COMMANDS Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • CoS values assigned at the ingress port are also used at the egress port. • This command sets the CoS priority for all interfaces.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE show queue bandwidth This command displays the weighted round-robin (WRR) bandwidth allocation for the four priority queues. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show queue bandwidth Queue ID Weight -------- -----0 1 1 2 2 4 3 6 Console# show queue cos-map This command shows the class of service priority map. Syntax show queue cos-map [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit.
PRIORITY COMMANDS Example Console#show queue Information of Eth CoS Value : 0 Priority Queue: 0 Console# cos-map ethernet 1/1 1/1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 1 2 2 3 3 Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) Table 4-60 Priority Commands (Layer 3 and 4) Command Function Mode Page map ip port Enables TCP class of service mapping GC 4-228 map ip port Maps TCP socket to a class of service IC 4-228 map ip precedence Enables IP precedence class of service mapping GC 4-228 map ip precedence Maps IP precedence v
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE map ip port (Global Configuration) This command enables IP port mapping (i.e., class of service mapping for TCP/UDP sockets). Use the no form to disable IP port mapping. Syntax [no] map ip port Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port, IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority.
PRIORITY COMMANDS Command Mode Interface Configuration (Ethernet, Port Channel) Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port, IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • This command sets the IP port priority for all interfaces.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE map ip precedence (Interface Configuration) This command sets IP precedence priority (i.e., IP Type of Service priority). Use the no form to restore the default table. Syntax map ip precedence ip-precedence-value cos cos-value no map ip precedence • precedence-value - 3-bit precedence value. (Range: 0-7) • cos-value - Class-of-Service value (Range: 0-7) Default Setting The list below shows the default priority mapping.
PRIORITY COMMANDS map ip dscp (Global Configuration) This command enables IP DSCP mapping (i.e., Differentiated Services Code Point mapping). Use the no form to disable IP DSCP mapping. Syntax [no] map ip dscp Default Setting Disabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The precedence for priority mapping is IP Port, IP Precedence or IP DSCP, and default switchport priority. • IP Precedence and IP DSCP cannot both be enabled.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting The DSCP default values are defined in the following table. Note that all the DSCP values that are not specified are mapped to CoS value 0.
PRIORITY COMMANDS show map ip port Use this command to show the IP port priority map. Syntax show map ip port [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number. (Range: 1-26/50) • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-4) Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example The following shows that HTTP traffic has been mapped to CoS value 0: Console#show map ip port TCP port mapping status: enabled Port Port no.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE show map ip precedence This command shows the IP precedence priority map. Syntax show map ip precedence [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number.
PRIORITY COMMANDS show map ip dscp This command shows the IP DSCP priority map. Syntax show map ip dscp [interface] interface • ethernet unit/port - unit - Stack unit. (Range – SMC6224M: 1-8, SMC6248M: 1-4, mixed stack: 1-4) - port - Port number. (Range: 1-26/50) • port-channel channel-id (Range: 1-4) Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show map ip dscp ethernet 1/1 DSCP mapping status: enabled Port DSCP COS --------- ---- --Eth 1/ 1 0 0 Eth 1/ 1 1 0 Eth 1/ 1 2 0 Eth 1/ 1 3 0 .
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Multicast Filtering Commands This switch uses IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) to query for any attached hosts that want to receive a specific multicast service. It identifies the ports containing hosts requesting a service and sends data out to those ports only. It then propagates the service request up to any neighboring multicast switch/router to ensure that it will continue to receive the multicast service.
MULTICAST FILTERING COMMANDS ip igmp snooping This command enables IGMP snooping on this switch. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax [no] ip igmp snooping Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Global Configuration Example The following example enables IGMP snooping. Console(config)#ip igmp snooping Console(config)# ip igmp snooping vlan static This command adds a port to a multicast group. Use the no form to remove the port.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Global Configuration Example The following shows how to statically configure a multicast group on a port: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping vlan 1 static 224.0.0.12 ethernet 1/5 Console(config)# ip igmp snooping version This command configures the IGMP snooping version. Use the no form to restore the default.
MULTICAST FILTERING COMMANDS show ip igmp snooping This command shows the IGMP snooping configuration. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage See “Configuring IGMP Snooping and Query Parameters” on page 3-185 for a description of the displayed items.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Mode Privileged Exec Command Usage Member types displayed include IGMP or USER, depending on selected options. Example The following shows the multicast entries learned through IGMP snooping for VLAN 1: Console#show mac-address-table multicast vlan 1 igmp-snooping VLAN M'cast IP addr. Member ports Type ---- --------------- ------------ ------1 224.1.2.
MULTICAST FILTERING COMMANDS ip igmp snooping querier This command enables the switch as an IGMP querier. Use the no form to disable it. Syntax [no] ip igmp snooping querier Default Setting Enabled Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage If enabled, the switch will serve as querier if elected. The querier is responsible for asking hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage The query count defines how long the querier waits for a response from a multicast client before taking action. If a querier has sent a number of queries defined by this command, but a client has not responded, a countdown timer is started using the time defined by ip igmp snooping query-max- response-time. If the countdown finishes, and the client still has not responded, then that client is considered to have left the multicast group.
MULTICAST FILTERING COMMANDS ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time This command configures the query report delay. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time seconds no ip igmp snooping query-max-response-time seconds - The report delay advertised in IGMP queries. (Range: 5-25) Default Setting 10 seconds Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage • The switch must be using IGMPv2 for this command to take effect.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time This command configures the query timeout. Use the no form to restore the default. Syntax ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time seconds no ip igmp snooping router-port-expire-time seconds - The time the switch waits after the previous querier stops before it considers the router port (i.e., the interface which had been receiving query packets) to have expired.
MULTICAST FILTERING COMMANDS Static Multicast Routing Commands Table 4-66 Static Multicast Routing Commands Command Function Mode Page ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter Adds a multicast router port GC 4-245 show ip igmp snooping Shows multicast router ports mrouter PE 4-246 ip igmp snooping vlan mrouter This command statically configures a multicast router port. Use the no form to remove the configuration.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Example The following shows how to configure port 11 as a multicast router port within VLAN 1: Console(config)#ip igmp snooping vlan 1 mrouter ethernet 1/11 Console(config)# show ip igmp snooping mrouter This command displays information on statically configured and dynamically learned multicast router ports. Syntax show ip igmp snooping mrouter [vlan vlan-id] vlan-id - VLAN ID (Range: 1-4094) Default Setting Displays multicast router ports for all configured VLANs.
IP INTERFACE COMMANDS IP Interface Commands An IP addresses may be used for management access to the switch over your network. The IP address for this switch is obtained via DHCP by default. You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server when it is powered on. You may also need to a establish a default gateway between this device and management stations or other devices that exist on another network segment.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Default Setting DHCP Command Mode Interface Configuration (VLAN) Command Usage • You must assign an IP address to this device to gain management access over the network. You can manually configure a specific IP address, or direct the device to obtain an address from a BOOTP or DHCP server. Valid IP addresses consist of four numbers, 0 to 255, separated by periods. Anything outside this format will not be accepted by the configuration program.
IP INTERFACE COMMANDS ip default-gateway This command establishes a static route between this switch and devices that exist on another network segment. Use the no form to remove the static route. Syntax ip default-gateway gateway no ip default-gateway gateway - IP address of the default gateway Default Setting No static route is established. Command Mode Global Configuration Command Usage A gateway must be defined if the management station is located in a different IP segment.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • This command issues a BOOTP or DHCP client request for any IP interface that has been set to BOOTP or DHCP mode via the ip address command. • DHCP requires the server to reassign the client’s last address if available. • If the BOOTP or DHCP server has been moved to a different domain, the network portion of the address provided to the client will be based on this new domain. Example In the following example, the device is reassigned the same address.
IP INTERFACE COMMANDS show ip redirects This command shows the default gateway configured for this device. Default Setting None Command Mode Privileged Exec Example Console#show ip redirects IP default gateway 10.1.0.254 Console# Related Commands ip default-gateway (4-249) ping This command sends ICMP echo request packets to another node on the network. Syntax ping host [size size] [count count] • host - IP address or IP alias of the host. • size - Number of bytes in a packet.
COMMAND LINE INTERFACE Command Usage • Use the ping command to see if another site on the network can be reached. • Following are some results of the ping command: - Normal response - The normal response occurs in one to ten seconds, depending on network traffic. - Destination does not respond - If the host does not respond, a “timeout” appears in ten seconds. - Destination unreachable - The gateway for this destination indicates that the destination is unreachable.
APPENDIX A SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS Software Features Authentication Local, RADIUS, TACACS, Port (802.1X), HTTPS, SSH, Port Security Access Control Lists IP, MAC (up to 88 lists) DHCP Client Port Configuration 100BASE-TX: 10/100 Mbps, half/full duplex 1000BASE-T: 10/100 Mbps at half/full duplex, 1000 Mbps at full duplex Flow Control Full Duplex: IEEE 802.
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS Spanning Tree Algorithm Spanning Tree Protocol (STP, IEEE 802.1D) Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w) VLAN Support Up to 255 groups; port-based or tagged (802.
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS RMON Groups 1, 2, 3, 9 (Statistics, History, Alarm, Event) Standards IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol and traffic priorities IEEE 802.1p Priority tags IEEE 802.1Q VLAN IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802.1X Port Authentication IEEE 802.3-2002 Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet Full-duplex flow control Link Aggregation Control Protocol IEEE 802.
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS Management Information Bases Bridge MIB (RFC 1493) Entity MIB (RFC 2737) Ether-like MIB (RFC 2665) Extended Bridge MIB (RFC 2674) Extensible SNMP Agents MIB (RFC 2742) Forwarding Table MIB (RFC 2096) IGMP MIB (RFC 2933) Interface Group MIB (RFC 2233) Interfaces Evolution MIB (RFC 2863) IP Multicasting related MIBs MAU MIB (RFC 2668) MIB II (RFC 1213) Port Access Entity MIB (IEEE 802.
APPENDIX B TROUBLESHOOTING Problems Accessing the Management Interface Table B-1 Troubleshooting Chart Symptom Action Cannot connect using Telnet, web browser, or SNMP software • Be sure the switch is powered up. • Check network cabling between the management station and the switch. • Check that you have a valid network connection to the switch and that the port you are using has not been disabled.
TROUBLESHOOTING Table B-1 Troubleshooting Chart (Continued) Symptom Action Cannot connect using Secure Shell • If you cannot connect using SSH, you may have exceeded the maximum number of concurrent Telnet/SSH sessions permitted. Try connecting again at a later time. • Be sure the control parameters for the SSH server are properly configured on the switch, and that the SSH client software is properly configured on the management station.
USING SYSTEM LOGS Using System Logs If a fault does occur, refer to the Installation Guide to ensure that the problem you encountered is actually caused by the switch. If the problem appears to be caused by the switch, follow these steps: 1. Enable logging. 2. Set the error messages reported to include all categories. 3. Designate the SNMP host that is to receive the error messages. 4. Repeat the sequence of commands or other actions that lead up to the error. 5.
TROUBLESHOOTING B-4
GLOSSARY Access Control List (ACL) ACLs can limit network traffic and restrict access to certain users or devices by checking each packet for certain IP or MAC (i.e., Layer 2) information. Boot Protocol (BOOTP) BOOTP is used to provide bootup information for network devices, including IP address information, the address of the TFTP server that contains the devices system files, and the name of the boot file.
GLOSSARY Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP) Provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network. DHCP is based on the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), adding the capability of automatic allocation of reusable network addresses and additional configuration options. Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) EAPOL is a client authentication protocol used by this switch to verify the network access rights for any device that is plugged into the switch.
GLOSSARY IEEE 802.1D Specifies a general method for the operation of MAC bridges, including the Spanning Tree Protocol. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Tagging—Defines Ethernet frame tags which carry VLAN information. It allows switches to assign endstations to different virtual LANs, and defines a standard way for VLANs to communicate across switched networks. IEEE 802.1p An IEEE standard for providing quality of service (QoS) in Ethernet networks.
GLOSSARY IGMP Query On each subnetwork, one IGMP-capable device will act as the querier — that is, the device that asks all hosts to report on the IP multicast groups they wish to join or to which they already belong. The elected querier will be the device with the lowest IP address in the subnetwork. Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) A protocol through which hosts can register with their local router for multicast services.
GLOSSARY Link Aggregation See Port Trunk. Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) Allows ports to automatically negotiate a trunked link with LACP-configured ports on another device. Management Information Base (MIB) An acronym for Management Information Base. It is a set of database objects that contains information about a specific device. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm An algorithm that is used to create digital signatures.
GLOSSARY Port Mirroring A method whereby data on a target port is mirrored to a monitor port for troubleshooting with a logic analyzer or RMON probe. This allows data on the target port to be studied unobstructively. Port Trunk Defines a network link aggregation and trunking method which specifies how to create a single high-speed logical link that combines several lower-speed physical links. Private VLANs Private VLANs provide port-based security and isolation between ports within the assigned VLAN.
GLOSSARY Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) The application protocol in the Internet suite of protocols which offers network management services. Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) SNTP allows a device to set its internal clock based on periodic updates from a Network Time Protocol (NTP) server. Updates can be requested from a specific NTP server, or can be received via broadcasts sent by NTP servers. Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA) A technology that checks your network for any loops.
GLOSSARY User Datagram Protocol (UDP) UDP provides a datagram mode for packet-switched communications. It uses IP as the underlying transport mechanism to provide access to IP-like services. UDP packets are delivered just like IP packets – connection-less datagrams that may be discarded before reaching their targets. UDP is useful when TCP would be too complex, too slow, or just unnecessary.
INDEX Numerics 802.
INDEX GVRP global setting 4-215 interface configuration 3-158, 4-217 GVRP, global setting 3-148 H hardware version, displaying 3-13, 4-83 HTTPS 3-54, 4-42 HTTPS, secure server 3-54, 4-42 I IEEE 802.1D 3-127, 4-182 IEEE 802.1w 3-127, 4-182 IEEE 802.
INDEX port priority configuring 3-169, 4-220 default ingress 3-169, 4-222 STA 3-138, 4-189 port security, configuring 3-64, 4-103 port, statistics 3-115, 4-152 ports autonegotiation 3-92, 4-145 broadcast storm threshold 3-109, 4-149 capabilities 3-92, 4-146 duplex mode 3-91, 4-144 flow control 3-91, 4-147 speed 3-91, 4-144 ports, configuring 3-88, 4-142 ports, mirroring 3-111, 4-156 primary VLAN 3-161 priority, default port ingress 3-169, 4-222 private VLANs, configuring 3-160, 3-161, 4-207 problems, troubl
INDEX setting 3-22, 4-92 static addresses, setting 3-122, 4-176 statistics port 3-115, 4-152 STP 3-132, 4-182 STP Also see STA system clock, setting 3-42, 4-71 System Logs 3-33 system software, downloading from server 3-22, 4-86 T TACACS+, logon authentication 3-50, 4-101 time, setting 3-42, 4-71 traffic class weights 3-174, 4-223 trap manager 2-13, 3-46, 4-138 troubleshooting B-1 trunk configuration 3-93, 4-161 LACP 3-97, 4-164 static 3-95, 4-163 U upgrading software 3-22, 4-86 Index-4 user password 3-
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