DART 200 CDPD Modem For CDPD Versions 1.0 and 1.1 User’s Guide Firmware Version 3.0.10 Revision 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User's Guide ? NOTE: This guide provides the information necessary to program the Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200 for operation on Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) 1.0 or 1.1 networks. The factory default is for 1.1 mode. If you need to operate in CDPD 1.0 mode, refer to Selecting CDPD 1.0 or 1.1 mode of operation, p. 2-8, for detailed instructions. The guide provides information for use with the current released version of the DART 200 software (3.0.10).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Important Notice The Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) can only be exported from the US, or re-exported to another country with the issuance of an export license from the US Government. Contact Sierra Wireless for more information. Because of the nature of wireless communications, transmission and reception of data can never be guaranteed. Data can be delayed, corrupted, or be totally lost.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User's Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Contents Figures xi Tables xii About This Guide xiii 1 PN1197-00 Revision 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User's Guide 2 3 4 5 Sierra Wireless, Inc. Installation and Setup 2-1 Field installation Physical installation considerations Antenna considerations Troubleshooting 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-4 Getting started Modem setup Basic modem personalization Selecting CDPD 1.0 or 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 6 7 8 PN1197-00 Revision 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User's Guide Auto-Registration/De-Registration at connection/disconnection 8-8 Deregistration 8-8 Sierra Wireless, Inc.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide A Limited Warranty and Service A-1 Limited warranty A-1 Service A-1 B Product Specifications B-1 Power requirements Mobile Stationary Peak Power cable Size Weight Operating environment RF power output Frequency range Data rates Antenna Antenna cable Data connection Data cable Protocols B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-2 B-2 C Charts and Diagrams C-1 D SLIP Setup Examples D-1 Trumpet Installation and startup D-1 D-1 Windows 95 D-3 E
DART 200 CDPD Modem User's Guide G Loading DART 200 Firmware G-1 Firmware download procedure G-1 H Problem Sheet Glossary Sierra Wireless, Inc.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Figures Figure 1-1. DART 200 front view Figure 2-1. Installing DART 200 with mounting bracket Figure 2-2. S-Register bit positions Figure 2-3. Viewing the network S-Register (S57) Figure 2-4. Monitoring the CDPD channel Figure 2-5. Viewing registration status with ATS57? Figure 4-1. Checking NEI status with AT\S? Figure 5-1 Terminal connection to a CDPD network using SLIP Figure 6-1. Standard RS-232 connection Figure 6-2. Stand-alone RS-232 Figure 6-3.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Tables Table 1-1. Basic AT command set Table 1-2. Service Provider AT command set Table 2-1. S-Registers above 100 Table 2-2. Registration failure troubleshooting Table 3-1. Key types Table 5-1. Remote UDP setup Table 5-2. Host UDP setup Table 5-3. Remote TCP setup Table 5-4. Host TCP setup Table 6-1. Typical null modem pinout Table 8-1. Telemetry options for PAD Mode Table C-1. Pin functions Table C-2. RS-232 signal interface Table E-1. S-Register digits Table E-2.
About This Guide Who should read this guide This User’s Guide is designed to assist application software developers with setup, installation, testing, and design of applications for the Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200. Skills required to use this guide The reader requires a basic working knowledge of Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and the use of the Attention (AT) command set to use this guide.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide About This Guide Chapter 6, Device Attachment, describes the RS-232 interface to the DART, what a null modem is, and how to determine if one is required. Chapter 7, Vehicle Installation, discusses the items to consider when installing the DART 200 in a vehicle.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide About This Guide • Sample TCP setups, p. 5-19 • Automatic SLIP restart bullet point, p. 5-24 • Telnet operation, p. 5-31 • Maximum packet size transmit control, p. 8-9 • Escape transmit control, p. 8-10 • Hardware flow control operation, p. 8-13 • PAD operating mode, p. 8-14 • RS-232 signal levels and states, in Table C-2, RS-232 signal interface, p. C-2 • Channel acquisition restrictions, p. 8-21 • Modem dial directory, p.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide About This Guide Compliances FCC ? NOTE: This unit was tested with shielded cables on the peripheral devices. Shielded cables must be used with the unit to insure compliance. ? NOTE: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference caused by unauthorized modifications to this equipment. Such modification could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment. Sierra Wireless, Inc.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide About This Guide Safety information CAUTION: A caution calls attention to a procedure or practice if not performed correctly could result in loss of data or damage to equipment. !! WARNING: Denotes a hazard. A warning calls attention to a procedure or practice if not performed correctly could result in personal injury.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Chapter 1 Introduction Description The Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200, as shown in Figure 1-1, is a wireless, multipurpose, programmable modem that provides reliable, cost effective mobile and fixed communications over the Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network. It is a 3-watt, half-duplex device operating on a regulated 12 volts @ 2.5 amps, and contains flash memory to allow software upgrades to be made in the field.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 1 Introduction From a networking perspective, the modem has complete built-in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), and telnet protocols. Network communications can be achieved without the attached end-user device having to provide an integrated TCP or UDP capability. Select the desired built-in protocol included in the DART 200 by using the appropriate AT dial command and begin your data transfer.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 1 Introduction Contacting your cellular carrier There are currently two cellular carriers in each market area: the A side carrier and the B side carrier. Each carrier can potentially install and enable CDPD on their cellular network. The CDPD network allows end-users to visit the regions of other carriers, as well as move within their home cellular system. ? NOTE: The EID is found on the label on the bottom of your DART 200.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide ? NOTE: Either the M-ES or F-ES can initiate CDPD communication. 1 Introduction 3. Data packets are routed by the MDIS through the appropriate network to the Fixed End System (F-ES), usually a host computer over a public or private data network. 4. If a response is required from the F-ES, the process is reversed. The role of the DART 200 in the CDPD network is to: 1. Accept commands and digital data from the end-user application equipment through the RS-232 port. 2.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 1 Introduction Do not enter an AT command that requires a parameter without using one, as the missing parameter defaults to zero. For example, if you entered AT\N without a value in the range of 1 to 4, the command defaults to AT\N0. The \N0 setting also forces \J1, causing channel acquisition problems. Similarly, the same thing can happen with concatenation.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 1 Introduction Table 1-1. Basic AT command set (cont.) *C *E *G *K *L *M *P *R *S *T *U Enable/Disable SLIP TCP Header Compression Enable Network Connection with PIN SLIP Multicast Address Selection TCP PAD Keep Alive Set Listen Port Number Set MAS IP Address for SLIP Ping Remote Host Automatic SLIP Restart Start SLIP (Serial Line IP) Mode Telnet Keep Alive Unblock Modem - Pin Access Table 1-2.
Chapter 2 Installation and Setup Field installation Physical installation considerations P TIP: Use the optional mounting bracket to simplify the physical installation, refer to Figure C-1 for the mounting bracket template. PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 The Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200 is designed for both stationary and mobile applications. The guidelines for modem installation are: • Environment - The standalone DART 200 is ruggedly constructed.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Figure 2-1. Installing DART 200 with mounting bracket Sierra Wireless, Inc.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Antenna considerations ? NOTE: Snub-nosed (rubber duck) antennas, although they may work in some areas, are NOT recommended. The DART 200 uses standard mobile cellular radio signals and any standard cellular antenna of good quality with a maximum gain of 3 dB (FCC requirement) will function properly subject to the following guidelines: • Locate the antenna as far away from personnel as possible to minimize signal blocking.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Troubleshooting ? NOTE: To aid in troubleshooting use an IBM-compatible PC with an ASCII terminal emulator, such as Procomm, Terminal, Kermit, Hyperterminal, or a Mac with White Knight. The DART 200 is thoroughly inspected during manufacturing. There are no end-user access items within the case of the modem.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Getting started Before opening the DART 200 box, but preferably before it arrives, check that the following equipment is available: • A 12.0 V DC regulated power source with 2.5 amp capability. You can either provide your own, or order the power source as an option with the DART 200 • A standard cellular antenna of good quality with a maximum gain of 3 dB.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup 2. To proceed, your PC must have the ASCII terminal emulation program installed and active, and be attached to the CDPD modem by the PC communications cable. To verify the setup, enter AT and press ENTER: an OK response should return. To verify that the connection is with the DART 200 and not with an internal modem, enter ATI1 and press ENTER. If the response is the modem software version and date, proceed to Basic modem personalization.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup • Entering the IP Address with an AT^An.n.n.n. It defaults to being put into the first entry in the IP Address table (NEI 0). For more information, refer to the AT^A command in Appendix F, DART AT Command Set • Verify that the IP Address was entered correctly using AT\S? 2. Examine the Modem Operational Parameters (Modem Profile).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Selecting CDPD 1.0 or 1.1 mode of operation DART firmware Version 3.0.1 and above can operate in either CDPD 1.0 or 1.1 mode; prior firmware versions support only CDPD 1.0. The firmware version can be determined by the ATI1 command. The default is to operate in CDPD 1.1 mode, but in areas where CDPD 1.1 is not yet active, the operating mode can be changed to CDPD 1.0. To set CDPD 1.0 mode, set S-Register 95 to 8 (default is 11) as follows: 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup The values associated with the bit positions are listed below. Bit Position 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Value 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 For example, if register bits 0,3, and 5 are on, the register value would be 1+8+32=41. Channel acquisition For the DART 200 to acquire a channel for operation it must have a good antenna and an MDBS near enough to deliver a signal that is strong enough to be received by the modem.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup 3. If the channel is not available for CDPD use, the DART continues searching, dropping the allowable signal level by 10 dB after each pass through all the cellular channels on the side it is searching, until it finds a usable channel or reaches the weakest allowable signal level (-110 dBm). 4.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup 3. If the CDPD channel’s BLER is acceptable, the DART acquires the power product, current CDPD operating parameters, and adjacent channel lists from the MDBS. If the channel BLER is not satisfactory, the modem goes to the next best CDPD channel in the list and repeats this step using the next best channel. 4. Once a channel is acquired, there is no guarantee that the modem stays there very long.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide • 2 Installation and Setup By viewing the Network Status Register (S-Register 57) with the AT&V command or the ATS57? command. This is the recommended method, because viewing S-Register 57 shows other useful information, as shown in Figure 2-3 Figure 2-3. Viewing the network S-Register (S57) ATS57? 160 OK A value of 128 (bit 7 on) or higher indicates that the modem acquired a channel.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup If the problem persists after checking the above possibilities, try power cycling the modem. If that fails to help, contact your modem supplier for assistance. To determine if you have a channel restriction problem check the setting of the \J parameter with an AT&V. If it is \J0 then the DART 200 has no channel restrictions, so this can be eliminated as a possible source of the problem.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup If the modem stabilizes for short periods before restarting the search, the AT&V+ output shown in Table 2-1 can be useful. S-Register 102 contains the RSSI value in dBm. The less negative the number the stronger the signal, for example, for CDPD 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup The bit definitions in Figure 2-5 are as follows: • • • Channel acquired indicator (bit 7) Automatic registration switch (bit 5) Registration indicator (bit 0) An odd value in S-Register 57 indicates a registered modem. ? NOTE: Most carriers and equipment manufacturers follow these guidelines making problem determination easier. If these guidelines are not followed, more ingenuity is required.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup 5 NEI successfully registered The descriptions of S-Registers 56 and 126 usually give a good idea of what the problem is. The following section describes some of the most common conditions leading to registration failures. Troubleshooting registration failure The most common conditions leading to registration failures and possible solutions are listed in Table 2-2.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Table 2-2. Registration failure troubleshooting (cont.) Condition Result Code Solution Invalid IP Address 3 or 1 (on some systems) 1. If the side setting is OK, verify that the modem’s IP Address is correct, by using the AT\S? command to view the IP Address. If the modem has more than one IP Address in the table, verify that the active NEI, the one with the asterisk (*) to the left, is correct.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Table 2-2. Registration failure troubleshooting (cont.) Condition Result Code Authentication (credentials) problem (cont.) Solution credentials to be reset. Trying to register a modem after doing this will cause a credentials error because the reset values in the modem do not match the values the MDIS has for that IP Address from prior usage.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Table 2-2. Registration failure troubleshooting (cont.) Condition Result Code Solution Power supply problem Not applicable The DART operates on a voltage of 11 to 16 VDC with a current rating of 2.5 amps. Voltage level fluctuations caused by using an unregulated power supply, or a supply with too low a current rating will cause the modem to experience a power reset.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup Basic communications The final step in the initial setup process is to confirm that the DART 200 can communicate with the network by performing a ping. The DART 200 sends a fixed length character string to another device that is registered on the network, and requests that it be echoed back. However, to do a ping you need the address of another registered device.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 2 Installation and Setup If increasing the time-out period does not correct the time-out failures, the problem could be that the other device is not registered, or that the path to it is not operational. Check with those responsible for the other device to see that it is operational and registered. Next, check S-Register 57 to see if you have a channel and are still registered. If you are, then verify that the IP Address of the ping target is correct.
Chapter 3 CDPD Security Features Airlink security The Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) network is a public wireless data communications service vulnerable to casual eavesdropping. To minimize this possibility, a data encryption mechanism is provided for all non-broadcast communications between the Mobile Data Intermediate System (MDIS) and the Mobile End System (M-ES). If activated by the carrier, encryption services are implemented by the MDIS.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 3 CPDP Security Features Modem security management Two types of modem security are provided for the DART 200: • Personal Identification Number (PIN) - Protects against unauthorized use of the CDPD network. A PIN can be required before the modem can gain access to the CDPD network • Service Provider Key (SPK) - Protects against modem operating parameters being altered.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 3 CDPD Security Features Table 3-1. Key types (cont.) SPK Prevents unauthorized changes to the modems operating parameters. These include selected S-Registers as well as modem IP Addresses. In addition, the use of selected AT commands, including several of the security management commands, is also controlled by this key. This key is enabled by the AT^P command. If entered incorrectly three times in a row, it will become BLOCKED.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
4 Broadcast and Multicast Operation Overview Broadcast and multicast are Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) functions that support sending the same data to a large group of IP Addresses with a single transmission to the CDPD network. This capability is implemented through Mobile Data Intermediate System (MDIS) software. The facility was originally defined for Fixed End System (F-ES) (host) to Mobile End System (M-ES) (terminal) transmissions.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 4 Broadcast and Multicast Operation Broadcast The Broadcast function is used on a geographic coverage basis. To support this function the MDIS is set up with a Broadcast Network Entity Identifier (NEI) that includes a list of the Mobile Data Base Stations (MDBSs) in the desired broadcast area in its definition. There can be multiple broadcast areas within the coverage area of a single MDIS.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 4 Broadcast and Multicast Operation Multicast setup For multicast set up the DART 200 with a multicast IP Address and an associated Group Multicast Identifier (GMID), in addition to the normal IP Address, as follows: 1. Enter the Multicast NEI (like any other IP Address) by using the AT^A command. 2. Select the NEI for multicast use with the AT\S+n command, where n is the slot number in the DART 200’s IP Address list. 3.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 4 Broadcast and Multicast Operation Some software stacks, used when the DART 200 operates in Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) mode, only receive broadcast messages (including multicast) on a specific IP destination address, specifically the point-to-point NEI.
5 DART Supported Protocols UDP User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is the most basic transmission protocol provided by the Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200. It is a thin protocol, adding only a port specification to the underlying Internet Protocol (IP). It has the same features as IP, that is a best effort, connectionless delivery service with the chief benefit being minimum overhead. UDP is not considered reliable because packet delivery is not guaranteed.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols While UDP offers the possibility of using fewer data packets and less total bytes to implement an application than TCP, adding the features already described can consume some of these savings, and requires a major programming effort. The DART 200 provides basic UDP, available since the DART was first commercially available, and the UDP server, which become available with firmware version 3.0.4 for the DART in April, 1996.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide ? NOTE: Even though a successful ATDP command receives a CONNECT response a connection was not established. 5 DART Supported Protocols Even though a successful ATDP command receives a CONNECT response a connection was not established. The ATDP merely passes the IP Address and port number of the destination system to the DART 200, where they are stored for use in constructing UDP headers for the data packets that follow.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Because UDP is a connectionless protocol, a single M-ES can communicate with multiple M-ESs at the same time as long as timing considerations are closely followed. When a DART 200 receives a datagram from another M-ES: 1. The DART 200 removes the source address information (IP Address and port number) and saves it to use as the destination address for its response message. 2.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols To set up the options, first, review Chapter 8, Application Programming, and the command descriptions in Appendix F, DART AT Command Set before setting the following parameters, then proceed to step 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols • Receive locking capability to allow the DART 200 to function as a UDP server by holding off incoming messages until the preceding message is answered • Eliminates the need for the M-ES and Host modems to use a common port number.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide • • 5 DART Supported Protocols Receive locking Backwards compatibility The details of these options follow. • Friends Only Mode - Restricts communication with the modem (for security reasons) to a predefined group of addresses (friends) This feature is controlled by S-Register 82 which enables and disables the comparison of datagram source addresses against a list stored in the DART 200’s destination dial directory. Refer to the AT&Z command in Modem dial directory, p.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide This feature is controlled by bit 1 of S-Register 82. The default is backward compatibility enabled (bit 1 = 1). When this bit is on the UDP server does not generate a random port number as the source port when the MAS issues an ATDP, but instead uses the port number specified in the destination address of the dial command. In backward compatibility client mode, the destination port cannot be the same as the modem’s listening port if the UDP server is active.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols • The modem’s server listening port is disabled for the duration of any active client session.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols • • • The modem enters the online mode The source address is saved The datagram is passed to the MAS In the answering modes already discussed: 1. The modem accepts incoming UDP datagrams. 2. The modem strips off the UDP header, and passes the packets on to the attached device for processing. 3. Responses are assembled and transmitted as described in steps 1 and 2 for UDP clients. 4.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Sample UDP server setups These settings give a general sense of the AT commands required to set up a DART 200 for a UDP application. All relevant AT commands are listed, including the defaults. All devices function differently, so the setups that follow are general. These setups show specific items to examine, but it is good practice to examine all of the setup values.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Table 5-1. Remote UDP setup (cont.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Table 5-2. Host UDP setup AT Command AT^Annn.nnn.nnn.nnn AT\N[1,2] AT\J0 PN1197-00 Revision 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols TCP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is an advanced transmission protocol that adds substantial functionality to the underlying Internet Protocol it is built on. Because of this structure it is often referred to as TCP/IP. The advantage of TCP is reliability of data transmission; achieved by using positive acknowledgments with retransmission if required.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols This bit is significant only when the TCP connection is established passively (server mode). When the connection is established actively (by an ATDT command), incoming packets are accepted from the destination address specified in the dial command regardless of whether or not it is contained in the friends list.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols 5. The data packet is directed by the network routers to the appropriate port on the designated server. If the server or the data path becomes inactive between the time the connection is established and the time data transmission starts, the MAS is informed by an error message being returned. ? NOTE: Time-outs are not a consideration if auto answer is enabled.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols 4. Once the data block is received it is ready for processing. Any necessary error-checking, resequencing, and so on, is handled by the TCP software and is not the responsibility of the MAS. The handling of network connectivity issues (such as loss of carrier), as opposed to data delivery and sequencing (provided by TCP), is the responsibility of the MAS. Refer to Error recovery, p. 8-4, for guidelines on error handling. 5.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Many of the following profile parameters apply and need to be evaluated before proceeding to step 1. Some need to be set to provide the proper application operating environment, and others can be allowed to default. Review application programming in Chapter 8, Application Programming, and the command descriptions in Appendix F, DART AT Command Set.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols 4. In any TCP application where the remote system only operates in server mode, consider the use of the TCP keep-alive option (*K). It is possible for the central client system to fail after establishing a session with a remote server. If the client fails its end of the TCP session closes, but the server end remains open.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Table 5-3. Remote TCP setup AT Command AT^Annn.nnn.nnn.nn n AT\N[1,2] AT\J0 AT\R4 ATS13=0 AT\O0 AT*A1 ATS0 =1 AT*L2100 ATE0 ATV0 ATQ0 ATF1 ATX1 AT&C1 AT&D0 AT&E2 AT&S0 AT\F3 AT\M0 AT\Q0 AT\T1 AT*B0 AT*C1 AT*G1 AT*K2 ATS86 = 3 AT*R0 AT*T0 Sierra Wireless, Inc.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Host TCP setup The host (client) modem is set up to support polling of remote devices by the host computer. The host uses flow control and the data being sent is binary, not character data. The polling function does not require the TCP server, but requires flow control, and timed data forwarding because of the binary data. Use this setup only for bench testing or a limited use trial.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Table 5-4. Host TCP setup (cont.) AT Command AT*K0 AT*R0 AT*T0 Req Opt Def Description D Use default - Keep-alives not needed at central site D Use default - Does not apply to TCP D Use default - Does not apply to TCP SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol (SLIP) is the defacto standard for encapsulating TCP/IP protocol over dedicated and/or switched serial lines.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide • • • • 5 DART Supported Protocols TCP/IP keep-alives (*Kn) TCP PAD operating mode (\On) Telnet keep-alives (*Tn) Automatic transmit control (\Tn) The following profile parameters are operational in command or SLIP modes and need to be evaluated to determine their proper settings: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Command mode echo (En) Data set ready (DSR) operation (&Sn) Online mode echo (Fn) Restrict Channel Selection (\Jn) Quiet mode (Qn) Side preference (\Nn) Verbose
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Automatic SLIP restart specifies that the DART 200 always enters SLIP mode following power on or modem reset. It lets Winsock applications rely on the modem always being in SLIP mode, particularly following a power off/on cycle. When this feature is active the modem is not in command mode following power on. This can sometimes be inconvenient.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols A simplified block diagram of a terminal connection to a CDPD network using the SLIP interface is shown in Figure 5-1. Figure 5-1 Terminal connection to a CDPD network using SLIP #1 RS-232 Link MAS (Terminal) AirLink #2 #3 CDPD Network M-ES MC-DART #1 - Local Terminal (MAS) IP Address #2 - DART SLIP Interface IP Address #3 - DART (registered NEI) IP Address The three IP Addresses are: 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols 3. The DART (registered NEI) IP Address is known to the network and is obtained from your service provider. This IP Address is set using the following service provider command: AT^An.n.n.n/x, where: x defines which slot (0-9) in the address table to use. If not entered, x defaults to 0.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols SLIP initial testing After the IP Addresses are set, the SLIP setup is completed, and the modem has been put into SLIP mode, determine if your setup is correct and that you have network connectivity by pinging the network. The ping command format can vary slightly depending on the program you are using. However, the following discussion provides basic guidance regardless of the TCP/IP stack used.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols Telnet The telnet capability within TCP/IP is designed to provide support for ASCII terminals to communicate with text-oriented server applications on host systems. As implemented in the DART 200, the telnet support mode provides the capability for the modem to emulate such a terminal; the default is the DEC VT100 but the actual type is negotiated with (dictated by) the server.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide • 5 DART Supported Protocols Data Forwarding Operation • Manual Transmit Control (AT\Mn) - Controls the use of the characters (specified in S-Registers 51 and 52) for data forwarding while in online mode. The default for this parameter is \M0 (disabled). The default for S-Register 51 is , that takes effect only if manual transmit control is enabled.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide • 5 DART Supported Protocols Terminal Emulation Negotiation - S-Register 78 determines the terminal emulation type to offer first when negotiating with the telnet host system. The current list is: • • • 0 = DEC-VT100 (default) 1 = DEC-VT52 2 = UNKNOWN Default is for most specific first, such as 0.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 5 DART Supported Protocols New for this version The telnet binary mode (\Bn) was removed from the AT command set, because a telnet remote login session should not be started with this function enabled. Binary mode considerations Binary operation is available for telnet but only as a telnet escape command. Requesting binary mode does not guarantee that it can be established because the option is negotiated with the remote host.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
6 Device Attachment RS-232 connection The DART 200 has an RS-232 DB9 interface. If the remote device has a similar interface, then any standard PC communications cable functions as a connector between the two. Otherwise, refer to Data and control interface, p. 8-14, for a discussion of the RS-232 leads and the minimum number required for operation. Standard RS-232 communications cables function properly for distances up to 50 feet.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 6 Device Attachment Figure 6-2. Stand-alone RS-232 DTE Computer DCE RS-232 Terminal The problem with this occurs when modems are inserted between the DTE and a remote device with a DCE interface. The modem expects to communicate with a DTE interface. Since this is not the case at the remote end, where the DCE modem is trying to talk to a DCE device, a communications failure results. The solution for this situation is a null modem connector.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 6 Device Attachment To identify this problem connect a PC directly to the device and establish communication. If communication is established, the device uses a DCE interface and requires a null modem to communicate with the DART 200. Null modem adapters are available as stand-alones; that look like an RS-232 gender-changer, or as null modem cables. Null modem adapters are available from electronics stores and are well suited for application development.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
7 Vehicle Installation Considerations Electrical transients When a Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200 is installed in a vehicle it is usually powered from the vehicle’s electrical system. Transients or temporary outages that can occur during starts or other vehicle operations, can cause the DART 200 to reset the power. These transients can also impact the attached Mobile Application Subsystem (MAS).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 7 Vehicle Installation Considerations The application program in the MAS has no way of knowing before attempting a send or receive operation if the modem is still in online mode. The application can be designed to assume that the modem is always online, or to always check that it is online before performing the send or receive operation.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 7 Vehicle Installation Considerations In this situation, separate the antennas as far as possible and then run a field test when the two-way radio is also being used. If the DART 200 works satisfactorily you do not have a problem, but if it does not filtering is required. A bandpass filter on the two-way radio’s transmitter output eliminates harmonics that can interfere with the cellular frequencies.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Chapter 8 Application Programming The Data Access Radio Transceiver (DART) 200 offers built-in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), and telnet support, but most end-user application programming that interacts with the modem uses TCP, UDP, or SLIP. Telnet is used primarily as a path to applications on remote hosts with the local device being an ASCII terminal or, more likely, a PC emulating an ASCII terminal.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Device drivers The DART 200 requires no special device drivers. Serial communications port support provided by the PC Operating System is all that is needed. For modem setup any ASCII terminal emulator, such as Terminal, Hyperterminal, Procomm, Kermit, and so on, is appropriate. For applications use the normal communications port I/O commands supported by the programming language you use.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming 4. For a modem functioning as a server, (answering calls or being polled) activate the appropriate server, TCP (with AT*A1) or UDP (with AT*A2). The connection can be established automatically by having auto answer active (S-Register 0 =1), or manually by issuing an ATA command when the RING message occurs, as described in Auto Answer setup, p. 8-11.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Error recovery Good application design includes provisions for handling errors. Insert code to perform the error-handling function after every operation where an error might occur, such as after every AT command, where the most likely failure is modem power loss, and after every communications operation where these five distinct errors are possible: 1. Loss of modem power. 2. Loss of radio signal. 3. Loss of network registration. 4.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming With three variables and only two signal lines, decide which two of the three items are most crucial to the application. Usually, RF in range and registration state are tracked. If both of these statuses are present, then a Dial command (ATD) can be issued. To determine more than two items of status the MAS escapes to command mode and reads the network status register (S-Register 57).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming 70 71 72 73 75 76 78 79 Network is unreachable Network dropped connection or reset Software caused connection abort Connection reset by peer Socket is already connected Socket is not connected Connection timed out Connection refused (for DART to DART the server function is not active or is of the wrong type) 81 Host is down 82 Host is unreachable • S-Register 101 (CDPD available flag) - Indicates not only if the modem acquired a channel, but als
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide • • • • 8 Application Programming Manual registration Automatic registration at power-on Automatic registration whenever the modem is not registered Automatic registration when connection originates These options are described in detail after Registration Timer. Registration timer S-Register 13 is the timing register (default 60 seconds) used in conjunction with the registration function.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Auto-Registration when not registered CAUTION: If the timer is set to 0, and a manual registration (AT\R1) is tried and fails to complete, the registration attempt never times out. The DART requires a power cycle to clear this condition. This function is the same as Auto-Registration at power-on, except that in addition to executing AT\R4 command, the timer value is set to zero.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Manual transmit control This feature (AT\Mn) controls the recognition of data forwarding characters in the data stream by the packet assembler when in online mode. If enabled, the DART 200 recognizes the receipt of either of two data forwarding characters from the MAS as a condition to transmit the data in the packet buffer.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Maximum packet size transmit control This feature is not under end-user control. It causes the data buffer to be transmitted if the maximum packet size is reached and the conditions covered by either, or both, of the above features are not met, for example, if the packet is very large. It is also a backup if both of the above features are inadvertently disabled.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Escape transmit control A default feature of the modem causing any data remaining in the packet buffer to be transmitted before the modem returns to command mode. The escape can be performed by the three-character escape sequence, or by transitioning DTR with &D1 or &D2 specified. If your transmission consists of a single packet, this technique can be used to forward the data.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming 2. To use the ATA method, the MAS must have a device. Read command is pending on the COM port and issues an ATA command in response to the incoming Ring. OR S-Register 0 = 1 enables the DART 200 to remain permanently in auto answer mode; making call answering fully automatic (recommended, especially) when dealing with low intelligence terminals not capable of issuing an ATA command. 3.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Flow control and the new end-user Flow control often causes problems when applications are first online. Flow control is not operational when the modem is in command mode and not interacting with the CDPD network. Since an end-user’s initial experience with the DART 200 is normally in command mode, it is not unusual for them to experience a flow control caused modem lockup when first using online functions, such as registration or ping.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Hardware flow control operation The DART 200 communicates with the MAS using the CTS lead (modem controlled) when receiving data, and sensing the RTS lead (MAS controlled) when sending data. When the modem receives data from the MAS it holds the CTS line in the ON state and only transitions it to the OFF condition to exert flow control (stop data transmission from the MAS).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Table 8-1. Telemetry options for PAD Mode Command Description \O0 Select PAD Mode \O1 • F0 Local echo in online mode • \M1 Enable manual data forwarding • \T0 Disable automatic data forwarding Select Telnet Mode • F1 Remote echo in online mode • \M0 Disable manual data forwarding • \T1 Enable automatic data forwarding After changing \O be sure to verify that the coupled parameters are still set appropriately.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming 2. Is the modem still registered? 3.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Flow control considerations Software Flow Control cannot be used. Instead, Hardware Flow Control (\Q2) (default), or no flow control (\Q0) must be used because in a binary data stream any byte can inadvertently have the same bit configuration as the XON or XOFF control characters. In addition to the device receiving unexpected flow control, the data character is stripped from the data stream, causing unpredictable application results.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Bypassing character parity relies on the fact that the DART passes all 8-bits if operating in 8N1 format, and does not autobaud or check character formats in online mode. However, it requires that the MAS be able to dynamically change the character format used; between 7-bit with parity and 8-bit with no parity. If the DART 200 operates in server mode (responding to calls): 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Shutting down a CDPD session in an orderly fashion after an abnormal termination at the F-ES side of the session, eliminates the possibility of the DART 200 having a half open TCP/IP connection, which usually requires a power cycle to clear. This can be a serious problem if the DART is in a remote location. The default for this feature is not enabled (*K0). This facility works in transmit only mode, receive only mode, or in both modes.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Escape sequence considerations The escape sequence is one of two ways the MAS forces the DART 200 to leave online or SLIP mode and return to command mode. The other is to drop the DTR line, as described in Escaping through the control interface, p. 8-16. CAUTION: Do not reduce the guard time to zero, because this exposes the application to an unwanted escape if three successive escape characters inadvertently appear in the data stream.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming • Verbose Mode (Vn) - Controls whether the DART 200’s command responses are textual or numeric. The default is enabled (V1). This is recommended for manual interaction with the DART 200, such as initial setup. The verbose response consists of a text string preceded and followed by a /. Terse responses consist of a numeric response code followed by a only. Terse responses are appropriate for application use.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Channel acquisition restrictions ? NOTE: If a \N0 command is entered, which frequently happens when a new user inadvertently enters an illegal AT\N? command, it forces home only mode; a combination of \J1 and \N0. This prevents channel acquisition unless a WASI or LASI is entered or \J is reset to \J0. This feature of the modem limits the RF channels available for modem use.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming If the DART 200 is attached to a device that operates at a different speed or data format, an appropriate AT&L command, followed by an AT&W (to save the change) must be issued. Executing the AT&L command disables autobaud and fixes (locks) the DART 200 to settings in the AT&L command. Available bauds are 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and 19.2K.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming 1. If your application involves transmitting relatively large data files, test the data transfer using a variety of block sizes. Begin with the large blocks preferred by your customer. Get some throughput timings and develop an average. If operating in a sniff-and-hop CDPD environment, there can be significant variation in the timings. If CDPD operates on dedicated channels variations are much less.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide 8 Application Programming Entries with port numbers can be used as both ping targets and in the friends’ list. The port numbers are ignored if not required by the command or function. Messages and response codes The DART 200 provides information to the MAS concerning its operation by response codes and messages. By default (X1) the modem presents one of 10 response codes in verbose (textual) or terse (numeric) format.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Appendix A Limited Warranty and Service Limited warranty Sierra Wireless, Inc. (Sierra Wireless) warrants your DART CDPD Modem model 200 against all defects in materials and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of shipment, subject to the following terms and conditions: The DART 200 Cellular Packet Data Modem (CDPD) is compatible with both version 1.0 and 1.1 of the CDPD Specification, meeting FCC requirements for the modem, and is compatible with cellular base stations as of Feb.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide A Limited Warranty and Service If you are having trouble with your modem, or to obtain warranty service or out-of warranty repair, please call Sierra Wireless Support (604.231.1100) between 8:00 am and 5:00 PM Pacific Time. If it is necessary to return the modem, you will be given an RMA number, asked to fill out the form shown in Appendix H, and to return it with the modem, shipped prepaid, to the address shown below.
Appendix B Product Specifications Power requirements Mobile 11.0 to 16.0 VDC; 13.8 VDC nominal operating voltage, +/- 1.0 V maximum ripple; maximum current 2.5 A; 3.0 A line fusing required. Stationary 120 VAC operation with optional UL/CSA approved AC power adapter Peak Transmit: 2.5A; Receive: 300 ma Power cable Six (6) ft. 20 AWG; Red positive, Black negative. Connector is a Molex Micro-Fit 3.0 (PN 43025-0200); Pins (2) (PN 43030-0001) Size 6.3 in x 3.4 in x 1.0 in (16 cm x 8.64 cm x 2.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide B Product Specifications 3 watts (maximum) Frequency range Transmit: 824 to 849 MHz, Receive: 869 to 894 MHz Data rates Airlink: 19,200 bits per second, half duplex Serial interface: 300 to 19,200 bps auto select Antenna Standard cellular antenna of good quality with a maximum gain of 3 dB. Female TNC connection. Snub-nosed (rubber-duck) antenna are not recommended.
Appendix C Charts and Diagrams Figure C-1 shows the hole pattern for the mounting bracket. Use a 4-40 machine screw, a 4-25 tapping screw, or a 0.125 DIA rivet to fasten the bracket. A flat washer is not required because the bracket is made of hardened steel, but a lock washer is required. Figure C-1. Mounting bracket template 4" + + + + 1.8 " .14" Figure C-2 shows the modem connector pinout configuration. A straight cable is required between the DTE (computer or terminal) and the DCE (modem).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide C Charts and Diagrams The pin functions for pins labeled in Figure C-2 are listed in Table C-1 Table C-1.
Appendix D SLIP Setup Examples Trumpet The Trumpet Winsock is a shareware Windows only package that is currently in widespread use. Support for it is available primarily through Internet E-mail and the USENET newsgroup at alt.winsock. Look for a file called winsock.zip and a set of basic applications (ftp, telnet, ping, etc.) in a file called winapps.zip at: ftp.psychol.utas.edu.au:/pub/pc/trumpet/winsock. Trumpet is frequently used to support the SLIP interface of CDPD modems including the DART.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide D SLIP Setup Examples To set up Trumpet: 1. Start Trumpet from Windows (Icon, or File/Run/TCPMAN). 2. On the Trumpet Winsock Screen, click on File then click on Setup. The Trumpet setup screen appears: 3. Set IP Address to DART NEI (IP Address). 4. Set Default Gateway to DART SLIP address (1.1.1.2 by convention). If this field is grayed out, turn off internal SLIP temporarily to access it. 5. Set MTU to 296 and MSS to 256. 6. Set Timeout = 5. 7.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide D SLIP Setup Examples 15. Put the DART into SLIP mode by entering an AT*S command. The ASCII terminal emulation program being used must be configured for the same speed as that set for the Trumpet baud rate or SLIP communication is not possible. (Recommended for first time users.) OR Create a startup script for use with the Trumpet Automatic Login feature: this issues the AT*S and read the OK response. 16. Restart Trumpet to activate the changes.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Appendix E S-Registers The configuration of the DART is accessible to the Mobile Application Subsystem (MAS) as a set of parameters known as Status (S)-Registers. Some registers can be updated directly with AT commands, others are read-only. The set of registers and modem options (also set with AT commands) is known as the configuration profile.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Registers 0 through 99 formats The AT&V command displays these registers as a group. Each S-Register is displayed as a three-position numeric field. The ATSn? command displays these registers individually, as three-digit numeric fields except for S-Register 53. S-Register 53 always displays as 000 in the group display, but shows the IP Address and port number of the client system (if any) in the individual display. If there is no client, the display is 000.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Register definitions ? NOTE: The bitmapped registers are in the reverse of some notation systems in wide use. Figure E-1 shows that in bitmapped registers bit 7 is the high order (leftmost) bit and bit 0 is the low order (rightmost) bit. Figure E-1. S-Register bit positions S-Register Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Table E-2 summarizes the S-Register set, valid parameter ranges, and factory default values [n].
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S14 (RO) (cont.) Value 2 3 4 5, 6, 7 Default Description • Quiet mode; see Q command (default is Q0) = 0 • Verbose mode; see V command (default is V1) = 8 • Unused • Escape mode; see &E command (default is &E2) = 64 S15 (SM) 0..255 10 RR Cell Change XID SER Threshold (1/10 = 10%) S16 (SM) 0..255 50 RR Cell Change XID SER Time (in 100 msec increments) S17 (SM) 0..255 10 Reserved S18 (SM) 0..
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S23 (RO) (cont.) Value 3,4,5 Default Description • Value Baud: 0 = 1200 1 = 2400 2 = 4800 3 = 9600 (default) = 24 4 = 19200 7 = 300 • 6 7 PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 S24 (SM) 0..255 140 S25 (SM) S26 (SM) S27 (SM) 0..255 0..255 0..255 0 3 140 S28 (SM) 0..255 140 S29 (SM) 0..255 90 S30 (SM) 0..255 10 S31 (SM) 0..255 10 S32 (SM) S33 (SM) S34 (SM) S35 (SM) 0..255 0..255 0..255 0..
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S45 (SM) Value 0..255 S46 (SM) 0..255 S47 (SM) 0..255 S48 (SM) S49 (SM) 0..255 0..255 S50 0..255 S51 S52 S53 (RO) 0..255 ASCII 0..255 ASCII char string S54 (RO) S55 (RO) S56 (RO) 0..255 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 250 251, 252 254 255 Sierra Wireless, Inc. Default Description 50 Cell Change RSSI time period XID override (V1.0) (in 0.1sec) RSSI Average time period XID override (V1.1) (in 0.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S57 (RO) Value bitmapped 0,1 2,3 4 5 6 7 S58 (RO) bitmapped 0 1 2,3 4,5 6 7 S59 (RO) S60 (SM) PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 0..
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S60 (SM) (cont.) Value 6 Default Description 64 Transmit frame logging 7 S61 (SM) bitmapped 0 1 2 3 128 143 4 5 6 7 S62 1.. 3 0 1 2 S63 (RO) Sierra Wireless, Inc. 3 24, 67...
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S64 (SM) Value bitmapped 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S65 (SM) S66 (SM) 0..255 0..255 S67 (SM) 0..255 S68 (SM) S69 (SM) 0..255 bitmapped 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S70 S71 0..255 0..100 S72 (SM) S73 (SM) S74 (SM) S75 (SM) 0..255 0..255 0..255 0..255 S76 (SM) S77 0..255 0..255 ASCII S78 S79 0, 1 bitmapped 0 S80 (SM) PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 1-7 0..
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S81 (SM) Value bitmapped 0 1 S82 (SM) 2-3 4 5 6-7 Bitmapped 0 1 2 3 4 S83 (SM) S84 (SM) S85 3-7 0..255 0..255 0..255 S86 1..255 S87 (RO) 1..255 S88 (SM) S89 (SM) S90 (SM) bitmapped 0 1 2 Sierra Wireless, Inc. S91 (SM) 3 4 5 6,7 0..255 S92 (SM) S93 (SM) S94 (SM) 0..255 0..255 0..255 Default Description 0 Value Function 1 TCP Server specified via *A1 2 UDP Server specified via *A2 ...
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S95 (SM) Value bitmapped 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 S96 (SM) S97 (SM) 7 0..255 bitmapped 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 S98 (SM) 7 0..255 S99 (SM) 0..255 S100 (RO) 1..1023 S101 (RO) 0,1 S102 (RO) 0...-255 S103 (RO) 0..7 S104 (RO) S105 (RO) S106 (RO) S107 (RO) 0..255 0..100 0..100 0..65,535 S108 (RO) 0..65.535 S109 (RO) 0..255 S110 (RO) 0..65,535 PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 Default Description 11 Value Function 1 Select CDPD version 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S111 (RO) S112 (RO) S113 (RO) S114 (RO) S115 (RO) S116 (RO) S117 (RO) Sierra Wireless, Inc. Value 0..FF (hex) Default Description Current Area/Cell Color code (0xnn format) 0..100 Current Tx BLER in % 0..255 Current SIE (Symbols in Error) 0 CDPD V1.1 - Current SPI 0..255, 1..255 CDPD V1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide E S-Registers Table E-2. Register summary (cont.) Register S125 (RO) S126 (RO) PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 Value 0..FFFF 0..
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Appendix F DART AT Command Set AT command set usage ? NOTE: Entering more than 80 characters at one time will cause and ERROR message AT commands can be concatenated (end-to-end or with a blank between commands) for up to a length of 80 characters including blanks. Some examples are shown below. • Normal command concatenation ATE1V1&D0&S1\F3\N2 AT\S?S57?&V • White space concatenation (for readability) AT E1 V1 &D0 &S1 \F3 \N2 Missing parameters on AT commands default to zero.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters A/ Repeat Repeats the last AT command. NOTE: An AT is not required preceding this command. A Answer Online Causes the DART to stop accepting commands and to wait for an incoming connection request on the active listening port (see also, *L command) for the amount of time specified in S Reg 7 (default - 20 seconds).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters (cont.) D (cont.) For a DART server the initial incoming datagram causes a RING message to be generated. If the auto answer is not specified by setting S-Register 0=1, the Ring message is repeated every 10 seconds for a total of 60 seconds. If the call is not answered by the server (either automatically or with an ATA) the client is not informed.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters (cont.) Format: D (cont.) ATDPs Sn s = destination address string plus optional modifiers Follows the T or the P Dial modifier, or replaces the string in the AT*P (PING) command. It causes one of the modem’s stored destination addresses to be used by the command involved. See the AT&Z command. Format: ATDTSn ; Select stored destination address from the modem’s address list where n = 0 to 9.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters (cont.) E Command Mode Echo Controls the echoing of characters when the modem is in command mode. Format: ATE0 Disable command mode character echo ATE1 Enable command mode character echo (default) Result codes: F OK Valid argument ERROR Invalid argument Online Mode Echo Controls the echoing of characters when the modem is in online mode.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters (cont.) I (cont.) O Result codes: OK Valid argument ERROR Invalid argument NOT ENABLED Must be in service provider mode Enter Online Mode Instructs the DART to return to the online state. Any following commands on the same command line are ignored. This command is used to get to online mode following an ATD; command, or to return to online mode following an escape.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters (cont.) V Verbose Result Codes Selects whether the responses to modem commands use terse or verbose format. Terse responses consist only of a numeric digit followed by a carriage return (register S3), while verbose responses consist of a text message preceded and followed by a carriage return/line feed. The responses and their terse/verbose formats are shown below.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-1. Commands beginning with letters (cont.) X Extended Result Codes Selects whether the DART enables extended result codes. By default all result codes are enabled. Format: ATX0 Enable only codes 0...4 Extended results are mapped as appropriate to code 0...
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-2. Commands beginning with ampersand (&) &C Set DCD Operation For serial ports, this command defines the usage of the data carrier detect (DCD) signal at the DART’s RS-232 interface. This signal can be tested by the MAS application to determine if the specified condition is true or false. Refer to Chapter 8, Application Programming, Data and control interface, for more information.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-2. Commands beginning with ampersand (&) (cont.) &E Escape Code Recognition Allows the recognition of the escape character sequence to be enabled or disabled. The Escape code is defined in S-Register 2 (default is a +); the escape guard time is defined in S-Register 12 (default is 50 units; where each unit is 1/50 sec.). If S-Register 12 is set to 0 the DART escape sequence approximates the Hayes escape sequence.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-2. Commands beginning with ampersand (&) (cont.) &L Set DART Line Speed and Format For serial ports, this command allows the Mobile Application Subsystem (MAS) to set the line speed and format. All subsequent communications between the MAS and the DART is at the new speed and format if the command completes successfully. These settings do not survive a modem power cycle unless saved with an &W.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-2. Commands beginning with ampersand (&) (cont.) &V View Active Profile and S-Registers Displays the active configuration of the DART modem. The following information is displayed: communications port settings, the status of AT commands E, V, Q, F, X, &C, &D, &E, &S, \F, \J, \M, \N, \O, \Q, \T, *A, *B, *C, *G, *K, *R and *T; S-Registers 0 to 99; and the EID number.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-2. Commands beginning with ampersand (&) (cont.) &Z Save Addresses (Dial Directory) Allows the user to save commonly used IP addresses in a nonvolatile memory location , where can be from 0 to 9. These addresses can be used as dial strings, ping targets, or to define friends (see Friends Only operation under TCP and UDP). A port number can also be included with the address.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-3. Commands beginning with backslash (\) (cont.) \J (cont.) Format: \M AT\J0 No restrictions on channel selection (default) AT\J1 LSAI (CDPD 1.0) or WASI (CDPD 1.1) mode . Use only channels that have the same LSAI or WASI as the active NEI. Will be forced by \N0. AT\J2 SPNI mode. Use only channels that have the same SPNI as the modem. AT\J3 Use only channels that have the same SPNI and LSAI (CDPD 1.0) or WASI (CDPD 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-3. Commands beginning with backslash (\) (cont.) \N (cont.) Format: AT\N2 B side only AT\N3 A side preferred (default) AT\N4 B side preferred Choose \N3 or \N4 only if the modem is used in a visiting (traveling) application \O Result codes: OK Valid argument ERROR Invalid argument Select PAD or Telnet Operating Mode Allows the user to select Packet Assembler/Disassembler (PAD) mode, or telnet mode for modem operations.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-3. Commands beginning with backslash (\) (cont.) \P Set PIN Requirement; Change PIN Allows the user to require, not require, or change the modem’s PIN. The PIN is used as a password to prevent unauthorized access to the CDPD network. Refer to Chapter 3, CDPD Security Features, Modem security management, and the AT*E command. The current PIN value cannot be displayed. The default PIN value is 0000.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-3. Commands beginning with backslash (\) (cont.) \R (cont.) Format: AT\R2 Register when connection is established, deregister when connection is terminated. Can be used only if the modem is operating as a client. AT\R3 Turn off \R2 option AT\R4 Auto-register when modem is powered on. If S-Register 13 is set to zero this option puts the modem into automatic registration mode.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-3. Commands beginning with backslash (\) (cont.) \T Automatic Transmit Control Enables the inter-character time-out data forwarding operation of the packet assembler in online mode. When the time between characters received from the MAS exceeds the time-out value specified in S-Register 50, the data in the packet buffer is transmitted. The time-out value is specified in tenths of seconds; the default is 20 (2 seconds).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-4. Commands beginning with asterisk (*) (cont.) *B Enable/Disable Reception of CDPD Broadcasts Enables or disables the reception of IP broadcast packets. Refer to Chapter 4, Broadcast and Multicast Operation, for more information.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-4. Commands beginning with asterisk (*) (cont.) *G SLIP Multicast Address Selection Permits the user to specify whether the multicast NEI or the modem’s active point-to-point NEI is passed, as the multicast data packet’s destination address, across the SLIP interface to the user’s TCP/IP stack in the MAS.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-4. Commands beginning with asterisk (*) (cont.) *K (cont.) Format: AT*K0 No keep-alives (default) AT*K1 Transmit only AT*K2 Receive (and discard) only AT*K3 Transmit/receive Result codes: *L OK Valid argument ERROR Invalid argument Set Listen Port Specifies the port number that the servers (TCP or UDP) listen on for connection requests or incoming data packets. This command can be issued at any time.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-4. Commands beginning with asterisk (*) (cont.) *P Ping Remote Host Issues ICMP Echo Requests to a Remote Host and waits for a response. The wait time-out between pings and the packet size s defined by the values in S-Registers 70 and 71. Ping runs continuously until stopped by pressing the RETURN key or until 20 consecutive time-outs occur, at which time the ping ceases and a summary of ping statistics is displayed.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-4. Commands beginning with asterisk (*) (cont.) *S Initiate SLIP (Serial Line IP Mode) Session Initiates a SLIP session on the serial port. It is also used to return to SLIP mode following an escape. SLIP mode can be escaped by using the escape sequence or by causing an active to inactive transition of the DTR lead with &D1 or &D2 specified.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-4. Commands beginning with asterisk (*) (cont.) *U Unblock Modem - PIN Access Can be used to unblock the modem if the PIN is forgotten or is entered incorrectly 3 times. The modem is unblocked for the express purpose of entering a new PIN. Whenever this command is executed, follow it immediately by the Set PIN command (AT\P=) to set a new (or restore the old) PIN value when the current PIN is not subject to validation.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide PN1197-00 Revision 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Clearing BLOCKED status When the Service Provider key is BLOCKED and an AT^P+ command is issued, the modem waits 30 seconds before responding with the BLOCKED response. This is intended to impose a barrier to any computer-generated attempt to determine the key value by hackers. Furthermore, at this point only the Master Key clears the BLOCKED condition.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-6. Service Provider commands beginning with caret (^) (cont.) ^F Force PIN Usage Enables the application developer to specify whether or not modem users require PINs. If the carrier does not require PINs, they can still be required by the user with the AT\P+ command. Format: AT^F0 PIN usage is not required (default). AT^F1 PIN usage is required.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-6. Service Provider commands beginning with caret (^) (cont.) Result codes: ^H (cont.) ^I OK Valid argument ERROR Invalid argument NOT ENABLED Modem is not in service provider mode Set the Service Provider Network ID (SPNI) Loads a SPNI into one of the 10 slots (numbered 0 - 9) in the DART’s SPNI table. Refer to the \J command in Chapter 2, Installation and Setup, Initial testing, for more information.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-6. Service Provider commands beginning with caret (^) (cont.) ^S Set DART SLIP Address Sets the SLIP IP Address of the Modem. This internal address is a private address between the modem and the terminal connected to the serial port and is unknown to the network. This address is often referred to as being the gateway, router or server address by the TCP/IP stacks that support SLIP operation.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-7 Service Provider commands beginning with dash (-) -L Lock on a Specific Channel Permits the DART to override normal Radio Resource Management functions and lock itself on a specific channel. This is useful at Trade Shows where exhibitors are often requested to operate on a specific channel. It is also helpful during initial testing when it sometimes is necessary to seek out a specific channel.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide F DART AT Command Set Table F-7. Service Provider commands beginning with dash (^) (cont.) -Z Display Current Authentication Credentials A diagnostic aid when modem registration fails after it has previously been able to successfully register. It shows the current values for the ASN (sequential) and ARN (random) authentication numbers. Zero values imply that the user has inadvertently reset the modem’s credentials, usually by reloading the IP Address.
Appendix G Loading DART 200 Firmware Periodically, the DART 200 firmware needs to be updated, because of improvements to the DART’s capabilities, corrections for problems, or to keep pace with the evolving CDPD standard. When this need occurs, a ZIP file containing the upgrade materials will be available on the Sierra Wireless Web site. If you do not have Internet access this file will also be available on diskette.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide G Loading DART 200 Firmware • If you see an *A1 or *A2 in the modem’s active profile enter: AT*A0&W • If you see an *A0, or do not see an *A at all, then proceed to step 4 4. Insert the download diskette into a floppy disk drive on your PC. Make that drive the active drive by typing the drive identifying letter (usually a:) at the DOS prompt followed by a colon ‘:’. For example, C:\> a: 5.
Appendix H Problem Sheet If you are having trouble with your modem, please call Sierra Wireless Support (604.231.1100). If it is necessary to return the modem for repair, you will be given an RMA number and asked to fill out this form and return it with the modem. Do not return the modem without obtaining an RMA number. Sierra Wireless Inc. #260 13151 Vanier Place Richmond, British Columbia V2V 2J2 Tel. 604.231.1100 Fax. 604.231.1109 Date:___________________ RMA No.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Glossary Acronyms AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System Original name given to the analog voice cellular telephone system. The standard for cellular telephone service in North and South America plus some Pacific rim countries. CDPD uses the same cells and RF channels as AMPS. API Application Programming Interface ARN Authentication Random Number One of two numbers used as part of the CDPD authentication procedure. See also, ASN.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide CDPD Glossary Cellular Digital Packet Data Wireless radio frequency (RF) packet switched data communication services. A communications system, operating over the existing AMPS cellular infrastructure, that provides services between Fixed End Systems (F-ES) and Mobile End Systems (M-ES).
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide DTE Glossary Data Terminal Equipment The official carrier name for the device (PC, MDT, RTU) attached to the modem (DCE). DTR Data Terminal Ready One of the RS-232 signal lines. Used to signal the modem (DCE) that the attached device (DTE) is ready to communicate (powered on). Can also be used by the modem to escape from data mode to command mode. EIA Electronic Industries Association A standards setting body.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide IEEE Glossary Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers A standards setting organization. IKE MDIS Key Exchange The MDIS initiated first step in exchanging encryption keys with the M-ES. IP Internet Protocol The basic Internet transport mechanism. In CDPD it operates above the MDLP layer. Also, a layer 3 network layer protocol. IP Address Your unique address on the Internet. This is the equivalent of your phone number on the CDPD network.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide M-ES Glossary Mobile End System Refers to the DART as a component in the CDPD network MDBS Mobile Data Base Station Cellular tower serving a specific geographical area. Communicates by radio with the DART and by landline, microwave, etc. with the MDIS. See also, cell. MDIS Mobile Data Intermediate Station Computer device that serves as the control point for CDPD in a specific area.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide PPP Glossary Point-to-point protocol An alternative communications protocol used between computers, or between computers and routers on the Internet. An enhanced SLIP. See also, SLIP. RC4 The encryption algorithm used by CDPD for data transmissions between the M-ES and the MDIS. RF Radio Frequency RI Ring Indicator One of the RS-232 signal lines. Not currently used by the DART.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide SIE Glossary Symbols In Error Count of how many 6-bit symbols (used by the FEC to organize the data stream) were in error in the last data block. See also, FEC. SIM Subscriber Identity Module. The part of the modem containing the IP Address and authentication credentials SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol The original alternative communications protocol used between computers, or between computers and routers on the Internet. See also, PPP.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide UA Glossary Unnumbered Acknowledgement The MDIS response to a SABME from the M-ES when a CDPD link is being established. UDP User Datagram Protocol A low overhead, nonguaranteed packet delivery IP protocol A standard TCP/IP protocol that allows an application on one machine to send a datagram to another application on another machine. V.42bis A data compression standard. Optionally used in CDPD to reduce traffic between the modem and the MDIS.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Glossary baud A unit of signaling speed which represents the number of discrete conditions or signaling events per send that are transmitted or received over the link. The frequency at which the transmission medium is modulated. Often used incorrectly to state data transmission speed. By using various modulation schemes it is possible to encode multiple bits/baud. See also, bps.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide full duplex Communications operation where simultaneous two-way data transmission occurs across the data link. Devices using this method can send and receive at the same time. half duplex Communications operation where data transmission occurs in either direction but not at the same time. Devices using this method can’t receive while sending or vice versa. handshaking Another term for flow control.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Glossary synchronous A method developed to transmit multiple characters (a data block) at one time. Each block of multiple 8-bit characters is preceded and followed by a synchronizing bit sequence to maintain character synchronization with the modem. Telnet PN1197-00 Revision 1.0 A protocol used for remote terminal connection service, allowing a user to login to a remote host computer and operate as if they were directly connected to that host.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Glossary wireline Sierra Wireless, Inc. A communications link which does involve a hardwired connection. An example of a wireline link is the public switched telephone network.
Index Symbols &C, 8-16 &C1, 8-4 &C4, 8-4 &D, 5-10, 5-24 &D0, 8-5 &D1, 8-5, 8-11 &D2, 8-5, 8-11 &Dn, 8-3 &E, 5-24 &E0, 8-20 &E1, 8-20 &E2, 8-20 &S, 8-16 &S0, 8-4 &S1, 8-4 &S2, 8-4 &S3, 8-4 &W, 5-24 &Z, 5-2, 5-15, 8-24 A A side definition, 1-3, 2-7 accessories DART 200, 1-2 hardware, 1-2 power, 1-2 RF, 1-2 software, 1-2 airlink, 8-17 role in CDPD network, 1-4 security, 3-1 speed, 8-23 antennas ground planes, 2-3 proximity to other antennas, 7-2 See also cellular antenna ASCII terminal emulators, 2-3, 8-1, 8-
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide A (cont.) AT\R2, 8-8 AT\R3, 8-8 AT\R4, 2-13, 2-15, 8-7, 8-8 AT\R5, 8-7 AT\Rn, 8-6 AT\S, 5-26 AT\S?, 2-6, 2-7, 2-8, 4-3, 5-26 ATS0=1, 5-6, 5-18, 8-12 AT\S+n, 4-3 AT\S-n, 4-3 ATSn?, 8-6 ATS13 = 0, 8-8 ATS102?, 2-13 ATS126?, 2-16 ATS13=0, 2-15 ATS53?, 5-3, 5-7, 5-10, 5-15, 5-16 ATS56?, 2-16 ATS57?, 2-12, 2-13, 2-15, 7-2, 8-15 ATS60=1, 2-15 Attention commands.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide C (cont.) cellular antennas, 1-2 preferred, 2-5 requirements for DART 200, 2-3 cellular carriers contacting, 1-3 Wireless Data Forurm, 1-4 Cellular Digital Packet Data. See CDPD central client application setting up, 5-19 channel hopping, 2-10 channels cellular, 2-11 changing in mobile environment, 2-12 forcing, 2-10 hops, 2-10 MDBS, 2-10 operating on best, 2-12 RF limitations, 8-22 sorting, 2-11 Clear to Send.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Index D (cont.) DART 200 (cont.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide G GMID, 2-6, 2-8, 4-3 defining, 4-3 field, 4-3 ground plane, 2-3 Group Multicast Identifier field. See GMID H host echo, 5-28 Hardware Flow Control, 8-13,8-14, 8-17 Hayes-compatible.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide M (cont.) messages broadcast, 4-1, 4-4 receiving, 4-2 DART 200, 8-25 encrypting, 4-1 error, 8-25 listening for incoming, 5-6, 5-18 multicast, 4-1, 4-2 starting with AT, 7-2 Mobile Application Subsystem. See MAS Mobile Data Base Stations. See MDBSs Mobile Data Intermediate System. See MDIS Mobile End Station.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Q quiet mode, 8-12 definition, 8-20 R radio interference troubleshooting, 2-15 Receive Signal Strength Indication. See RSSI receive locking definition, 5-6 remote telemetry application setting up, 5-19 Remote Terminal Units. See RTUs Request to Send.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide S (cont.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Index W, X, Y, Z WASI, 8-22 multiple entries for, 8-22 storing values for, 8-22 wide area service ID. See WASI Winsock, 5-26 Wireless Data Forum, 1-4 XID parameters, 2-11, 2-12 XID threshold, 2-12 XON/XOFF, 8-12 characters, 5-23, 5-31, 5-29, 8-13, 8-17 PN1197-00 Revision 1.
DART 200 CDPD Modem User’s Guide Sierra Wireless, Inc.
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