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About this document – This planning guideline covers the special characteristics to be taken into con- sideration in the planning of fire safety systems for archives and libraries in different industries. – It bundles the complete Siemens application know-how for archives and libraries. – The target groups of this document are consultants / planners, Siemens sales representatives and product -, project managers. – It supplements the documents of the other indices in the Siemens Fire Safety Guide.
1 Introduction .............................................................................................7 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.10.1 2.10.2 2.10.3 2.10.4 2.10.5 2.10.6 2.11 2.11.1 2.11.2 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.14.1 2.14.2 2.14.3 2.14.4 2.14.5 2.14.6 2.15 Basics in archives and libraries ............................................................8 Introduction................................................................................................
4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.5.1 4.2.5.2 4.2.5.3 4.2.5.4 4.2.6 4.2.6.1 4.2.6.2 4.2.6.3 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.2.9 4.2.10 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.2.1 4.3.2.2 4.3.2.3 4.3.3 4.3.3.1 4.3.3.2 4.3.3.3 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.2.1 4.4.2.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.6.1 4.4.6.2 4.4.6.3 4.4.7 4.4.8 4.4.9 4.4.10 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 Fire Safety Measures in Libraries ...........................................................33 Fire detection system..............................................................................
5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 Solution description.................................................................................68 Applications .............................................................................................68 Principle of the RFID system...................................................................69 Key Components.....................................................................................69 Placing of the RFID readers and tags......
Introduction 1 Introduction Archives and libraries are repositories for some of our most precious, delicate and usually irreplaceable documents and cultural assets. They have the task to collect, develop and keep available the information for the present and future generations. The focus of this document is to analyze prevention and fighting measures, to avoid the most prevalent threat faced by all cultural institution: FIRE. Fires in archives and libraries can cause much damage up to major losses.
Basics in archives and libraries 2 Basics in archives and libraries 2.1 Introduction A great multiplicity of cultural information is stored in archives and libraries in a confined space. The focus lies with written cultural assets, but more and more now with analogue and digital audio and visual storage media or hybrids of the two as well. The stock partly overlaps with museums, treasuries, audio archives, film archives and other special collections.
Basics in archives and libraries for the objects (climate, harmful substances in the form of gas and particles, pests, facilities, operational processes etc.) should be such that the objects are not damaged and the rate of decomposition is as low as possible. 2.4 Preventive conservation As opposed to conservation in the classical sense which attempts to maintain the item by treating the individual object, preventive conservation tries to improve the surrounding of an object (e.g.
Basics in archives and libraries of the stock nearby and further afield through flue gas and extinguishing agents, as well as keeping further damages to a minimum. 2.6 Object groups in archives and libraries Most archives and libraries are connected with files and books, i.e. mainly with written material on paper. The object groups that can be found are much more diverse and they can be split up into four main groups: 1. papers with printing or writing, 2. photo-chemical information storage media, 3.
Basics in archives and libraries Historically of great importance but to be found in small quantities are special materials such as sealing wax, wax and lead (e.g. for sealing and bulla), textiles, leather, precious metals (e.g. for binding) etc. These delicate materials or material combinations partly require special measures for their maintenance and correct storage.
Basics in archives and libraries 1. Forces of nature – Storm (rain, wind, lightning) – Flooding – Snow / avalanches – Heat / draught / cold – Landslide – Earthquake Forces of nature as such can only be prevented with difficulty. On the other hand, measures to reduce risks can be implemented when choosing a location, planning and building storage facilities for archives or libraries.
Basics in archives and libraries 3. Technical risks Technical risks are usually the beginning of an event causing damage. To minimize or eliminate them at the source is the paramount aim of careful planning. – Sources of danger such as business enterprises (e.g. petrol station) and in- – – – – – dustrial plants, technical infrastructure (e.g. transformer), traffic, (e.g. train line, flight corridor) can be found in close proximity to an archive or library storage area.
Basics in archives and libraries of deconstruction and reusability of the building materials at the end of their life time. 5. Secondary risks – During firefighting, large quantities of water contaminated by extinguishing additives, by soot etc. may occur which has to drain from the affected rooms. In an adverse case, it might flow into lower floors which may also be used as storage areas, and it might not be able to drain off from a basement. Additional objects might be affected by this.
Basics in archives and libraries – When an infestation of a collection is found, immediate clarification and elimina- tion/removal of the cause – Climate control even in inaccessible problem zones in order to prevent favorable conditions for the development and reproduction of pests – Regular checks of the building shell for tightness Sun radiation (light, UV, IR) Neglected building structure Disuganted assets and materials Building structure / materials Heat / cold Air pollutant (gases) Buildng fire
Basics in archives and libraries – Objects rarely consist of a single material. They are often made up of different – – – – materials with sometimes very different requirements (e.g. a book made of paper with leather binding furnished with metal closing). In this case, the range of climate aimed for can only be a compromise. The chemical decay process is, amongst others, dependent on temperature and humidity, whereas high temperatures and high humidity speed up decay.
Basics in archives and libraries 2.9 Light / ultraviolet radiation / infrared radiation Electromagnetic radiation, together with the climate, plays a central role in the decay processes of different materials, especially for chemically unstable (e.g. organic) materials. For the operations of archives and libraries, only the visible spectrum (light) is wanted to an appropriate degree.
Basics in archives and libraries 6. ideal size from the fire protection’s point of view – adjusting to the deployed extinguishing systems (e.g. use of extinguishing systems with gas) – acceptable contamination or loss risk in case of fire in a certain area 7. ideal size from the Integrated Pest Management’s (IPM) point of view, in order to limit pest infestation efficiently in the event of an incident, to fight it or to prevent their expansion into larger areas 8.
Basics in archives and libraries 4. complete cleaning of the building and of the technical systems (incl. checking the ventilation systems and air ducts) Fulfilling the requirements must always, where possible, be accounted for by the user with signed approval records or by a technique of measurement. Where it makes sense, the user should set up its own control systems to carry out independent measures throughout the whole duration of the warranty.
Basics in archives and libraries 2.12 Climate and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in storage technology When positioning shelving in the room, it must be borne in mind that the movement of the air in the room is not hindered anywhere by too little space between the shelves and the walls and ceilings. In order to accommodate the necessary air ducts and the lighting, a space of 50cm for the air is usually required above the shelves.
Basics in archives and libraries The earlier the information for the individual steps is available in level-appropriate detail and quality, the better the chance that they will be included in the planning process and that they can be found again in the built result. The user and its consultants are responsible for this information. 2.14.1 Analysis – understanding the current state 1. Quantitative recording of the current state (quantity structure, areas, facilities) 2.
Basics in archives and libraries 2.14.4 Demand – defining the required quality 1. Defining the required main qualities – Operational processes – Climate – Light – Specifying the materials which are harmless regarding conservation (or at least which should not be used) – Design load – Storage technology, facilities – Fire detection/Fire protection/Fire fighting – Water detection – Detecting harmful substances (e.g.
Basics in archives and libraries 2.15 Operations In order to maintain the archive’s or library’s proper operations, measurements and checks are necessary. Through regulations and small interventions, minor or slow adjustments can be made. Control and measuring results which lie outside the norm, depending on their importance, lead to a notification or an alarm which itself leads to a special intervention with appropriate means and measures.
Fire Safety and Security Concept 3 Fire Safety and Security Concept A fire safety and security concept consists of a series of coordinated measures. Only the combination of these measures results in the desired protective effects safety and security. Structural/mechanical, organizational/personnel and technical measures are important elements for archives and libraries concept. The required protection effect is based on a systematic risk analysis, on the individual risk policy (i.e.
Fire Safety and Security Concept Assessment Risks that are classified as particularly serious must be subjected to a business impact analysis, to be able to categorize their damage potential. In the business impact analysis, scenarios are made up for the defined risks, and their effects on the organization's business processes are checked. To do so, critical business process and the associated resources must be identified. Acceptable risks are monitored and verified.
Fire Safety and Security Concept Natural events or disasters (force majeure) Earthquake Flood Storms etc. Tab. 3 Examples Agitation of the building, of building parts or technical facilities (e.g. archives and libraries) Damage of materials and/or production facilities by flooding Lightning strike, thunderstorms, storms Archives and libraries risks / nature events (high force) 3.1.
Fire Safety and Security Concept 3.2.2 Structural and technical measures Access control by e.g. turnstiles at the staff entrance, etc. Escape routes and intervention entrances Fire brigade key cabinet Fire compartments Fire-retarding sealing Goods and materials deliveries (sluices) Key safe Mechanical equipment for doors (e.g. safety locks, hooks bolt securing, etc.) Safety glazing (e.g. façades, windows, overhead windows, emergency exits) Security and fire resistance of doors.
Fire Safety 4 Fire Safety 4.1 Introduction According to J. A. Wilson, Director for Fire Protection and Safety in the Smithsonian Institution, fire is the most prevalent threat faced by cultural institutions. Until a thoroughly elaborated plan to deal with fire is in place, occupants, collections and buildings are at risk. The complexity of the plans may vary from a simple fire prevention and evacuation program, to a complex plan including passive automated fire safety systems.
Fire Safety communicated, not even to employees and security guards, in order to test the awareness of the people and the quality of the safety plan. The cooperation between private security guards with the local fire brigade must be developed; aspects like where they would meet in case of an alarm, how they would interact, how must the building be evacuated and where are the most sensitive items stored must be periodically exercised.
Fire Safety 4.2 Fire Detection System 4.2.1 Scope of Monitoring The objective is to monitor the complete building in which the archives and libraries are present.
Fire Safety The standard measures such as adequate approaches and parking space for fire department vehicles, as well as extinguishing facilities such as hydrants, hose cabinets, etc. are taken for granted. The Fire Safety Measures are mandatory. The supplementary measures are described more in detail in chapter 4.
Fire Safety 4.2.3.2 Room monitoring with aspirating smoke detector If the goods in archive are extremely valuable and irreplaceable, a very early detection of a fire in the room is required. Aspirating smoke detection is the most suitable solution for faster introduction of countermeasures to limit damage. This solution is also suitable when the detectors are very difficult to reach (e.g. for maintenance) or very high shelves reaching almost the ceiling are installed in the archive room.
Fire Safety Fig. 9 4.2.4 Extinguishing detection variants Fire Safety Measures in Libraries In addition to the fire safety measures described for archives, libraries could have central high opening. Linear Beam Detector is the optimal solution to protect this area of the building. Fig. 10 Linear beam detector installation in library This solution is also used in historical build where it is not possible to install wired detector on the ceiling due to structure or valuable painting.
Fire Safety 4.2.5 Fire detection system 4.2.5.1 Fire Detectors Sinteso optical smoke detector (FDO241) is most suitable for smoldering fires caused by short circuits or device overloads. For archive and libraries with high valuable assets, very early detection is required (aspirating smoke detection). The measuring principle is taking air samples continuously at the danger spots and carried to the ASD device for monitoring to avoid time delays due to smoke dilution.
Fire Safety Fig. 11 4.2.6 Example of a fire detection system for archives and libraries Extinguishing detection zones The Siemens detection concept integrates both technologies, smoke detection with Sinteso FDO241 and aspirating smoke detection integrated on the loop. However as shown in figure Fig. 9, different detection concept could be implemented depending on the asset value. More the asset has a unique and high value, early detection with air sampling detection has to be implemented.
Fire Safety 4.2.6.1 Monitoring with Collective Detection Line Collectively addressed detector zone (detector zone = detector line) with point-type smoke detectors or Aspirating smoke detectors. In the case of using a small extinguishing panel e.g. XC10 cross zoning monitoring has to be applied. If both monitoring zones are in alarm the extinguishing process starts. Fig. 12 Collective cross-zoning monitoring 4.2.6.
Fire Safety 4.2.6.
Fire Safety 4.2.7 Fire safety solution The fig. Fig. 15 is showing an overview of the fire safety protection used in archive including additional measures described in chapter 1. 5 13 7 3 11 12 1 8 2 4 9 6 10 Fig. 15 Archive fire safety & security concept Fire Safety 1 2 3 4 5 Extinguishing control unit Extinguishing repeater panel Voice evacuation Aspirating Smoke Detection Sinteso S-Line 6 Manual Call Point (MCP) 7 Alarm Sounder / SounderBeacon 8 Alarm indicator Tab. 6 4.2.
Fire Safety 4.2.9 Steps to be taken in the event of a fire Experience has shown that fires are most frequently caused by: – Overloaded components developing excessive heat – Fires outside the archive area – Negligence of safety regulations, e.g. working with heating object or naked flames Preventive The off-site storage of all not directly necessary items and an emergency plan for the fire brigade intervention should be in place.
Fire Safety 4.3 Control, Alarm and Evacuation System Staffs in Archives and Libraries have been trained on the procedures and protocols on how to perform intervention during a fire alarm. The staffs need to demonstrate and understand these procedures and protocols. In each alarm situation the staff is expected to maintain a professional behavior and guide visitors to the nearest exit. 4.3.
Fire Safety 4.3.3 Evacuation 4.3.3.1 Visual, sirens and alarm horns As soon a visual, siren or horn is activated the people inside the building have to evacuate it including the archives and libraries. 4.3.3.2 Voice evacuation In case of fire, people receive clearly voice information how to evacuate the archives, libraries and the building. The E-100 activates the evacuation in automatic or manual function.
Fire Safety 4.4 Extinguishing System 4.4.1 Basic aspects A good fire safety concept for archives and libraries usually includes passive fire protection measures (fire resistant walls, floors, doors, etc. that attempt to contain or slow the spread of fires) fire detection, alarm and evacuation systems (as already stated in the chapter before) and often being prepared for a fire, requires the implementation of a fire extinguishing system.
Fire Safety Dry extinguishing systems are the preferred option for most archive operators. They offer immediate and reliable response without posing any danger to the goods stored. In libraries the use of dry extinguishing is also appropriated, nevertheless becomes uneconomic in over dimensioned areas or where the values stored doesn’t justify it. In most archives, the use of moveable shelves is a common practice.
Fire Safety Print or written paper Photochemical on paper or board Print or written on organic non-paper media (parchment, papyrus, palm leaves, etc.) The item listed below are the so called new media, usually producing smoldering fires, the use of chemical agents is the fastest available alternative. Nevertheless, solutions based on inert gases and water combined are also applicable here. Photochemical on plastic (negatives, X-rays, slides, films, microfilms, etc.
Fire Safety would occur, now with the extinguishing system already discharged. Deep seated fires require a cooling time in order to be extinguished. Here inert gases will also be very efficient. When combined with water, the required cooling effect is accelerated, the deep seated fire is under control and the risk of reignition is minimized. Inert gas systems with additional water fog are the ideal combination to extinguish deep seated fires. 4.4.2.
Fire Safety Extinguishing Agent Ozone Depletion Potential Global Worming Potential Atmospheric Lifetime (ODP) (GWP) (ALT) No Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) [Vol% agent] CO2 Nitrogen Argon Novec 1230 HFC 227ea Tab. 7 4.4.3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3.500 200 years 0 0 5 days 32 years > 5% 10% 9 Low Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) Electronic Risks Ext.
Fire Safety sensitive items are stored, such as books, manuscripts or paintings in archives or libraries, avoiding any type of damage to the irreplaceable goods. The cooling effect of water droplets or “heat absorption capacity” is inversely proportional to their diameter, with a diameter of 10 μm to 50 μm, the droplets generated by SinorixTM H2O Gas are ideally suited. Fig.
Fire Safety to an optimum level, so that the gas flow and the water flow can be converged behind the gas orifice. Fig.
Fire Safety Chart for evaluating extinguishing agents Secure extinguishing Cools the fire area No damages caused by extinguishing agent H2O Gas Gas only Water spray and mist ~ ~ Sprinkler system Extinguishing agents Ratings: yes , somewhat: ~, no: Tab. 9 4.4.
Fire Safety In all cases, SinorixTM N2 and SinorixTM Ar, offer a very reliable extinguishing and are absolutely residue free. SinorixTM CDT N2 SinorixTM CDT N2 system is a one-of-the-kind innovation introduced by Siemens. The CDT cylinder valve designed and patented by Siemens, allows a constant and controlled pressure discharge of the inert gas.
Fire Safety 4.4.5 Extinguishing solutions based on chemical agents SinorixTM 1230 This extinguishing system based on 3MTM NovecTM 1230 Fire Protection Fluid, is today the most appropriated chemical extinguishing solution known for room protection. The innovative Novec 1230 fluid is safe, effective and not subject to regulatory restrictions or phase-out When protecting archives containing plastic or electronic media, SinorixTM 1230 offers the best extinguishing results.
Fire Safety 4.4.6 Pressure relief in installation of gas extinguishing systems 4.4.6.1 Pressure relief Pressure relief flaps are a must when a gas extinguishing system is installed! Protection of the building Pressure relief flaps prevent damage from the dangerous overpressure caused when releasing a gas extinguishing system.
Fire Safety All inert gas systems typically develop extinguishing agent concentrations of 40% to 50% by volume. This means that the extinguishant occupies after the discharge 40% to 50% of the volume of the enclosure. To vent the air displaced by the extinguishant and to prevent excess pressure from being built up which would damage the enclosure, the volume of air displaced = the volume of extinguishant discharged The size of the pressure relief vent is calculated as a FREE VENT AREA.
Fire Safety Much higher efficiency can be achieved using pressure relief flaps of more specialist design Hi-Efficiency type vent Powered vent (driven open and closed) Gravity flap pressure relief flap Some weighted blade vents available from some suppliers can be very inefficient. Fig. 25 Pressure relief Pressure relief flaps can be operated pneumatically: Overpressure flap Overpressure flap with Pneumatic activation Pipe Fig.
Fire Safety …or alternatively they can be operated electrically: Overpressure flap Overpressure flap Electrically operated Fig. 28 Electrically operated flap Of all possible relief flaps, the electrically operated are the less recommended by Siemens. The reliability of gravity and pneumatic flaps is higher and therefore are preferred.
Fire Safety Pressure relief venting through another enclosure Suppose there isn't an outside wall. Following topics should be taken into account: – Is this an escape route (inc Fire Officer / Building Control) – Cascade of pressure – escalating the problem – False alarms elsewhere from entrained smoke Flow Direction Room must be 70% Bigger than room A Room A Fig.
Fire Safety 4.4.6.3 Post discharge ventilation Room should be ventilated after an extinguishing discharge has occurred. The air in the room will not only contain extinguishing agent but also: – Smoke – By-products of combustion that may themselves be quite unpleasant (HCl for example) – Possibly some agent decomposition products This must be safely extracted before anyone re-enters the risk. Ventilation can this be achieved naturally or mechanically. 4.4.
Fire Safety tration of extinguishing agent and therefore reducing the very success of the extinguishing system. 4.4.8 Room Integrity, retention time and Door-Fan Test Retention time Room integrity of the protected area is a key issue. A leaky enclosure will not retain the extinguishing agent for long enough, so the fire could reignite. Failure to achieve the retention time is not a failure of the extinguishing system; it’s a failure of the customer’s enclosure. Very few enclosures are entirely airtight.
Fire Safety The door fan tests yield two important results: – Predicted hold time: An indication of how long the protected area will retain the extinguishant for – Equivalent Leakage Area (ELA): The total area of leakage For more details please refer to brochure SinorixTM Door-Fan-Test 0-92052-en Fig. 33 4.4.9 Door-Fan-Test Key engineering rules for extinguishing systems in archives and libraries Fig.
Fire Safety be put efficiently. If the fire is an open flame fire, additionally there is the advantage that building up the extinguishing concentration in short time will minimize the production of the harmful HF (Hydrofluoric Acid) When designing natural agent systems it is also important to fulfill the specified discharge times (ISO 60s / VdS 120s), in order to assure fast extinguishing concentration build up.
Fire Safety For further engineering information, please refer to SinorixTM System Description and Design Manual. 4.4.10 Installation guidelines Location of the extinguishing cylinders The cylinders shall be placed if possible outside the protected area in a separate proper and dry place.
Fire Safety 4.5 Management Station The Siemens Danger Management Station (DMS) allows central monitoring and control of fire safety and security installations. It can be configured for local as well as for remote facilities. It is the solution for the integration of diverse subsystem like fire, access control, intrusion and CCTV. In addition, it can easily exchange information with Siemens building automation management station Desigo or 3rd party management station.
Fire Safety 4.5.2 Fully scalable and open for the future The DMS offers solutions for a wide variety of topologies, enabling the system to be tailored, and to grow according to current and future requirements. From stand alone to complex and redundant solution configuration are available with the MM8000 system. For more configuration possibilities refers to the specific MM8000 documents. Fig. 35 Local Configuration Fig. 36 LAN Configuration Fig.
Fire Safety 4.6 System Maintenance 4.6.1 Service Approach Given the high valuables stored in archives and libraries, Siemens recommends to offer the “Advantage Plus ” with dedicated service options for archives and libraries. A service concept which ensures the highest possible reliability and availability of our customers’ systems. A concept which includes a variety of proactive and reactive components designed to keep the system stable and secure.
Fire Safety 4.6.3 Service Description Service descriptions for the “traditional” service deliverables of the “Advantage Plus” agreement can be found in the Fire Service Toolbox (Siemens Intranet) under “Fire Service / Tools and Definitions / Scope of Supply”: http://intranet.siemens.com/bt/fv_toolbox The additional service deliverables developed as options for the “Advantage Plus” for archives and libraries” are described in the table below.
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5 Total Building Solution (TBS) As a result of the interlinking of technical building infrastructure systems like heating, ventilation, climate control, access control, video supervision and fire alarms with IT-and other technical system, every building can offer a maximum in comfort, excellent security and maximum energy efficiency. The system which lends “intelligence” to your building by clever interlinking is our so-called integrated systems (Totally Building Solutions).
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5.3 Validation of the processes Successful validation is possible only when there is comprehensive expertise in the area of regulatory requirements, relevant system parameters and the interrelationship between the two. The latest validation recommendations for FDA applications, such as GAMP 5, suggest that expert suppliers be involved in the validation process whenever possible. Siemens has fully integrated these functions in the Electronic Validation Tool (EVT).
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5.5 RFID People and Asset Tracing The RFID People and Asset Tracing is a real-time location system that protects valuable assets in archives and libraries by the use of active RFID wireless tags. Scenarios based on location and motion of the monitored assets allow for flexible security needs. 5.5.
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5.5.4 Principle of the RFID system Active Tags send Radio Frequency and Infrared signals at constant intervals to RF and IR Readers placed on the ceiling or walls. At exit points, LF exciters send a low-frequency signal, picked up by the tag and sent to the RF or IR readers as well to control exits and choke points. Tags are monitored at all times against disappearance (beacon signal), removal (sabotage sensor) and low battery. 5.5.
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5.5.6 Placing of the RFID readers and tags Type of reader or tag RF reader The reader supports large tag populations at read-distances up to 20m/65ft radius (360° coverage).
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5.6 Building Automation (BAU) Our Building Automation system provides beside the classical HVAC functions also specific requirements from archives and libraries like: – Air exchange rates optimization, based on particle concentration. – Detection and control of necessary pressure and dynamic influencing. – Filter status via air flow control Heating, air conditioning and ventilation technology account for up to 70% of the total energy costs for archives and libraries.
Total Building Solution (TBS) Feature Visual linking of fire zones with HVAC Function The fire zones and elements are dynamically displayed on the relevant Management Station floor plans and HVAC plant diagram Benefits The user can quickly locate the fire zone within the physical environment allowing faster reaction times and better understanding of system dependencies Comments / Dependencies Must be engineered Logical linking of fire zones with HVAC The fire zones can be linked to the HVAC plant on au
Total Building Solution (TBS) 5.7.1 Integration of third party systems The concept and technical solutions available for fire integration are not new to the market. Although Siemens value package in this case is by no means unique, it is nevertheless still outstanding. The management station platform is flexible to integrate systems through various optimized methods. The standard graphics libraries enable presentation of a complex objects found in fire system in a simple and consistent manner.
Total Building Solution (TBS) need to decide locally which variant to offer. The following table shows some key positioning arguments between the two technical solutions. Solution PX-OPEN (BACnet) MK8000 (OPC) Interactions required with HVAC Peer-peer on BACnet via BMS Alarm differentiation A single alarm is used for each fire system object Different priority alarms can be generated for different faults or alarms levels.
Annexes 6 Annexes 6.1 Standards and Norms 6.1.1 Risk management 6.1.1.1 ISO / DIS No 1 Tab. 16 Description Risk Management Principles and guideline on implementation Document ISO 31000 ISO / DIS Risk management standards 6.1.1.
Annexes 6.1.2 Fire Safety 6.1.2.1 BS / EN No 1 Description Number of smoke detectors Document BS6266 annex A 2 Additional Smoke (Aspirating smoke detection) BFPSA Cat 1 / EN54-20 3 Additional hand portable extinguishers BS 5306-8 4 Fixed gaseous extinguishing systems BS 5306-0 & ISO14520 5 Existing Sprinkler Systems within the room BS 5306-2 6 Foam systems (Certain Floor Voids) BS 5306-6.
Annexes 6.1.2.3 NFPA No 1 Description Number of smoke detector points Document NFPA 76 (8.5.2) 2 Early warning & Very early warning systems NFPA 76 (6.11.
Annexes 6.2 Glossary A Access control: see access control system Access control system: System for the automatic checking of access rights, controlling barriers as well as registering processes including structural and organizational measures Acid-free: Paper or card which is not acidic at the point of production By buffering, the material stays acid-free for longer. Acclimatization: Slowly getting used to the climatic conditions in a room (e.g. after transport).
Annexes Climate control, active: Retention of a room climate using technical systems (ventilation, dehumidification, humidification) Climate control, passive: Strategy to keep the climate in a room constant using structural measures whilst using as little primary energy as possible (e.g. with solid construction methods and good insulation) Colorfast: Color (e.g.
Annexes slow down fire spread. These requirements particularly concern walls, ceilings and doors. Formaldehyde: Chemical substances which are emitted by many materials e.g. wood and resins. Their decomposition products can be damaging to the objects. Fume and heat outlet: System of openings, channels, ventilators and valves as outlet for smoke and heat in case of fire.
Annexes K Kiwi packaging: Like pressure-sensitive kiwis in the food trade, the objects are packed in such a way that they cannot move to the side but they are visible from the top. L Liquid preparation: Animal preparations which are deposited in special liquids to be stored (e.g.
Annexes R Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): A method of reading and saving data on a transponder without contact and without visibility this transponder can be attached to objects which can then be identified or located quickly and automatically due to the data saved on it. Restoration: In the closest sense of the word, re-establishing a former condition, see also conservation.
Annexes Transport security: Protection against shifting or falling over of usually bigger, unwrapped objects for transport V Ventilation: Air exchange without conditioning of the external air by humidification or dehumidification Ventilation and air conditioning plant: Plant to physically treat air in a room or of gases or smoke in a room Video surveillance system: A system consisting of hardware and software components of a video surveillance system completely set up and operational for the surveillance o
Annexes cherungstechnik, Brandschutz, Gefahrenmanagement. 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Gebr. Mann Verlag, Berlin – Huber Joachim, von Lerber Karin (2003): Handhabung und Lagerung von mo- bilem Kulturgut. Transkript Verlag, Bielefeld – John Michael (2004): Bedrohungsszenarien für Museen und Sammlungen. In: Bedrohte Museen: Naturkatastrophen – Diebstahl – Terror. Bodenseesymposium in Bregenz vom 19-21.5.2003.
Annexes 6.4 Meeting documents and presentations – Büchel Rino (30.05.2008): Risikoanalysen und Präventionsmassnahmen, Katas- trophenschutz in Archiv, Bern URL: http://www.vsaaas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/texte/ag_form/ft_2008/Buechel_Praesentation_V SA-Fachtagung08.pdf [07.09.2009, 18:30] – Dorge Valerie, Jones Sharon (1999): Building an Emergency Plan: A Guide for Museums and Other Cultural Institutions. The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles (USA) URL: http://www.getty.
Tables & Figures 7 Tables & Figures 7.1 Figures Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32 Fig. 33 Fig. 34 Fig. 35 Fig. 36 Fig. 37 Fig. 38 Fig. 39 Siemens life cycle integrated solution.......................................................7 Elements of preventive conservation ............................
Tables & Figures 7.2 Tables Tab. 1 Tab. 2 Tab. 3 Tab. 4 Tab. 5 Tab. 6 Tab. 7 Tab. 8 Tab. 9 Tab. 10 Tab. 11 Tab. 12 Tab. 13 Tab. 14 Tab. 15 Tab. 16 Tab. 17 Tab. 18 Tab. 19 Tab. 20 Tab. 21 Tab. 22 Tab. 23 Tab. 24 Archives and libraries risks / accidents (safety)......................................25 Archives and libraries risks and adjacent areas .....................................25 Archives and libraries risks / nature events (high force) .........................26 Protective Measures ...............
