User Manual

1
Siemens Switzerland Ltd
Building Technologies Division
Contents
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Executive summary ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Buildings in focus ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1. Historical buildings .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.2. Museums and art galleries....................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.3. Libraries .................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.4. Archives and storage vaults ..................................................................................................................... 8
1.3. Fire damage costs ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.4. Causes and challenges ............................................................................................................................... 11
1.4.1. Typical causes ........................................................................................................................................ 11
1.4.2. Common challenges .............................................................................................................................. 11
1.4.3. Addressing these challenges ................................................................................................................. 11
1.5. Fire safety management ............................................................................................................................ 13
1.5.1. Fire risk ................................................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.2. Fire risk assessment ............................................................................................................................... 13
1.5.3. Fire protection concept ......................................................................................................................... 14
1.5.4. Disaster recovery plan ........................................................................................................................... 14
1.6. Regulations ................................................................................................................................................. 15
2. Fire protection in historical buildings ............................................................................................................. 16
2.1. Fire basics ................................................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.1. Controlling ignition sources .................................................................................................................. 16
2.1.2. Managing the fire load .......................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.3. Controlling oxygen levels ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.2. Fire protection measures ........................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.1. Passive measures ................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.2. Active measures ..................................................................................................................................... 19
3. Fire detection .................................................................................................................................................. 21
3.1. Basic considerations ................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.1. Fire phenomena ..................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.2. Fire propagation .................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.3. Deceptive phenomena........................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.4. Fire detection system............................................................................................................................. 22
3.2. Fire detection in historical buildings .......................................................................................................... 23
3.2.1. Rooms with ornate ceilings ................................................................................................................... 23
3.2.2. Exhibition rooms .................................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.3. Archives and storage vaults ................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.4. Restaurants and cafés ............................................................................................................................ 25