MD-MT821/W SERVICE MANUAL No. S4913MDMT821/ MD-MT821(GL) MD-MT821W(BL) MD-MT821W(GL) Illustration: MD-MT821 • In the interests of user-safety the set should be restored to its original condition and only parts identical to those specified be used. Illustration: MD-MT821W CONTENTS Page SAFETY PRECAUTION FOR SERVICE MANUAL (MD-MT821W ONLY) ............................................................................ 2 SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................
MD-MT821/W SAFETY PRECAUTION FOR SERVICE MANUAL (MD-MT821W ONLY) Precaution to be taken when replacing and servicing the Laser Pickup. CAUTION The AEL (Accessible Emission Level) of Laser Power Output for this model is specified to be lower than Class I Requirements. However, the following precautions must be observed during servicing to protect your eyes against exposure to the laser beam.
MD-MT821/W FOR A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION OF THIS UNIT, PLEASE REFER TO THE OPERATION MANUAL. SPECIFICATIONS General Output level: (MT821) Power source: (MT821) DC 3.6 V : Rechargeable lithium-ion battery x 1 DC 5 V : AC adaptor (AC 120V, 60 Hz) DC 3.4V: Battery case (commercially available, "AA" size, alkaline battery x 1) DC 4.5V: Separately available car adaptor, AD-CA20X (for cars with a 12-24V DC negative ground electrical system) Power source: DC 3.
MD-MT821/W NAMES OF PARTS 2 1 Remote control unit 1. Synchro Recording Indicator 2. Character/Time Information Indicator 3. Record Indicator 4. Repeat Indicator: 5. Random Indicator 6. Disc Mode Indicator 7. Total Track Number Indicator 8. Track Number Indicator 9. Battery Indicator: 10. Headphones Jack (MT821) 10. Earphones Socket (MT821W) 11. Display/Volume Shuttle Switch 12. Hold Switch 13. Play/Pause/Fast Reverse/ Fast Forward Shuttle Switch 14.
–5– EN OP EN OP EN OP Mark EN OP EN OP Notes: ● After charging has been completed, the AC adaptor may be left connected. (For example, when charging at night) ● If the rechargeable battery is in the unit, it will be charged, even whilst operating the unit. (Float charge) Insert securely, all the way in. AC 110-240V, 50/60 Hz To the DC IN 5V socket 4 2 1 ● Do not force open the rechargeable battery cover too wide.
CAUSE Is the AC adaptor disconnected? Is the battery exhausted? Is the unit in the hold mode? Has condensation formed inside the unit? Is the unit being influenced by mechanical shock or by static electricity? –6– ● Has the track number or character information been written on the disc yet? ● Is the unit in the recording or editing mode? The MiniDisc cannot be ejected.
–7– ( ● A large portion of the disc has been damaged. ● There is no space left for recording character information (track names, disc names, etc.). ● The track has been protected from being erased. ● A large portion of the disc has been damaged. ● There is an error in the recorded signal. ● A disc which contains data other than music was played. ● There is an error in the signal from the disc. ● Since a track number is currently being located or written to, the unit cannot accept your command.
● Analog Cable x 1 ● Cable analógico x 1 ● Optical Digital Cable x1 ● Cable óptico digital x 1 –8– EN OP EN OP EN OP EN OP ■ AC power ■ Alimentación de CA ● Make sure that a fully charged rechargeable battery is inserted. ● Do not use the unit if it only has an alkaline battery in it. ● Asegúrese de que se ha insertado una batería completamente cargada. ● No emplee el aparato si sólo tiene una pila alcalina instalada.
3 Inserte un minidisco grabable. 6 5 4 Insert a recordable MiniDisc. EL EV CL RE REC Inicie la reproducción en el equipo fuente. Begin playback on the source equipment. Pulse el botón ENTER/SYNC. Press the ENTER/SYNC button. Mientras se reproduce el sonido del equipo externo conectado a este aparato, mueva el selector de mando de lanzadera hacia arriba o abajo para ajustar el nivel de grabación.
MD-MT821/W DISASSEMBLY Cares before disassembling When assembling the machine after disassembling or repair, observe the following requirements so as to ensure safety and performance. 1. Remove the batteries from the machine, and take out the mini-disc. 2. When assembling after repair, be sure to restore the initial location of wires. Since the screws are small, incorrect fixing may result in malfunction. 3. When repairing, pay utmost attention to static electricity of IC.
MD-MT821/W REMOVING AND REINSTALLING THE MAIN PARTS (A2)x3 ø1.4x2.8mm Remove the mechanism according to the disassembling methods 1 to 6. (See Page 10.) How to remove the spindle motor (See Fig. 11-1.) 1. Remove the solder joint (A1) x 1 of flexible PWB. 2. Remove the screws (A2) x 3 pcs., and remove the spindle motor. Spindle Motor Mechanism Flexible PWB Solder joint (A1)x1 How to remove the lift motor (See Fig. 11-2.) 1. Remove the solder joint (B1) x 2 of lift motor lead wire. 2.
MD-MT821/W ADJUSTMENT Test disc MD adjustment needs two types of disc, namely recording disc (low reflection disc) and playback-only disc (high reflection disc). Type Test disc Parts No. 1 High reflection disc MMD-110 (TEAC Test MD) 88GMMD-110 2 Low reflection disc MMD-212 (TEAC Test MD) 88GMMD-212 3 Low reflection disc Recording minidisc UDSKM0001AFZZ Note: Use the low reflection disc on which music has been recorded. Entering the TEST mode 1.
MD-MT821/W Operation in each TEST mode 1. AUTO1 Mode • When the STOP button is pressed while the AUTO1 menu appears or during automatic adjustment, the mode changes to the TEST mode stop state. At this time the adjustment value is not output. • Be sure to adjust, using the specified disc MMD-212. At this time release the EEPROM (IC402) protection. (Refer to EEPROM write procedure.
MD-MT821/W • When the SKIP UP button is pressed in the continuous playback mode, the specified number of lines is jumped in the FWD direction. • When the SKIP DOWN button is pressed in the continuous playback mode, the specified number of lines is jumped in the REV direction. * When the SKIP UP/DOWN button is held down, jump is repeated every approx. 100 ms. •Whenever the DISP button is pressed in the continuous playback mode, the indication changes as follows.
MD-MT821/W 44h : U-TOC write data write disabled/read check error 52h : SD write data write disabled 71h : Pickup position initialization time-over 72h : EEPROM data read check sum error 73h : Record head drive disabled (by EJECT lever) 82h : Power overvoltage detection 91h : Ambient temperature is higher that the allowable temperature. 12. INNER Mode • when the STOP button is pressed on the INNER menu (SQ______ ), the state is changed to the TEST mode STOP state.
MD-MT821/W EEPROM DATA LIST (EEPROM version d) Sled setting TEMP setting Item display T M _ _ Item display Set values Calculate values Fucus setting Item display Set values Set values S L G _ 8D H S L 2 _ 20 H S L M _ 6F H S L V _ 87 H F G _ _ 63 H S K k _ 48 H F F 1 _ 70 H S K t _ 48 H F F 2 _ E8 H S K m _ 4D H F Z H _ ED H W T m _ 24 H H F L n _ 0A H M V 1 _ 4A D J G _ 14 H M V 2 _ AA F L V _ 20 H S R V _ 00 W T f _ 20 H F S S _ AA ADJ.
TEST REC – 17 – SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN DATA SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN : INNER switch position measurement menu : EEPROM setting menu : Error history display menu : Digital input signal monitor menu : Test mode normal playback menu : Continuous record menu : Continuous playback menu : ATT adjustment value check menu : Pre-adjustment value check menu : ATT manual adjustment menu : Pre-manual adjustment menu : ATT auto adjustment menu
ADJ. NG Adjustment error : Continuous playback (high reflection) : Continuous playback (low reflection) : ATT adjustment normal end (adjustment value output) : ATT adjustment error (adjustment value output) : During ATT autoadjustment : ATT Autoadjustment menu * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set. *" " represent the adjustment number as follows.
– 19 – FL SKIP UP EL SKIP UP BL SKIP UP AL SKIP UP TH SKIP UP FH SKIP UP EH SKIP UP BH SKIP UP AH SKIP UP SB SKIP UP SA SKIP UP RFG SKIP UP SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN Continued from the preceding page : S gain "Low" F signal offset (FINO) measurement : Measurement value : S gain "Low" E signal offset (EINO) measurement : Measurement value : S gain "Low" B signal offset (BINO)
– 20 – SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN Continued to the next SKIP UP SA SKIP UP GCH SKIP UP PCH SKIP UP RFG SKIP UP RCG SKIP UP GTG SKIP UP PTG SKIP UP TH SKIP UP FL SKIP UP EL SKIP UP BL SKIP UP AL SKIP UP FH SKIP UP EH SKIP UP BH SKIP UP AH PLAY RSLT1 : A-ATT (focus) initial setting : Groove section adjustment COUT level settin
PLAY : Continuous playback menu PLAY : Continuous playback (pit section) : Continuous playback (groove section) # # # # : Address : Start address setting : Continuous playback menu MODE DISP Ad0 3 C 0 MODE DISP Ad0 7 0 0 DISP DISP 0950H Ad0 8 A 0 – 21 – BASS Ad0 0 3 2 BASS MODE Ad0 0 3 2 10TR BASS 3 8 4TR * When the [SKIP UP] button is pressed in the continued playback mode, jump of specified number of lines occurs in the external periphery direction.
: TEST mode normal playback menu – 22 – C SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN : U bit 2 data display : TIME (min.) : TIME (sec.) : U bit 1 data display : TNO : INDEX : FS code, C bit data display : Address : Control code : Category code : Digital input single monitor menu * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set.
SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN – 23 – SKIP DOWN : Control setting menu : Digital EQ setting menu : Adjustment setting menu : BASS setting menu : Sled setting menu : Spin setting menu : Tracking setting menu : Focus setting menu : TEMP setting menu : EEPROM setting menu SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN : BASS setting menu * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set.
– 24 – SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN : Spin setting menu * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set. * When the [DISP] button operation is performed in the specific state, the menu changes to "TEMP SETTING menu". * In specific state the setting changed in the range of "00h to FFh" when the [VOL UP/DOWN] button is pressed.
– 25 – SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN : Slide setting menu * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set. * When the [DISP] button operation is performed in the specific state, the menu changes to "TEMP SETTING menu". * In the specific state the setting changes in the range of "00h to FFh" when the [VOL UP/DOWN] button is pressed.
– 26 – SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN : Digital EQ setting menu * In the specific state the setting changes in the range of "0h to Fh" when the [VOL UP/DOWN] button is pressed. * When the [MODE] button is pressed in each state, the set digit is changed. P-MODE P-MODE * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set.
– 27 – SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN SKIP DOWN P-MODE * In the specific state the setting changes in the range of "0h to Fh" when the [VOL UP/DOWN] button is pressed. * When the [MODE] button is pressed in each state, the set digit is changed. P-MODE * When the [STOP] button is pressed in specific menu, the "TEST MODE STOP" state is set.
MD-MT821/W NOTES ON SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM • Resistor: To differentiate the units of resistors, such symbol as K and M are used: the symbol K means 1000 ohm and the symbol M means 1000 kohm and the resistor without any symbol is ohm-type resistor. Besides, the one with “Fusible” is a fuse type. • Capacitor: To indicate the unit of capacitor, a symbol P is used: this symbol P means micro-micro-farad and the unit of the capacitor without such a symbol is microfarad.
Figure 29 BLOCK DIAGRAM – 29 – M902 SLED MOTOR M901 SPINDLE MOTOR F PICK OPIC LASER HEAD MOTOR LIFT M903 T 1,6 19,20 +2.5V +2.7V 16 +2.5V IC901 3-PHASE BRUSH LEESS DRIVER BA6966FV 17 +B +B 13 35 VCC 6,8 40 8,11 14 3,4 +4.7V HOLD EEPROM NC +B 8 1-3 3 2 17-24 52,53 50 +2.7V 1,12 14-16 4 55 2 VDD +2.0V 62 1-3 9, 82 74 10, 13 OPERATION UNIT DISPLAY UNIT 69, 83, 84 IC401 SYSTEM MICROCOMPUTER IX2792AF +2.
MD-MT821/W P30 P31 P32 C112 0.033 TP139 R101 22K CK106 TP151 TP145 CK104 CK103 CK102 C121 270P (CH) TP100 C130 0.1 C123 390P AUDATA AUSCLK RFLAT TEMP LDON R161 LDVAR 1.2K OPICGA C124 390P FOK SENSE CK204 CK205 CIN MCCK CK206 DINT C203 0.
MD-MT821/W DADATA ADDATA DFCK BCLK LRCK DIN ADPON DAPON OPTCNT XL201 33.8688MHz EFMO LDCNT2 LDCNT1 C212 8P (CH) CK207 L204 C204 0.47 R222 C211 1M 5P(CH) R207 680 2.0V 16 TP204 TP202 TP139 TP211 CN451 P30 P31 P32 TP212 IC202 IX2723AF Serrial 903xxxxx IX2735AF Serrial 904xxxxx~ TP205 TP451 TP452 TP453 TP454 TP455 TP456 TP457 TP458 TP459 TP461 R457 R458 TP462 18K 56K TP463 HREC HSTOP HPLAY HKEY2 HKEY1 R455 5.6K R451 R452 R453 5.6K 8.2K 18K EMPH1 R456 8.
MD-MT821/W P30 P31 P32 DADATA ADDATA DFCK BCLK LRCK DIN ADPON DAPON OPTCNT Serrial 903xxxxx Serrial 904xxxxx~ TP451 TP452 TP453 TP454 TP455 TP456 TP457 TP458 TP459 TP461 R457 R458 TP462 18K 56K TP463 HREC HSTOP HPLAY HKEY2 HKEY1 R455 5.6K R451 R452 R453 5.6K 8.2K 18K EMPH1 R456 8.2K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 10 11 12 13 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CN482 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 TP486 TP485 TP484 TP483 TP482 TP481 C481 0.1 * R717 1K C725 3.3/10 C726 3.3/10 R724 6.8K C723 0.001 D492 15AZ7.
MD-MT821/W IC101 PIN NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 VOLTAGE 0.4V 0.4V 0.4V 0.4V 1.25V 1.26V 0.4V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V 2.5V 2.5V 0.18V 2.5V 2.5V 0V 0V 1.49V 2.37V 0V 0V 2.5V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V 1.58V 1.26V 1.26V 1.26V NC 1.26V 1.26V 0V 1.25V 1.26V 1.27V 1.25V 2.5V 0V 0V 1.26V 1.25V 1.26V 0V PIN NO.
MD-MT821/W MAIN PWB-A (BOTTOM VIEW) J702 MIC IN J801 DC Jack C872 L871 C733 4 5 3 6 L500 C506 C501 C651 10 5 R207 L651 30 L702 IC501 R204 15 20 IC601 CK207 13 1 C507 C608 L608 E CK202 CK204 CK205 76 CK203 XL401 L610 65 60 C212 CK222 80 45 6 40 5 1 5 10 R904 C908 1 R763 R764 C910 C351 C906 R361 R767 C907 C905 C121 R101 25 R102 R205 C122 CK107 R765 C124 CK103 C130 Q101 C204 24 13 CK101 C104 12 15 20 12 R105 10 30 C103 IC101 35 36 R106
MD-MT821/W MAIN PWB-A(TOP VIEW) To Key Switch Flexible Ass'y P36 2-E J702 MIC IN 13 1 TP459 TP457 TP455 TP453 TP451 TP485 R457 R456 C858 R825 TP410 75 80 15 60 40 TP122 22 TP651 TP652 R407 2 7 18 8 D494 4 SW401 EJECT TP661 TP663 10 C431 1 IC651 TP803 5 TP721 TP725 D492 TP726 J703 Remote Control/Head -phones 9 6 5 6 TP722 22 To Optical Pickup Unit P36 1-D D491 TP729 TP727 2 C807 TP659 3 L456 7 TP728 1 L710 R892 R891 TP144 8 D493 L752 TP666 TP664 TP660 T
MD-MT821/W Magnetic Head Flexible PWB (23) A M901 Spindle Motor Optical Pickup Unit (15) Magnetic Head (30) B SW902 Disc Protect Mechanism Flexible PWB Ass'y (8) C PH901 Phote Interrupter M902 Sled Motor D CN101 To MAIN PWB P35 7-H CN601 To Main PWB P35 10-H M903 Lift Motor To MAIN PWB P35 9-A CN451 To MAIN PWB P35 10-A CN482 E F G Key Switch Flexible PWB Ass'y(218) H 1 2 3 LCD Ass'y (219) 4 Figure 36 WIRING OF P.W.
MD-MT821/W WAVEFORMS OF MD CIRCUIT T Stopped CH1=1mV DC 10:1 1 CH2=500mV DC 10:1 CH3=5V DC 10:1 TP208 (FEOUT) 5 SDTi 6 SCLK 3 CK205 (SENSE) 9 4 CK204 (FOK) LRCK 8 1994 / 12 / 16 01:03:40 2ms/div (2ms/div) ENV T TP209 (TOTAL) MCLK 4 4 =Filter= Smoothiing : OFF BW : FULL =Offset= CH1 : 0.00V CH2 : 0.000V CH3 : 0.00V CH4 : 0.00V =Record Length= Main : 10K Zoom : 10K T Stopped CH1=2V DC 10:1 CH2=2V DC 10:1 =Trigger= Mode : NORMAL Type : EDGE CH4 Detay : 0.
MD-MT821/W TROUBLE SHOOTING It is advisable to use the TEST mode (refer to Error Data Display Mode, P13) indicating the causes of troubles before starting repair. Causes of operation errors (up to 10 errors) are recorded as error codes. This information is useful for repair. When does not function When the CD section does not operate When the objective lens of the optical pickup is dirty,this section may not operate.Clean the objective lens,and check the playback operation.
MD-MT821/W • Abnormal display Is waveform output from CN482 pins 1 to 3? Are the pin7 (VCC) and pin 6 (GND) normal? Is waveform output from IC401 pins 9,10,13? No No Yes Check the periphery of IC401. Check between IC401 and CN482. Yes Check for pattern breakage of flexible PWB, check for defects of display microcomputer (replace the display unit). • Playback state cannot be set When it has been ascertained that the address up to cluster address is normal in the TEST mode.
MD-MT821/W • The spindle motor fails to run.Does the head move Does the waveform appear on the IC201 pins 24 and 25 after TEST mode AUTO2 completion and in this state? No Check the IC201 periphery. Yes Does waveform appear on the IC601 pin 13? No Replace. IC601 Yes Does waveform appear on IC901 pins 1, 19 and 20? No L608, IC201, IC901, CN601 and flex, etc. soldering check Yes Replace the spindle motor.
MD-MT821/W FUNCTION TABLE OF IC IC401 RH-iX2792AF02(IX2792AF):System Microcomputer (1/2) Pin No.
MD-MT821/W IC401 RH-iX2792AF02(IX2792AF):System Microcomputer (2/2) Pin No.
MD-MT821/W PARTS GUIDE MODEL MD-MT821(GL) MD-MT821W(BL) MD-MT821W(GL) “HOW TO ORDER REPLACEMENT PARTS” To have your order filled promptly and correctly, please furnish the following information. 1. MODEL NUMBER 2. REF. No. 3. PART NO. 4. DESCRIPTION For U.S.A. only Contact your nearest SHARP Parts Distributor to order.
MD-MT821/W NO.
MD-MT821/W NO.
MD-MT821/W NO. PRICE RANK PARTS CODE J703 QJAKM0205AFZZ J J801 M901 M902 M903 SW401 SW402 SW403 SW902 QJAKC0142AFZZ RMOTV0524AFZZ RMOTV0511AFZZ RMOTV0512AFM1 QSW-M0001AWZZ QSW-S0948AFZZ QSW-M0172AFZZ QSW-M0170AFZZ J J J J J J J J DESCRIPTION NO.
MD-MT821/W NO. PRICE RANK PARTS CODE TINSZ1393AFZZ TINSZ1394AFZZ TINSZ1395AFZZ TLABG0527AFZZ J J J J AH AE AR AC TLABG0527AFZ1 J AC TLABH0699AFZZ J TLABM0659AFZZ J TLABM0660AFZZ J TLABR1049AFZZ J TLABR1050AFZZ J TLABS0478AFZZ TLABZ2560AFZZ J J TLABZ2561AFZZ J TLSTS0126AFZZ J TLSTS0127AFZZ J UBAGC0083AFSA UBATI0088AFSA UBNDT0086AFSA J J J AH BD AF UBNDT0086AFSD J AF AC DESCRIPTION NO.
MD-MT821/W 501x2 509x2 506 A 11 505 8 30 8-3(PH901) B 8-1 16 18 C 502x3 8-2 (SW902) 23 510 513 503 2 15 508 9 508 25 1 512 D 17 M901 511 M903 7 27 503x2 504 E 13 6 503 26 10 F M902 5 3 G 28 20 29 H 4 1 2 3 4 Figure 5 MD MECHANISM EXPLODED VIEW –5– 5 6
MD-MT821/W MD MECHANISM A 223 225 B 203 201 603x2 202 206 C 238x2 603x2 230 229 232 210x2 231 228 226 D 215 205 217 209 227 242 211 219 239 216 241 207 218 213 212 E 214 246 204 236 For MT821W Only 233 208 221 234 F PWB-A 602 240 222 204-4 235 204-2 603x2 603 601 604 G For MT821W Only 204-1 244 204-3 603x2 H 1 2 3 4 Figure 6 CABINET EXPLODED VIEW –6– 5 6
MD-MT821/W PACKING OF THE SET (MD-MT821 ONLY) SETTING POSITION OF SWITCHES AND KNOBS UNIT HOLD OFF Remote Control HOLD CANSEL Connecting Cord, Optical Type Caution, Headphones Lid Battery Attention Card Operation Manual Remote Control Rechargeable, Battery Battery Case Quick Guide AC Adaptor Carrying Case Strap Headphones Packing Add.
MD-MT821/W —MEMO— –8–
MD-MT821/W COPYRIGHT © 1999 BY SHARP COPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.