EL-5230/EL-5250 04LGK (TINSE0796EHZZ) PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR SHARP CORPORATION ® EL-5230 EL-5250 PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL
SHARP EL-5230/5250 Programmable Scientific Calculator Introduction Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Chapter 2: General Information Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Chapter 5: Equation Solvers Chapter 6: Complex Number Calculations Chapter 7: Programming Chapter 8: Application Examples Appendix 1
Contents Introduction ...........................................................7 Operational Notes .................................................................................... 8 Key Notation in This Manual .................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: Before You Get Started .....................11 Preparing to Use the Calculator ............................................................ 11 Resetting the calculator .............................................
Contents Setting the floating point numbers system in scientific notation ... 26 Using Memories ..................................................................................... 27 Using alphabetic characters .......................................................... 27 Using global variables .................................................................... 27 Using local variables ...................................................................... 28 Using variables in an equation or a program .
Contents Solver Function ...................................................................................... 52 Entering and solving an equation .................................................. 52 Changing the value of variables and editing an equation ............. 52 Solving an equation ....................................................................... 53 Important notes .............................................................................. 54 Simulation Calculation (ALGB) .............
Contents Entering the PROG mode .............................................................. 75 Selecting the NORMAL program mode or the NBASE program mode ................................................................................ 75 Programming concept .................................................................... 75 Keys and display ............................................................................ 76 Creating a NEW Program .........................................................
Contents Appendix ............................................................115 Battery Replacement ........................................................................... 115 Batteries used .............................................................................. 115 Notes on battery replacement ..................................................... 115 When to replace the batteries ...................................................... 115 Cautions ..............................................
Introduction Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Programmable Scientific Calculator Model EL-5230/5250. After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. • Unless the model is specified, all text and other material appearing in this manual applies to both models (EL-5230 and EL-5250). • Either of the models described in this manual may not be available in some countries. • Screen examples shown in this manual may not look exactly the same as what is seen on the product.
Introduction Operational Notes • Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile. • Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments. • Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where fluids, for example water, can splash onto it.
Introduction Key Notation in This Manual In this manual, key operations are described as follows: To specify ex : @ " ..................... 햲 To specify In : i To specify F : ; F ........................... 햳 To specify d/c : @ F ..................... 햲 To specify ab/c : k To specify H : ; H ........................... 햳 To specify i : Q .............................. 햴 햲 Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed first before the key.
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Chapter 1 Before You Get Started Preparing to Use the Calculator Before using your calculator for the first time, you must reset it and adjust its contrast. Resetting the calculator 1. Press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator with the tip of a ballpoint pen or similar object. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. • If you do not see the message on the right, the battery may be installed incorrectly; refer to ‘Battery Replacement’ (See page 115.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started The Hard Case Your calculator comes with a hard case to protect the keyboard and display when the calculator is not in use. Before using the calculator, remove the hard case and slide it onto the back as shown to avoid losing it. When you are not using the calculator, slide the hard case over the keyboard and display as shown. • Firmly slide the hard case all the way to the edge. • The quick reference card is located inside the hard case.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Calculator Layout and Display Symbols Calculator layout 1 Display screen 2 Power ON/OFF and Clear key 3 Key operation keys 4 Cursor keys 1 Display screen: The calculator display consists of 14 × 3 line dot matrix display (5 × 7 dots per character) and a 2-digit exponent display per each line. 2 Power ON/OFF and Clear key: Turns calculator ON. To turn off the calculator, press @, then o. This key can also be used to clear the display.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Display Symbol Dot matrix display Mantissa Exponent • During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time. • Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual. : Indicates some contents are hidden in the directions shown. Press cursor keys to see the remaining (hidden) section. BUSY : Appears during the execution of a calculation. 2ndF : Appears when @ is pressed.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Operating Modes This calculator has five operating modes to perform various operations. These modes are selected from the MODE key. Selecting a mode 1. Press b. The menu display appears. Press d to display the next menu page. ƒNORMAL ⁄STAT ¤PROG ‹EQN ›CPLX 2. Press 0 to select the NORMAL mode. • In the menu display, press the assigned number to choose or recall a selection. NORMAL MODE 0.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started A Quick Tour This section takes you on a quick tour covering the calculator’s simple arithmetic operations and also principal features like the solver function. Turning the calculator on and off Press j at the top right of the keypad to turn the calculator on. 1. NORMAL MODE 0. • To conserve the batteries, the calculator turns itself off automatically if it is not used for several minutes. Press @ o to turn the calculator off. 2.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Editing an expression After obtaining an answer, you can go back to an expression and modify it using the cursor keys just as you can before the e is pressed. Example Return to the last expression and change it to 82 ÷ 았3 – 7 × -10.5 Press d or r to return to the 8Œ©‰3-7˚–10.5= last expression. 110.4504172 • The cursor is now at the beginning of 8Œ©‰3-7˚–10.5 the expression (on ‘8’ in this case).
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Using variables You can use 27 variables (A-Z and θ) in the NORMAL mode. A number stored as a variable can be recalled either by entering the variable name or using t. Example 1 Store 23 to variable R. 1. Press j 2 1 then x. • j clears the display. • ALPHA appears automatically when you press x. You can now enter any alphabetic character or θ (written in blue above keys in the keypad). 2„Ò_ 2. Press R to store the result of 23 in R.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started 3. Press e to obtain the result. Follow the same procedure as above, but press t instead of ; in step 1. 0. πRŒ= 201.0619298 You will get the same result. Using simulation calculations (ALGB) If you want to find more than one solution using the same formula or algebraic equation, you can do this quickly and simply by use of the simulation calculation. Example h Find the volume of two cones: 1 with height 10 and radius 8 and 2 with height 8 and radius 9.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started • Note that, as the variable R already has a number stored in memory, the calculator recalls that number. • indicates that there is another variable earlier in the expression. 4. Press 8 to input the radius. Input of all variables is now complete. 5. Press e to obtain the solution. • The answer (volume of cone ) is displayed on the third line. Press e and 8 to input the height for cone .
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started Using the solver function You can solve any unknown variable in an equation by assigning known values to the rest of the variables. Let us compare the differences between the solver function and the simulation calculations using the same expression as in the last example. Example What is the height of cone 3 if it has a radius of 8 and the same volume as cone 2 (r = 9, h = 8) in the last example? h r V= 9. Store the result of step 8 on the previous page in variable V.
Chapter 1: Before You Get Started 14. Press @ h to find the height of H= 10.125 cone 3. R¬ 678.5840132 • Note that the calculator finds the L¬ 678.5840132 value of the variable that the cursor is Right and left sides of the on when you press @ h. expression after substituting • Now you have the height of cone 3 the known variables that has the same volume as cone Height of cone 3 2. • R→ and L→ are the values computed by Newton's method, which is used to determine the accuracy of the solution.
Chapter 2 General Information Clearing the Entry and Memories Operation Entry Local (Display) A- Z, θ*1 variables j Mode selection @P0 @P1y @P2y × × × × × × × Saved equations*2 Multi-entry recall, STAT*4 including saved local variables ANS*3 STAT VAR*5 × × × × × × × × × × *6 × × @P3y RESET switch : Clear *1 *2 *3 *4 *5 *6 × : Retain Global variable memories. Saved equations and local variables by the filing equations function Last answer memory.
Chapter 2: General Information Editing and Correcting an Equation Cursor keys Incorrect keystrokes can be changed by using the cursor keys (l r u d). Example Enter 123456 then correct it to 123459. 1. Press j 123456. NORMAL MODE 0. 123456_ 2. Press y 9 e. 0. • If the cursor is located at the right end 123459= of an equation, the y key will 123459. function as a backspace key. • You can return to the equation just after getting an answer by pressing the cursor keys.
Chapter 2: General Information Delete key • To delete a number/function, move the cursor to the number/function you wish to delete, then press y. If the cursor is located at the right end of an equation, the y key will function as a backspace key. Multi-entry recall function Previous equations can be recalled in the NORMAL, STAT or CPLX mode. Up to 160 characters of equations can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations are deleted in the order of the oldest first.
Chapter 2: General Information The SET UP menu The SET UP menu enables you to change the angular unit and the display format. • Press @ J to display the SET UP menu. • Press j to exit the SET UP menu. ƒDRG ⁄FSE ¤--- Determination of the angular unit The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can be specified.
Chapter 2: General Information Example 100000÷3= [Floating point (NORM1)] →[FIXed decimal point and TAB set to 2] →[SCIentific notation and SIG set to 3 ] →[ENGineering notation and TAB set to 2] →[Floating point (NORM1)] 3÷1000= [Floating point (NORM1)] →[Floating point (NORM2)] →[Floating point (NORM1)] Key operations Result j@J13 100000 z 3 e @J102 33333.33333 33333.33 04 @J113 3.33˚10 @J122 33.33˚10 @J13 03 33333.33333 j 3 z 1000 e @J14 @J13 0.003 -03 3.˚10 0.
Chapter 2: General Information Example 2 Recall global variable A. 1. Press t A. • There is no need to press ; because ALPHA is selected automatically when you press t. 6. A= 6. Using local variables Nine local variables can be used in each equation or program, in addition to the global variables. Unlike global variables, the values of the local variables will be stored with the equation when you save it using the filing equations function. (See page 58.
Chapter 2: General Information • You do not need to enter an alphabetic character. Just specify the named local variable using a number from 0 to 8, or move the arrow to the appropriate variable the press e. 5. Press @ v 0 e. • The value of VAR 0 will be recalled. • Alternatively you can recall a variable by moving the arrow to it then press e twice. 0.0000125 A1= 0.0000125 Note: • You can change the name of a local variable by overwriting it in the VAR menu.
Chapter 2: General Information Using the last answer memory The calculator always keeps the most recent answer in ANS memory and replaces it with the new answer every time you press an ending instruction (e, x etc.). You may recall the last answer and use it in the next equation. Example Evaluate the base area (S = 32π) and volume of a cylinder (V = 5S) using the last answer memory. h=5 r=3 1. Press j 3 A @ s e. • The area of the base is now calculated. • The number 28.27433388 is held in ANS memory.
Chapter 2: General Information Using memory in each mode Mode ANS M A-L, N-Z, Local variables NORMAL STAT PROG EQN CPLX : Available : Unavailable Notes: • Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in memories replacing any existing values. • →r θ, →xy.................. R memory (r) θ memory (θ) X memory (x) Y memory (y) • Use of t or ; will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits in accuracy.
Chapter 2: General Information Resetting the calculator If you wish to clear all memories, variables, files and data, or if none of the keys (including j) will function, press the RESET switch located on the back of the calculator. In rare cases, all the keys may cease to function if the calculator is subjected to strong electrical noise or heavy shock during use. Follow the instructions below to reset the calculator.
Chapter 3 Scientific Calculations NORMAL mode NORMAL mode is used for standard scientific calculations, and has the widest variety of functions. Many of the functions described in this chapter are also available for use in other modes. Press b 0 to select the NORMAL mode. • Differential/Integral functions, N-base functions, Solver functions and Simulation Calculation (ALGB) in this chapter are all performed in the NORMAL mode. • In each example of this chapter, press j to clear the display first.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Constant calculations Example Key operations Result 34+57= 34 + 57 e 91. 45+57= 45 e 102. 68×25= 68 k 25 e 1700. 68×40= 40 e 2720. • In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division behave the same way. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant. • In constant calculations, constants will be displayed as ∆. Functions Example Key operations Result sin60 [°]= j v 60 e 0.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Example Key operations Result (cosh 1.5 + sinh 1.5)2 = j ( H $ 1.5 + H v 1.5 ) A e 20.08553692 5 tanh–1— = 7 @>t(5 z 7) e 0.895879734 ln 20 = i 20 e 2.995732274 log 50 = l 50 e 1.698970004 e3 = @ " 3e 20.08553692 101.7 = @ Y 1.7 e 50.11872336 1 1 —+—= 6 7 6 @ Z + 7@ Ze 0.309523809 8 –3 ×5 = –2 4 2 8m S 2- 3m 4k 5A e 4= (123)— 12 m 3 m 4 @Ze 83 = 81 e 1 49 – 3 4 81 = 27 = 4! = -2024.984375 6.447419591 512. @ * 49 - 4 @ D 81 e 4.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Math menu Functions Other functions are available on this calculator besides the first and second functions on the key pad. These functions are accessed using the math function menu. The math menu has different contents for each mode. Press I to display the math menu. In the NORMAL mode, you can recall the following functions.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Function 5: SOLVE Enter the Solver function mode. (See page 52.) Key operations I 5 Result 6: Ωsec Sexagesimal numbers are converted to seconds notation. (See page 46.) 24 [ I 6 24∂Ωsec 7: Ωmin Sexagesimal numbers are converted to minutes notation. (See page 46.) 0[0[ 1500 I 7 0∂0∂1500Ωmin 25. 86400.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Differential/Integral Functions Differential and integral calculations can only be performed in the NORMAL mode. It is possible to reuse the same equation over and over again and to recalculate by only changing the values without having to re-enter the equation. • • • • Performing a calculation will clear the value in the X memory. You can use both global and local variables in the equation. The answer calculated will be stored in the last answer memory.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations • To exit the differential function, press j. • After getting the answer, press e to return to the display for inputting the x value and the minute interval, and press @ h to recalculate at any point. Example Key operations d/dx (x4–0.5x3+6x2) j ; X* m 4 - 0.5 ;X1+6; XA@3 x=2 dx = 0.00002 d/dx = ? 2ee x=3 dx = 0.001 d/dx = ? e 3 e 0.001 e Result ≈^4-0.5≈„+6≈Œ 0. ≈=z dx: 0.00001 ≈^4-0.5≈„+6≈Œ d/dx= 50. ≈^4-0.5≈„+6≈Œ d/dx= 130.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Example 8 Key operations Result ∫ 2 (x2–5)dx j;XA-5 { a=z b= n= n = 100 ∫ dx = ? 2e8ee ≈Œ-5 ∫dx= n = 10 ∫ dx = ? e e e 10 e 0. 0. 100. 138. ≈Œ-5 ∫dx= 138. When performing integral calculations Integral calculations require a long calculation time, depending on the integrands and subintervals input. During calculation, ‘calculating!’ will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press j.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Random Function The Random function has four settings for the NORMAL, STAT or PROG mode. (This function is not available while using the N-base function, solver function and simulation calculations.) Random numbers A pseudo-random number, with three significant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @ w 0 e. To generate further random numbers in succession, press e. Press j to exit. • The calculator can regenerate the same random number. (See page 36.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Angular Unit Conversions The angular unit is changed in sequence each time @ ] ( . key) is pressed. Example Key operations Result 90°→ [rad] → [g] → [°] j 90 @ ] @] @] 1.570796327 100. 90. sin–10.8 = [°] → [rad] → [g] → [°] @ w 0.8 e @] @] @] 53.13010235 0.927295218 59.03344706 53.13010235 Chain Calculations The previous calculation result can be used in a subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Fraction Calculations Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions, and conversions between decimal numbers and fractions. • If the number of digits to be displayed is greater than 10, the number is converted to and displayed as a decimal number. Example 1 4 b 3— + — = [a—] c 2 3 →[a.xxx] →[d/c] 2 — 10 3 = 5 (—75 ) = 1 — 3 (—18 ) Key operations Result j3k1k2+ 4k3e k @F 4ı5ı6 * 4.833333333 29ı6 @Y2k3e 4.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-base) This calculator can perform conversions between numbers expressed in binary, pental, octal, decimal and hexadecimal systems. It can also perform the four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses and memory calculations using binary, pental, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Example Key operations Result DEC(25)→BIN j @ / 25 @ z HEX(1AC) →BIN →PEN →OCT →DEC @ a 1AC @z @r @g @/ BIN(1010–100) ×11 = @ z ( 1010 - 100 ) k 11 e BIN(111)→NEG d 111 e HEX(1FF)+ OCT(512)= HEX(?) @ a 1FF @ g + 512 e @a 2FEC– 2C9E=(A) +)2000– 1901=(B) (C) j x M @ a 2FEC - 2C9Em 2000 1901 m tM 1011 AND 101 = (BIN) j @ z 1011 4 101 e 1.b 5A OR C3 = (HEX) @ a 5A p C3 e DB.H NOT 10110 = (BIN) @ z n 10110 e 1111101001.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calculations Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed, and, while using sexagesimal numbers, also conversion to seconds and minutes notation. The four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows: 12∂34∂56.78∂ degree Example minute second Key operations 12°39’18.05” →[10] j 12 [ 39 [ 18.05 @: 123.678→[60] 123.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Coordinate Conversions Conversions can be performed between rectangular and polar coordinates. Y P (x, y) Y r P (r, θ) y 0 x X Rectangular coordinate 0 θ X Polar coordinate • Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit. • The calculation result is automatically stored in memories. • Value of r: R memory • Value of θ: θ memory • Value of x: X memory • Value of y: Y memory • r and x values are stored in the last answer memory.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Calculations Using Physical Constants Recall a constant by pressing @ c followed by the number of the physical constant designated by a 2-digit number. The recalled constant appears in the display mode selected with the designated number of decimal places. Physical constants can be recalled in the NORMAL mode (when not set to binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal), STAT mode, PROG mode and EQN mode.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations No. 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 Constant Symbol Muon magnetic moment Compton wavelength Proton Compton wavelength Stefan-Boltzmann constant Avogadro constant Molar volume of ideal gas (273.15 K, 101.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Calculations Using Engineering Prefixes Calculation can be executed in the NORMAL mode (excluding N-base), STAT mode and PROG mode using the following 12 types of prefixes.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Modify Function Calculation results are internally obtained in scientific notation with up to 14 digits for the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Solver Function This function enables you to find any variable in an equation. Entering and solving an equation The solver function is used as follows. 1. Press b 0 to enter the NORMAL mode. 2. Enter both sides of an equation, using ‘=’ and variable names. 3. Press I 5. 4. Enter the value of the known variables. 5. Move the cursor (display) to the unknown variables. Press @ h. 6. • The solver function can find any variable anywhere in an equation.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Solving an equation Example Try finding the variables in the equation below. A×B = C × D 1. Press b 0 to select the NORMAL mode. Press ; A k ; B ; = ; C k ; D. • You must enter the whole equation. 2. NORMAL MODE 0. A˚B=C˚D_ 3. Press I 5. • The calculator automatically calls the A˚B=C˚D display for entering variables and displays the variables in alphabetical A=z 0. order. • indicates that there are more variables.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations • The value shown on the display for the unknown variable does not have to be set to 0 to solve the equation. • The answer is displayed on the top line and the values of the lefthand and right-hand sides of the equation appear below. 8. Press e. • Returns you to the display for entering variables. 9. Press d 8 e. • Substitutes the value 8 for B. • The cursor moves onto the next variable C. 10. Press @ h. • You can find any unknowns in the same equation. A˚B=C˚D A=z 10.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Simulation Calculation (ALGB) This function enables you to find different solutions quickly using different sets of values in the same expression. Entering an expression for simulation calculation The simulation calculation is used as follows. 1. Press b 0 to enter the NORMAL mode. 2. Enter an expression with at least one variable. 3. Press @ G. 4. Enter the values of the variables.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Simulate an equation for different values Example Find the area S = bc sin A ÷ 2 when: A 1 b = 3, c = 5 and A = 90° (DEG) 2 b = 3, c = 5 and A = 45° (DEG) 3 b = 4, c = 5 and A = 45° (DEG) 1. S Press b 0 to select the NORMAL mode. 2. Press @ J 0 0 j. • Sets the angular unit to DEG. Press ; B ; C v ; A z 2. • The equation is entered in the normal way. 3. 4. Press @ G.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations 8. Press e and then 45 e. • After getting the answer, press e to return to the display for entering variables. 9. Press @ h. • Sides b and c are both the same length in triangle 2 as in triangle 1, so you do not have to re-enter these values. 2BCsinA©2 B=z 3. BCsinA©2= 5.303300859 Area of triangle 2 is displayed. 10. Press e and then d 4 e @ h. BCsinA©2= 7.071067812 Area of triangle 3 is displayed.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Filing Equations When the calculator is in the NORMAL mode (excluding N-base), you can save equations in the EQUATION FILE. Saved equations can be loaded or deleted in the NORMAL mode. Press f in the NORMAL mode to call the EQUATION FILE menu. • Press 0, 1 or 2 to select if an equation is to be loaded, saved or deleted, respectively. ƒLOAD ⁄SAVE ¤DEL Saving an equation You can save an equation as follows. 1.
Chapter 3: Scientific Calculations Loading and deleting an equation The procedures to retrieve (load) and delete an equation from memory are the same, except that you have to confirm that you wish to delete the equation. Retrieve or delete an equation as follows. 1. Press f and then 0 or 2 to retrieve (load) or delete. 2. Use d u to select the name of the file you wish to retrieve (or delete),and press e. DEL ¬º⁄RING º¤AREA-3 º‹CIRCUIT DEL has been selected.
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Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations The STAT mode is used to perform statistical calculations. Press b 1 to select the statistics mode. The seven statistical calculations listed below can be performed. After selecting the statistics mode, select the desired sub-mode by pressing the number key that corresponds to your choice. To change statistical sub-mode, reselect statistics mode (press b 1), then select the required sub-mode.
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below): Variables Q W Contents Key operations n Number of samples I00 x̄ Mean of samples ( x data) I01 sx Sample standard deviation (x data) I02 σx Population standard deviation ( x data) I03 Σx Sum of samples (x data) I04 Σ x2 Sum of squares of samples (x data) I05 ȳ Mean of samples ( y data) I06 sy Sample standard deviation (y data) I07 σy Popula
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Quadratic regression calculation Statistics of 1 and 2 and coefficients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (y = a + bx + cx2). (For quadratic regression calculations, no correlation coefficient (r) can be obtained.) Data Entry and Correction All data entered is kept in memory until STAT memory clear (@ P 2 y) is operated or a new STAT sub-mode is selected. Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Correction after pressing _: Use u d to display the data set previously entered. Press d to display the data set in ascending (oldest first) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest first), press the u key. Each data set is displayed with ‘X=’, ‘Y=’, or ‘N: ’ (N is the sequential number of the data set). Data set number X=z › 75. 3. Data x Frequency Data set number X=z Y= › 4. 3. 3.
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Statistical Calculation Formulas Type Linear Exponential Logarithmic Power Inverse Quadratic Regression formula y = a + bx y = a • ebx y = a + b • ln x y = a • xb 1 y=a+b— x y = a + bx + cx2 In the statistical calculation formulas, an error will occur if: • The absolute value of an intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1 × 10100. • The denominator is zero. • An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Normal Probability Calculations • P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when t<0, because these functions follow the same principle used when solving for an area. • Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Statistical Calculations Examples Example Key operations Result @P2y DATA 95 80 80 75 75 75 50 – x= σx = n= Σx = Σx 2 = sx = sx2 = (95–– x) ×10+50= sx b10 Stat 0 [SD] 0. 95 _ 80 _ _ 75 , 3 _ DATA DATA DATA DATA SET= SET= SET= SET= 1. 2. 3. 4. 50 _ DATA SET= 5. I01e I03e I00e I04e I05e I02e Ae ˛= 75.71428571 σ≈= 12.37179148 ( 95 - I 0 1 ) z I 0 2 k 10 + 50 e x = 60 → P(t) ? I 1 1 60 I 1 0 )e t = –0.5 →R(t) ? I 1 3 S 0.5 ) e n= 7. Í≈= 530. Í≈Œ= 41200.
Chapter 4: Statistical Calculations Example Key operations Result @P2y DATA x y 2 2 12 21 21 21 15 5 5 24 40 40 40 25 a= b= r= sx = sy = x=3 → y'=? y=46 → x' =? b11 Stat 1 [LINE] 0. 2,5_ _ 12 , 24 _ 21 , 40 , 3 _ DATA DATA DATA DATA SET= SET= SET= SET= 1. 2. 3. 4. 15 , 25 _ DATA SET= 5. I20e I21e I23e I02e I07e a= 1.050261097 b= 1.826044386 r = 0.995176343 sx =8.541216597 sy =15.67223812 3I25 46 I 2 4 6.528394256 24.61590706 @P2y b12 Stat 2 [QUAD] 0.
Chapter 5 Equation Solvers Simultaneous Linear Equations Simultaneous linear equations with two unknowns (2-VLE) or with three unknowns (3-VLE) may be solved using this function. 1 2-VLE: b 3 0 a1x + b1y = c1 a2x + b2y = c2 D = a1 b1 a2 b2 D = a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3 2 3-VLE: b 3 1 a1x + b1y + c1z = d1 a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 • If the determinant D = 0, an error occurs.
Chapter 5: Equation Solvers 3. After inputting the last coefficient, press e to solve the 2-VLE. • After solving, press e or j to return to the coefficient entering display. You can use @ h to solve the 2VLE, regardless of the cursor position. x= y= D= –1. 2. –3. a⁄z b⁄ c⁄ 0. 0. 0. Example 2 x+y-z = 9 6x+6y-z = 17 14x-7y+2z = 42 x=? Ò y=? z=? det(D) = ? 1. 2. Press b 3 1 to select 3VLE of the EQN mode. Enter the value of each coefficient (a1, etc.
Chapter 5: Equation Solvers Quadratic and Cubic Equation Solvers Quadratic (ax2 + bx + c = 0) or cubic (ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0) equations may be solved using these functions. 1 Quadratic equation solver (QUAD): b 3 2 2 Cubic equation solver (CUBIC): b 3 3 • If there are more than 2 results, the next solution can be displayed. • The results obtained by this function may include a margin of error. Example 1 3x2 + 4x – 95 = 0 → x = ? 1. 2. Press b 3 2 to select QUAD of the EQN mode. a=z b= 0. 0.
Chapter 5: Equation Solvers Example 2 5x3 + 4x2 +3x + 7 = 0 → x = ? 1. Press b 3 3 to select CUBIC of the EQN mode. a=z b= c= 0. 0. 0. 2. Enter the value of each coefficient (a, etc.) 5e4e3e7 • Coefficients can be entered using ordinary arithmetic operations. • To clear the entered coefficients, press j. • Press d or u to move line by line. Press @ d or @ u to jump to the last or top line. 3. After inputting the last coefficient, press e to solve the cubic equation.
Chapter 6 Complex Number Calculations The CPLX mode is used to carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of complex numbers. Press b 4 to select the CPLX mode. Results of complex number calculations are expressed in two modes: 1 @ E: Rectangular coordinates mode (xy appears.) 2 @ u: Polar coordinates mode (rθ appears.
Chapter 6: Complex Number Calculations Example Key operations b4 (12–6i) + (7+15i) – (11+4i) = 6×(7–9i) × (–5+8i) = 16×(sin30°+ icos30°)÷(sin60°+ icos60°)= ( 12 - 6 Q ) + ( 7 + 15 Q ) ( 11 + 4 Q ) e 6k( 7-9Q) k(S5+8Q )e 16 k ( v 30 + Q $ 30 ) z ( v 60 + Q $ 60 ) e @ u 8 R 70 + 12 R 25 e Result COMPLEX MODE 0. 8. +5.i 222. +606.i 13.85640646 +8.i 18.5408873 ∠ 42.
Chapter 7 Programming PROG mode A program enables you to automate a series of calculations, including those simple and complex. Programs are created either in the NORMAL program mode or in the NBASE program mode. Entering the PROG mode 1. Press b 2 to select the PROG (PROGRAM) mode. 2. Press 0 to RUN a program, press 1 to create a NEW program, press 2 to EDIT a program, and press 3 to DELETE a program.
Chapter 7: Programming Keys and display In the PROG mode, to make programs as simple as possible, some keys and the display may work in a different manner to other modes. The differences are described below. • Press i (the f key) to directly access the command menu for programming. The Filing Equation function does not work in PROG mode. • While entering a program name, keys are locked in ALPHA mode (ALOCK) automatically.
Chapter 7: Programming Use of variables Global and local variables are treated differently in the PROG mode. • The letters A – Z and θ, used on their own, represent global variables. Global variables correspond to the memories of the calculator (e.g., ‘C’ in a program means memory C of the calculator). Global variables allow your programs to use values stored in memories, or to pass variables from one program to another.
Chapter 7: Programming 2. Entering the program Program code Key operations Print“B≥=BASE i 1 @ v B1 e e @ a = BASE ; e Print“H≥=HEIGHT i 1 @ v d H1 e e @ a = HEIGHT ; e A=1ı2B≥H≥ ;A;=1k2@v e@vdee Print“AREA i 1 @ a AREA ; e Print A i0;Ae • To enter more than one alphabetic character, press @ a to apply the alphabet-lock mode. Press ; to escape from this mode. 3. Running the program Procedure Return to the initial display for the PROG mode.
Chapter 7: Programming Programming Commands In this section, all commands that are available in the PROG mode are described, excluding keyboard commands and I menu commands. Input and display commands 1. While creating a NEW or EDIT program, press i to access the COMMAND menu. ƒPrint ⁄Print" ¤Input ‹Wait • The first page of the COMMAND menu is displayed. • Press d or u to scroll page by page.
Chapter 7: Programming Command 80 Key operations Description Examples Rem i4 Indicates the line is a remark and not a command, thus allowing you to insert comments in the program. Any line beginning with Rem is ignored when running a program. Excessive use of this command will use up a considerable amount of memory. Rem TIME TABLE End i5 Terminates the program. If the program finishes at the last command, an End command is not required.
Chapter 7: Programming Flow control Key Command operations Description Examples i6 Label
Chapter 7: Programming Equalities and inequalities These expressions are used to form the conditional statement in the If clause. They are the basis for looping and other flow control operation in programs. The ‘=’ (equals) sign is also used as a function to form a substitution command for variables. You can also enter ‘=’ by simply pressing ; =. Symbols Key operations Examples iC Equals.
Chapter 7: Programming Statistical Commands In the PROG mode, statistical commands are only available when the NORMAL program mode is selected. If the NBASE program mode is selected, the statistical command menu cannot be called. • When you use the STATx or STATxy commands, the calculator erases all data previously stored in the STAT function. Command Key operations STATx iI Selects single-variable statistics mode (SD). STATx STATxy iJ Selects linear regression calculation mode (LINE).
Chapter 7: Programming Editing a Program 1. Press b 2 to enter the PROG mode and then press 2 to select the EDIT mode. 2. Select the program you wish to edit and press e. • If you want to add text into your program, press @ O. • If you want to add lines into your program, press @ O (the shape of the cursor will become a triangle) and then move the cursor to the beginning of the line and press e to add a new line there.
Chapter 7: Programming Error Messages The calculator displays an error message if a program encounters a problem. The error message indicates the nature of the problem while the calculator can display the line where the problem has occurred. After entering a program, it is often necessary to debug it. To make this task easier, the calculator displays an error message if it encounters a problem while running your program.
Chapter 7: Programming Deleting Programs You can create as many programs as you want within the limitations of the calculator’s memory. To free up space for new programs, you must delete old ones. Press b 2 to enter the PROG mode. 1. Press 3. 2. • The delete window appears. All the stored programs are listed. 3. Move the cursor to the program you wish to delete and press e. • The calculator asks you if you are sure you want to delete the program.
Chapter 8 Application Examples Programming Examples The following examples demonstrate the basic use of programming commands including print, input and flow controls. Use the examples for your programming reference. Some like it hot (Celsius-Fahrenheit conversion) This is a program to convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa. 1. Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. 2. Type TEMP for the program title then press e. • A NEW program called ‘TEMP’ will be created.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations If T=1 Goto CTOF i 8 ; T ; = 1 ; s i 9 @ a CTOF ; e If T=2 Goto FTOC i 8 ; T ; = 2 ; s i 9 @ a FTOC ; e Goto START i 9 @ a START ; e Label CTOF i 6 @ a CTOF ; e F=(9©5)C≠+32 ; F ; = ( 9 z 5 ) @ v C0 e e + 32 e * The program automatically prompts you to enter a value for the local variable C0.
Chapter 8: Application Examples The Heron Formula Obtaining the area S of triangle with side lengths of A, B and C using the Heron Formula which is true for any plane triangle. 1. Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. 2. Type HERON for the program title then press e. B A S C S = √ T (T – A) (T – B) (T – C) A+B+C T = ————— 2 • A NEW program called ‘HERON’ will be created. 3. Enter the program as follows.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operation S=‰(T(T-A)(T-B)(T-C)) ; ; ) ( e S ; = T ( ; ( ; T ; T - @ * ( T - ; A - ; B ) ; C ) ) Print S i 0 ; S e End i 5 e Label ERROR i 6 @ a ERROR ; e Print”NO TRIANGLE i 1 @ a NO s TRIANGLE ; e Wait 1 i 3 1 e Print”REENTER i 1 @ a REENTER ; e Goto START i 9 @ a START ; e Example Obtain the area of the triangle with the side lengths of 20 cm (A), 35 cm (B) and 40 cm (C). 4. Press j to return to the PROG mode menu.
Chapter 8: Application Examples 2B or not 2B (N-base conversion) The conversion functions and logical operations can be used in the NBASE program mode. The following is a simple program that converts a decimal number to binary, pental, octal and hexadecimal formats. 1. 2. Press b 2 1 1 to open a window for creating a NEW program in the NBASE program mode. NBASE :NBASE PROGRAM? Type NBASE for the title then press e. • A NEW program called ‘NBASE’ will be created. 3. Enter the program as follows.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations Y¬OCT ; Y @ g e Print”OCTAL i 1 @ a OCTAL ; e Print Y i 0 ; Y e Wait i 3 e Y¬HEX ; Y @ h e Print”HEXADECIMAL i 1 @ a HEXADECIMAL ; e Print Y i 0 ; Y e Running the program 4. Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. 5. Press 0, select the program ‘NBASE’ and press e. • The program prompts you to enter a decimal number and then displays it in binary format.
Chapter 8: Application Examples T test The T-test value is obtained by comparing the mean values of sample data and expected average from sample data. Using the t- distribution table, the reliability of a mean value can be evaluated. –x – m t = ——— sx2 —— n m = expected mean value estimated by sample data n = the number of samples –x = actual mean value of the samples sx = standard deviation of the samples Example A’s SHOP sells cookies by package on which it is stated contents are 100 g.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations STATx iIe Data 102 i K 102 e Data 95 i K 95 e Data 107 i K 107 e Data 93 i K 93 e Data 110 i K 110 e Data 98 i K 98 e Print”MEAN i 1 @ a MEAN ; e Input M i2; M e T=(˛-M)©‰(sxŒ©˜) ; 1 * I Print T i0; T e End i5 e T ;=(I5 -; M )z@ (I52Az 50)e Running the program 4. Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. 5. Press 0, select the program ‘TTEST’ and press e. 6. Enter the expected mean value ‘100’ and press e. T= 0.
Chapter 8: Application Examples A circle that passes through 3 points When three different points, P (X1, Y1), Q (X2, Y2), S (X3, Y3) are given, obtain the center coordinates O (X, Y) and the radius R of the circle that passes through these points. To satisfy the above conditions, the distances between P, Q, S and O should be equal. as they are the radius of the same circle.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations H=X√Œ+Y√Œ-X…Œ-Y…Œ ; H; = @ v 2 A + @ v 3 A - @ v d d d d X3 e e A - @ v d d d d d Y3 e e A e I=X≥-X√ ; I ; = @ v 0 @ v 2 e J=X√-X… ; J ; = @ v 2 @ v 4 e K=Y≥-Y√ ; K ; = @ v 1 @ v 3 e M=Y√-Y… ; M ; = @ v 3 @ v 5 e X=(GM-HK)©2(IM-JK) ; X ; = ( ; G; M ; H ; K) z 2( ; I ; M - ; J ; K) e * Perform equation 1. Print X i 0 ; X e Wait i 3 e Y=(GJ-HI)©2(KJ-MI) ; Y ; = ( ; G; J ; H ; I) z 2( ; K ; J - ; M ; I) e * Perform equation 2.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Radioactive decay Carbon-14 (14C) is a naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon used in the carbon dating process. Because carbon-14 decays at a steady rate, it is possible to determine the age of a once living specimen by measuring the residual amount of 14C it contains.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations T=-(ln(M≥©M≠))© ; T ; = S ( i 1.2118œ-4 ( @ v 1 z @ v 0 ) ) z 1.2118 ` S 4 e Print T i 0 ; T e Print”YEARS i 1 @ a YEARS ; e End i 5 e • The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the time required for half of its mass to decay. Running the program 4. Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. 5. Press 0, select the program ‘DECAY’ and press e. Enter 100 for M0 and 50 for M1 . 6. Result The half-life of 14C is 5719.980034 years.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Delta-Y impedance circuit transformation Transformation of a Y impedance circuit to an equivalent Delta impedance circuit and vice versa. The Delta-Y transformation is defined by the following formula: Z2 R1 R Z1 = — R2 R Z2 = — R3 R Z3 = — R1 Z1 Z3 where R = R1R2 + R2R3 + R3R1 1. 2. Z1 Z2 R1 = ——— Z Z 2 Z3 R2 = ——— Z Z 3 Z1 R3 = ——— Z R2 R3 where Z = Z1 + Z2 + Z3 Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. Type DELTAY for the title then press e.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations Z=Z≥+Z√+Z… ; e e d R≥=Z≥Z√©Z @ v d d d R1 e e ; = @ v 0 @ v 1 z ; Z e Print R≥ i 0 @ v 3 e Wait i 3 e R√=Z√Z…©Z @ v d d d d R2 e e ; = @ v 1 @ v 2 z ; Z e Print R√ i 0 @ v 4 e Wait i 3 e R…=Z…Z≥©Z @ d v ; Print R… i 0 @ v 5 e End i 5 e Label YTOD i 6 @ a YTOD ; e R=R≥R√+R√R…+R…R≥ ; @ 4 v Z≥=R©R√ @ v 0 ; = ; R z @ v 4 e Print Z≥ i 0 @ v 0 e 100 Z ; = @ v Z1 e + @ v d Z2 e + @ v d Z3 e e e v d d d d R3 e e ; = @ 2 @ v
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations Wait i 3 e Z√=R©R… @ v 1 ; = ; R z @ v 5 e Print Z√ i 0 @ v 1 e Wait i 3 e Z…=R©R≥ @ v 2 ; = ; R z @ v 3 e Print Z… i 0 @ v 2 e End i 5 e Example When the impedances Z1, Z2, Z3 of a delta impedance circuit are 70, 35, 140 respectively, obtain the impedances R1, R2, R3 of a Y circuit. 4. Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. 5. Press 0, select the program ‘DELTAY’ and press e. The direction of transformation will be asked.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Obtaining tensions of strings Suppose a bar is hung from the ceiling by two strings such that it balances with angles the strings make from the perpendicular lines A and B. If the weight of the bar is W, obtain the tensions in the strings S and T.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations E=sin(C+D) ; E ; = v ( ; C + ; D ) e S=W ˚ sin C©E @ a S = W ; k v ; C z ; E e T=W ˚ sin D©E @ a T = W ; k v ; D z ; E e Print”TENSIONS i 1 @ a TENSIONS ; e Print S i 0 ; S e Wait i 3 e Print T i 0 ; T e End i 5 e Example Calculate the tension in the strings S and T when the weight of the bar is 40 kg, angle A: 30° 15' 20" and angle B: 27° 45' 40". 4.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Purchasing with payment in n-month installments If you wish to buy goods with the price of P by n-month installments, this program determines the payment per month. i S = (P – D) ————— 1 – (1 + i)–n where S: payment due every month n : n-month installment P: price of the product D: down payment i: installment payment interest rate (%) Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. 1. Type PAYBYMN for the title then press e. 2.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Print S Key operation i 0 ; S e Example If you wish to buy furniture costing $3,000 with $500 as a down payment and pay the remainder in 11 month’s installments with a monthly interest rate of 1%, how much is the monthly payment? 4. Press j to return to the PROG mode menu. 5. Press 0, select the program ‘PAYBYMN’ and press e. 6. Enter 3000 for P, 500 for D, 11 for N and 1 for I. PAYBYMN:NORMAL PRICE P=? Result Your monthly payment is approx. $241.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Digital dice This program simulates rolling of multiple dice. You can play a dice game without dice or where there is not enough space to roll dice. At the first stage, ask the number of dice to use for play. Secondly, roll dice and display the result and wait until any key is pressed. Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. 1. Type DICE for the title then press e. 2. • A NEW program called ‘DICE’ will be created. 3. Enter the program as follows.
Chapter 8: Application Examples How many digits can you remember? The calculator displays randomly created numbers with the number of digits (up to 9) you specified for the number of seconds you entered and asks you to enter the number you remembered. After 10 tries the score is displayed. The larger the number of digits and the shorter the seconds, the higher the score is. 1. 2. Press b 2 1 0 to open a window for creating a NEW program. Type NUMBER for the title then press e.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations If S<100 Goto AGAIN i 8 ; S i D 100 ; s i 9 @ a AGAIN ; e S=S˚10^(-3) ; S ; = ; S k @ Y ( S 3 ) e If N>6 Goto SIX i 8 ; N i G 6 ; s i 9 @ a SIX ; e If N>3 Goto THREE i 8 ; N i G 3 ; s i 9 @ a THREE ;e Q=ipart(Sx10^N) ; Q ; = I 1 ( ; S k @ Y ; N ) e Goto DISPLAY i 9 @ a DISPLAY ; e Label SIX i 6 @ a SIX ; e Q=ipart(S˚10^(N-6))˚10^6 +random˚10^6+random˚10^3 ; ; + Y @ Q ; = I 1 ( S k @ Y( ; N 6 ) ) k @ Y 6 @ w 0 k @ 6 + @ w 0 k Y 3
Chapter 8: Application Examples Program code Key operations Wait T i 3 ; T e Clrt i 7 e Print”ANSWER i 1 @ a ANSWER ; e Input X i 2 ; X e * If answer is correct, add (30 x number of digits / number of seconds) to score.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Calculation Examples Geosynchronous orbits The orbit of a satellite about the Earth is geosynchronous if the period of the orbit matches the period of the Earth’s rotation. At what distance from the center of the Earth can geosynchronous orbit occur? The period of an orbit is described by the equation 4π2 r3 T2 = —— GM where T = period of orbit G = Gravitational constant (6.6742 × 10–11 m3 kg–1s–2) M = Mass of the Earth (5.
Chapter 8: Application Examples 6. Press @ c 02 e 5.976 ` 24 e. • Use the physical constants function for the G value. TŒ=(4πŒ)©(GM)˚ R„ R=z 0.000 • After completion of entering values for variables G and M, the cursor moves on to variable R. (The variable T has already its value.) 7. Press @ h. Result Geosynchronous orbit is possible approximately 42,170 km (4.217 × 107 meters) from the center of the Earth. R= R¬ L¬ 4.217 7.424 7.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Example 1 What is the ratio of the sun’s luminosity to that of a star having an absolute magnitude of 2.89? (The sun’s absolute magnitude is 4.8.) The former equation is equivalent to L2 —— = 10 0.4 (M1 – M2) L1 where M2 = 2.89 1. Press b 0 and @ P 0. 2. Press @ Y ( 0.4 k ( 4.8 - 2.89 ) ) e. Result 1Î^(0.4˚(4.8-2. 89))= 5.807644175 5.807644175 The star is nearly six times as luminous as the sun. Example 2 A second star has only 0.0003 times the luminosity of the sun.
Chapter 8: Application Examples Memory calculations When you want to use the calculator for tasks such as adding up total sales, you can perform this type of operation using single-variable statistics. Example In one week, an electrical store sold the items listed below at the prices and in the quantities shown. What was the total sales figure? Item TV set Price $599.95 Quantity 10 Phone $159.95 27 Clock $39.95 52 Calculator $7.95 108 1.
Chapter 8: Application Examples The state lottery Example The state you live in has two different numbers lotteries. In the first, you must pick 6 numbers between 1 and 50 in any order. In the second, you have to pick 5 numbers between 1 and 35, but you must pick them in the correct order. Which lottery gives you the better chance of winning? In the first lottery, your chances of winning with one ticket are one in 50C6: 1. Press b 0 50 @ N 6 e. 0. 50Ç6= 15890700.
Appendix Battery Replacement Batteries used • Use only the specified batteries. Type Model Quantity Lithium battery CR2032 2 • Be sure to write down any important data stored in the memory before replacing the batteries. Notes on battery replacement Improper handling of batteries can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules: • • • • Do not mix new and old batteries. Make sure the new batteries are the correct type.
Appendix Cautions • Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water and immediately consult a doctor. • Should fluid from a leaking battery come in contact with your skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water. • If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage to the unit from leaking batteries, remove them and store in a safe place. • Do not leave exhausted batteries inside the product.
Appendix 4. Remove one used battery by prying it out with a ball-point pen or similar pointed object. • Replace one battery at this step. 5. Install a new battery with the positive side (+) facing up. 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to replace the other battery. 7. Replace the cover and screws. 8. Press the RESET switch using the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object. • If you cannot see the message on the right, repeat steps 1–7. 9. zALL DATA CL?z z YES¬[DEL] z z NO¬[ENTER]z Press e.
Appendix The OPTION menu The OPTION menu controls display contrast, memory checking and deletion of data. The OPTION display Press @ o (S key) to show the OPTION menu. • Press j to return to the mode in which you were working previously.
Appendix Deleting equation files and programs Press 2 in the OPTION menu to show the DELETE menu. • Press 0 or 1 to delete equation files or programs that have been stored in the NORMAL or PROG modes, respectively. <> ƒEQTN ⁄PROG After selecting the mode for which data is to be deleted, press y to delete data. Press e to cancel the operation. • Once a file has been deleted there is no way to recover it.
Appendix Error Messages The following table shows common error messages and suggestions for correcting the error. Error no. Solution SYNTAX Verify you are using the correct syntax for the function you are trying to apply. 02 CALCULATION Check you have not attempted to divide by zero or made some other calculation error. 03 NESTING Use of more than the available number of buffers was attempted. (There are 10 buffers* for numeric values and 24 buffers for calculation instructions.
Appendix Using the Solver Function Effectively The calculator uses Newton’s method to solve equations. (See page 52.) Because of this, the solution it provides may differ from the true solution, or an error message may be displayed for a soluble equation. This section shows how you can obtain a more acceptable solution or make the equation soluble in such cases. Newton’s method Newton’s method is a successive approximation technique that uses tangential lines.
Appendix Calculation accuracy • The calculator solves an equation by comparing the values of the lefthand and right-hand sides of the equation through 14-digit internal operations. If the value of the left-hand side is sufficiently close to agreeing with that of the right-hand side the calculator may present one of the ‘approximate’ values as a solution — even though it is not the true solution.
Appendix Equations that are difficult to solve Newton’s method has problems in solving certain types of equations, either because the tangential lines it uses to approximate the solutions iterate only slowly toward the correct answer, or because they do not iterate there at all. Examples of such equations include equations of which steep slopes are a feature (e.g. y = 10x–5), periodic functions (e.g. y = sin x), functions featuring an inflection (e.g.
Appendix Technical Data Calculation ranges • Within the ranges specified, the calculator is accurate to ±1 of the least significant digit of the mantissa. However, in continuous calculations the calculation error increases due to the accumulation of each successive calculation error. (This is the same for yx, x , n!, ex, In etc., where continuous calculations are performed internally.
Appendix Function ex 10x sinh x, cosh x, tanh x sinh–1 x cosh–1 x tanh–1 x x2 x3 __ √x x–1 n! nPr nCr Dynamic range –10100 < x ≤ 230.2585092 –10100 < x < 100 | x | ≤ 230.2585092 | x | < 1050 1 ≤ x < 1050 |x|<1 | x | < 1050 | x | < 2.15443469 × 1033 0 ≤ x < 10100 | x | < 10100 (x ≠ 0) 0 ≤ n ≤ 69* 0 ≤ r ≤ n ≤ 9999999999* n! —— < 10100 (n-r)! 0 ≤ r ≤ n ≤ 9999999999* 0 ≤ r ≤ 69 n! —— < 10100 (n-r)! ↔DEG, D°M’S 0°0’0.
Appendix Function →DEC →BIN →PEN →OCT →HEX AND OR XOR XNOR Dynamic range DEC : | x | ≤ 9999999999 BIN : 1000000000 ≤ x ≤ 1111111111 0 ≤ x ≤ 111111111 PEN : 2222222223 ≤ x ≤ 4444444444 0 ≤ x ≤ 2222222222 OCT : 4000000000 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777 0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777 HEX : FDABF41C01 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF 0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE3FF : 1000000000 ≤ x ≤ 1111111111 0 ≤ x ≤ 111111111 PEN : 2222222223 ≤ x ≤ 4444444444 0 ≤ x ≤ 2222222221 OCT : 4000000000 ≤ x ≤ 7777777777 0 ≤ x ≤ 3777777777 HEX : FDABF41C01 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF 0 ≤ x ≤ 2540BE
Appendix Management Characters, commands and variables For value of local variables Total Program title If A=0 Goto ABC A¡=A+1 32 bytes 3 bytes 3 bytes — 8 bytes 5 bytes — — 9 bytes 32 bytes 11 bytes 17 bytes Total consumption 38 bytes 13 bytes 9 bytes 60 bytes Filing Equation functions Each stored equation uses 30 bytes plus the number of characters or commands. Priority levels in calculations Operations are performed according to the following priority: Fractions (1ı4, etc.
Appendix Specifications Model: EL-5230/5250 Display type: [14 characters and 2 exponents] × 3 rows Dot matrix characters: 5 × 7 dots /character Number of display digits: 10-digit mantissa + 2-digit exponent Input ranges: ±10-99 to ±9.999999999 × 1099 and 0.
Appendix Dimensions: 79.6 mm (W) × 154.5 mm (D) × 15.2 mm (H) 3-1/8” (W) × 6-3/32” (D) × 19/32” (H) Weight: Approx. 97 g (0.22 lb) (including batteries, but not including hard case) Accessories: 2 lithium batteries (installed), operation manual, quick reference card and hard case * This value may vary according to the way the calculator is used and other factors. For More Information about Scientific Calculators Visit our Web site. http://sharp-world.
EL-5230/EL-5250 04LGK (TINSE0796EHZZ) PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR SHARP CORPORATION ® EL-5230 EL-5250 PROGRAMMABLE SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR OPERATION MANUAL
