Noggin User’s Guide Copyright 2011 Sensors & Software Inc.
SENSORS & SOFTWARE INC. PRODUCT LICENCE, COPYRIGHT, LIABILITY AND WARRANTY INFORMATION Important Please read this document carefully before removing the SOFTWARE PRODUCT storage media from their protective cover or assembling the HARDWARE PRODUCT. By removing the storage media or assembling the hardware, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement, promptly contact Sensors & Software, Inc.
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SmartCart Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 General Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 Assembling the SmartCart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2.1 Configuring the SmartCart for a Different Noggin System . . . . . . . . . . . .8 2.2 Adding GPS to the SmartCart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 3 Digital Video Logger 3.1 . . . . . . . . .
ii Table of Contents SmartCart 4.2.4.3 Target of Known Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 4.2.4.4 Selecting a Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 4.2.4.5 Input a Velocity Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 4.2.5 Depth Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 4.3 4.2.6 Gain Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SmartCart Table of Contents 4.4.15 Linear Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 4.4.16 Arrow Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 4.4.17 Window Zooming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 4.4.18 GPS Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 4.4.19 Transfer Rate . . . . . . .
iv Table of Contents 5.2.7 SmartCart Collecting Data using the Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 5.2.7.1 Reducing Data Quality by Moving too Fast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 5.2.7.2 Backing up the Smart System to Pinpoint Target Positions . . . . .59 5.2.8 Collecting Data in Free Run Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 5.2.8.1 Controlling Data Collection Speed in Free Run Mode . . . . . . . . .60 5.2.8.
SmartCart 5.5 Table of Contents 5.4.1 Transferring Noggin Data to a PC using the Removable Drive . . . . . . . .90 5.4.2 Copying Noggin Data from the Internal Drive to the Removable Drive . .91 5.4.3 Transferring Noggin Data to a PC using the PXFER Cable . . . . . . . . . . .91 5.4.4 Viewing Data Files on the External Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 5.4.5 Deleting Data on the DVL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Noggin Utilities . .
SmartCart Table of Contents Appendix A Noggin Data file Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Appendix B Health & Safety Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Appendix C GPR Emissions, Interference and Regulations . . . . . . C-1 C-1 FCC Regulations (USA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2 C-2 ETSI Regulations for the EC (European Community) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Noggin 1 1-General Overview General Overview Noggins are completely self-contained Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems. Once the unit has been assembled into its deployment configuration and powered up you can be carrying out a GPR survey in less than a minute. There are several different Noggin configurations available: the SmartCart, SmartHandle, SmartTow and the Rock Noggin.
2-Noggin Components 2 Noggin Noggin Components The Noggin family of GPR systems consists of the Noggin 100, 250, 500 and 1000. The basic configuration and key components of the Noggin 250, 500 and 1000 are shown in Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2. The key components of the Noggin 100 are shown in Figure 2-3.
Noggin 2-Noggin Components Figure: 2-3 Noggin 100 components 3
3-Noggin 100 Assembly 3 Noggin Noggin 100 Assembly Unlike the higher frequency Noggins, the Noggin 100 comes with the antennas and electronics as separate units that need to be assembled. To assemble, space the 100 MHz antennas about 0.5 meters apart with the mounting blocks facing up. Figure: 3-1 Noggin 100 assembly of electronics to antenna. Place one end of the Noggin 100 electronics module over one of the antennas and press downward until it is seated.
Noggin 3-Noggin 100 Assembly Figure: 3-3 Latching the electronics to the antenna. Do the same to connect the electronics to the second antenna. See the complete assembly of the Noggin 100 in Figure 2-3.
4-SmartCart Assembly 4 Noggin SmartCart Assembly The SmartCart can be configured for operation with all Noggins (100, 250, 500 and 1000). The fully-assembled Noggin 250 in the SmartCart configuration is shown in Figure 5-1. The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5-2. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration. Figure: 4-1 Fully assembled SmartCart with a Noggin 250. Figure: 4-2 Noggin 250 SmartCart (left) and Noggin 100 SmartCart (right) in operation.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.1 Unfold the Handle The Noggin SmartCart comes folded for transportation and storage (Figure 4-3). Figure: 4-3 SmartCart in collapsed position. To unfold the SmartCart, refer to Figure 4-4. Pull the ring to remove the handle Clevis pin from the handle support arm. Raise the handle support arm and then the handle and place the open end of the T-shaped tube on the handle onto the end of the support arm (Step 1).
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 4.2 Attach Wheels The SmartCart may have been shipped without the wheels attached or they may have been removed for storage. If this is the case, find the axle for each wheel, press the button on the end of the axle, and insert the axle through the wheel and into the SmartCart frame (Figure 4-5). Figure: 4-5 Attaching the wheel. With the system unfolded, make sure the small odometer wheel makes good contact with the side of the cart wheel.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.3 Attaching Separation Bars to the SmartCart The Noggin SmartCart can be configured to carry a Noggin 100, 250, 500 or 1000 system. Each system has a unique set of separation bars used to attach the Noggin to the SmartCart and suspend it over the surface (Figure 4-7). Noggin 100 Noggin 250 Figure: 4-7 The separation bars are attached to the SmartCart to carry the Noggin.
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 4.4 Attaching the Swivel Adapters (Noggin 250, 500 & 1000) Before the Noggin 250, 500 or 1000 can be attached to the SmartCart, the 4 swivel adapters (with attached Clevis pins) must be attached to the mounting posts on the Noggin (see Figure 21). The swivel adapters may have been attached to the Noggin at the factory. If not, follow the instructions below. Set the swivel adapter down on the post.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.5 Attaching the Noggin to the SmartCart The Noggin is attached to the cart with the long axis of the Noggin unit parallel to the wheels on the cart (see Figure 4-9 and Figure 4-10). Ensure the 37 socket female electrical receptacle on the Noggin faces the back of the cart so that the cable on the cart will reach the receptacle. 4.5.1 Noggin 250 Remove the Clevis pins from the swivel adapters.
4-SmartCart Assembly 4.5.2 Noggin Noggin 500 & Noggin 1000 Remove the Clevis pins from the swivel adapters. Now, on the bottom of the cart, locate the two, flat, moveable crossbars suspended from the frame of the cart. Notice that each crossbar has 2 holes, one on each side. To attach the Noggin 500 to the cart, place the crossbars into the slots on the top of the swivel adapters, line up the holes and insert the Clevis pins (Figure 4-10).
Noggin 4.5.3 4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 100 Unlike the higher frequency Noggins, the Noggin 100 comes with the antennas and electronics as separate units that need to be assembled. Assemble the Noggin 100 electronics and antennas as shown in Section 3 Noggin 100 Assembly. Place the SmartCart over the Noggin 100, aligning the antenna post blocks on the frame with the antenna mounting posts on the 100 MHz antennas.
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin Connect the 37 pin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable to the receptacle on the Noggin 100 electronics and secure this attachment with the latch. The cable should have a little slack to reduce any stresses on the cable during data collection. Ensure that the cable does not sag and contact the electronics or antennas as this will cause noise in the data. Connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the Noggin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.6 Attach the Digital Video Logger (DVL) The bottom of the Digital Video Logger is designed to slide onto the support shelf attached to the SmartCart (Figure 4-14). Line up the bottom of the DVL with the shelf and slide it back onto the shelf. Push the DVL back far enough so that the flexible clip on the front of the shelf catches and holds the DVL firmly in place. Wiggle the DVL to make sure it is firmly snapped in before letting go of the unit.
4-SmartCart Assembly Noggin 4.7 Attach the Battery Unit The batteries usually used with the SmartCart are shown in Figure 10-1. Set the battery unit onto the lower inclined shelf on the back of the SmartCart (see Figure 4-15). The handle on the battery unit should be accessible from the back of the cart with the cable receptacle on the right. The battery unit should rest in this area without moving.
Noggin 4-SmartCart Assembly 4.8 Adding GPS Mount to the SmartCart The SmartCart has an optional bracket designed to hold a Trimble or Novatel GPS (see Figure 416). This bracket can be modified by the user to hold other types of GPS units. Any GPS unit with a serial output can be attached to the serial port on the back of the DVL and GPS information logged during data collection (see Section 8 ). For more details about configuring the GPS with a Noggin system, see Section 12.3.5 .
5-SmartTow Assembly 5 Noggin SmartTow Assembly All Noggins (100, 250, 500 and 1000) can be operated in the SmartTow configuration. 5.1 Noggin 100 The fully-assembled Noggin 100 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 5-1. The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5-2. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration. Figure: 5-1 Noggin 100 SmartTow configuration. Figure: 5-2 Noggin 100 SmartTow configuration in use.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Assemble the Noggin 100 electronics and antennas as shown in Section 3 . The parts for the Noggin 100 SmartTow frame are shown in . Figure: 5-3 The Noggin 100 SmartTow frame parts (left) and assembled (right). Ensure the antenna post blocks face outward before assembling. The pieces are connected using the 4 thumb screws as shown in the figure below.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin Place the SmartTow frame over the Noggin 100, aligning the antenna post blocks on the frame with the antenna mounting posts on the 100 MHz antennas. Ensure the 37 socket cable connection on the Noggin 100 electronics faces the handle end of the frame and NOT the odometer end. Figure: 5-5 Place the SmartTow frame over the Noggin 100 system with the 8 antenna mounting posts inserted in the post blocks.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Latch the 37 pin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable to the receptacle on the Noggin 100 and use the velcro straps to secure the cable to the handle (Figure 5-7). The cable should have a little slack to reduce any stresses on the cable during data collection. Ensure that the cable does not sag and contact the electronics or antennas as this will cause noise in the data. Connect the yellow odometer cable to the receptacle on the Noggin end of the Noggin-to-DVL cable.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin 5.2 Noggin 250 The fully-assembled Noggin 250 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 5-1. The system is shown in field operation in Figure 5-2. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration. Figure: 5-8 Noggin 250 SmartTow system Figure: 5-9 Noggin 250 SmartTow in operation. Note the belt battery used to power the system.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Attach one of the SmartTow Bracket Assemblies to the two front mounting posts on the Noggin 250 and secure with the metal pins. Attach the second SmartTow Bracket Assembly to the two back mounting posts on the Noggin 250 and secure with the metal pins. Connect the large black cable to the Noggin 37-pin female connector and latch into place, ensuring the cable lies on top of the back SmartTow Bracket Assembly.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin The yellow cable from the odometer connects to the receptacle on the connector to the Noggin. Odometer calibration is critical for accurate data images. Odometer calibration instructions are available in Section 12.5.2 Odometer Calibration. Attach the handle to the front SmartTow Bracket Assembly with the U-brackets and pins. The black cable should lie between the SmartTow Bracket and the handle. Secure the cable along the side of the handle using 2 or 3 Velcro straps.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly 5.3 Noggin 500 and 1000 The fully-assembled Noggin 500 in the SmartTow configuration is shown in Figure 5-10. Follow the directions below to assemble the configuration.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin The parts for the Noggin 500/100 SmartTow Brackets are shown below. Align the two holes on one of the SmartTow Brackets with the two mounting posts on one side of the Noggin, press down firmly and secure with the short metal pins. Then attach the second SmartTow bracket to the other side of the Noggin and secure with the short metal pins.
Noggin 5-SmartTow Assembly Attach the handle to the front of the SmartTow Brackets with the U-brackets and log metal pins. The handle should be attached on the end of the Noggin away from the 37 socket cable connection. Connect the large black Noggin-to-DVL cable to the 37-socket connector on the Noggin and latch into place, ensuring the cable is looped to provide some slack and it is routed along the top of the SmartTow bracket.
5-SmartTow Assembly Noggin The large odometer wheel attaches on the end of the Noggin with the 37-socket connector. Use the U-brackets and log metal pins to secure the odometer T-bar to the SmartTow Brackets. Orient the odometer so the black thumbscrew on the T-bar is facing upwards and the yellow odometer cable is on the same side of the odometer wheel as the odometer receptacle on the Noggin cable connection.
Noggin 6 6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) The Noggin 500 and 1000 can be operated in the SmartHandle configuration. The fully assembled Noggin 500 SmartHandle system is shown in Figure 6-1. The Noggin 1000 SmartHandle system looks very similar. Figure: 6-1 Noggin 500 SmartHandle system. Normally the SmartHandle system is used in the “push” configuration shown in Figure 6-1. In some situations the “pull” configuration may be a more desirable.
6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 6-2 Slide the Noggin odometer bracket over the four, silver mounting posts for both the Noggin 1000 (top) and Noggin 500 (bottom). Figure: 6-3 Connect the 37 pin connector on the Noggin-to-DVL cable to the 37 socket receptacle on the Noggin unit by tightening the latch. Figure: 6-4 On the Noggin-to-DVL cable, note the round receptacle on the back of the connector that attaches to the Noggin unit.
Noggin 6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Figure: 6-5 Press the handle base straight down onto the four, silver mounting posts. The handle base should be pushed all the way down onto the odometer bracket. Insert the four quick release pins to secure the handle. Figure: 6-6 The full-length SmartHandle is shown in Figure 6-1. The SmartHandle can be shortened by removing the center handle section using the thumb-screws.
6-SmartHandle Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin 6.1 SmartHandle “Pull” Configuration In some situations, conditions may dictate that pushing the SmartHandle system (Figure 6-1) is not practical. An alternative configuration is to pull the SmartHandle system (Figure 6-7). To do this, remove the 4 quick-release pins that hold the handle to the Noggin system, remove the handle by pulling straight up and rotate the handle so that it faces the other direction.
Noggin 7 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Assembly of the Rock Noggin system for both the Noggin 500 and the Noggin 1000 is described in this section. The Rock Noggin 500 system is shown in Figure 7-1. The Rock Noggin 1000 system looks very similar when assembled. Figure: 7-1 The Rock Noggin system (left) and in use (right).
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin The Rock Noggin shipping case contains the complete Rock Noggin system (see Figure 7-2). Rock Noggin systems are shipped from the factory partially assembled with the frame and DVLto-Noggin cable already attached to the Noggin unit (see Figure 7-3). If your system is already partially assembled, skip to Figure 7-11. Detailed assembly starts at Figure 7-4.
Noggin 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Figure: 7-4 The Rock Noggin system disassembled into its basic components and ready for assembly. From left to right are the belt battery, the Noggin, the cable (in front), the frame and the Digital Video Logger (DVL). More details of each component are given in the figures below. Figure: 7-5 The Rock Noggin cable. The 4 connections are for the Noggin, the Digital Video Logger (DVL), the trigger button and the battery.
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 7-6 The Noggin used with the Rock Noggin can be either a Noggin 500 (shown here) or a Noggin 1000. The connections are identical for both systems. The 4 silver mounting posts visible here are used when attaching the frame to the Noggin (see Figure 7-8). Figure: 7-7 The Rock Noggin frame. On the bottom of the right handle, note the grey speaker that is used to sound an audible tone as data are collected.
Noggin 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Figure: 7-8 Using the 4 holes on the bottom of the Rock Noggin frame, place the frame on the 4 mounting posts on the top of the Noggin (shown in Figure 7-6). Push the frame down until it cannot go any further. The Noggin should be oriented such that the 37 socket receptacle on the Noggin is on the same side as the Smart button on the frame. Figure: 7-9 Secure the frame to the Noggin by pushing the 4 clevis pins into the holes on the frame as shown.
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 7-10 Attach the end of the cable with the 37 pin (male) connection to the Noggin. Use a slotted screwdriver to tighten the connection. Figure: 7-11 Attach the Digital Video Logger to the frame.
Noggin 7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Attach the Digital Video Logger (DVL): The bottom of the Digital Video Logger is designed to slide onto the support shelf attached to the Rock Noggin frame (see Figure 7-11). Line up the bottom of the Digital Video Logger with the shelf and slide it back onto the shelf. Push the Digital Video Logger back far enough so that the flexible clip on the front of the shelf catches and holds the Digital Video Logger firmly in place.
7-Rock Noggin Assembly (Noggin 500 & 1000 only) Noggin Figure: 7-14 The last connection on the cable is a cylindrical, 4 pin connector for the battery. Figure: 7-15 The Rock Noggin system is now completely assembled and ready to be turned on.
Noggin 8 8-Connecting GPS Connecting GPS For all Noggin configurations, a GPS with a serial output cable can be attached directly to the 9pin serial port on the back of the DVL (Figure 8-1). The DVL can be configured to read in the GPS data and store it along with the GPR data (Section 12.3.5 GPS Parameters). Figure: 8-1 GPS connect to the back of the DVL using a serial connection. GPS supplied with IceMap come with a battery splitter cable to power the GPS from the IceMap battery.
9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) 9 Noggin Digital Video Logger (DVL) Data acquisition is controlled by the Digital Video Logger (DVL). The DVL has software to set survey parameters, collect, display and store data. 9.1 Compact Flash Drive The DVL has both an internal and a removable compact flash drive. The DVL firmware resides on the internal drive. Data can be saved to either the internal or removable drive (Figure 9-1).
Noggin 9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) 9.2 DVL Temperatures It is very important that the DVL only be operated when it can be kept warmer than -10 C otherwise sensitive electronic components including the LCD screen may freeze. Never start the DVL after it has been exposed to cold temperatures. If the DVL will be operating in temperatures below -10 C, it should be kept in a wind-proof box insulated with styrofoam or textiles and heated with hand-warmer packs, if necessary.
9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) Noggin 9.3 Running a DVL Detached from a Smart System When collecting data with a Smart System, the DVL is powered by the system battery. It is possible to detach the DVL from the Smart System and use it away from the system to review data. There are 2 ways to power the DVL away from the Smart System: 1) The optional DVL to Power Supply Cable allows the user to power the DVL away from the Smart System using the system battery.
Noggin 9-Digital Video Logger (DVL) 9.5 Connecting the DVL to the Smart System Attach the end of the DVL-to-Noggin cable with the 37-socket female D-connector to the 37-pin receptacle on the back of the DVL. This attachment can be secured by tightening the latch. Figure: 9-3 The DVl-to-Noggin cable connects to the back of the DVL.
10-Powering Up the System Noggin 10 Powering Up the System Once all the cable connections are made between the Noggin, the Digital Video Logger (DVL) and any accessories like odometers and GPS’s, the final step is to connect the system to a 12 volt power source, typically one of the batteries shown in Figure 10-1. Figure: 10-1 Batteries for Noggin Smart Systems: SmartCart batteries (left) and belt battery (right).
Noggin 10-Powering Up the System Figure: 10-2 Digital Video Logger (DVL) face At this stage, the Noggin unit will still be powered down. Once Noggin action is requested (see later menu items), the DVL will enable power to the Noggin. If the Noggin is receiving power, the red LED light on the connector to the Noggin will be illuminated. The water-resistant membrane keypad has a number of buttons that can be pressed to perform various tasks.
10-Powering Up the System Noggin A – LOCATE & MARK B – SURVEY & MAP 1 – CONTACT US 3 - SWITCH MENU 5 – POWER OFF 12.1 V 38°C 100°F 02-0181-03?? • Pressing the A button enters Locate & Mark mode (see Section 11: P.49). • Pressing the B button enters Survey & Map mode (see Section 12: P.67). • Pressing the 1 button displays contact information for Sensors & Software Inc.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11 Locate & Mark Mode Selecting Locate & Mark from the main menu will display the System Settings screen. 11.1 System Settings Screen 11.1.1 Scan Press the Scan button to start scanning (see Section 3.3). 11.1.2 Language Select the language for the menus. Current options are English or Icons. This section generally uses the English menus. See Section 3.7?? for a chart showing all the equivalent icons.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.1.3 Units Units for the Position Axis, Depth Axis and Depth Indicator can be either Meters or Feet. 11.1.4 Scale The Scale button toggles to four different Scale options: 1) Lines means Depth Lines are plotted on the data image to assist with determining the depth of targets (also see Section 3.3).
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 3) Both means both Depth Lines and Values are plotted on the data image: 4) Off means no Depth Lines and Values are plotted on the data image. 11.1.5 Date Opens the Date Screen to change the current date (see Section 3.5). Images are saved with this date. 11.1.6 Time Opens the Time Screen to change the current date (see Section 3.5). Images are saved with this time. 11.1.7 Power Off Opens a sub-menu to confirm powering off the system.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.1.8 System Information The top of the Systems Setting Screen displays the serial number of the GPR sensor, the software version number, the GPR Sensor frequency (in MHz) and the current battery voltage.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.2 Scanning Screen After pressing the Scan button, wait a few seconds for the vertical depth scale to appear on the right side of the screen, and then push the Cart forward. A cross-sectional image of the ground scrolls onto the screen from the right to left. The position is displayed on the horizontal axis at the top while the depth is displayed on the vertical axis.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin Pressing the Pause button opens the Image Settings Screen to change the current Color Palette, Depth, Filter and Gain (see Section 3.5). Stopping and pulling the cart backwards along the same path automatically opens the Locating Screen (See Section 3.4) used to pinpoint the position and depth of a target.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode 11.3 Locating Screen The Locating Screen is accessed by stopping and pulling the cart backwards while scanning. The cursor moves over the image and menu options appear at the bottom of the screen. 11.3.1 Locating Cursor The Cursor consists of 3 parts: Position IndicatorVertical cross-hair is tied to the odometer and corresponds to the location at the center of the GPR sensor.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.3.2 Soil Type To obtain an accurate depth axis and depth estimations of targets in the GPR image, a Soil Type Calibration must be performed. Soil Type Calibration can be done 3 ways: 1) Matching the shape of a target arch, 2) Using a target at a known depth, or 3) Using the moisture level of the soil. 11.3.2.1 Matching a Target Arch Targets like pipes, cables, buried artefacts, tree roots and rocks generate arch-shaped responses on the GPR image.
Noggin 11-Locate & Mark Mode To determine the Soil Type using a Target Arch: 1) With a target arch visible on the image, back the cart up until the Position Indicator is centered on the target arch in the GPR image; preferably one with long tails because this provides the most accurate soil type calibration. 2) As you slow down and stop, the Indicator Arch will appear on the data image.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 4) Press the Soil Type button and toggle through the five different soil types to find the one that roughly fits the shape of the Indicator Arch to the shape of the Target Arch. 5) Use the Wide and Narrow Arch buttons to change the shape of the Indicator Arch to match the shape of the Target Arch on the GPR image. The depth of the target is indicated on the bottom left. 6) Press the Apply button to save the Soil Type and update the Depth Axis on the Scanning Screen.
Noggin 3) 11-Locate & Mark Mode Once the depth is matched, save the Soil Type value by pressing the Save button. 11.3.2.3 Soil Moisture If a good target arch or a target of known depth is not available, the user will have to estimate the Soil Type. The soil type is most strongly affected by water so the soil type options relate to the amount of water in the soil. Change the soil type by pressing the Soil Moisture button until the option that best describes the soil in the area is displayed.
11-Locate & Mark Mode Noggin 11.4 Image Settings Screen The Image Settings Screen is accessed by pressing the Pause (||) button while in the Scanning Screen or the Locating Screen. Menu options appear along the bottom of the screen: 11.4.1 Scan To exit from the Image Settings Screen and resume Scanning, press the Scan button or the Pause (||) button again (to unPause). The Scanning Screen returns at the current location with the position information preserved.
